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CONNECTION DIAGRAM
8
TYPICAL TWO DEARING GENERATOR
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TYPICAL TWO aEAR.NO OliNEI'fA...OR
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1 S!ato( 25 Main Ri!Ietifl.r A.*.mbly R..,.,...
2 ROotor 26 Varistor
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3 elicitCIt' Rotor 27 Oiod. - FClIWaro
.4 ElcdtM Stator 28 Oiad RowOtS. Pclarily
5 N.O,e. Bradee! 29 l.i1'Ilng bug - 0.1:
6 Cover N.O. 30 Lifting Lug N.O.E.
? Bearing '0' Ring N.O.E. 31 Frame to 6ndbrad<et Adaptor Ring
8 Bearing N,O.E. 32 Maio Ten.ninal Panel
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Bearing \Naye Was.hI$r D.E. 33 Terminal Link
to 0, E. Bracket 34 . edging SIIiP
11 O,E. $<:r<raen 35 Fan
t2 Bearing D. E. 36 Foot Mounting Spaeer
14 Foot 37
15 Frame Cover Bottom 38. AVR Access Cover
16 Frame COlter Top 39 AVA Antl-Vibtatlon Mooru
17 Air Inlel Cover 40 Auxiliary Tecminal Assembly
18 Terminal 80x Lid 42 PMG Exciter Rotor
'\'9 Endp.meIO.E. 43 PMG Exciter- Stator
20 Endp8l!'1el N.O.E, 44 PMGBoft
21 AVR 45 PMGPlllar
22 Side-Panel 46 PMGClarnp
2'3 AVR MOl.Jl1<ti....g 47 PMGOowei
24 Main Rectifier A$s.embly F'orwurd
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AVR
Non Drive End
end
Permanent Generllllr
AlA<lm1ll'tle Voltage Regulator
9
PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION AC GENERATOR
With reference to the AC Generator Block Diagram, when first running up of a brushless alternator from standstill, the
residual magnetism in the DC exciter stator field will be sufficient to Induce a small AC voltage on the 3 phase exciter
rotor mounted on the shaft of the alternator. The output of this 3 phase exciter is fed directly into the 3 phase main
rectifier unit which in turn convert this supply into DC voltage feeding directly into the main rotor mounted on the same
rotating shaft. The DC main rotor, once energized, will induce the stationary 3 phase main stator field to produce a
small 3 phase AC output at terminals U, V, Wand N. This small 3 phase output is fed into the Automatic Voltage
Regulator (AVR) which compares this value to its pre-determined set value. Sensing that its monitored source is
insufficient, the AVR acts to increase excitation voltage and current to the DC exciter stator which in turn cause a
higher voltage being produced to the main rectifier which in turn produce a higher DC voltage to the main rotor and
hence higher voltage being produced by the main stator.
This process is repeated continuously until the output voltage produced by the stator, fed to the AVR, is similar to the
pre-set value of the latter. When this happens the AVR will stop increasing output voltage to DC exciter field and final
voltage output form AVR will be kept sufficient to maintain sufficient output AC voltage at terminals U, V, Wand N.
When asudden load is applied across main stator output, adip in the output voltage cause the AVR to increase output
voltage to the DC exciter stator and ultimately an increase in the generated output on terminals U, V. Wand N. If the
loads are suddenly disconnected, output voltage at U, V, Wand Nwill rise. This increase in voltage is sensed by AVR
and it will automatically reduce output voltage to the exciter stator, ultimately causing voltage at U, V, Wand Nto be
reduced unit the pre-set, value is reached.
Self-excited, rotating field, brushless, a.c. generator with electronic voltage control system (Stamford Series
Electrielll Power Output
Set Reference
\)
Mechanical
Rotational
Power 'nput
Sense
Main StaI'Or
Main Field (rotor)
Power
A.V.A.
I
...
...._ .........._
I ~
Rotating Diodes
~ u t
Exciter
Field
(Stator)
EXciter
Rotor
...(.rma.
ture)
D
FIg. 1 Block Schematic Diagram
Self-excited, rotating field, brush less, a.c. generator with electronic
voltage control system
PRINSIP C)PERASI GENERATOR AC
Dengan merujuk pad a blok diagram Generator AC, pada pertama kali Alternator
Brushless berputar dari berhenti, medan magnet sisa/baki dalam DC exciter stator cukup
untuk menghasilkan voltan AC yang keci! pada 3 fasa exciter rotor yang dipasang pada
aci Altemator,
Keluaran AC dari 3 fasa exciter rotor akan dihantar terus ke 3 fasa diod utama berputar
untuk menukarkan bekalan menjadi DC ke rotor utama yang dipasang pada aci berputar
yang sarna.
DC rotor utama mengeluarkan medan megnet berputar dan mengaruh 3 fasa stator
utama yang pasang tetap untuk menghasilkan tenaga voltan keluaran AC 3 fasa yang
kecil di terminal U, V, W dan N.
Voltan keluaran 3 fasa yang kecil ini dimasukkan ke dalam Automatik Voltage Regulator
(AVR) untuk membandingkan nilai ini kepada nilai voltan yang telah ditentukan.
Pengesan memantau bahawa sumber voltan adalah tidak mencukupi, AVR bertindak
untuk menaikkan arus ujaan ke DC exciter stator menyebabkan arus keluaran lebih tinggi
dihasilkan melalui diod utama berputar untuk menukarkan arus AC ke arus DC yang lebih
tinggi kepada rotor utama menyebabkan voltan lebih tinggi dihasilkan oleh 3 fasa stator
utama.
Proses ini diulang terus menerus sampai voltan keluaran yang dihasilkan oleh 3 fasa
stator utama, dikesan oleh AVR, serupa dengan set-nilai voltan yang telah ditentukan.
Apabila ini berlaku, AVR akan berhenti meningkatkan voltan keluaran ke DC exciter stator
dan voltan keluaran akhir dari AVR akan disimpan hanya untuk mempertahankan voltan
keluaran AC yang cukup di terminal U, V, W dan N.
Ketika beban yang disambung pada stator utama tiba-tiba meningkat, voltan keluaran
akan mengalami kejatuhan menyebabkan AVR untuk meningkatkan arus ujaan ke stator
exciter DC dan akhirnya peningkatan voltan keluaran yang dihasilkan pada terminal U, V.
Wdan N.
Jika beban tiba-tiba terputus, voltan keluaran pada U, V, W dan N akan meningkat.
Dengan kenaikan voltan ini, AVR akan menyelaraskan secara automatik dan
mengurangkan voltan keluaran ke stator exciter, akhimya voltan pada U, V, W dan N
dikurangkan ke set-nilai voltan yang telah ditentukan akan tercapai.