TNG QUAN V OFDM

Trn Xun Nam Khoa V tuyn in t Hc vin Ky thut Qun s

OFDM l gi?

OFDM: Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing

L ky thut iu ch a sng mang (multicarrier) trc giao Hiu sut s dng ph tn cao: cc bng tn con c th chng ln ln nhau C kha nng chng li pha inh chn lc theo tn s (ISI) tt Kha nng chng li pha-inh su va nhiu bng h p
Khoa V tuyn in t Hc vin KTQS 2

u im:

Trn Xun Nam

ng dng ca OFDM

Pht qung ba s:

Pht thanh s (DAB), Truyn hnh s (DVB) ADSL, HDSL WLAN: 802.11a/g/n (Wifi) WMAN: 802.16 (Wimax) di ng 4G
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Thng tin Hu tuyn:

Thng tin V tuyn:

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Knh truyn V tuyn Bng rng (Broadband Radio Channels)

Knh truyn V tuyn Bng rng

nh hng ca truyn sng a ng hin tng tri tr (delay spread)

Maximum Delay Spread

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Knh khng bin i theo thi gian

Trong trng hp khng c chuyn ng, nh hng ca knh nh mt b lc LTI (Linear Time Invariant Filter)

p ng xung ca knh

Time-Invariant Channel transfer function

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Knh bng hp (Narrowband Channel)

Th no l knh bng hp (narrowband channel) Symbol duration Ts  max

B 1 HT ( f ) const. for f , with B 2 Ts Hm truyn t ca knh c gia thit l khng i trong khong bng tn tn hiu B

No frequency-selective fading No Inter-Symbol Interference

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Knh bng rng (Broadband Channel)

Th no l knh bng rng (broadband channel) Symbol duration Ts  max Hm truyn t knh thng ging trong khong bng tn knh B

Frequency-selective fading InterSymbol Interference (ISI)

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Slow fading and Fast fading

nh gia mc bin i ca knh thng qua coherence time z Coherence time l n v thi gian ti thiu m bin tn hiu mt tng quan so vi gia tr ti thi im trc o
z

Tc =

k fD max

k = v , with k = 0.25 0.5 f c c

Slow fading

Fast fading

Ts > Tc
Trn Xun Nam Khoa V tuyn in t Hc vin KTQS

Ts  Tc
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Frequency Selectivity and ISI

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Chuyn ng ca MS (Doppler Spread)

Doppler frequency

fD =

v fc cos c

SD (f ) = fD 1 0

( )
f fD

| f | fD | f |>| fD |

nh hng ca chuyn ng MS -Tn s sng mang bi dch mt on fD - Mi path c gc ti khc nhau nn b dch mt on khc nhau, to nn ph iu ch Doppler t fD,max fD,max
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Knh bin i theo thi gian

Trong trng hp c chuyn ng, nh hng ca knh nh mt b lc LTV (Linear Time Variant Filter)

Channel impulse response time variant

Time-variant channel transfer function

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C s v Truyn dn a sng mang Multicarrier Transmission

Truyn dn tc thp

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Truyn dn tc cao

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Transmission Rate vs Bandwidth

Chu nh hng ca ISI

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Truyn dn Multicarrier
Chia nho bng tn thnh K knh nho, khng chu nh hng ca ISI

Mi knh con c th coi l phng, vi h s knh m ta bi mt s phc

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u im ca truyn dn a sng mang

Truyn dn ni tip n sng mang: max  Tsc

nh hng ln bi ISI Cn complex time-domai equalization

Truyn dn song song a sng mang: max  Tmc = KTsc

Trnh c nh hng ca ISI Simple frequency-domai equalization

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MultiCarrier vs Single Carrier

Ts,MC = K Ts,SC

B = K f

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S truyn dn multicarrier
TsT = = KT KT
s

s n (0)
Ts T

(.) dt T
s

~ (0) s n
Ts

s n (1) s n ( K- 1) ,.., s n (0) S/P

j 2 pf 0t

-j 2 p f 0 t

(.) dt T
s

~ (1) s n
Ts

e s n ( K -1) e

j 2 pf 1t

Channel

+ Noise

-j 2 p f 1 t

P/S

~ ( K -1), ..,~ s s n (0) n

(.) dt T
s

~ s n ( K -1)
Ts

j 2 p f K -1 t

-j 2 p f K -1 t

Transmitter

Receiver

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C s v OFDM
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing

Multicarrier Transmission and OFDM

Single Carrier

Guard band Multicarrier

OFDM

Saved bandwidth

Ph chng ln nhng khng c ICI do tnh cht trc giao (orthogonality)

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Tnh cht trc giao trong OFDM

TsT = = KT KT
s

s n (0)
Ts T

(.) dt T
s

~ (0) s n
Ts

s n (1) s n ( K- 1) ,.., s n (0) S/P

j 2 pf 0t

-j 2 p f 0 t

(.) dt T
s
1

~ (1) s n
Ts

e j 2 pf t
1

Channel

+ Noise

e -j 2 p f t

P/S

~ ( K -1), ..,~ s s n (0) n

s n ( K -1) e
j 2 p f K -1 t

(.) dt T
s

~ s n ( K -1)
Ts

-j 2 p f K -1 t

Transmitter

Receiver

Cc sng mang con trc giao ln nhau

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My pht OFDM

Biu din thi gian lin tc ca OFDM symbol th i

si (t ) = 1 1 iTs j 2k ft si,k rect e Ts K k =0
K 1 k =0

K 1

Biu din thi gian gin on ca OFDM symbol th i

si,n = si (n t ) =
Do

1 K

si,ke j 2k f nt

f t =

1 Ts 1 = Ts K K
j 2 k n K

s i,n =

1 K

K 1 k =0

si,ke

IDFT ca si,k

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S my pht OFDM

OFDM Modulation using IDFT

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OFDM Signals
s(n)
A m p lit ud e

1
0
T

2T

3T

Ts

-1
S/P conversion

Ts t

Ts t S ub- carrier 1, f 1 Ts Ts t S ub- carrier 2, f 2

A m p lit ud e

A m p lit ud e

A m p lit ud e

s0

S ub- carrier 0, f 0 1
1 0 -1

S ub- channel 1 si g nal

Ts t

-1 1
0

-1 1
0

s1
A m p lit ud e

S ub- channel 2 si g nal

Ts

A m p lit ud e

A m p lit ud e

1 0 -1 1 0 -1 1 0 -1 Ts t

-1 1
0

-1
1 0 -1 1 0 -1 Ts
t

s1
A m p lit ud e

S ub- channel 3 si g nal

Ts t

Ts

-1 1
0

Ts

Ts t

A m p lit ud e

s1
A m p lit ud e

A m p lit ud e

S ub- carrier 3 , f 3

A m p lit ud e

A m p lit ud e

S ub- channel 4 si g nal

Ts t

-1

A m p lit ud e

5 0 -5

OFDM si g nal

Ts t

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OFDM Signal Frequency Spectra

Subcarrrier spectra

Modulated subcarrrier spectra

Spectra of OFDM signal

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Power Spectra of OFDM Signal

Rectangular (noise-like) spectra

Effective bandwidth
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Tn hiu thu OFDM

Tn hiu sau gii iu ch a sng mang

i (l ) = s 1 K
K 1 k =0

si,ne

k j 2T

lTs s K

1 K

K 1 n =0
DFT

si,ne

j 2 nl K

S my thu

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S my thu pht OFDM

Thc t, thay bng IFFT gim complexity

Thc t, thay bng FFT, gim complexity

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nh hng ca tri tr

InterSymbol Interference

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Gii php GI ca OFDM

S dng Guarf Interval trong mi OFDM block Tng di OFDM symbol loi hon ton ISI

iu kin loi ht ISI l

TG max

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Tc dng ca GI

No InterSymbol Interference

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Gii php Cyclic Prefix

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Gii php Cyclic Prefix

OFDM Symbol with CP

CP

OFDM block

Copy & Paste

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Hn ch ca OFDM

Gim hiu sut s dng bng tn: Ts eff = Ts + TG nh hng ca Doppler, mt ng b tn s

Cc knh con mt trc giao InterChannel Interference

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Hiu ng PAPR

Peak-to-Average Power Ratio

T s PAPR ln

nh hng ca PAPR ln: - Cn cc b KCS c gii cng tc tuyn tnh rng, kho ch to, t tin - Hiu sut s dng khng cao, do thng xuyn lm vic mc CS trung bnh, nhng cn thit k KCS vi cng sut nh cao hn rt nhiu
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Thit k H thng OFDM

Cc yu t nh hng ti h thng OFDM

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Thit k H thng OFDM (2)

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Thit k H thng OFDM (3)

Knh vt ly xc nh tri tr cc i max va tn s Doppler cc i fD,max Gii hn di ca OFDM symbol: theo di GI max < 0.2Ts = TGI Gii hn trn ca OFDM symbol: theo tn s Doppler
fD,max

Yu cu v OFDM symbol
5 max < Ts < 0.03

v = fc < 0.03 f c

1 fD,max

di FFT xc nh bi bng tn h thng B va OFDM symbol N c = B Ts 2

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V du: HIPERLAN/2 Model

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Thank you for your attention!