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An Etymological Dictionary of Common Chinese Characters
William H. Baxter[Preliminary draft of 28 October 2000]© William H. Baxter, 2000. All rights reserved.
 
A word of explanation
This is a very preliminary version of a planned etymological dictionary of common Chinese characters. It contains entries for something over 5,000 commonChinese characters. Each entry gives the standard Mandarin pronunciation in
pïnyïn
romanization (tones indicated by a suffixed 1, 2, 3, 4, in this preliminaryversion; ‘5’ indicates neutral tone), a character in its traditional, simplified, and (inmost cases) Japanese forms, and its pronunciation in Middle Chinese (the pronunciationcodified in the
Qièyùn
system of rhyme dictionaries) according to the transcriptionsystem presented in my Handbook of Old Chinese phonology (Berlin: Mouton deGruyter, 1992). For some entries, Sino-Japanese readings have also been added:
‘
KO
’
indicates
Kan
’
on
,
‘
GO
’
indicates
Go
’
on
, and
‘
KYO
’
indicates
Kan’yö’on
. Sino-Japanese pronunciations are given first in a romanizedtranscription of the
rekishiteki kanazukai
or historical kana spellingwhich was used until the post
–
World War II script reform, and then in the Hepburnromanization system. (Note that not all Sino-Japanese pronunciations are in commonuse today.)In future versions, the remaining Sino-Japanese readings will be included, andSino-Korean and Vietnamese pronunciations will be added, as will pronunciationsfrom Cantonese and other Chinese
‘
dialects
’
. Glosses, grammatical labels, and otherreconstructions (including Old Chinese) may be added in the future, but the focus atthis point is on Middle Chinese as a means of relating the pronunciations of variousChinese
‘
dialects
’
and Chinese loanwords in modern languages.The preliminary nature of this draft should be emphasized; I am distributing itin this form only because I believe some may find it useful to have a convenientguide to my transcription of Middle Chinese. Questions and corrections should beaddressed to me at
wbaxter@umich.edu
.
PAGE INDEX:
A1N95B2O99C13P100D23Q106E31R115F32S117G38T131H46W138J55X144K70Y156L76Z172M87
 
A
ai1
MC ÷‰j
ai1
MC ÷oj, KO
GO ai
ai1
MC ÷oj, KO
GO ai
MC also ÷i.
ai1
MC ÷oj, KO
GO ai
ai2
MC ng䃕*
ai2
MC ngoj
ai3
MC ÷ajH, KO
GO ai
Mandarin ai3 is irregular; we would expect ai4.
ai3
MC ÷ajHMandarin ai3 is irregular; we would expect ai4.
ai3
MC ÷‰ÉïX
ai4
MC ÷ajH, KO
GO ai
ai4
MC ÷‰ÉïH
ai4
MC ngajH
ai4
MC ngojH
ai4
MC ÷ojH
an1
MC ÷an
an1
MC ÷an
an1
MC ÷om
an1
MC ÷om
an1
MC ÷om
an4
MC ÷anH
an4
MC ÷anH
an4
MC nganH
an4
MC ÷omH
an4
MC ÷omH
ang2
MC ngang
ang4
MC ÷angH
ao1
MC ևw*, KO
au > ö, GO eu > yö
WHB 10/28/00, a-z14.Nisus: page 1 of 188
ao1
MC ngaw
of 00

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