Introduction to Programming Using Java

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Introduction to Programming Using Java

Version 5.0, December 2006

(Version 5.0.2, with minor corrections, November 2007)

David J. Eck

Hobart and William Smith Colleges

This is a PDF version of an on-line book that is available at

http://math.hws.edu/javanotes/

.The PDF does not includesource code ﬁles, solutions to exercises, or answers to quizzes, butit does have external links to these resources, shown in blue.In addition, each section has a link to the on-line version.The PDF also has internal links, shown in red. These links canbe used in

Acrobat Reader

and some other PDF reader programs.

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1996–2007, David J. Eck

David J. Eck (eck@hws.edu)Department of Mathematics and Computer ScienceHobart and William Smith CollegesGeneva, NY 14456This book can be distributed in unmodified form with no restrictions.Modified versions can be made and distributed provided they are distributedunder the same license as the original. More specifically: This work islicensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.5 License.To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 543 Howard Street, 5thFloor, San Francisco, California, 94105, USA.The web site for this book is: http://math.hws.edu/javanotes

Contents

Prefacex1 The Mental Landscape1

1.1 Machine Language. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2 Asynchronous Events. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.3 The Java Virtual Machine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.4 Building Blocks of Programs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.5 Object-oriented Programming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91.6 The Modern User Interface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121.7 The Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14Quiz on Chapter 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

2 Names and Things18

2.1 The Basic Java Application. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182.2 Variables and Types. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212.2.1 Variables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222.2.2 Types and Literals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232.2.3 Variables in Programs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262.3 Objects and Subroutines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272.3.1 Built-in Subroutines and Functions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282.3.2 Operations on Strings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312.3.3 Introduction to Enums. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332.4 Text Input and Output. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352.4.1 A First Text Input Example. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362.4.2 Text Output. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372.4.3 TextIO Input Functions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382.4.4 Formatted Output. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402.4.5 Introduction to File I/O. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422.5 Details of Expressions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432.5.1 Arithmetic Operators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442.5.2 Increment and Decrement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452.5.3 Relational Operators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452.5.4 Boolean Operators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462.5.5 Conditional Operator. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 472.5.6 Assignment Operators and Type-Casts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 472.5.7 Type Conversion of Strings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 492.5.8 Precedence Rules. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 492.6 Programming Environments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50i

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