Figure 1: States Where Norquist Pledge Has the Most Inuence Have Reduced Life Expectancy (77.

2 years vs 79.6 years) and Increased Risk of Death from Various Causes
Increased risk of death (from selected causes) in states where Norquist pledge has most inuence by comparison with states where it has least inuence, %

Sources and notes: Percentages are averages for the 10 states where Norquist has highest inuence compared with the 10 states where Norquist has lowest inuence. Inuence is measured by percentage of congressional delegation that has signed the Norquist pledge. Number of congressional representatives per state obtained from US House of Representatives (http://www.house.gov/representatives/), number of Senators per state is always 2 and number of signers of the Norquist pledge from Americans for Tax Reform (http://s3.amazonaws.com/atrles/les/les/091411-federalpledgesigners.pdf). Life expectancy is from Measure of America project! (http://www.measureofamerica.org/). Infant mortality is from the Census Bureau for 2005 and represents deaths of infants under 1 year old per 1,000 live births, by place of residence, excluding fetal deaths (http://www.census.gov/statab/ranks/rank17.html). Murder rate is from the Census Bureau for 2009, and is per 100,000 population based on offenses reported to law enforcement, Census Bureau estimates as of July 1, 2012 ! (http://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/2012/tables/12s0308.pdf). Highway fatalities are from Census Bureau for 2009, based on deaths per 100 million vehicle miles traveled (www.census.gov/compendia/statab/2012/tables/12s1104.xls). ! Copyright S. Strauss, 2013 !