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Key or key combinationWhat it does

OptionDisplay all bootable volumes (Startup Manager)ShiftPerformSafe Boot(start up inSafe Mode) CStart from a bootable discTStart in FireWire target disk modeNStart from NetBoot serverXForce Mac OS X startup (if non-Mac OS X startup volumes are present)Command-VStart in Verbose ModeCommand-SStart in Single User Mode

Key combinationWhat it does

Command-ASelect all items in the front Finder window (or desktop if no window is open)Option-Command-ADeselect all itemsShift-Command-AOpen the Applications folderCommand-CCopy selected item/textShift-Command-COpen the Computer windowCommand-DDuplicate selected itemShift-Command-DOpen desktop folderCommand-EEjectCommand-FFind any matching Spotlight attributeShift-Command-FFind Spotlight file name matchesOption-Command-FNavigate to the search field in an already-open Spotlight windowShift-Command-GGo to FolderShift-Command-HOpen the Home folder of the currently logged-in user accountCommand-IGet InfoOption-Command-IShow InspectorControl-Command-IGet Summary InfoShift-Command-IOpen iDiskCommand-JShow View OptionsCommand-KConnect to ServerShift-Command-KOpen Network windowCommand-LMake alias of the selected itemCommand-MMinimize windowOption-Command-MMinimize all windowsCommand-NNew Finder windowShift-Command-NNew folderOption-Command-NNew Smart FolderCommand-OOpen selected itemShift-Command-QLog OutOption-Shift-Command-QLog Out immediatelyCommand-RShow original (of alias)Command-TAdd to SidebarShift-Command-TAdd to FavoritesOption-Command-THide Toolbar / Show Toolbar in Finder windows

Startup keyboard shortcutsFinder keyboard shortcuts

Press the key or key combination until the expected function occurs/appears (for example, hold Option during startupuntil Startup Manager appears, or Shift until "Safe Boot" appears). Tip: If a startup function doesn't work and you use athird-party keyboard, connect an Apple keyboard and try again.

Shift-Command-UOpen Utilities folderCommand-VPasteCommand-WClose windowOption-Command-WClose all windowsCommand-XCutOption-Command-YSlideshow (Mac OS X 10.5 or later)Command-ZUndo / RedoCommand-1View as IconCommand-2View as ListCommand-3View as ColumnsCommand-4View as Cover Flow (Mac OS X 10.5 or later)the comma key)Open Finder preferencesaccent key--above Tab key Cycle through open Finder windowsCommand-Shift-?Access Mac HelpOption-Shift-Command-escForce Quit FinderCommand-[BackCommand-]ForwardCommand-Up ArrowOpen enclosed folderControl-Command-Up ArrowOpen enclosed folder in a new windowCommand-Down ArrowOpen highlighted itemCommand-TabSwitch application--cycle forwardShift-Command-TabSwitch application--cycle backwardCommand-DeleteMove to TrashShift-Command-DeleteEmpty TrashDeleteEmpty Trash without confirmation dialogSpacebar (or Command-Y)Quick Look (Mac OS X 10.5 or later)draggingMove dragged item to other volume/location (pointer icon changes while key is held--see this article)Option key while draggingCopy dragged item (pointer icon changes while key is held--see this article)combination while draggingMake alias of dragged item (pointer icon changes while key is held--see this article)

Key combinationWhat it does

Command-Spacescript systems)Option-Command-Spacekeyboard layouts and input methods within a script)Command-TabMove forward to the next most recently used application in a list of open applicationsShift-Command-TabMove backward through a list of open applications (sorted by recent use)Shift-TabNavigate through controls in a reverse directionControl-Tabcell)Shift-Control-TabMove focus to the previous grouping of controlsCommand-escOpen Front Row (if installed)Option-EjectEject from secondary optical media drive (if one is installed)Control-EjectShow shutdown dialogOption-Command-EjectPut the computer to sleepControl-Command-EjectcomputerEjectdown the computerfn-DeleteForward Delete (on portable Macs' built-in keyboard)Control-F1Toggle full keyboard access on or offControl-F2Move focus to the menu barControl-F3Move focus to the DockControl-F4Move focus to the active (or next) window

Application and other Mac OS X keyboard commandsNote:

Some applications may not support all of the below application key combinations.

Shift-Control-F4Move focus to the previously active windowControl-F5Move focus to the toolbar.Control-F6Move focus to the first (or next) panelShift-Control-F6Move focus to the previous panelControl-F7Temporarily override the current keyboard access mode in windows and dialogsF9Tile or untile all open windowsF10Tile or untile all open windows in the currently active applicationF11Hide or show all open windowsF12Hide or display DashboardCommand-`Activate the next open window in the frontmost applicationShift-Command-`Activate the previous open window in the frontmost applicationOption-Command-`Move focus to the window drawerCommand- - (minus)Decrease the size of the selected itemCommand-{Left-align a selectionCommand-}Right-align a selectionCommand-|Center-align a selectionCommand-:Display the Spelling windowCommand-;Find misspelled words in the documentCommand-,Open the front application's preferences window (if it supports this keyboard shortcut)Option-Control-Command-,Decrease screen contrastOption-Control-Command-.Increase screen contrastCommand-?Open the application's help in Help ViewerOption-Command-/Turn font smoothing on or offShift-Command-=Increase the size of the selected itemShift-Command-3Capture the screen to a fileShift-Control-Command-3Capture the screen to the ClipboardShift-Command-4Capture a selection to a fileShift-Control-Command-4Capture a selection to the ClipboardCommand-AHighlight every item in a document or window, or all characters in a text fieldCommand-BBoldface the selected text or toggle boldfaced text on and offCommand-CDuplicate the selected data and store on the ClipboardShift-Command-CDisplay the Colors windowOption-Command-CCopy the style of the selected textControl-Command-CCopy the formatting settings of the selected item and store on the ClipboardOption-Command-DShow or hide the DockCommand-Control DDisplay the definition of the selected word in the Dictionary applicationCommand-EUse the selection for a findCommand-FOpen a Find windowOption-Command-FMove to the search field controlCommand-GFind the next occurrence of the selectionShift-Command-GFind the previous occurrence of the selectionCommand-HHide the windows of the currently running applicationOption-Command-HHide the windows of all other running applicationsCommand-IItalicize the selected text or toggle italic text on or offOption-Command-IDisplay an inspector windowCommand-JScroll to a selectionCommand-MMinimize the active window to the DockOption-Command-MMinimize all windows of the active application to the DockCommand-NCreate a new document in the frontmost applicationCommand-ODisplay a dialog for choosing a document to open in the frontmost applicationCommand-PDisplay the Print dialogShift-Command-PDisplay a dialog for specifying printing parameters (Page Setup)