MATHEMATICS CHAPTER -1 (FORM 3)

LINES AND ANGLES II

Transversals

1. A transversal is a straight line that intersects two or more straight lines.

2.A transversal intersecting a pair of lines results in eight angles. Four angles between the called interior angles and the other four angles are called exterior angles.

two lines are

3. Corresponding angles are on the same side of a transversal and involve an interior angle

and an exterior angle.

4. Alternate angles are interior angles on opposite sides of a transversal.

Example 1: Identify the transversal, corresponding angles, alternate angles an interior angles in the following diagram.

Solution: Transversal: AB Corresponding angles: a and h, b and e, d and g, c and f. Alternate angles: b and g, c and h. Interior angles: b, c, g, h.

1. When a transversal intersects parallel lines, the corresponding angles are equal.

Example 2: Determine the value of angle a.

Solution: Angle a and the 65o angle are corresponding angles. Therefore, angle a = 65o. 2. When a transversal intersects parallel lines, the alternate angles are equal.

Example 3: Calculate the value of angles S in the following diagram.

Solution: Angle S and the 30o angle are alternate angles. Therefore, angle S = 30o 3. When a transversal intersects parallel lines, the sum of a pair of interior angles on the same side of the transversal is 180o.

Example 4:
Find angle a in the diagram below.

Solution:
Angle a and the angle of 60o are interior angles on the same side of the transversal. Therefore, a + 60o = 180o a = 180o - 60o a = 120o

1. When two straight lines are cut by a transversal, the two lines are parallel if - the corresponding angles are equal or - the alternate angles are equal or - the interior angles on the same side of the transversal are supplementary. Example 5:

In the diagram, EFGH, MONP, TFNU,and RGOS are straight lines. Determine whether (a) EFGH is parallel to MNOP, (b) TFNU is parallel to RGOS.

Solution: (a)

(b)

Example 6:
In the diagram, MNO, OPQR, NPT, NQS and RST are straight lines. Find the values of x and y.

SOLUTION: