;f]r, vf]h clg u/

Effu !

d ;S5'

1
Df ;S5'

!
;f]r, vf]h clg u/

x] n'd|f † cl3 k9\gdf nxl;“bf ;fx«} ws]y]“ / kf]

d}Gxfe/\ al; d]6\ ysfO t egL dGh"/\ lbP“ l6Sg kf] .
t}“n] tf aa'/f † ;'6'Ss dg of] cfkm"lt/} tflg5;\
Ps} df;\el/df v';"v';' 7'nf if8\oGq kf] uf“lw5;\ ..

Tf}“n] ug{' ul/;\ ;a} an xl/;\ ;f/f laufl/;\ u'0f ..

Df}n] aNn lrGx]“ t“nfO{, t“ a8f] n]y|f] /Ú5;\ b'h{g †
x] cfn:o † t“ slK6 em§ k/ hf nf} lgl:shf d'lG6hf
6ØfSs} l6Sg d lbGg“ of] zl//df, hf] sf6\g' sfl6;\ dhf .

;f]rkl5 vf]h, vf]hkl5 ca s] < dg km]l/ n]vgofqfsf] tntndf

cndlng yfNof] . kqklqsfdf kmf6km'6 n]vx¿ t n]v]“ t/ lrQ a'em]g .
dgdf nfUof], olt ljrf/ dGyg u/]/ s'g} sfd u/]kl5 s]xL g s]xL
kl/jt{gsf] cfef; t x'g'k¥of], s]xL g s]xL p2]Zod"ns k|ltkmn t
cfpg}k¥of] . ha ldlxg]tcg';f/sf] glthf lgSn“b}g, slxn]sfxL“ lbSs nfU5 .
;fob of] d]/f] Entrepreneurial Jofj;flos Pjd\ pBdzLn dgl:yltleq
n's]sf] cGtd{gsf] ;ª\s]t xf]nf . Pp6f pBdLsf nflu k};f / ;do b'j}
d"Nojfg\ x'G5g\ . ;do aaf{b ug'{ kmh'n vr{eGbf sd 3f6fsf] s'/f xf]Og .
dnfO{ nfUof], ca o:tf] s'/f n]Vg sf]l;; u¿“ jf sfd ;'? u¿“ h;af6
s]xL Visible Change jf ;sf/fTds k|ltkmn k|fKt x'g ;sf];\ .
dflg; Pp6f crDdsf] k|f0fL x'“bf] /x]5 . ug{ vf]Hof] eg] h] klg ug{
;Sg], ug{ vf]h]g eg] l;Gsf] klg ef“Rg g;Sg] . sf]xL lxdfn r9\5g\, sf]xL
tLg tnfdfly pSn“bf klg :jf“:j“F u/L yrSs a:5g\, sf]xL laxfg rf/ ah]
g} p7]/ lr;f] kfgLn] g'xfOw'jfO u/L !)÷!@ lsnf]ld6/ dlg{ª jfs u5{g\,
sf]xL !) ah];Dd ;'t]/ klg ysfO dfg{ ;Sb}gg\ . sf]xL >dhLjL c¿sf]
hUuf axfndf lnP/ ;'g pdf5{g\, sf]xL afa'sf] ;DklQ ;vfk kf5{g\, sf]xL
;d:ofsf] uf“7f] km'sfpg 3f]lTnG5g\, sf]xL of] ePg Tof] ePg eg]/ k'k{'/f]nfO{

2
 ;f]r, vf]h clg u/

bf]if lbO/xG5g\ . …;Sg'–g;Sg'Ú, …sf]l;; ug'–{ gug'{Ú / …;f]Rg'–g;f]Rg'Ú leq g}

xfd|f] of] sd{of]usf] ;+;f/ n'ls/x]sf] x'“bf] /x]5 .
o;} ;Gbe{df d}n] klg cfºgf] lrGtg, dgg / n]vgnfO{ c¿ a9L
p2]Zod"ns agfpg s] ug{ ;lsG5 eGg]af/] w]/} ;f]r“] . d}n] ljrf/ u/]“, lsg
xfdLn] ;f]r]sf]] h:tf] sfd ug{ ;s]gf}“ < d To;sf sf/0fx¿ Ps–Ps u/L
vf]tNb} uP“ . ;s];Dd cfkm"nfO{ Jofjxfl/s w/ftndf ptfg{ vf]h“] . cfkm"n]
ug{} g;Sg] sfds'/faf/] ljrf/} ul/g“ . cfkm"n] kG5fpg g;s]sf] ;d:ofnfO{
hxf“sf] ToxL“ 5f]8]/ ljsNksf] af6f] vf]Hb} uP“ . cGof]nk"0f{ /fhgLlt, ul/aL,
a]/f]huf/L, cfly{s ;ª\s6 log} g x'g\ xfd|f hl6n ;d:ofx¿ . xfdL oL ;a}
lj£gafwfx¿nfO{ Ps}rf]l6 x6fpg ;Sb}gf“} . t/ dnfO{ nfUof], lvof nfu]sf]
b]zsf] cfly{s ;+oGqdf s]xL g s]xL t]n jf n'la|s]G6 /fv]/ d]l;g rnfpg
t ;lsG5 . d}n] ;f]r]“, sd;]sd 7"nf sfdx¿ ug{ g;lsP klg Pp6f o:tf]
sfd u/f}“ h;n] ;Ifd g]kfnL o'jfx¿nfO{ pBf]uwGbfdf cfslif{t u/fpg
;sf];\ / s]xL xb;Dd b]znfO{ pBf]udo agfpg ;lsof];\.
d Ps rf]l6 cd]l/sf hf“bf slxNo} gfd g;'g]sf Ps cZj]t
gful/s af/fs cf]afdf cd]l/sfs} cUnf] /fhgLlts JolQmTj lxnf/L lSnG6g
lj?4 klxnf] r/0fsf] r'gfj n8\b} lyP . cf]afdfn] “Change—Yes, We
can” eGg] Pp6f uhasf] r'gfjL gf/f NofPsf /x]5g\ . Tof] gf/fn] dnfO{
v'a} cfslif{t u¥of] . d}n] zAbsf] 5gf]6df slt zlQm x'“bf] /x]5 eGg] a'em“] .
ToxL a]nf d}n] klg cf]afdfsf] cfsif{s gf/fnfO{ ;fk6 ln“b} d ;S5' eGg]
zLif{s /fvL g]kfnL o'jfx¿nfO{ cf}Bf]lus If]qdf cfslif{t ug{] Pp6f k':ts
k|sfzg ug]{ ljrf/ u/]“ . o;df pBf]u ;~rfng ug{sf lgldQ s]–s]
pkfox¿ ckgfpg'k5{ / s:tf–s:tf ;d:ofx¿ ;'Nemfpg'k5{ eGg]
w/ftnLo Jofjxfl/s s'/fx¿ ;d]6\g'sf ;fy} g]kfnsf tL;÷k}“tL; hgf
;kmn pBdLsf] ;ª\3if{zLn hLjgdf cfwfl/t syfx¿ ;ª\sng ug{] ljrf/
u/]“ . o;/L :jb]zd} pBf]u vf]Ng rfxg] o'jfx¿nfO{ ;f] k':tsaf6 k|]/0ff /
xf};nf lbg'sf ;fy} pgLx¿sf nflu dfu{bz{g;d]t k|bfg ug{] of]hgf agfP“ .
olb of] k':tssf] dfWodaf6 s]xL o'jfx¿nfO{ dfq ;kmn pBdLsf ¿kdf
¿kfGt/0f ug{ ;lsof] eg] cGo ;of}“ a]/f]huf/ o'jfnfO{ /f]huf/ k|bfg ug{
;lsG5 / b]zsf] cfly{s l:yltnfO{ s]xL xb;Dd 6]jf lbg ;lsG5 eGg]
dnfO{ nfu]sf] 5 .
dnfO{ s] ljZjf; nfUof] eg] of] ;fgf] k|of;n] cjZo klg xfd|f]
;dfhnfO{ s]xL g s]xL glthfd"ns k|ltkmn lbg ;S5 . d ;S5'
kl/sNkgfsf] of] aLpn] d]/f] dl:tisdf la:tf/} kl/of]hgfsf] ¿k lng
yfNof] . ToxL a]nf s'g} lbg Ps o'jf kqsf/ sdn 9sfn d]/f] 3/df
cGtjf{tf{ lng cfP . d}n] cGtjf{tf{sf] qmddf d ;S5' k':tssf] rrf{ u/]sf]

3
Df ;S5'

lyP“ . kl5 pgn] g]kfn ;dfrf/kq b}lgsdf …s0f{n] ;S5g\ M ;f]r, vf]h clg
u/Ú eGg] cleJolQmnfO{ d'Vo zLif{s agfO{ n]v k|sflzt u/] . kl5 d}n] d
;S5' d'Vo zLif{s /fvL k':tssf] pkzLif{s …;f]r, vf]h clg u/Ú /fVg]
ljrf/ u/]“ .
x'g t af]Ng]sf] dfq kL7f] laqmL x'G5 eG5g\, t/ s;}n] ux'“ g}
pdf/]g eg] kL7f] s;n], sxf“ / s;/L a]Rg] < zAbhfnaf6 cj;/sf] df5f
l6Kg] w]/} eP t/ kf]v/Ldf df5fsf e'/fx¿ 5f]8\g] rflx“ sf]xL ePgg\ . ts{–
ljts{sf] b"w dy]]/ df]xL vfg] afnuf]kfnx¿ y'k|} eP t/ ef“8fdf b"w yKg]
Ujfnfx¿ rflx“ sd . g]kfndf ug]{sf] eGbf af]Ng]sf] a9L dxŒj x'“bf] /x]5 .
uha x'GYof] …sfd ug]{n] dfq af]Ng kfpg]Ú lgod ePsf] eP . sd;]sd
xfjfbf/L s'/f ;'g]/ sfg t kfSb}gy] . cfhsfn 1fgu'gsf s'/f y'k|} ;'lgG5,
t/ Pp6f sfgaf6 leq k:5, csf]{af6 km'tkm't aflx/ lgl:s/xG5 .
kqklqsfdf w]/} n]vx¿ 5flkG5g\ t/ k9\g] rflx“ ToxL n]vs dfq x'G5 .
g]kfndf w]/} ;+jfb, kl/;+jfb / jfbljjfb x'G5, t/ sfd x“'b}g . clxn]
dfG5]x¿ yfls;s] k|ltkmnljxLg s'/f dfq ;'g]/ . t/ g]kfndf s]xL To:tf
pBdzLn JolQmx¿ klg 5g\ hf] gaf]nLsg sfd ul//x]sf 5g\ . pgLx¿n]
cfkm" / cfºgf kl/jf/nfO{ dfq xf]Og, ;d'bfonfO{ klg s]xL xb;Dd 6]jf
lbO/x]sf 5g\ . of] k':ts tL pBdzLn JolQmx¿sf] To:tf] cfTdsyf xf]
h;sf] dfWodaf6 xfdL g]kfnL o'jsx¿nfO{ pBf]u–Joj;fodf nfUg
3r3Rofpg ;S5f}“ / pgLx¿nfO{ :j/f]huf/L pBf]udf ;+nUg x'g k|]l/t ug{
;S5f}“ .
clxn] g]kfnsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] r'gf}tL ul/aL lgjf/0f / a]/f]huf/L
;d:of ;dfwfg ug{' xf] . a]/f]huf/L ;d:of ta dfq ;'lNemG5 ha b]zdf
pBf]uwGbf km:6fp“5 . ul/aL lgjf/0f / a]/f]huf/Lsf] ;d:of gjfaL vfnsf]
af}l4s jfbljjfb (Armchairs’ Intellegency) / efif0fn] ;'lNem“b}g . ul/aL
lgjf/0fsf nflu /f]huf/L rflxof], /f]huf/Lsf nflu pBf]u x'g'k¥of], pBf]usf
nflu nufgL x'g'k¥of], nufgLsf nflu C0f pknAw x'g'k¥of], C0fsf nflu
Aofª\s ;Ifd x'g'k¥of], Aofª\ssf nflu kof{Kt lgIf]k x'g'k¥of], lgIf]ksf]
lgldQ Aofª\sdf /sd hDdf x'g'k¥of] / Aofª\sdf k};f hDdf x'g hDdf ug{]
dfG5]sf] dg 9'Ss x'g'k¥of] . clg kl5 dfq Aofª\sdf k};f hDdf x'G5 .
Aofª\sdf k};f hDdf ePg eg] Aofª\sn] C0f lbg ;Sb}g . C0f lbg ;s]g
eg] pBf]u vf]Ng ;ls“b}g . pBf]u vf]Ng ;lsPg eg] /f]huf/L lbg ;ls“b}g .
/f]huf/L ePg eg] cGttM a]/f]huf/sf] df/n] ul/aL lgjf/0fsf] ;d:of
;'lNem“b}g / o;n] ubf{ b]zdf /fhgLlts l:y/tf x'“b}g .
cfly{s ;~hfn dfs'/fsf] hfn (Vicious Circle) h:t} x'G5, Pp6f
wfuf] emf]lNnof] eg] ;f/f ;+/rgf xlNnG5 clg elTsG5 . ljsf;sf] d"n

4
 ;f]r, vf]h clg u/

cfwf/ cGttM cy{ g} xf] / cy{lagf ;a} k|of; cgy{ 5 . cfly{s ljsf;sf]
/];df bu'g{] 3f]8fx¿ ;w“} pBdL g} x'G5g\, tL 3f]8fx¿ r':t x'g'k5{,
pgLx¿nfO{ t;f{P/ eufO“b}g, nufd v's'nf] kf/]/ bf}8fpg'k5{ . cfly{s
qmflGt g} ug'{ 5 eg] s]xL df]6f3f6f pBf]ukltx¿nfO{ k]n]/, lgrf]/]/ af];f]
lgsfNg'eGbf ;'gsf] c08f lbg] xf“;sf ayfgx¿sf] ;ª\Vof a9fpg'k5{ /
pgLx¿sf] of]hgfa4 tl/sfn] ;b'kof]u u/L cfly{s ljsf; ug{'k5{ . cfly{s
;|f]tsf] d'xfg s'jf / Ogf/ xf]Og, lg/Gt/ alu/xg] vf]nf] xf] . of] vf]nf]
pBf]u / Jofkf/sf] d'xfgaf6 dfq km'6\5 .
g]kfndf clxn] tLj| ultn] /fhgLlts ptf/r9fj eO/x]sf] 5 .
ef]ln s] x'G5, eGg ufx«f] 5 . ldnLh'nL ;/sf/ 5, ;femf (Common)
Ph]G8f 5}g≤ cf; 5, ljZjf; 5}g≤ /fHo 5, ;/sf/ 5}g . /fhtGqaf6
k|hftGq, k|hftGqaf6 nf]stGq, nf]stGqaf6 u0ftGq, ca km]l/ u0ftGqaf6
hgu0ftGq . Pp6f tGqsf] hu a:g kfPsf] x“'b}g, km]l/ cs{} …dgu9tGqÚ sf]
kl/sNkgf ;nanfpg yflnxfN5 . hgtfsf] gfddf /fhgLlt x'G5, t/
…hgtfÚ sf] xf], s;nfO{ hgtf eGg], cGof]n 5 .
;f“Rr} eGg] xf] eg] g]kfndf clxn] hgtfsf] kl/efiffnfO{ g}
kf6L{s/0f u/L v'DRofO;lsPsf] 5 . cfhsf] /fhgLltdf Pscsf{sf] cfnf]rgf
dfq ul/“b}g, eg]sf] s'/f ldn]g eg] ;ª\3if{ ug{] r]tfjgL lbOG5 . ax'bnLo
k|hftGqsf] d"No, dfGotf / dof{bfnfO{ dfG5' eg]/ ;a} /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿
nf]stflGqs k4ltdf cfO;s]kl5 kIf–ljkIfaLr jfbljjfb t eOxfN5 .
klxn] klg t o:tf jfbljjfb p7]s} lyP . oxL t xf] k|hftflGqs k|0ffnLsf]
sdhf]/L eg] klg jf zlQm eg] klg . ;a}nfO{ ;fydf lnP/ /fHo ;~rfng
ug{ ;Sg' g} ;Ifd g]tfsf] u'0f xf] .
;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfj eP/ dfcf]jfbLn] ;/sf/ agfPkl5 tTsfnLg
k|wfgdGqL / cy{dGqLn] …PSsfO;f}“ ztfAbLsf] ;dfhjfbsf] uGtJodf k'Ug
k'“hLjfbsf] l;“9Ldf 6]s]/ hfg'k5{Ú eg] . dnfO{ of] syg lrQ a'‰of] / d}n]
7fg]“, /fhg]tfn] af]Ng] efiff oxL xf] . pgLx¿sf] egfOdf slt Odfgbfl/tf
5, Tof] t dnfO{ yfxf 5}g . x'g t cg]s /fhgLlts g]tf / Sceptic
a'l4hLjLx¿ …of] Pp6f sk6k"0f{ /0fgLlt dfq xf]Ú eG5g\ . t/ d b]zs}
k|wfgdGqLsf] cleJolQmdf zª\sf–pkzª\sf u/]/ cfºgf] ;sf/fTds dgnfO{
gsf/fTds agfpg rfxGg“ .
…Soflk6lnhdÚ sf] dfWodaf6 …;f];lnhdÚ sf] uGtJodf k'Ug of]
cr's cfly{s gLltsf] df]8n g]kfnsf nflu dfq xf]Og, c¿ y'k|}
ljsf;f]Gd'v b]zsf nflu klg lxts/ x'g ;S5 . dnfO{ nfU5, of] Pp6f
w/ftnLo Jofjxfl/s, cfly{s / /fhgLlts jf:tljstfsf] bz{g xf] .
jf:tjdf eGg] xf] eg] of] Entrepreneurial Socialism sf] ;xL ¿k xf] .

5
Df ;S5'

;dfhjfb / k'“hLjfbsf] ºo'hg klg oxL xf] . o;df lj1fg;Ddt cy{zf:qsf]

dxŒjk"0f{ bz{g n's]sf] 5 . s'lx;s]sf] af;L ljrf/n] b]zdf kl/jt{g Nofpg
;ls“b}g . PSsfO;f}“ ztfAbLsf] ;To / ;dosf] ;fk]Ôtf Pjd\
jf:tljstfnfO{ a'em]/ / c“ufn]/ dfq o'ufGtsf/L kl/jt{g Nofpg ;lsG5 .
nfdf] k|hftflGqs /fhgLlts cEof;kl5 g]kfndf /fhg]tf aGg
nfos s]xL sl/:Dofl6s (Charismatic) JolQm lgl:sPsf lyP . t/ ljleGg
sf/0fjz pgLx¿ ;˚n x'g ;s]gg\, of] xfd|f] b'ef{Uo xf] . ;fob gftfjfbsf]
kmfObf p7fP/ jf ;fd–bfg–b08–e]b gLlt ckgfP/ Pp6f kf6L{sf] g]tf t
aGg ;lsG5, t/ Tof]eGbf cufl8sf] af6f] klxNofpg ;lsPg eg] /fhg]tf
aGg ;ls“b}g . s'g} /fhg]tf Pp6f ;d"xsf] 3]/fleq (Coterie) ;Lldt eP/
a:of] eg] p;sf] Kitchen Cabinet df ksfOPsf] bfn–eft t vfg
kfpnf, t/ /fli6«o ljljwtfsf] rf}/f;L Jo~hg vfg kfp“b}g .
Pp6f 6]lnlehg sfo{qmddf Ps hgf a'h|'s ;dfnf]rsn] …of]
dfcf]jfbL ;/sf/n] Ps lbg g]kfndf sDo'lg:6 ;dfhjfbsf] cfly{s gLlt
cjZo Nofp“5–Nofp“5, tkfO{+x¿ tof/ eP/ a:gf];\Ú eg]sf lyP . d pgsf]
sygl;t sbflk ;xdt 5}g . g]kfndf ;'wfl/Psf] ;dfhjfb cfp“5 xf]nf .
of] g]kfnsf] kl/j]zdf cfjZos klg xf] . t/ g]kfndf k/Dk/fut
oyfl:yltjfbL ;dfhjfb (Classic Communist Economic System) nfO{
nfu" ug{ ;ls“b}g / o;n] sfd klg ub}{g . dnfO{ nfU5, ;do / ;Tosf]
ckl/xfo{ zlQmlj?4 sf]xL klg hfg ;Sb}g . /fhgLlts, ;fdflhs / cfly{s
pb\ejsf] kl/0ffdjfb (Socio-economic Evolution) df h:tf];'s}
lsl;dsf] ;dfhjfb cfP klg ;docg';f/ lqmofzLn x'“b} eljiodf Ps lbg
Tof] rLgsf] h:t} Politico-sub-climax df k'U5 hxf“ Soflk6lnhd /
;f];lnhdsf] ;lDd>0f x'g}k5{ . /fhgLlt Pp6f cToGt lqmofzLn /
kl/jt{gzLn k|lqmof (Phenomenon) xf] . To;}n] kl/jt{gzLn /fhgLltdf
r/df]Tsif{ cj:yf (Climax Stage) slxNo} cfp“b}g . of] d]/f] 7DofO xf] .
Oltxf;df s'g} klg s§/kGyL …jfbÚ ;kmn ePsf] b]lvPsf] 5}g .
k'“hLjfbsf] eLidlktfdx dflgg] cd]l/sf clxn] cfly{s ;ª\s6df km;]sf] 5,
hals ;dfhjfbsf] gfddf k'“hLjfb ckgfO/fv]sf] rLg clxn] cfly{s
;d'Ggltsf] r'nLdf k'u]sf] 5 . oBlk g]kfnsf] vfN8f]df a;]/ rLgsf]
c;fwf/0f ;kmntfnfO{ klg cfnf]rgf ug]{ af}l4s g]tfx¿sf] eg] xfd|f]
b]zdf sdL 5}g . cfbz{ / l;4fGtsf] sfNklgs ;]t' agfP/ dxf;fu/ tg]{ xf]
eg] ls t ;Too'u -q]tfo'u_ sf] /fd jf xg'dfg\ aGg'k¥of], xf]Og eg]
jt{dfg ;d:ofsf] hl6n cfly{s hfnf]df clNemPsf] of] slno'usf]
/fhgLlts, ;fdflhs / cfly{s rqmJo"nfO{ tf]8\g ;Dej 5}g .

6
 ;f]r, vf]h clg u/

;/sf/n] /fd|f] sfd ug{ vf]Hbf lsg ljkIfn] xnf] c8\sfpg] sfd
u5{ g]kfndf < ha Pp6f ;/sf/n] lghL, ;fj{hlgs, ;fem]bf/L (Public
Private Partnership—PPP) sf] cjwf/0ff cufl8 ;f/]sf] lyof], …Tof] t
xfdLn] klxn] g} ug{ vf]h]sf lyof}“Ú egL lj/f]wL kIFn] cfnf]rgf u¥of] . ¿v
s;n], sxf“, s'g a]nf /f]Kof] To;df jfbljjfb lsg < ¿vdf kmn kmN5 ls
kmNb}g Tof] kf] dxŒjk"0f{ s'/f x'g'k5{ . b]z h;n] agfP klg s] eof] / <
klxn] b]z t aGg'k¥of], clg kl5 /fhgLlts /ª\ud~rdf cf–cfºgf] tfnn]
hlt 5d5d gfr] klg eOxfNof] lg †
Ps rf]l6 u0ftflGqs g]kfnsf klxnf k|wfgdGqLn] l6eL, /]l8of] /
cGo ;/sf/L ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 b]zjf;Lsf gfddf /fli6«o ;Daf]wg u/]sf
lyP . Tof] a]nf dnfO{ v';L nfu]sf] lyof], lsgeg] ;f]r k':tsdf d}n] …olb d
k|wfgdGqL eP“ eg] s]–s] u5'{Ú eg]/ Pp6f km]xl/:t (Wish-list) agfPsf]
lyP“ . To;sf] s]xL c+z ;fGble{s x'g] ePsfn]] d oxf“ k|:t't ug{ rfxG5'—
1. laxfg 5 ah] p7]/ c¿ dflg; dsxf“ cfpg'klxn] k|ltkIfL bnsf
g]tfx¿sf] 3/df Ps–Ps sk lrgL gePsf] sfnf] lrof vfg
hfGy]“ .
2. d k|wfgdGqL x'gf;fy Pp6f lj1lKt lgsfNy]“ . To;df n]lvPsf]
x'GYof], …d cfOGbf s'g} klg ;df/f]xdf efu lnGg“, s'g} klg
lbjfef]hdf hfGg“ .Ú
3. s'g} ;Dd]ngdf efu lng hfg'k¥of] eg] uf]i7Lsf] ;'?b]lv cGTo;Dd
ga;L cfºgf] eGg'kg]{ s'/f jf efif0f l;WofP/ v'?Ss kms{Gy]“ .
4. dlxgfsf] Ps rf]l6 6]lnlehgdf hgtf;dIf cfºgf] s'/f lbn vf]n]/
Odfgbf/Lk"j{s eGy]“ / x/]s dlxgf cfk"mn] s] ug{ ;lsG5,
sd;]sd b;afx«j6f eP klg of]–of] ljsf;sf] sfd u5'{ eg]/
k|lt1f uy{]+ / csf]{ dlxgfsf] efif0fdf cfkm"n] k|lt1f u/]sf
sfdx¿sf] k|ult k|ltj]bg hgtf;fd' /fVy]“ / Ps–b'Oj6f ug{
g;s]sf] eP hgtf;“u Ifdf dfUy]“ .
k|wfgdGqLsf] Tof] ;Daf]wgkl5 s;}n] …k|wfgdGqL ca /fhf aGg
vf]h]Ú egL nf~5gf nufP eg] c¿ nf]sn ;'s/ftx¿n] klg …Tof] efif0fn]
k|wfgdGqLsf] ul/df 36fof]Ú egL cfnf]rgf u/] . u0ftGqdf Pp6f
k|wfgdGqLn] cfd dflg; eP/ af]nLrfnLsf] efiffdf cfkm"n] u/]sf], ug{
rfx]sf] / ug{ g;s]sf] sfdsf] v'n]/ ;dLIff u/L hg;dIf k|ltj]bg k|:t't
ubf{ s] g/fd|f] eof] / < oxf“ Pp6f dxŒjk"0f{ k|Zg p7\5— u0ftGqsf]
k|wfgdGqLnfO{ xfdLn] s] agfpg vf]h]sf] <

7
Df ;S5'

x'g t o; k':tssf] d'Vo nIo cf}Bf]lus Ô]qdf g]tf s;/L aGg

;lsG5 eGg] dGyg ug'{ xf] . oBlk dnfO{ nfU5, g]tf b]zsf] xf];\ jf s'g}
pBf]usf], p;sf] ;f]r, vf]h / sfd ug]{ tl/sf emG8}–emG8} Ps} vfnsf]
x'g'k5{ . To;}n] d oxf“ cd]l/sfsf] qmfO;n/ (Chryslar) df]6/ sDkgLnfO{
6f6 kN6gaf6 arfP/ gf˚fdf k'¥ofpg] ˚f]8{ df]6/ (Ford Motor) sf
k"j{cWoÔ ca{klt nL cfsf]Ssfsf] syg pbfx/0f:j¿k k|:t't ug{ rfxG5' .
;g\ @))* df ;DkGg cd]l/sL /fi6«ktLo r'gfjsf] bf}8df s;nfO{
ef]6 xfNg] / s;nfO{ gxfNg] eGg] ljifodf v/f] Pjd\ :ki6jQmf nL
cfsf]Ssfn] xfn;fn} dfq g]tf 5fGg] gf}j6f “C” sf] klxrfg u/]sf lyP . of]
;"rLs/0f dnfO{ klg v'a dg k¥of] . lgDglnlvt u'0fx¿ b]zsf] g]tfsf
nflu dfq geP/ pBf]u ;~rfng ug]{ g]tfsf nflu klg Tolt g} cfjZos
k5{g\—
1. Curiosity: h'g g]tfdf lh1f;f x'“b}g To;n] slxNo} klg
a'l4dQfk"j{s zf;gsf] afu8f]/ ;DefNg ;Sb}g . Pp6f g]tfdf 1fg
/ ;Lksf] rfxgf ;w}“ x'g'kb{5 . To;n] p;sf] lbdfunfO{ ;w}“ r':t
kf5{ / eOkl/cfpg] ;d:ofnfO{ ;'Nemfpg (Crisis Management)
dbt u5{ .
2. Creativity: l;h{gzLntf g]tfsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] nÔ0f xf] . g]tf
l;h{gfTds x'g}k5{ . oxL u'0fn] p;nfO{ g]t[Tj k|bfg ug]{ Ôdtf
lbG5 .
3. Communication: olb sf]xL cfºgf] efjgf, ljrf/ / cjwf/0ff
:ki6 ¿kn] c¿;dÔ k|s6 ug{ ;Sb}g eg] pm g]tf aGg nfos
5}g egL a'‰g'k5{ . g]tfdf ;Defif0f–of]Uotf / ;+jfb–Ôdtf x'g'
cTofjZos 5 .
4. Character: rl/q Pp6f dflg;df ta dfq ljsl;t x'G5 ha
p;df 7Ls / a]7Ls tyf Gofo / cGofo 5'§Øfpg ;Sg] v'aL x'G5 .
rl/qsf] avfg ;a}n] u5{g\, t/ To;nfO{ ;don] dfq hf“Rg ;S5 .
lhDd]jf/LljxLg dflg;df of] u'0f klxNofpg ufx«f] x'G5 . rl/qsf]
klxrfg ta dfq x'G5 ha p;n] lhDd]jf/L jxg u5{ . e|i6frf/
ug]{ 7fp“ gkfP;Dd p;n] To;lj?4 s'/f ul//xG5 . t/ cj;/
ldNof] eg] p;n] 3'; vfG5 ls vf“b}g Tof] a]nf xf] p;sf] rl/q
x]g]{, hf“Rg] / tf}ng] . To;}n] ca|fxd lnª\sg eG5g\— æolb
dflg;sf] rl/q hf“Rg] xf] eg] p;nfO{ lhDd]jf/L b]pm .Æ (If you
want to test man’s character, give him power.)
5. Courage: cf“6sf] k|bz{g afx'anaf6 ul/“b}g, g t rsf]{ efif0faf6}
ul/G5 . Pp6f g]tfsf] ;fx; lj/f]wL / ljkÔL;“u 6]a'ndf

8
 ;f]r, vf]h clg u/

cfdg];fdg] a;]/ /fi6«lxtsf nflu :ki6 l8n (Deal) / sld6d]G6

(Commitment) ug{ ;Sg' xf] . To;f] ubf{ lghL, k];fut, bnut
;a} lsl;dsf :jfy{ Tofu]/ :6]6Dofgl;k b]vfpg] xf] . oxL xf]
g]tfsf] cf“6 / ;fx; .
6. Conviction: cfTdan / cfTdljZjf;lagf s'g} klg g]tfn] b]zdf
kl/jt{gsf/L sbd rfNg ;Sb}g .
7. Charisma: Pp6f o:tf] ljnÔ0f JolQmTj h;n] hg;d'bfonfO{
k|efljt kfg{ ;S5, ljZjf; lbnfpg ;S5 / cfºgf] kl5 nufpg
;S5 Tof] xf] sl/:Dofl6s g]tf . ;'lsnf] klx/g jf cfuf] cf]sNg]
eLif0f efif0fn] dfq g]tfsf] JolQmTj agfp“b}g .
8. Competent: of]Uotf / ;fdYo{ g]tfsf nflu geO{ gx'g] u'0f xf] .
xfjfbf/L xfpefpn] Ps rf]l6 dfG5]nfO{ d"v{ agfpg ;lsG5, ;w}“
xf]Og .
9. Common Sense: ljj]slagf g]tf t s] sfo{stf{ klg aGg
;ls“b}g .
;/;tL{ oL s'/fx¿ k9\bf oxf“ /fhgLlts uGw cfpg ;Snf, t/ d
s'g} /fhgLlts JolQm xf]Og . d of] b]zsf] Pp6f pBdL dfq x'“, Pp6f
gful/s dfq x'“ . Pp6f gful/sn] pBdL eP/ 9'Ss;“u pBf]u ;~rfng ug]{
xf] eg] p;n] /fHonfO{ ljZjf; ug}{k5{, csf]{ pkfo 5}g . To;}n] Pp6f
gful/s / ;/sf/aLr gª / df;'h:t} cf; / ljZjf;sf] c6'6 ;DaGw
x'g}k5{ . dnfO{ nfU5, cfºgf] ;/sf/k|lt cf; /fVg' Pp6f gful/ssf] st{Jo
xf], clg ;a} gful/snfO{ ljZjf;df lng ;Sg' ;/sf/sf] wd{ / sd{ xf] .
˚lk{ªaf6 r'gfj lht]sf k"j{k|wfgdGqL k'iksdn bfxfnn] ˚lk{ªs}
nflu s'g} sfd ug{ g;s]kl5 Toxf“sf gful/s;fd' ;fj{hlgs df˚L dfUbf
ufos cfgL 5f]OªnfO{ dg k/]sf] /x]5 . jf:tjdf Tof] dnfO{ klg v'a dg
k¥of] . t/ k|wfgdGqLh:tf] ul/dfdo JolQmn] w]/} e"n ug'{ x'“b}g / k6s–k6s
e"ndfly e"n ub}{ df˚L dflu/x“bf ;/sf/ k|d'vnfO{ ;'xfp“b}g, lsgeg]
k|wfgdGqLsf] e"n /fi6«n] wfGg ;Sb}g . g]kfnsf k|wfgdGqLx¿n] klg s]
a'lemlbg'k¥of] eg] kf6L{:t/;Ddsf] g]tf aGg] xf] eg] ;fob ;fd–bfg–b08–
e]bsf] gLlt ckgfpg ;lsPnf, t/ /fli6«o :t/sf] /fhg]tf aGg] xf] eg] b'O{
s/f]8 krf; nfvsf] dg lhTg}k5{ / To;sf nflu Value Based Politics
ug}{k5{ .
jf:tjdf g]kfnsf g]tfx¿ Tolt nf6f 5}gg\ . lhGbuLe/ ;fd–bfg–
b08–e]bsf cg]s /fhgLlts v]n v]n]/ kf]Vt ePsf oL v]nf8Lx¿df b]zdf

9
Df ;S5'

s'g sfd ubf{ /fd|f] x'G5, s'g sfd ubf{ g/fd|f] x'G5, To;sf] /fd|f] x]Ssf 5 .
ljsf;sf ultljlwnfO{ …lqm:6n lSno/Ú ¿kn] 5n{ª\u b]Vg ;Sg] oL g]tfx¿
˚ut cfºgf] bnut :jfy{sf nflu hgtfnfO{ lj/f]wfef;sf] sfnf] r:df
nufOlbP/ cndNofpg dfq vf]lh/x]sf 5g\ . kÔsf] xf];\ of ljkÔsf], b;f}“
jif{ zf;g u/]/ s]xL ug{ g;s]sfx¿ / /fHoJoj:yfkgsf] s'g} cg'ej
gePsf g]tfx¿;d]t emLgf–dl;gf s'/fx¿ p7fP/ lj/f]w / ljıf]x ug]{
r]tfjgL lbO/xG5g\ .
eGg] a]nfdf /fhgLltdf l:y/tf gcfO{sg cfly{s ljsf; x'“b}g
eG5g\, t/ ;w}“ ;/sf/ 9fNg] /f]u (Anti-establishment Syndrome) n]
b]znfO{ u|l;t agfO/fVg] xf] eg] slxn] l:y/tf cfpg] < d of] u'gf;f]
af/Daf/ cf˚"n] lrg]sf g]tfx¿;dÔ u5'{ . of] cfhsf] dfq ;d:of xf]Og,
lxhf] klg oxL ljs[t /fhgLlts k/Dk/f sfod lyof] .
b]z lgdf{0f / ljsf;sf s'/fx¿ ;ª\s'lrt dgsf] w/ftnaf6 ;f]Rg'
x'“b}g . dx“uf] Nofk6k, df]afOn, uf8L / 3/h:tf tkl;nsf s'/f p7fP/
cfnf]rgf ug{'eGbf k|wfgdGqL, dGqL / ;ef;b\x¿n] b]zdf s] of]ubfg u/] /
slt k|ltkmn lbP eGg] dxŒjk"0f{ k|Zg p7fpg' hfoh x'G5 . olb lrKnf]
uf8L / 7"n7"nf dxn ljnfl;tfsf ;"rs x'g\ eg] s'g} lhDdf g} glnO{sg
vfln lj/f]wsf nflu lj/f]w dfq ul//xg' klg s] u}/lhDd]jf/Lkgsf]
ljnfl;tf xf]Og / <
b]zdf rf}tkmL{ ljsf; ug'{k5{ eGb}df ljsf; x'“b}g, ljsf; s;/L
ug]{ Tof] xf] uxg k|Zg . k|ltkmnlagfsf] ;f]r / sd{sf] s'g} cy{ x'“b}g . x'g t
/fhgLltsf] rrf{–kl/rrf{ ug{' xfdLh:tf sfd u/L vfg] u}//fhgLlts cfd
dfG5]sf] k];f xf]Og t}klg ug{] s] < b]zleqs} Pp6f efuaf6 csf{] efudf
hfg g;s]kl5, Pp6f g]kfnL g]kfnleq} aGws eP/ af“Rg'kg{] cj:yf
ePkl5, d'n'sdf clwsf+z ;do nf]8;]l8ª ePkl5, lbgk|ltlbg cTofjZos
j:t'x¿sf] efp csfl;Pkl5 clg ckx/0f Pjd\ cfk/flwsLs/0fh:tf
3[l0ft lqmofsnfksf] Jofkfl/sLs/0f x'g nfu]kl5 sf] b]zdf pBf]uwGbf
;~rfng ug{ rfxG5 / < clxn] b]zsf] ljsf; z"Go 5, k|ult 36\bf] 5,
;d:of a9\bf] 5, dfxf}n cGof]nu|:t 5 .
lah'nL, OGwg, k|b"if0f cflb ;d:ofx¿ t Ps g Ps lbg ;'lNemP/
hfnfg\ /], t/ cGof]nk"0f{ Pjd\ ljifd /fhgLlts, ;fdflhs Pjd\ cfly{s
cj:yfsf] s;/L cGt ug{] < hlt;'s} ;sf/fTds ;f]r /fv] klg cr]n 3fd
tfK5' eg]/ v'Nnf 7fp“df hf“bf afSnf] afbn / x':;'n] ;"o{sf] Gofgf]
ls/0fnfO{ 5]s]em}“ ;f/f tg / dg s7\ofª\lu|Ph:tf] x'G5 . Ps hgf ;fyL
eGy]— æklxn]–klxn] af]Ng gkfP klg cln vfg kfOGYof]≤ clxn] t af]Ng
klg kfOGg, vfg klg kfOGg .Æ

10
 ;f]r, vf]h clg u/

cfhsfn hxf“ uP klg aGb, x8tfn, rSsfhfd cflbn] d'6'nfO{ g}

s¥ofss'?s kfl/lbG5 . slxn]sfxL“ dg ?G5 a'4sf] hGd:yndf cl:y/tfsf]
/fkn] zflGtsf] au}“rfdf bgbg cfuf] aln/x]sf] b]v]/ . 3/af6 sxL“ aflx/
lg:s“bf s'g} g s'g} bf]af6f], rf}af6f]df 6fo/ afn]/ jfo'nfO{ k|b"if0f ul//x]sf]
b]lvG5, ;fj{hlgs ;DklQsf] tf]8kmf]8 eO/x]sf] x'G5, clg aRrfb]lv
jo:s;Dd tL pR5[ª\vn lqmofsnfkdf /dfO/x]sf x'G5g\ . eG5g\—
cfhsfn pR5[ª\vntf klg Pp6f k];f alg;s]sf] 5 /] . s'g} klg c;Gt'i6
;d"x jf kf6L{n] lj/f]w ug{–u/fpg rf≈of] eg] oL pR5[ª\vn hdftnfO{
k|of]u u5{g\ /] . xf]–xf]Og dnfO{ yfxf 5}g .
oBlk of] c“Wof/f] ;fdflhs kl/kf6Lleq klg olb xfdLn] cfºgf]
;sf/fTds b[li6n] lgofn]/ x]g{ ;Sof}“ eg] sxL“ cf; / ljZjf;sf ls/0fx¿
klg ;nanfP/ cfPsf] b]lvG5 . slt /fd|f] x'“bf] xf] olb oL o'jf hgzlQmleq
n'ls/x]sf] qmflGtdo hf]; / hf“u/nfO{ ljsf;sf sfddf kl/rfng ug{
;s]sf] eP . o;af6 slt 7"nf] pmhf{ k|fKt x'“bf] xf] † ha o'jfx¿ cfºgf]
cfqmf]znfO{ v'Nndv'Nnf JoQm ug{ ;S5g\ eg] pgLx¿df cjZo klg 7"nf]
zlQm / u'0f n'ls/x]sf] x'G5 . pgLx¿df a'l4 5, hf]; 5, hf“u/ 5, cfsfª\Iff
5 clg clenfiff 5 . s] b]zn] pgLx¿sf] Tof] pmhf{do zlQmnfO{ cf}Bf]lus
IF]qdf kl/rfng ug{ ;Sb}g / <
of] k':tsdf klxn] /fhgLltdf nfu]sf Ps o'js bLks yfkfsf]
cfTdsyf klg ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 . /fhgLltdf nfUbf pgL cfºgf] dgsf
s'/fx¿nfO{ :ki6 ¿kn] cleJoQm ug{ ;Sg] eP, cGofosf] ;fdgf ug{ ;Sg]
eP, ts{–ljts{ ug{ ;Sg] eP / kl5 oxL rfl/lqs u'0fn] pgnfO{ pBF]u–
Jofkf/sf] IF]qdf w]/} dbt u¥of] . g]kfndf clxn] y'k|} bLksh:tf Ifdtfjfg\
o'jfx¿ 5g\ . pgLx¿n] b]zleq cGt/s'Gt/df n'ls/fv]sf ;|f]t / ;fwgsf]
;b'kof]u u/L cf}Bf]lus ;Defjgfsf 9f]sfx¿ vf]Ng ;s] eg] c¿ ;fwf/0f
dflg;x¿n] eGbf rf“8} / a9L ;kmntf xfl;n ug{ ;S5g\ . ;8sdf 9'Ëf
xfGg] xftn] pBf]uL d]l;g rnfpg ;s] eg] cfºgf nflu, kl/jf/sf nflu /
;dfh / b]zs} nflu 7"nf] pknlAw x'g ;S5 .
qmflGtsf/L lqmofsnfkdf nfu]sf o'jfx¿n] Pp6f s] s'/f lrGtg
ug{'k5{ eg] s'g} g s'g} sfdsf nflu lj/f]w ubf{ Toxf“ s;} g s;}sf]
clwsf/ cltqmldt eO/x]sf] x'G5 . s;}n] cfºgf] JolQmut, k];fut /
kf6L{ut pknlAwsf nflu ljb|f]x ul//x“bf pgLx¿n] c¿sf] xs / lxtnfO{
klg ldRg'kg{] x'G5 . 6fo/ afn]/ sfo{stf{ dfq aGg ;lsG5, t/ qmflGtsf]
pmhf{nfO{ pBf]udf nufgL ul/of] eg] g]tf algG5 .
/fi6«df ljz'4 /fhgLlts lqmofsnfk / dfgj clwsf/sf lgldQ
cjZo klg o'jfx¿ nflukg{'k5{, o;df s'g} zª\sf 5}g . t/ cfGbf]ngsf]

11
Df ;S5'

gfddf /ge'Nn k/]sf s]xL ;Ifd o'jfx¿n] cfkm"leq n'ls/fv]sf] hf];, hf“u/
/ af}l4s IfdtfnfO{ cfTd;ft\ u/L k|ToIF ¿kn] b]zljsf;df kl/rfng ug{
;Sg'k5{ . o;f] ug{] xf] eg] pgLx¿ cfºgf] lhGbuLsf] cy{k"0f{ uGtJodf k'Ug
;S5g\ / o;n] b]zdf rf“8} cfly{s qmflGt Nofp“5 . To;}n] pBF]usf] If]qdf
oL o'jfx¿nfO{ ;/sf/n] cfslif{t u/fpg}k5{ .
clxn] g]kfndf cGof]nu|:t kl/l:yltsf sf/0f gof“ pBf]u v'Ng'sf]
;§f rln/x]sf snsf/vfgfx¿ klg aGb eO/x]sf 5g\ . o;n] ubf{ :jb]zdf
sfd ug{ rfx“bfrfx“b} klg dflg;x¿ ljb]zL e"lddf cfºgf] efUo vf]Hg
ljjz 5g\ . pgLx¿nfO{ bf]if klg s;/L lbg] < dfgj;Eotfsf] Oltxf;nfO{
kN6fP/ x]g]{ xf] eg] dflg;x¿ cfºgf] / cfºgf ;Gtfgsf] ;'lglZrt Pjd\
;'/lIft eljiosf nflu Ps 7fp“af6 csf{] 7fp“df ;w}“ a;fO“;/fO
ul//xG5g\ . of] ck|fs[lts dfgjLo :jefj xf]Og . gftfjfb / s[kfjfbh:tf
k|fs[lts dfgjLo :jefj (Social Behaviour) sf] of] kfkaf6 xfdL sf]xL
klg c5't 5}gf}“, l;afo uf}td a'4 / dxfTdf ufGwL h;nfO{ k'Hg t ;lsG5
t/ cg';/0f ug{ ;ls“b}g . oBlk /fi6«sf lglDt sfd u5{' eg]/ k|lt1f u/]sf
g]tfx¿ gftfjfb / s[kfjfbsf] ;f“3'/f] 3]/faf6 pDsg ;s]gg\ eg] pgLx¿
/fli6«o :t/sf g]tf aGg ;Sb}Gfg\ .
b]zdf s'g} cj;/ gkfPkl5 /f]huf/L vf]Hg ljb]z hfg] /
c;'/Iffsf sf/0f cGo d'n'sdf pBf]u–Jofkf/ ug{ hfg]x¿sf] cfnf]rgf ug{]
7fp“ 5}g . jf:tjdf eGg] xf] eg] cfºgf] hGde"ld 5f]8]/ ljb]zdf sfd ug{
hfg' eg]sf] Tolt ;lhnf] 5}g . cf“6 gePsf] dflg;n] Tof] sfd ug{ ;Sb}g .
sf]xL cfºgf] kl/jf/, cfºgf] 3/ Tofu]/ ljb]zdf sfd ug{ vf]H5 eg]
To;nfO{ xfdLn] sdhf]/ 7fGg' x“'b}g . jf:tjdf Tof] dflg;df s]xL g s]xL
zlQm cjZo n's]sf] x'G5 .
ljb]zdf a;]/ klg y'k|} cfk|jf;Lx¿n] Ifdtfcg';f/ dft[e"ldnfO{
;xof]u ul//x]sf 5g\ . olb g]kfnL k|jf;Lx¿ klg ef/tsf ;'k|l;4 Pg=
cf/= cfO{= nIdL ldQn / :j/fh kf}nh:tf pBf]uklt aGg ;s] eg] of]
b]zsf] OHht / ;Ddfg a9\g]5 . of] c;Dej ;kgf xf]Og . ev{/–ev{/ t
g]kfnLx¿ ljb]zdf hu a;fNb} 5g\ . To;}n] Ps}rf]l6 ljb]z hfg]x¿nfO{
knfogjfbL eGg ldNb}g . ;'vL, zfGt, ;DkGg / ;kmn eP/ af“Rg] clwsf/
;a}sf] x'G5 . ljb]z hf“bf wg dfq xf]Og 1fg, ;Lk, cg'ej / k|ljlw klg
sdfOG5 . o;n] hLjge/ dflg;nfO{ sdfO lbG5 . sltko pBdLx¿n]
ljb]zdf /f]huf/L u/]/ g]kfndf cfO{ cfkm"n] sdfPsf] k};f nufgL u/]/
km"naf/Lb]lv s[lifhGo pBf]u ;'? u/L ;kmntf xfl;n u/]sf 5g\ .
b]zdf ljBdfg lg/fzfhgs kl/l:yltsf sf/0f ;fob g]kfnsf y'k|}
pBdLx¿nfO{ pgLx¿sf Oi6ldq / cfkmGthgx¿n] b]zaflx/ uP/

12
 ;f]r, vf]h clg u/

pBf]uwGbf lsg ;~rfng gu/]sf] egL ;Nnfx cjZo lbPs} xf]nfg\, t/

pgLx¿ ljb]z knfog x'g rflx/x]sf 5}gg\, lsgeg] pgLx¿ g]kfnd} a;]/
pBf]uwGbf ug{ rfxG5g\ . x'g t pgLx¿ cfºg} afWotf / :jfy{sf sf/0f
ljb]z guPsf klg x'g ;S5g\ . Tof] :jfy{ xf] pgLx¿sf] cfºgf] klxrfg /
jf;:yfgk|ltsf] df]x . lhGbuLe/ pgLx¿ of] b]zdf df}/L eP/ af“r]≤ ;w}“
ldlxg]t u/L dx agfP, s]xL cfkm"n] vfP, s]xL c¿nfO{ v'jfP / lbge/
kl/>d u/]/ cfºg} rfsfleq kms{]/ cfP . ca pgLx¿ ljb]zdf s;/L lem“uf
eP/ af“Rg ;S5g\ < pgLx¿ of] b]zdf emf“luPsf j/kLkn eP/ km}ln;s]sf
5g\ eg] ca 3f“; eP/ s;/L a:g ;S5g\ < oL sd{of]uL pBdLx¿nfO{
/fi6«jfbL / b]zk|]dL eGg ldNnf–gldNnf cfºg} 7fp“df 5 t/ klg pgLx¿sf]
OR5f / rfxgfsf] ;/fxgf ug{}k5{ .
jf:tjdf pBF]u Pp6f dx agfpg]h:t} k|lqmof xf] . To;}n] of]
k':tsdf d}n] dx agfpg] df}/LnfO{ g} gfos agfPsf] 5' . df}/Ln] au}“rfdf
3'dL–3'dL km"nx¿af6 /; r';]/ dx agfp“5, t/ p;n] slxNo} klg km"nnfO{
xflg k'¥ofp“b}g . emg\ pN6} Cross Pollination u/]/ km"n / la?jfx¿sf]
k|hggdf dbt u5{ tfls jghª\undf h}ljs ljljwtf sfod /lx/xf];\ .
c¿n] dx vfP eg]/ df}/Ln] dx agfpg] sfd /f]Sb}g . c¿n] hlt;'s} dx
vfP klg pm dx agfp“b} hfG5 . df}/L lbgel/ jghª\un rxf5{, ldlxg]t
u5{ clg cfºgf] rfsfdf kms{G5 . df}/L ;d"xdf a:5 . s;}n] p;sf]
jf;:yfgdf xflg–gf]S;fgL gu/];Dd p;n] xtktL c¿dfly xdnf ub}{g .
df}/L cfkm" af“r];Dd dx agfpg] sfddf nflu/xG5 . d/0fkZrft\ p;n]
agfPsf] rfsfaf6 pRr:t/Lo d}g aG5 h'g nfdf] ;do;Dd aN5 / h;n]
;'ulGwt af:gf 55{ . df}/Ln] h:t} Pp6f ;kmn pBdLn] klg hLjge/
>dhLjL eP/ sfd ub}{ ;dfhnfO{ ;Sbf] of]ubfg k'¥ofp“5 / d/0fkZrft\
klg p;n] :yfkgf u/]sf] pBf]uaf6 ;dfhn] lr/sfn;Dd kmfObf
p7fO/xG5 . To;}n] d}n] of] k':tssf] cfj/0fdf df}/Lsf] tl:a/ /fv]sf] x'“ .

13