mendeskripsikan dan menarasikan data beserta hasilnya, pendekatan kualitatif lebih banyak digunakan. Bahwa dalam mendeskripsikan hasil penelitian tersebut dapatdigunakan jenis deskripsi kuantitatif, dan tidak terbatas pada deskripsi kualitatif.
PENGERTIAN PENELITIAN TINDAKAN
Untuk memahami penelitian tindakan, berikut disajikan beberapa definisi penelitiantindakan.1.
 Action research is small scale intervention in the funtioning of the real world and a close examination of the effects of such intervention
(Halsey dalam Cohen andManion, 1994: 186)2.Hopkins (1985: 32) menyajikan beberapa definisi:a.
 Action research aims to contribute both the practical concerns of people in animmediate problematic situation and to the goals social science by joint collaboration within a mutually acceptable ethical frame workÂ
(Rapoport,1970)Â b.
 Action research is a form self-
reflective
inquiry undertaken by participants in social (including educational) situation in order to improve the rationalityand justice of (a) their own social or educational practices, (b) their understanding of these practices, and (c) the situation in which the practicesare carried out. It is most rationally empowering when undertaken by participants collaboratively, though it is often undertaken by individuals, and  sometimes in cooperation with ’outsiders’. In education, action research hasbeen employed in school-based curriculum development programs, and  systems planning and policy developmentÂ
(Stephen Kemmis, 1983).c.
 Action research is about the systematic study of attempts to improveeducational practices by groups of participants by means of their own practical actions and by means of their own reflection upon the effects of those actions
(Dave Ebbutt, 1983)d.
 Action research is the study of social situation with a view to improving quality of action within itÂ
(Elliot yang dikutip Dave Ebbutt).e.
... action research is the way group of people can organise the conditionsunder which they can learn from their own experience
(Kemmis yang dikutipoleh Dave Ebbutt).f.
 Action research is trying out an idea in practice with a view to improving or changing something, trying to have a real effect on the situation
(Kemmisyang dikutip oleh Dave Ebbutt).3.
 Action research is any systematic inquiry conducted by teacher researchers, principals, shool counselors, or other stakeholders in the teaching/learning invironment, to gather information about the ways that their particular school operate, how they teach, and how well their students learn. This information is gathered with the goals of gaining insight, developing reflective practice,effecting positive changes in the school environment (and on educational  practices), and improving student outcomes and the life of those involvedÂ
(Mills,2000: 6).
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