OsteomyelitisDefinition:
Infection of the bone and surrounding tissues, most commonly caused byStaphylococcus Aureus. It can be either acute or chronic. This disorder usually occursas a result of an infection in one part of the body that is transported through thebloodstream to a bone in a distant location.
Also Known As:
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Hematogenous Osteomyelitis
Incedence
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Osteomyelitis affects about 2 in 10,000 people.
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Acute osteomyelitis is rare in children. It's estimated that one in every 1,000children under the age of one will develop acute osteomyelitis.
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The condition is even less common in children over one, with one in every 5,000children affected.
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For example, it's estimated that between 30% and 40% of people with diabetes,who experience a puncture injury to the foot, will develop osteomyelitis. One inevery 200 people with sickle cell anaemia (a hereditary blood condition) willdevelop osteomyelitis in any given year.
Risk Factors
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Trauma
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Diabetes
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Hemodialysis
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Splenectomy
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Advanced age- ↓Immune function
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Poor circulation
Manifestation
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Pain and/or tenderness in the infected area
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Swelling and warmth in the infected area
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Fever
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Nausea, secondarily from being ill with infection
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General discomfort, uneasiness, or ill feeling
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Drainage of pus through the skinAdditional symptoms that may be associated with this disease include:
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Excessive sweating
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Chills
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Lower back pain (if the spine is involved)
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Swelling of the ankles, feet, and legs
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Changes in gait (walking pattern that is a painful, yielding a limp)
Types
There are three main types of osteomyelitis:
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Acute osteomyelitis,
where the bone infection develops within two weeksof an initial infection, injury or the onset of an underlying disease.
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Sub-acute osteomyelitis,
where the bone infection developswithin one ot two months of an initial infection, injury or onset of anunderlying disease.
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Chronic osteomyelitis,
where the bone infection develops two months or more after an initial infection, injury or onset of an underlying disease.
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Stages of Osteomyelitis
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF OSTEOMYELITIS
SEKELETAL
Risk Factors:
-trauma-diabetes-hemodialysis-splenectomy
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