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Free from; http://www.reciprocalsystem.com/rs/satz/cover.htm (PDF made on 24 July 2009)

Ronald W. Satz

R

ECIPROCAL

S

YSTEM

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YNAMICS

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ONALD

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.

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ATZ

Some Myths of Modern Physics

White Lies About Black Holes

A Tall Tale: A Review of Stephen W. Hawking‘s

A Brief History of Time

Four Scientific Mysteries Unraveled

Reference Systems

Reference Systems and Speed Limits in the Reciprocal System The Lorentz Transformation The Two-Photon Problem A Note on Scalar MotionA Note on the Force of the Space-Time Progression On the Nature of Undisplaced Space-Time Clock Space, Coordinate Space, Clock Time, Coordinate Time

Particle Physics

Cosmic Rays and Elementary Particles Identification of Cosmic Particles 3695 MeV/c² and 3105 MeV/c² A Note on the Cosmic Proton The Cohesive Energies of Crystals of the Elements Progress on the Theoretical Calculation of the Cohesive Energy of the ElementsEquation of State of Solid Matter Further Mathematics of the Reciprocal System

A New Derivation of Planck‘s Constant

Time Region Particle Dynamics Calculation of the Dissociation Energy of Diatomic Molecules The Liquid State in the Reciprocal System: The Volume/Pressure Relation, part I The Liquid State in the Reciprocal System: The Volume/Pressure Relation, part II

Electricity and Magnetism

Permittivity, Permeability and the Speed of Light in the Reciprocal System The Unit of Magnetic Charge Photoionization and Photomagnetization Theory of Electrons and Currents

Astrophysics

Hubble‘s Law and the Reciprocal System

Globular Cluster Mechanics in the Reciprocal System Stellar Energy Generation in the Reciprocal System The Gravitational Attraction of the Galaxy

Discussion of Larson‘s Gravitational Equation

The Gravitational Formula at High Velocities

A Crucial Experiment

The Interaction of Alpha Particles and Gold Atoms Proving Rutherford WrongA Proposal for a Crucial Experiment More Calculations with the R.S. Scattering EquationDetailed Steps for the Design and Performance of the Proposed CrucialExperiment More Details for the Proposed Crucial Experiment

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Reciprocal System Dynamics by Ronald w. Satz

Kip Thorne introduces his article on black holes in Scientific American by stating:
Or all the conceptions of the human mind from unicorns to gargoyles to the hydrogen bomb per... (More) Kip Thorne introduces his article on black holes in Scientific American by stating:
Or all the conceptions of the human mind from unicorns to gargoyles to the hydrogen bomb perhaps the most fantastic is the black hole: a hole in space with a definite edge over which anything can fall and nothing can escape; a hole with a gravitational field so strong that even light is caught and held in its grip; a hole that curves space and warps time. Like the unicorn and the gargoyle, the black hole seems much more at home in science fiction or in ancient myth than in the real universe. Nevertheless, the laws of modern physics virtually demand that black holes exist. In our galaxy alone there may be millions of them.
Thorn is saying that because the ―laws‖ of modern physics require them, black holes must exist. However, it is more rational to conclude that those ―laws‖ which give rise to the gargoyles, unicorns, and black holes of physics are wrong—that, as ordinarily expected, deductions from false premises yield bizarre results. Let us now investigate how such concepts as the black hole arose historically. The theory of the black hole stems from the theories of general relativity, the nuclear atom, and the hydrogen-to-helium conversion process in stars.
In the 1930s, Subrahmanyon Chandrasekhar‘s investigation of stellar evolution and structure led him to conclude that, in the process of converting hydrogen to helium, most stars lose energy and contract until internal pressures become great enough to cause collapse of atomic structure. Back in 1924, Sir Arthur Eddington had suggested that the high density of the white dwarf companion of the bright star Sirius was due to ―electron degeneracy,‖ with all electrens stripped from individual atoms. Chandrasekhar seemed to provide an explanation of how this could occur.
At this point someone might have pointed to a simpler solution: perhaps the nuclear atom concept was incorrect because of the grave difficulty in explaining the high density of the white dwarfs. Perhaps atoms do not have electrons circling around ihem at relatively large distances. Perhaps the postulated hydrogento-helium conversion process in stars was incorrect...
Chandrasekhar believed that a ―non-relativistic gas‖ at the center of a white dwarf could always adjust itself until the gravitational forces compressing the star are countered. liowever, according to the theory of general relativity, with a certain limiting mass, the gravitational forces are net countered fully and so the star does not come into equilibrium. The limiting mass, termed the Chandrasekhar limit, has been calculated to be 1.2 solar masses.²
Oppenheimer and Volkoff considered what would happen to stars of mass larger than the Chandrasekhar limit. As the central density increases, inverse beta decay would take place, driving electrons into protons. Thus increasingly rich neutron elements would be formed—giving rise to a ―neutron star.‖ Recently astronomers have concluded that the pulsars are neutron stars. (Less)

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Category:	Research > Science
Rating:	(2 Ratings)
Upload Date:	07/24/2009
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Tags:	black holes cosmic rays lorentz transformation reciprocal theory spacetime progression (more tags) black holes cosmic rays lorentz transformation reciprocal theory spacetime progression the quark theory scalar motion equation of state for solid matter new derivation of planck‘s constant time region particle dynamics the unit of magnetic charge hubble‘s law in the reciprocal system gravitational attraction of the galaxy (fewer)

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