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ContentsTopicsPages1Introduction31.1 Definition of abortion31.2 Methods of abortion31.3 Risk of abortion41.4 Abortion in Islamic jurisprudence41.5 Abortion in ethics perspective61.6 Punishment for abortion72The permitted and prohibited abortion 82.1 Case 1: Abortion for Raped Woman82.2 Case 2: Abortion when pregnancy will cause death of themother 102.3 Case 3: Abortion: Foetus with deformities and chronic disease133.1 Case 4: Abortion due to adultery164Conclusion225Bibliography24
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Introduction
 Definition of abortion
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Abortion is the act of terminating pregnancy. It is any action with the aim of expelling thefetus inside a woman’s womb before the end of the natural period of gestation. However, it isimportant to be aware of the differences between abortion and miscarriage, where miscarriage isspontaneous due to physical injury of the woman or as a result of internal biomedical factors.
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The main issue that has caused debate throughout the whole academic world is of abortion.
Methods of abortion
There are various methods used to abort a fetus. One of them is by using the dilation andcurettage (D&C) method which is normally used to treat various uterine conditions in non- pregnant women. However, as an abortion procedure, it tears the unborn child from the uteruswall by stretching open the mother’s cervix. To check if there are any fetal parts still in thewomb, a nurse has to examine the baby’s remains. Another method is the vacuum aspiration, alsoknown as the suction abortion and is the most common early – usually up to 12 weeks- surgicaltechnique. The cervix must be stretched open to allow the surgeon to insert a plastic tube into thewomb. Sharp-edged openings near the tip of the tube help to dismember the baby so the parts aresmall enough to be sucked out. The surgeon then uses the suction tube to evacuate the placentafrom the womb. The remains of the baby are deposited in a jar for disposal. This is the techniquethat abortion promoters call “safe, early abortion”. Hysterotomy is another abortion procedure,although it is relatively rare, it is essentially the same as a caesarian section birth. The mother’sabdomen is cut open and the child – typically still alive – is removed from the womb. Aside fromthis, there is also the salt-poisoning technique, where a concentrated salt solution is injected intothe amniotic fluid, killing the baby by acute salt poisoning. This technique is used after 16weeks. It takes over an hour for the baby to die. After 24 hours, the mother goes into labor and
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Abul Fadl Mohsin Ebrahim. Biomedical Issues in Islamic Perspective. (1993). (pg. 121).
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delivers the dead child. The last technique is an alternative late abortion by using a drug named prostaglandin. It causes powerful contractions of the womb, expelling the fetus and usually killshim or her in the process. In later abortions, doctors inject a further drug, such as the poison ureainto the womb, to ensure that the baby does not survive.
 Risk of abortion
There are countless risks to the woman when a decision is made to do an abortion. For instance, when stretching the mother’s cervix, there is a possibility of the death or prematuredelivery of a baby in a subsequent pregnancy. There is the risk of haemorrhage and sepsis. Asidefrom that, hysterotomy brings dangerous possibilities such as peritonitis, the rupture of theoperation scar in a future pregnancy, thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Abortion by salt- poisoning brings huge danger to a mother. Although the prostaglandin method is more expensive,it is also risky: the possibility of getting haemorrhage, infection and retention of the placenta.
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 Abortion in Islamic Jurisprudence
The Muslim community cannot be left out in this issue as it affects the human race as awhole. They must return to the fundamental sources of Islam; the Holy Quran and the Hadith, asit plays a vital and leading role in the daily affairs of the Muslim life. It should be noted thatthere is actually no verse in the Holy Quran that refers specifically to abortion. However, thereare many very meaningful verses from which the validity of abortion according to the Islamic juridical literature can be derived. For example,“And indeed, We have honored the Children of Adam,… ” (17:70)
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Retrieved from http://www.spuc.org.uk/ethics/abortion/methods
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Muhammad Taqiud-Din al-Hilali, Muhammad Muhsin Khan. The Noble Qur’an English Translation of theMeanings. (p. 378).
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