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How SCSI Works
byTracy V. WilsonandJeff Tyson
 
A computer is full of 
busses
-- highways that take information and power from one place to another.For example, when you plug an MP3 player or digital camera into your computer, you're probably usingauniversal serial bus(USB) port. Your USB port is good at carrying the data and electricity required for small electronic devices that do things like create and store pictures and music files. But that bus isn'tbig enough to support a whole computer, a server or lots of devices simultaneously.
SCSI devices usually connect to a controller card like this one.
For that, you'd need somethingmore like
SCSI
. SCSI originally stood for 
Small Computer System Interface
, but it's really outgrownthe "small" designation. It's a fast bus that can connect lots of devices to a computer at the same time,includinghard drives, scanners,CD-ROM/RW drives, printersand tape drives. Other technologies, like serial-ATA (SATA), have largely replaced it in new systems, but SCSI is still in use. This article willreview SCSI basics and give you lots of information on SCSI types and specifications.
SCSI Basics
SCSI is based on an older, proprietary bus interface called
Shugart Associates System Interface
(SASI). SASI was originally developed in 1981 by Shugart Associates in conjunction with NCRCorporation. In 1986, the
American National Standards Institute
(ANSI) ratified SCSI (pronounced"scuzzy"), a modified version of SASI. SCSI uses a
controller 
to send and receive data and power toSCSI-enabled devices, likehard drivesandprinters.
 
SCSI connector 
SCSI has several benefits. It'sfairly fast, up to 320 megabytes per second (MBps). It's been around for more than 20 years and it'sbeen thoroughly tested, so it has a reputation for being reliable. Like Serial ATA andFireWire, it letsyou put multiple items on one bus. SCSI also works with most computer systems.
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