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Geographical names
This list shows the spellings and pronunciations for the names ofcountries,regions,continents,seas and oceans which you may see when you are reading English.Eachname is followed by the adjective that you use when talking about the noun (e.g.
Belgium
is a country in Europe.
Belgian
chocolate comes from Belgium).Usually,the word meaning ‘a person from this country’is a noun that is exactly the same as theadjective (so someone from
Belgium
is a
Belgian
).Ifthe word for a person isdifferent from the adjective,it is shown in the list below after the adjective (e.g.
Finland
,
Finnish
,
Finn
).To talk about more than one person from a country,just add ‘s’(e.g.one
Belgian
,two
Belgians
),except for :•words ending in ‘
ese
’or ‘
s
’- these stay the same (e.g.
Chinese
,
Swiss
)•words ending in ‘
man
’or ‘
woman
’- these change to ‘
men
’or ‘
women
’(e.g.one
Irishman
,two
Irishmen
).This list is only here to help you with spelling and reading.Not all ofthese words arenames ofcountries.Some ofthem are continents or regions.Ifa name is included ornot included here,that does not necessarily mean that it is or is not an official country.The list also includes some old names ofcountries,because you may still find thesenames when you are reading.
Name Adjective Person
(if different from adj)
Afghanistan
/fn..stn/
Afghan
/f.n/
Africa
/f.r.kə/
African
/
f.r.kən/
Alaska
/əls.kə/
Alaskan
/əls.kən/
Albania
/lbe.ni.ə/
Albanian
/lbe.ni.ən/
Algeria
/ldə.ri.ə/
U
/
-
dr.i
-
/
Algerian
/ldə.ri.ən/
U
/
-
dr.i
-
/
Central America
/
sen.trəl.əmer..kə
/
Central American
/
sen.trəl.əmer..kən
/
North America
/
nɔθ.əmer..kə
/
North American
/
nɔθ.əmer..kən
/
South America
/
saυθ.əmer..kə
/
South American
/
saυθ əmer..kən
/
Andorra
/ndɔ.rə/
Andorran
/ndɔ.rən/
Angola
/ŋəυ.lə/
U
/
-
oυ
-
/
Angolan
/ŋəυ.lən/
U
/
-
oυ
-
/
Antarctica
/ntɑk.t.kə/
U
/
-
tɑrk
-
/
Antarctic
/ntɑk.tk/
U
/
-
tɑrk
-
/
(not applicable)
Antigua and Barbuda Antiguan
/nti.ən//nti.ə[r].ən.bɑbju.də/
U
/
-
bu
-
/
The Arctic
/ði ɑk.tk/
U
/
-
ɑrk
-
/
Arctic
/ɑk.tk/
U
/ɑrk
-
/
(not applicable)
Argentina
/ɑ.dənti.nə/
U
/ɑr
-
/
Argentinian
/
ɑ.dəntn.i.ən/
U
/ɑr
-
/
Argentine
/ɑ.dən.tan/
U
/ɑr
-
/
Armenia
/ɑmi.ni.ə/
U
/ɑr
-
/
Armenian
/ɑmi.ni.ən/
U
/ɑr
-
/
Asia
/
e.ə
/
Asian
/
e.ən
/
The Atlantic
/ði.ətln.tk/
U
/
-
tk/
Atlantic
/ətln.tk/
U
/
-
tk/
(not applicable)
Australasia
/
ɒs.trəle.ə
/
U
/ɑ.strə
-
/
Australasian
/
ɒs.trəle.ən
/
U
/ɑ.strə
-
/
Australia
/ɒstre.li.ə/
U
/ɑstrel.jə/
Australian
/ɒstre.li.ən/
U
/ɑstrel.jən/
Austria
/ɒs.tri.ə/
U
/ɑ.stri
-
/
Austrian
/ɒs.tri.ən/
U
/ɑ.stri
-
/
Azerbaijan
/z.ə.badɑn/
U
/ɑ.z
-
/
Azerbaijani
/z.ə.badɑ.ni/
U
/ɑ.z
-
/
Azeri
/əzeə.ri/
U
/
-
zer.i/
The Bahamas
/ðə.bəhɑ.məz/
Bahamian
/bəhe.mi.ən/
Bahrain
/bɑren/
Bahraini
/bɑre.ni/
The Balkans
/ðəbɔl.kənz/
U
/
-
bɑl
-
/
Balkan
/bɔl.kən/
U
/
-
bɑl
-
/
(not applicable)
The Baltic
/ðəbɔl.tk/
U
/
-
bɑl
-
/
Baltic
/bɔl.tk/
U
/
-
bɑl
-
/
(not applicable)
Bangladesh
/bŋ.lədeʃ/
Bangladeshi
/bŋ.lədeʃ.i/
Barbados
/bɑbe.dɒs/
U
/bɑrbe.doυs/
Barbadian
/bɑbe.di.ən/
U
/bɑr
-
Belarus
/bel.ərus/
Belorussian
/bel.ərʃ.ən/
Belgium
/bel.dəm/
Belgian
/bel.dən/
Belize
/bəliz/
Belizean
/bəli.zi.ən/
Benin
/benin/
Beninese
/ben.niz/
Bermuda
/bəmju.də/
U
/b
-
/
Bermudan
/bəmju.dən/
U
/b
-
/
1534
 
Bhutan
/butɑn/
Bhutanese
/bu.təniz/
Bolivia
/bəlv.i.ə/
Bolivian
/bəlv.i.ən/
Bosnia-Herzegovina Bosnian
/bɒz.ni.ən/
U
/bɑz
-
//bɒz.ni.əht.səɒv..nə/
U
/bɑz.ni.əhert.səoυvi.nə/
Botswana
/bɒtswɑ.nə/
U
/bɑt
-
/
Botswanan
/bɒtswɑ.nən/
U
/bɑt
-
/
singular =
Motswana
/mɒtswɑ.nə/
plural =
Batswana
/btswɑ.nə/
Brazil
/brəzl/
Brazilian
/brəzl.i.ən/
Brunei
/bruna/
Bruneian
/bruna.ən/
Bulgaria
/bleə.ri.ə/
U
/
-
er.i
-
/
Bulgarian
/bleə.ri.ən/
U
/
-
er.i
-
/
Burkina Faso
/bki.nəfs.əυ/
U
Burkinabe
/bki.nəbe/
U
/b
-
//b
ki.nəfɑ.soυ/
Burma
/b.mə/
U
/b
-
/
See also
Burmese
/bmiz/
U
/b
-
/
Myanmar
/mjn.mɑ
r
/
Burundi
/bυrυn.di/
Burundi
/bυrυn.di/
Burundian
/bυrυn.di.ən/
Cambodia
/kmbəυ.di.ə/
U
/
-
boυ
-
Cambodian
/kmbəυ.di.ən/
U
/
-
boυ
-
/
Cameroon
/km.ərun/
Cameroonian
/km.əru.ni.ən/
Canada
/kn.ə.də/
Canadian
/kəne.di.ən/
Cape Verde
/kepvd/
U
/
-
v
d/
Cape Verdean
/kepv.di.ən/
U
/
-
v
.di
-
/
The Caribbean
/ðəkr.bi.ən/
U
Caribbean
/kr.bi.ən/
U
/ker.bi
-
//ker.bi
-
/
The Cayman Islands
/ðəke.məna.ləndz/
Cayman Islander
/ke.məna.lən.də
r
/
The Central African Republic Central African
/sen.trəlf.r.kən//ðəsen.trəlf.r.kən.rpb.lk/
Chad
/tʃd/
Chadian
/tʃd.i.ən/
Chile
/tʃl.i/
Chilean
/tʃl.i.ən/
China
/tʃa.nə/
Chinese
/tʃaniz/
Colombia
/kəlm.bi.ə/
Colombian
/kəlm.bi.ən/
Comoros
/kɒm.ə.rəυz/
U
/kɑ.mə.roυz
Comoran
/kəmɔ.rən/
U
/kɑ.mə
-
/
The Democratic Republic of Congo Congolese
/kɒŋ.əliz//ðədem.ə.krt.k rpb.lk.əv.kɒŋ.əυ/
U
/
-
krt.k rpb.lk.əvkɒŋ.oυ/
The Republic of Congo Congolese
/kɒŋ.əliz//ðərpb.lk.əvkɒŋ.əυ/
U
/
-
oυ/
Costa Rica
/kɒs.təri.kə/
U
/kɑ.stə
-
/
Costa Rican
/kɒs.təri.kən/
U
/kɑ.stə
-
/
Côte d'Ivoire
/kəυt.divwɑ/
U
Ivorian
/avɔ.ri.ən//koυt.divwɑr/
Croatia
/krəυe.ʃə/
U
/kroυ
-
/
Croatian
/krəυe.ʃən/
U
/kroυ
-
/
Croat
/krəυ.t/
U
/kroυ
-
/
Cuba
/kju.bə/
Cuban
/kju.bən/
Cyprus
/sa.prəs/
Cypriot
/sp.ri.ət/
The Czech Republic
/ðətʃek.rpb.lk/
Czech
/tʃek/
Denmark
/den.mɑk/
U
/
-
mɑrk/
Danish
/de.nʃ/
Dane
/den/
Djibouti
/dbu.ti/
U
/
-
ti/
Djiboutian
/dbu.ti.ən/
U
/
-
ti
-
/
Dominica
/dɒmn..kə//dəmn.
-
/
U
Dominican
/dɒm.ni.kən/
U
/dɑm
-
//dɑ.mni
-
/ /dəmn.
-
/
The Dominican Republic Dominican
/dəmn..kən//ðə.dəmn..kən rpb.lk/
East Timor
/istti.mɔ
r
/
U
/
-
mɔr/
East Timorese
/ist .ti.mɔriz/
U
/
-
mɔr
-
/
Ecuador
/ek.wə.dɔ
r
/
U
/
-
dɔr/
Ecuadorian
/ek.wədɔ.ri.ən/
Egypt
/i.dpt/
Egyptian
/dp.ʃən/
El Salvador
/elsl.və.dɔ
r
/
U
/
-
dɔr/
Salvadoran
/sl.vədɔ.rən/
England
/ŋ.lənd/
English
/ŋ.lʃ/
Englishman
/ŋ.lʃ.mən/
Englishwoman
/ŋ.lʃwυm.ən/
Equatorial Guinea
/ek.wə.tɔ.ri.əl n.i/
Equatorial Guinean
/ek.wə.tɔ.ri.əl n.i.ən/
U
/
-
tɔr.i
-
/
Eritrea
/er.tre.ə/
U
/
-
tri
-
/
Eritrean
/er.tre.ən/
U
/
-
tri
-
/
Estonia
/estəυ.ni.ə/
U
/
-
toυ
-
/
Estonian
/estəυ.ni.ən/
U
/
-
toυ
-
/
Ethiopia
/i.θiəυ.pi.ə/
U
/
-
oυ
-
/
Ethiopian
/i.θiəυ.pi.ən/
U
/
-
oυ
-
/
Europe
/
jυə.rəp
/
U
/jυ
-
/
European
/
jυə.rəpi.ən
/
U
/jυr.ə
-
/
Fiji
/fi.di/
Fijian
/fdi.ən/
Finland
/fn.lənd/
Finnish
/fn.ʃ/
Finn
/fn/
The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonian
/ms.ədəυ.ni.ən/
U
/
-
doυ
-
/
Macedonia
/ðəfɔ.məju.ə.slɑv.rpb.lk.əvms.ədəυ.ni.ə/
1535
GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES
Name Adjective Person
 
France
/frɑnts/
U
/frnts/
French
/frentʃ/
Frenchman
/frentʃ.mən/
Frenchwoman
/frentʃwυm.ən/
Gabon
/bɒn/
U
/
-
oυn/
Gabonese
/b.əniz/
Gambia
/m.bi.ə/
Gambian
/m.bi.ən/
Georgia
/dɔ.də/
U
/dɔr
-
/
Georgian
/dɔ.dən/
U
/dɔr
-
/
Germany
/d.mə.ni/
U
/d
-
/
German
/d.mən/
U
/d
-
/
Ghana
/ɑ.nə/
Ghanaian
/ɑne.ən/
Gibraltar
/dbrɔl.tə
r
/
U
/
-
brɑl.t
/
Gibraltarian
/db.rɔlteə.ri.ən/
U
/
-
rɑlter.i
-
/
Greece
/ris/
Greek
/rik/
Greenland
/
rin.lənd
/
Greenlandic
/
rinln.dk
/
Greenlander
/
rin.lən.də
r
/
U
/
-
d
/
Grenada
/rəne.də/
Grenadian
/rəne.di.ən/
Guatemala
/wɑ.təmɑ.lə/
U
/
-
tə
-
/
Guatemalan
/wɑ.təmɑ.lən/
U
/
-
tə
-
/
Guinea
/n.i/
Guinean
/n.i.ən/
Guinea-Bissau
/n.i.bsaυ/
Guinea-Bissauan
/n.i.bsaυ.ən/
Guyana
/an.ə/
Guyanese
/a.əniz/
Haiti
/he.ti/
U
/
-
ti/
Haitian
/he.ʃən/
Holland
/hɒl.ənd/
U
/hɑ.lənd/
Dutch
/dtʃ/
Dutchman
/dtʃ.mən/
Dutchwoman
/dtʃwυm.ən/
Honduras
/hɒndjυə.rəs/
U
/hɑndυr.əs/
Honduran
/hɒndjυə.rən/
U
/hɑndυr.ən/
Hong Kong
/hɒŋkɒŋ/
U
/hɑŋkɑŋ/
Hong Kong
/hɒŋkɒŋ/
U
/hɑŋkɑŋ/
Hungary
/hŋ.ə.ri/
Hungarian
/hŋeə.ri.ən/
U
/
-
er.i/
Iceland
/as.lənd/
Icelandic
/asln.dk/
Icelander
/a.slən.də[r]/
U
/
-
/
India
/n.di.ə/
Indian
/n.di.ən/
The Indian Ocean
/ðin.di.ənəυ.ʃən/
Indonesia
/n.dəni.ə/
Indonesian
/n.dəni.ən/
Iran
/rɑn//
-
rn/
Iranian
/re.ni.ən/
Iraq
/rɑk//
-
rk
Iraqi
/rɑk.i//
-
rk
-
Ireland
/aə.lənd/
U
/ar
-
/
Irish
/aə.rʃ/
U
/a
-
/
Irishman
/aə.rʃ.mən/
U
/a
-
/
Irishwoman
/aə.rʃwυm.ən/
U
/a
-
/
Israel
/z.rel/
U
/z.ri.əl/
Israeli
/zre.li/
Italy
/t.ə.li/
U
/t
-
/
Italian
/tl.jən//
-
i.ən/
Ivory Coast
/a.və.rikəst/
U
/
-
kost/
Ivorian
/
avɔ.ri.ən/
Jamaica
/dəme.kə/
Jamaican
/dəme.kən/
Japan
/dəpn/
Japanese
/dp.əniz/
Jordan
/dɔ.dən/
U
/dɔr
-
/
Jordanian
/dɔde.ni.ən/
U
/dɔr
-
/
Kazakhstan
/kz.kstɑn/
U
/kəzɑk
-
/
Kazakh
/kz.k/
U
/kəzɑk/
Kenya
/ken.jə//ki.n
-
/
Kenyan
/ken.jən/
Kiribati
/kr.əbs/
Kiribati
/kr.əbs/
North Korea
/nɔθ.kəri.ə/
U
/nɔrθ
-
/
North Korean
/nɔθ.kəri.ən/
U
/nɔrθ
-
/
South Korea
/saυθ.kəri.ə/
South Korean
/saυθ.kəri.ən/
Kuwait
/kjuwet/
U
/ku
-
/
Kuwaiti
/kjuwe.ti/
U
/kuwe.ti/
Kyrgyzstan
/k.stɑn/
U
/k
-
/
Kyrgyz
/k.z/
U
/k
-
/
Laos
/laυs/
Laotian
/laυ.ʃ
ə
n/
Latvia
/lt.vi.ə/
Latvian
/lt.vi.ən/
Lebanon
/leb.ə.nən/
Lebanese
/leb.əniz/
Lesotho
/ləsu.tu/
Sotho
/su.tu/
(singular noun)
Mosotho
/məsu.tu/
(plural noun)
Basotho
/
bəsu.tu/
The Levant
/
ðə.ləvnt
/
Levantine
/lev.ən.tan/
Liberia
/labə.ri.ə/
U
/
-
br.i
-
/
Liberian
/labə.ri.ən/
U
/
-
br.i
-
/
Libya
/lb.i.ə/
Libyan
/lb.i.ən/
Liechtenstein
/lk.tən.stan/
Liechtenstein
/lk.tən.stan/
Liechtensteiner
/lk.tən.sta.nə
r
/
U
/
-
n
/
Lithuania
/lθ.jue.ni.ə/
U
/
-
u
-
/
Lithuanian
/lθ.jue.ni.ən/
U
/
-
u
-
/
Luxembourg
/lk.səm.b/
U
/
-
b
/
Luxembourg
/lk.səm.b/
U
/
-
b
/
Luxemburger
/lk.səm.b.ə
r
/
U
/
-
b
.
/
Macedonia
/ms.ədəυ.ni.ə/
U
/
-
doυ
-
/
Macedonian
/ms.ədəυ.ni.ən/
U
/
-
doυ
-
/
Madagascar
/md.əs.kə
r
/
U
/k
/
Malagasy
/ml.əs.i/
1536
GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES
Name Adjective Person
of 00

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