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Windows Vista (pronounced/
ˈ
v
ɪ
stə/) is a line of operating systemsdeveloped by Microsoftfor use onpersonal computers, including home and businessdesktops, laptops,Tablet PCs, andmedia centerPCs. Prior to its announcement onJuly 22, 2005, Windows Vista was known by itscodenameLonghorn.
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Development wascompleted onNovember 8,2006; over the following three months it was released in stages to computer hardware and software manufacturers, business customers, andretail channels. OnJanuary 30, 2007, it was released worldwide,
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 and was madeavailable for purchase and download fromMicrosoft's website.
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The release of Windows Vista came more than five years after the introduction of its predecessor,Windows XP, the longest time span between successive releases of Microsoft  Windows.Windows Vista containsmany changes and new features, including an updatedgraphical user interfaceandvisual styledubbedWindows Aero, improvedsearching  features, new multimedia creation tools such asWindows DVD Maker, andredesigned networking, audio, print, and display sub-systems. Vista also aims toincrease the level of communication between machines on ahome network , usingpeer-to-peertechnology to simplify sharingfilesanddigital mediabetween computers and devices. Windows Vista includes version 3.0 of the.NET Framework ,which aims to make it significantly easier forsoftware developersto writeapplications than with the traditionalWindows API.Microsoft's primary stated objective with Windows Vista, however, has been toimprove the state of security in the Windows operating system.
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One common
 
criticism of Windows XPand its predecessors has been their commonly exploitedsecurity vulnerabilitiesand overall susceptibility tomalware,virusesandbuffer  overflows. In light of this, Microsoft chairmanBill Gatesannounced in early 2002 a company-wide "Trustworthy Computinginitiative" which aims to incorporatesecurity work into every aspect of software development at the company. Microsoftstated that it prioritized improving the security of Windows XPandWindows  Server 2003above finishing Windows Vista, thus delaying its completion.
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While these new features and security improvements have garnered positivereviews, Vista has also been the target of much criticism and negative press.Criticism of Windows Vistahas targeted high system requirements, its morerestrictive licensing terms, the inclusion of a number of newdigital rights managementtechnologies aimed at restricting the copying of protected digitalmedia, lack of compatibility with certain pre-Vista hardware and software, and thenumber of authorization prompts forUser Account Control. As a result of these andother issues, Windows Vista has seen adoption and satisfaction rates lower thanWindows XP.
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[edit
 
] DevelopmentThe Windows Vista Codename (Longhorn) logoMicrosoft began work on Windows Vista, known at the time by its codenameLonghorn in May 2001,
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five months before the release of Windows XP. It wasoriginally expected to ship sometime late in 2003 as a minor step between WindowsXP and Blackcomb, which was planned to be the company's next major operatingsystem release. Gradually, "Longhorn" assimilated many of the important newfeatures and technologies slated for Blackcomb, resulting in the release date beingpushed back several times. Many of Microsoft's developers were also re-tasked tobuild updates to Windows XP and Windows Server 2003 to strengthen security.
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Faced with ongoing delays and concerns aboutfeature creep, Microsoft announced
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