Embed Doc
Copy Link
Readcast
Collections

CommentGo Back

Download

50 item Pharmacology Exam

Source: Saunders Q&A Review 3

edition1.

A client with myasthenia gravis reports the occurrence of difficultychewing. The physician prescribes pyridostigmine bromide (Mestinon)to increase muscle strength for this activity. The nurse instructs theclient to take the medication at what time, in relation to meals?a.

after dinner daily when most fatiguedb.

before breakfast dailyc.

as soon as arising in the morning

thirty minutes before each meal

Pyridostigmine is a cholinergic medication used to increase muscle strengthfor the client with myasthenia gravis. For the client who has difficultychewing, the medication should be administered 30 minutes before meals toenhance the client’s ability to eat.2.

A client is advised to take senna (Senokot) for the treatment of constipation asks the nurse how this medication works. The nurseresponds knowing that it:

accumulates water in the stool and increases peristalsis

stimulates the vagus nervec.

coats the bowel walld.

adds fiber and bulk to the stoolSenna works by changing the transport of water and electrolytes in the largeintestine, which causes the accumulation of water in the mass of stool andincreased peristalsis.3.

A client is receiving heparin sodium by continuous intravenousinfusion. The nurse monitors the client for which adverse effect of thistherapy?a.

decreased blood pressureb.

increased pulse rate

ecchymoses

tinnitusHeparin sodium is an anticoagulant. The client who receives heparin sodiumis at risk for bleeding. The nurse monitors for signs of bleeding, whichincludes bleeding from the gums, ecchymoses on the skin, cloudy or pink-tinged urine, tarry stools, and body fluids that test positive for occult blood.4.

A client is being treated for acute congestive heart failure (CHF) andthe client’s vital signs are as follows: BP 85/50 mm Hg; pulse, 96

bpm; respirations, 26 cpm. The physician prescribes digoxin (Lanoxin).To evaluate a therapeutic effectiveness of this medication, the nursewould expect which of the following changes in the client’s vital signs?a.

BP 85/50 mm Hg, pulse 60 bpm, respirations 26 cpm

BP 98/60 mm Hg, pulse 80 bpm, respirations 24 cpm

BP 130/70 mm Hg, pulse 104 bpm, respirations 20 cpmd.

BP 110/40 mm Hg, 110 bpm, respirations 20 cpmThe main function of digoxin is inotropic. It produces increased myocardialcontractility that is associated with an increased cardiac output. This causes arise in the BP in a client with CHF. Digoxin also has a negative chronotropiceffect (decreases heart rate) and will therefore cause a slowing of the heartrate. As cardiac output improves, there should be an improvement inrespirations as well.5.

Diazepam (Valium) is prescribed for a client with anxiety. The nurseinstructs the client to expect which side effect?

incoordination

coughc.

tinnitusd.

hypertensionValium, a benzodiazepine, can cause motor incoordination and ataxia andsafety precautions should be instituted for clients taking this medication.6.

A client receives oxytocin (Pitocin) to induce labor. During theadministration of the oxytocin, it is most important for the nurse tomonitor:a.

urinary output

fetal heart rate

central venous pressured.

maternal blood glucosePitocin produces uterine contractions. Uterine contractions can cause fetalanoxia. The nurse monitors the fetal heart rate and notifies the physician of any significant changes.7.

A clinic nurse is performing assessment on a client who is being seenin the clinic for the first time. When asking about the client’smedication history, the client tells the nurse that he takes nateglinide(Starlix). The nurse then questions the client about the presence of which disorder that is treated with this medication?a.

hypothyroidismb.

insomnia

type 2 diabetes mellitus

renal failureNateglinide (Starlix) is an antidiabetic medication used to treat type 2diabetes mellitus in clients whose disease cannot be adequately controlledwith diet and exercise. It stimulates the release of insulin from beta cells of the pancreas by depolarizing beta cells, leading to an opening of calciumchannels. Resulting calcium influx induces insulin secretion.8.

A client who is taking rifampin (Rifadin) as part of the medicationregimen for the treatment of tuberculosis calls the clinic nurse andreports that her urine is a red-orange color. The nurse tells the clientto:a.

come to the clinic to provide a urine sampleb.

stop the medication until further instructions are given by thephysicianc.

take the medication dose with an antacid to prevent this adverseeffect

expect a red-orange color in urine, feces, sweat, sputum,and tears as a harmless side effect

Rifampin (Rifadin) is an antitubercular medication used in conjunction with atleast one other antitubercular agent for initial treatment or retreatment of tuberculosis. Urine, feces, sputum, sweat, and tears may become red-orangein color. The client should also be told that soft contact lenses may becomepermanently stained as a result of this harmless side effect. There is nouseful reason for the client to provide a urine sample. The client is not told tostop a medication. Antacids are not usually taken with a medication becauseof interactive effects.9.

A nurse is caring for a client with a tracheostomy that has beendiagnosed with a respiratory infection. The client is receivingvancomycin hydrochloride (Vancocin) 500 mg intravenously every 12hours. Which of the following would indicate to the nurse that theclient is experiencing an adverse effect of the medication?

decreased hearing acuity

photophobiac.

hypotensiond.

bradycardiaVancomycin hydrochloride (Vancocin) is an antibiotic. Adverse and toxiceffects include nephrotoxicity characterized by a change in the amount orfrequency of urination, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and increased thirst;ototoxicity characterized by hearing loss due to damage to the auditorybranch of the eight cranial nerve; and red-neck syndrome from too rapidinjection of the medication characterized by chills, fever, fast heartbeat,