EE 106 DC Generators

Part 3

Types of DC Generators
Separately-Excited Self-Excited
Series Shunt Compound
Long shunt Short shunt

Separately Excited DC Generator

The Magnetization Curve:

Example 1:

Self-Excited Shunt Generator

Equivalent Circuit:

Compound Generator
Short shunt: Long Shunt:

Self-Excited DC Generator: Voltage Build-up

Family of Field-resistance Lines and Corresponding Operating Points

Effect of Speed on Voltage Build-up

Example 2:

a)

From the curve, 156 V -> 4.7 A (approx.)

b)

From the curve, 140 V -> 3.2 A (approx.)

c)

Establishing arbitrary points:

The arbitrary points: (0 A, 0 V) & (2.1 A, 100 V) Drawing a straight line, the intersection is 130 V. d) Draw a tangent line (the critical resistance line) and use arbitrary point on the line:

e)

Plotting the above points as portion of the curve, the intersection with the field-resistance line is approximately 116 V.

f)

***End of the Problem ***

Example 3

The Generated Voltage of Compound DC Generators:

Example 4

Series-Field Diverter

Example 5

Losses in DC Generators:
Copper Losses
Armature Cu Loss Field Cu Loss
Hysteresis Eddy Current Friction Loss Windage Loss

Total Losses

Iron Losses Mechanical Losses

Power Flow Diagram of a DC Generator

Power Stages and Efficiency of DC Generators

Paralleling DC Generators

One-Line Diagram:

Procedure: 1. Close the generator disconnect switch of the incoming machine. 2. Start the prime mover and adjust it to rated speed 3. Adjust the voltage of the incoming machine to be a few volts higher than the bus voltage 4. Close the generator breaker. 5. Turn the shunt field rheostat of the incoming machine in the raise voltage direction, and that of the other machine or machines on the bus in the lower voltage direction until the desired load distribution is attained. Load distribution is indicated on the respective ammeters; wattmeters are not used.

Division of Incoming Bus-Load Between DC Generators in Parallel

For optimum performance, the voltage regulation should be the same.

For stability of operation, the voltage regulation should be between 3 and 8 percent.

Characteristic Triangle as a Tool for Solving Load-Distribution Problems:

VR Vrated Vbus 100 I I rated

Example 6

Fig. 12.19:

a)

Example 7

- End of Part 3 -