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dm_r {ddoH$mZX H$m OrdZ Ama gXoe/2

dm_r {ddoH$mZX
gmYeVr g_mamoh

dm_r {ddoH$mZX OmJV ^maV Ho$ ^{d`X>m

dm_r {ddoH$mZX Zo n{_r Xoem| Ho$ dmg H$s ewAmV Ho$ g_`
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H$mo _V!' `h nhcm dMm[aH$ AmXmocZ Wm&
"^maV OmJmo ! {dd OJmAmo !!' ^maV H$mo {X`o CZHo$ Bg gXoe
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dm_r {ddoH$mZX Ho$ OrdZ Ama gXoem| go o[aV Xygam dMm[aH$
AmXmocZ 1963 _| H$Q> hAm, O~ nyao Xoe Zo CgmhnydH$ CZH$s
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_maH$ H$mo _yV$n XoZo Ho$ {c`o EH$OwQ> hAm&
3/

dm_r {ddoH$mZX H$m OrdZ Ama gXoe

dm_r {ddoH$mZX H$s 150 dt O`Vr na "dm_r {ddoH$mZX

gmYeVr g_mamoh' Ho$ Zm_ go {H$`m Om ahm ^` Am`moOZ CZHo$ oaH$
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A{dmWu `wdmAm| na H|${V) H$mo OmJV H$a ghr {Xem XoZo Ho$
{cE godm, dm`m`, gwajm Ama dmdc~Z&

dm_r {ddoH$mZX H$m OrdZ Ama gXoe/4

2.

gd{YZr - _{hcmAm| Ho$ {cE Am`m_

OrdZ Ho$ g^r jom| _| _{hcmAm| H$s ^mJrXmar ~T>mZo Ho$ {b`o;
r j_Vm Ho$ gdYZ Ama g_mZ Ho$ {cE epV, gH$ma,
dm`m` Ama godm&
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{cE Am`m_)
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{dmg&


5/

dm_r {ddoH$mZX H$m OrdZ Ama gXoe

AZwH$_
^maV OmJmo .......................................................................... 7
~MnZ................................................................................. 8
lram_H$U Ho$ MaUm| _| ....................................................... 10
n[admOH$ g`mgr ............................................................. 13
H$`mHw$_mar _| A{Vr` `mZ.............................................. 15
npM_r {j{VO na ^maV H$m "kmZ gy`' ............................... 18
{dO`momgnyU ^` dmngr Ama A{Vr` dmJV ................... 24
""^maV OmJmo, {dd OJmAmo'' - gXoe .....................................
H$moc~mo go A_moS>m VH$ .................................................... 30
epV gdYZ .................................................................... 32
Y_ ^maV H$s Am_m ........................................................ 35
nwZWmZ H$m _mJ ............................................................. 36
{Z>mdmZ npM_r {e`m| H$m _hd ........................................ 41
""_ gd _Zw`m| H$mo o[aV H$$Jm''..................................... 43
dm_rOr H$m AQy>Q> ^maV-o_ .............................................. 46

dm_r {ddoH$mZX H$m OrdZ Ama gXoe/6

dm_r {ddoH$mZX H$m

OrdZ Ama gXoe

^maV OmJmo !

CR>mo ! OmJmo ! c` m{ VH$ H$mo _V !

Amo ! `wdm ^maV !
`m Amn `h X`^oXr AmmZ gwZ aho h?, ""CR>mo, OmJmo''!
`h dhr d{Z h, {OgH$s Bg am> H$mo H$~ go Vrjm Wr&
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am>^V {hXy g`mgr, dm_r {ddoH$mZX!
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gdoXZercVm Ama Am`mp_H$Vm Ogo _y` AnZm AmYma ImoVo Om aho Wo&
7/

dm_r {ddoH$mZX H$m OrdZ Ama gXoe

^maV^y{_ {OgZo BZH$mo AnZo am>r` OrdZ _| CVmam Wm, Eogm

cJZo cJm {H$ BZ g{X`m| nwamZo _y`m| na A{dmg Ho$ H$maU d` Jhao
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_hmZ {dMmaH$ Ama Zmo~c nwaH$ma {dOoVm lr adrZmW R>mHw$a Zo
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m` Ama nmm`
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{dkmZ Ama A`m_
H$m AZyR>m {_lU Wm&


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dm_r {ddoH$mZX, (ZaoZmW Xm, `m Ho$dc ZaoZ, {Og Zm_ go

do AnZo g`mgr OrdZ go nhco OmZo OmVo Wo,) H$m O_ H$mocH$mVm _|
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H$U g_r, {dH$_ gdV 1919, `wJmX 4965) _H$a gH$mpV Ho$
{XZ, {Ogo H$mc gH$_U Ho$ {cE ew^ _mZm OmVm h, hAm Wm& Xm
n[adma YZr, Hw$crZ Ama CXmaVm d {dmm Ho$ {cE n[a{MV Wm& {dZmW
dm_r {ddoH$mZX H$m OrdZ Ama gXoe/8

Xm H$mocH$mVm C `m`mc` _| AQ>mZu - EQ> - cm Wo& do EH$ {dMmaH$,

A{V CXma, Jar~m| Ho$ {V ghmZw^y{V aIZodmco, Ym{_H$ d gm_m{OH$
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am`nwa _| ahZm nS>m Ohm Amg-nmg H$moB {dmc` Zht Wm, {H$emoa ZaoZmW
9/

dm_r {ddoH$mZX H$m OrdZ Ama gXoe

H$mo AnZo _mVm-{nVm Ama H${V Ho$ gmW n`m g_` {~VmZo Ho$ {cE {_cm&
EH$ ~ma {H$gr EH$ g~Yr Ho$ CH$gmZo na CgZo AnZo {nVm go nyN>m, ""_oao
{cE AmnZo `m gn{m aIr h?'' {nVm Cgo XnU Ho$ gm_Zo co JE Ama
H$hm, ""Vw_ d` H$mo XoImo, gwJ{R>V eara, VoOdr AmI|, {ZS>a _Z Ama
nZr ~w{ - `m `o g~ _oar Xr hB gn{m Zht h?'' ~MnZ go hr Bg Vah
Ho$ gH$mam| Zo ZaoZmW H$mo CgH$s `wdmdWm VH$ nhMm`m&
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Vmo CZ_| O_OmV A`m_ H$s d{m Ama mMrZ Ym{_H$ nanamAm| Ed
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_| gwI nmZo H$m `mg {H$`m& ~g_mO {ZamH$ma ~ H$mo _mZVm Ama
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Z H$aZm dm^m{dH$ h, naVw Z H$aHo$ emV ah OmZm n`m Zht
hmoVm& H$moB ^r Z AV _| AZwgYmZ H$m oaH$ hmoZm Mm{hE& ZaoZmW
AZoH$ `mV Ym{_H$ ZoVmAm| go Bg Z H$mo coH$a {_co, qH$Vw Ch|
CZgo AnZo Zm| H$m gVmofOZH$ Cma Zhr {_cm& naVw, Bg H$ma H$s
^|Q> go CZH$s Am`mp_H$ ~oMZr Ama ^r ~T> JB Wr&
dm_r {ddoH$mZX H$m OrdZ Ama gXoe/10

Bg XwJ_ _moS> na CZHo$ MMoao ^mB am_M Xm Zo Cho X{jUoa _|

ahZodmcr _hmZ Am_m lram_H$U na_hg go ^|Q> H$aZo Ho$ {cE mogm{hV
{H$`m& Bg H$ma gZ 1881 _| BZ Xmo _hmZ Am_mAm| H$s _hmZ Eo{Vhm{gH$
^|Q> hB - AmYw{ZH$ ^maV H$m gV Ama CZHo$ gXoem| H$m dmhH$& ZaoZmW
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Zo Cma {X`m, ""hm, _Zo Cgo dgo hr XoIm h Ogo _ `hm Vwh| XoI ahm
h, ~pH$ Ama ^r A{YH$ VrdVm go&'' AVV `h EH$ `pV Wm,
{OgZo ZaoZmW H$mo AnZo AZw^d Ho$ AmYma na AmV {H$`m {H$
Ba H$m ApVd h& A~ Vmo Bg g` H$mo naIZo Ho$ {cE lram_H$U
H$m AZw g aU H$aZm hr eo f Wm& {e` H$m {ejU ma ^ hmo J`m&
Ogo lram_H$U Zo ZmZm H$ma go ZaoZmW H$s narjm br Cgr
Vah ZaoXZmW Zo ^r lram_H$U H$mo naIm& 1884 _| ZaoZmW Ho$
{nVm H$m {ZYZ hmo J`m& ZaoZmW Ho$ n[adma H$mo AZoH$ H${R>ZmB`m
Ama AS>MZo PocZr nS>t& ZaoZmW {OgZo A^r VH$ AnZo OrdZ _|
Mwa gnVm H$m AZw^d {H$`m Wm& A~ Cgo A`V {ZYZVm H$m
AZw^d hAm& Bg A`V {ZYZVm Ama n[adma Ho$ H$> Zo Cho lram_H$U
H$s ghm`Vm _mJZo Ho$ {cE C_wI {H$`m& R>mHw$a Zo gwPm`m {H$ nm[adm[aH$
H$>m| Ho$ {ZdmaU Ho$ {cE X{jUoa _| _m H$mcr go d` hr mWZm H$ao&
ZaoZmW Zo A^r VH$ Ba Ho$ gmH$ma ApVd H$mo drH$ma Zht {H$`m
Wm& {\$a ^r CZHo$ Ka Ho$ H$>m| Ho$ H$maU Cho _{Xa _| OmZm nS>m& O~
do _{Xa _o JE, Vmo Chm|Zo XoIm {H$ {M_`r _m daXmZ XoZo Ho$ {cE p_V
_wm _| IS>r hwB h& ZaoZmW Zo {H$gr ^r Vah ^yI {_Q>mZo H$s ^rI Z

11/

dm_r {ddoH$mZX H$m OrdZ Ama gXoe

_mJH$a, kmZ, dam` Ama ^pV H$s hr mWZm H$s& lram_H$U Zo Ch|
VrZ ~ma _m H$s eaU _| ^oOm Ama VrZm| ~ma Chm|Zo Z A Ho$ ~mao _| _mJm
Ama Z H$moB ^m{VH$ ghm`Vm H$s mWZm H$s& AVV lram_H$U Zo AmerdmX
{X`m {H$ CZHo$ n[adma H$mo gmYmaU d Ama ^moOZ H$s H$_r Zht hmoJr&
lram_H$U Ho$ Am`mp_H$ _mJXeZ Ama CZHo$ ghmao go A{YH$
CZH$m o_ Wm {OgZo ZaoZmW H$mo OrV {c`m Wm; {e` Zo ^r Cho
CVZm hr o_ {X`m&
lram_H$U H$mo ~r_mar Ho$ H$maU H$mocH$mVm Ho$ ~mhar jo H$mernya _|
CnMma Ho$ {cE co OmZo Ho$ gmW hr, AnZo Jw$ Ho$ AYrZ ZaoZmW H$s {ejm
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H$a gHo$ Wo& JwOr Zo AnZo `wdm {e`m| H$mo ZaoZmW Ho$ ZoVd _| cmH$a Bg
Adga H$m Cn`moJ {H$`m& O~ ZaoZmW Zo H$hm {H$ CZ na {Z{dH$n
g_m{Y H$s H$nm H$s OmE, {Ogo cmoJ gmYmaUV`m gdm}M H$mo{Q> H$s Am_mZw^{y V
_mZVo Wo, JwOr Zo Cho `mo \$Q>H$ma cJmB ""Aao jw, _wPo Vmo Vw_ na Vag
Am ahm h ! _Zo Vmo gmoMm Wm {H$ Vy EH$ dQ>dj H$s Vah {demc $n YmaU
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naVw _wPo Vmo cJ ahm h {H$ Vw_ Ho$dc AnZr _wpV MmhVo hmo&'' AWmV,
AVrd BN>m {OgH$s Wr Cg Am_gmjmH$ma H$s AZw^y[V Vmo ZaoZmW H$mo
hB& naVw OrdZ `o` H$s ImoO A^r ~mH$s Wr& {Ogo J^raVm go H$aZm Wm&

dm_r {ddoH$mZX H$m OrdZ Ama gXoe/12

n[admOH$ g`mgr

AJV 1886 _| lram_H$U H$m XohmdgmZ hmo OmZo Ho$ ~mX, damhZJa
_| EH$ nwamZo IS>ha _| ~hV go `wdm {e` ZaoZmW Ho$ ZoVd _| EH$
h`o& `ht H$R>moa Am_g`_ Ama Am`mp_H$ gmYZm Ho$ OrdZ Ho$ ~rM
"am_H$U _R>' H$s Ztd aIr JB & Bht {XZm| ZaoZmW AnZo ~hV go
Jw-^mB`m| Ho$ gmW AVnya JE Ama dhm Iwco _| MS> A{ H$mo Koam
cJmH$a ~R>o VWm ChmoZo g`mg dV H$m gH$n {b`m& damhZJa Ho$ `o
{XZ AmZX, A``Z Ama Am`mp_H$ gmYZm Ho$ Wo& naVw A~
A{YH$me gVm| H$mo n[admOH$ g`mgr OrdZ H$s Mmh AZw^d hmoZo bJr
Ama ZaoZmW Zo ^r gZ 1888 Ho$ ~rVVo ~rVVo, _R> go Xya, AnZo
OrdZ Ho$ `o` H$s Vrd {nnmgm _| n[a^_U ma^ H$a {X`m &
amo_m amobm Ho$ eXm| _|,
""`h EH$ _hm`mU Wm& EH$ JmoVmImoa H$s Vah do ^maV$nr
_hmgmJa _| Sy>~ JE Ama Cg _mJ _| AnZo AmnH$mo Nw>nm {b`m& ~hVo
_mb Ama \|$Ho$ _mb H$s Vah ghm| g`m{g`m| _| go do ^r EH$ {~Zm Zm_
Ho$ ^JdmYmar g`mgr go A{YH$ Hw$N> Zht Wo& naVw {dmm H$m VoO
CZHo$ Zom| _| d{bV Wm& doe ~XbH$a ^r do amOHw$_ma go H$_ Z
Wo&''
XoemQ>Z Ho$ H$mb _| ZaoZmW Zo ^maV H$s Xem H$m g^r Vah go
`j AZw^d m {H$`m& O~ VH$ lram_H$U Or{dV aho, {ddoH$mZX
Zo Ch| {XZm|{XZ Ba _| _ hmoVo hE nm`m Wm& lram_H$U Vmo EH$
gmYmaU `{V {XImB XoVo Wo, naVw CZH$m gmam OrdZ Ba_` Wm&
do ha `{V Ho$ gmW JmVo, {R>R>mobr H$aVo Ama `oH$ go _wV $n go {_bVo
13/

dm_r {ddoH$mZX H$m OrdZ Ama gXoe

Wo, naVw do jU^a Ho$ {bE ^r Ba H$mo Z {~gamVo Wo & `hr lram_H$U H$s
{dbjUVm Wr& ^maV _| ^_U Ho$ XmamZ {ddoH$mZX Zo nm`m {H$ ^maV
lram_H$U Ogm hr h& `h am> lram_H$U Ho$ OrdZ H$m {V{~~
Ogm hr h, `m|{H$ Y_ ^maV H$s Am_m Wm, XoIZo _| gmYmaU na nyU
Am`mp_H$&
H$hZo H$m AW `h Zht {H$ ^maV Zo OrdZ Ho$ `mdhm[aH$ nhby H$mo
AZXoIm {H$`m h& nhbo ^maV ~hV g_ ahm h, `hr H$maU Wm [H$
~hV go {dXo{e`m| Zo AmH$a Xoe H$mo byQ>m& ^m{VH$ gnVm H$s Mmh
aIH$a ^r ^maV Zo JhZ $n go Y_ H$mo nH$S>o aIm& CZHo$ `mZ _|
Am`m {H$ A`m_ ^maV H$m {d{e> JwU h& ^maV H$m gJrV, H$bm Ama
{en, gm{h` - dmVd _| gnyU ^maVr` gH${V, A`m_ go n[anyU
h& `hr H$maU h {H$ ^maVr` gH${V H$mo CgH$s Ym{_H$ n[anmQ>r go
AbJ H$aHo$ Zht g_Pm Om gH$Vm h - BgH$m CZH$mo AZw^d hAm &
ZaoZmW Zo dm_r g{MXmZX, dm_r {d{d{XemZX, dm_r
{ddoH$mZX Ogo AZoH$ Zm_ YmaU H$aHo$ n[admOH$ g`mgr Ho$ $n _|
Cma Xoe, amOWmZ, JwOamV, _hmam>, _gya, Ho$ab, _mg Ama
hXam~mX _| {d{^ VrW WmZm| d Eo{Vhm{gH$ AmH$fUdmbo WmZm| H$s
`mm H$s& gd nwamVZ ^maV H$m Jmad, Mmho dh amOZr{VH$, gmH${VH$
`m Am`mp_H$ hmo, Ch| AnZr AmIm| Ho$ gm_Zo ~bVm go {XImB
{X`m& Bg _hmZ {ejm Ho$ MbVo ^maVr` g_wXm` H$s XwJ{V H$s nrS>m
CZHo$ _Z _| N>m JB& {Oggo CZH$s `h BN>m ~b hmo JB {H$ ^maV H$s
AdZ{V go g~{YV naoem{Z`m| Ho$ Cne_Z Ho$ {bE Hw$N> H$aZm hr hmoJm&
Bg {Xem _| g~b OwQ>mZo Ho$ {bE do EH$ [a`mgV go Xygar [a`mgV _|
dm_r {ddoH$mZX H$m OrdZ Ama gXoe/14

Ky_Vo aho& Bg H$ma AZoH$ AJUr `{V`m| VWm amOmAm| Ho$ gnH$ _| do
AmE& CZ_| go IoVS>r Ho$ _hmamOm A{OVqgh CZHo$ na_ {_ Ama Cgmhr
{e` ~Z JE& Abda _| Chm|Zo "nVO{b Ho$ _hm^m`' H$m A``Z {H$`m&
nwUo _| do _hmZ amOZoVm ~mb JJmYa {VbH$ Ho$ nmg aho & ~obJmd _| $H$Zo
Ho$ ~mX do ~oJbmoa Ama _gya JE& _gya Ho$ _hmamO Zo Ch| n{_ _| OmH$a
^maV Ho$ {bE ghm`Vm m H$aZo Ama dhm gZmVZ Y_ H$s {ejm XoZo Ho$
{bE Am{WH$ ghm`Vm XoZo H$m AmmgZ {X`m& naVw ZaoZmW Zo BgH$m
Hw$N> {Z` Zht {H$`m Wm& am> H$m nwZWmZ CZHo$ _Z _| gdm}n[a Wm&
_gya go do {do_ Ama H$`mHw$_mar JE &


H$`mHw$_mar _| A{Vr` `mZ :

^maV-^a _| ^_U H$aHo$ ZaoZmW H$mo nVm Mbm {H$ Y_ hr ^maV

H$s e{V d gnXm h& AnZo Xoe Ho$ {V o_ hmoZo na ^r {ddoH$mZX Zo
CgH$s Jb{V`m| H$mo AZXoIm Zht {H$`m& bmoJm| H$s Jar~r, {ejm H$m A^md
Ama {`m| H$s XwJ{V na CZH$m `mZ J`m& Cggo ~mha {ZH$bZo H$m _mJ
`m h? H$go ^maV H$m nwZWmZ hmo gH$Vm h? do BgHo$ {bE `m H$a|?
do BZ Zm| Ho$ Cma H$s ImoO _| Wo &
H$`mHw$_mar _|, do AnZr `mm Ho$ ApV_ MaU _| nhMo& Chm|Zo
H$`mHw$_mar _pXa _| _m H$`mHw$_mar H$mo AlwnyU AmImo go ^md{d^moa hmoH$a
gm>mJ XS>dV {H$`m& AnZo H$amoS>m| Xoedm{g`m| Ho$ Xw:I go `{WV X`
boH$a, do Cg {damQ> g_w H$s bham| H$mo MraH$a X{jU gmJa VQ> go Hw$N> Xya
pWV {ebm na ~R>H$a nyar amV Jhao `mZ _| _ hmo JE& VrZ {XZ Ed VrZ
amV VH$ Mbm `h `mZ Ba Ho$ {V Zht, A{nVw Cgr ^maV_mVm Ho$ {V
Wm, Omo dm_r {ddoH$mZX Ho$ {bE ^JdVr XwJm H$s AdVma Wr& H$gm
15/

dm_r {ddoH$mZX H$m OrdZ Ama gXoe

AZyR>m `mZ! Eogm bJm _mZmo CZHo$ gm_Zo ^maVr` B{Vhmg Ho$ no
IwbVo Mbo Om aho hm|& CZHo$ _Z:Mjw Ho$ gm_Zo AnZo ^_U Ho$ XmamZ hE
AZw^dm| H$m {demb n[a` CnpWV hmo J`m& Chm|Zo ^maV Ho$ AVrV,
dV_mZ Ama ^{d` na, CgHo$ nVZ Ho$ H$maUm| na Ama CgHo$ nwZWmZ
Ho$ _mJm] na {MVZ {H$`m& Chm|Zo AnZr AVam_m _| AZw^d {H$`m,
{H$ ^maV AnZr EH$m_Vm H$s Am`mp_H$ MoVZm Ho$ ZdrZrH$aU Ama
nwZWmZ go hr CR> gH$Vm h, {OgZo Cgo AmO VH$ Ho$ B{Vhmg _| Y_
gH${V`m| H$m nmbZm ~Zm aIm Wm &
VrZ {XZ d VrZ amV 25, 26 Ama 27 {Xg~a 1892 (nmf ewb
4, 5, 6 {dH$_ gdV 1948, `wJmX 4994) H$mo Cg JhZ `mZ Ho$
nmV Chm|Zo AnZo OrdZ H$m Co` ImoO {b`m& ZaoZmW ^{d` _|
dm_r {ddoH$mZX Ho$ $n _| n[ad{VV hE& {hX _hmgmJa H$s Bg
ApV_ N>moa H$s {ebm na ~R>H$a Chm|Zo n{_ _| OmZo H$m _hdnyU
{ZU` {b`m, {Oggo do {d^a _| ^maV H$s Ym{_H$ nanam Ama
gH${V H$mo \$bm gH|$$ VWm ^maV Ho$ Jar~m| Ho$ {bE ghm`Vm m
H$aZo H$m `Z H$a gH|$ &
Bg {Z` H$mo boH$a do _mg nhMo Ohm AmbmqgJ no$_mb Ho$
ZoVd _| `wdmAm| H$m Xb CZHo$ AmJ_Z H$s AmVwaVm go Vrjm H$a ahm
Wm& CZHo$ g_wI dm_rOr Zo A_o[aH$m Ho$ {eH$mJmo _| hmoZodmbr gdY_
_hmg^m _| {hXy Y_ H$m {V{Z{Yd H$aZo H$m AnZm {dMma aIm&
naVw do A~ ^r _m gmaXm Xodr H$s drH${V H$s Vrjm _| Wo& Bgr
g_`, Chm|Zo gnZo _| lram_H$U H$mo gmJa _| MbVo XoIm, {Ohm|Zo
Ch| AnZo nrN>o-nrN>o AmZo H$m gHo$V {H$`m& BgHo$ gmW hr n mam,
dm_r {ddoH$mZX H$m OrdZ Ama gXoe/16

lram_H$U H$s Am`mp_H$ nZr _m gmaXm Xodr H$s AZw_{V Ama

AmerdmX go CZH$s g_`m H$m g_mYmZ hmo J`m& CZHo$ `wdm {_ Amd`H$
YZ EH${V H$aZo _| bJ JE &
H$B ~ma dm_rOr H$mo ~S>m {dmg hmoVm Wm {H$ do Bg gdY_
_hmg^m Ho$ _m`_ go _hmZ H$m` nyU H$a|Jo & EH$ {XZ, dm_rOr O~
AnZo EH$ Jw^mB dm_r Vw[a`mZX Ho$ gmW Wo, Chm|Zo H$hm Wm, "" h[a
^mB, _ A_o[aH$m Om ahm h& dhm Omo KQ>Zo dmbm h, CgHo$ ~mao _| Vw_
Omo Hw$N> gwZmoJo (AWmV gdY_ _hmg^m H$s V`m[a`m| Ho$ ~mao _|) dh g~
BgHo$ (AnZo grZo H$mo R>moH$Vo hE) {bE hmoJm& gmar V`m[a`m Ho$db
BgHo$ (_oao) {bE hr H$s Om ahr h&''
O~ CZH$s A_o[aH$m `mm H$s V`m[a`m Mb aht Wt, V^r AMmZH$
IoVS>r Ho$ _hmamO H$m {Z_U Am`m {Ogo dm_rOr AdrH$ma Zht H$a
gHo$ & _hmamOm Zo CZH$m X` go dmJV {H$`m Ama CZH$mo ha g^d
gh`moJ XoZo H$m dMZ {X`m& _hmamOm Ho$ gwPmd na `hm go hr dm_rOr
Zo "{ddoH$mZX' Zm_ AnZm {c`m& AnZo dMZ Ho$ no$ _hmamOm Zo AnZo
{ZOr g{Md H$mo dm_rOr H$s `mm H$s V`mar H$aZo Ama CZH$mo _w~B go
{dXm H$aZo Ho$ {cE ^oOm& CZH$s A_o[aH$m `mm 31 _B, 1893 (`o>
ewc Xe_r, {dH$_ gdV 1949, `wJmX 4995) H$mo ma^ hB& CZHo$
X` _| AnZo Xoedm{g`m| Ho$ {V o_ {H$VZm Vrd ahm hmoJm {H$ Chm|Zo
AHo$co hr Cg 10,000 _rc Xya AZOmZr OJh _| `mg H$aZo Ho$ {cE
AnZo-AmnH$mo g_{nV H$a {X`m&

17/

dm_r {ddoH$mZX H$m OrdZ Ama gXoe

npM_r {j{VO na ^maV H$m "kmZ gy`'

A_o[aH$m H$s `mm na {ZH$co dm_r {ddoH$mZX MrZ, OmnmZ Ama

H$ZmS>m hmoVo hE, OwcmB 1893 Ho$ _` _| {eH$mJmo nhMo& H$Q>Z _|
Chm|Zo Hw$N> ~m _R> XoIo; OmnmZ _| Chm|Zo Ammo{JH$ J{V Ama
cmoJmo H$s dN>Vm H$mo XoIH$a gamhm& do O~ {eH$mJmo nhMo, V~ n{_
Ho$ YZ-d^d H$s MH$mMmY Ama AZwgYmZ H$s {V^m Zo Cho AnZr
_mV^y{_ _| cmoJm| mam Poco Om aho H$>m| H$s `mX {XcmB& Cho kmV hAm
{H$ {gV~a VH$ gdY_ _hmg^m Zht hmoJr Ama {~Zm nhMmZ-n Ho$
Cg_| H$moB A{YH$V "{V{Z{Y' Zht hmo gH$Vm& Bg AZOmZr OJh _|
{~Zm YZ Ho$ H$go {O`|? do qH$H$V`{d_yT> hmo JE, {H$Vw AnZo-AmnH$mo
{dYmVm Ho$ hdmco H$a ~moQ>Z Mco JE Omo {eH$mJmo go H$_ _hJm Wm&
JmS>r _| CZH$s nhMmZ lr_Vr H$WarZ goZ~moZ go hB& {Ohm|Zo Cho
~moQ>Z _| AnZo A{V{W Ho$ $n _| Am_{V {H$`m& dhm Ch| AnZo
^moOZ Ho$ IM Ho$ {cE gKf H$aZm nS>m& CZHo$ EH$ n _| Chm|Zo
{cIm ""aV-a{OV X` go AmYo ggma H$mo nma H$a Bg {d{M ^y{_ _|
ghm`Vm _mJZo Ho$ {cE Am`m h& Ba _hmZ h& _wPo _mcy_ h, dh _wPo
_XX H$aoJm& _ `hm Mmho gXu `m ^yI go ^co hr _a OmD$, na Jar~m|
Ho$ {cE, X{cVm| Ho$ {cE, n{VVm| Ho$ {cE gKf Ama ghmZw^y{V H$s {damgV,
_oao `wdH$m|, _ Vwhmao {cE N>moS> ahm h&''
Ama dmVd _| Bar` ghm`Vm hmdS> {d{dmc` Ho$ mo. OmZ
hZar amBQ> Ho$ _m`_ go AmB& do dm_r {ddoH$mZX Ho$ gnH$ _| AmE
Ama CZgo A`V ^m{dV hE& dm_rOr Ho$ ggX _| ^mJ coZo H$s
dm_r {ddoH$mZX H$m OrdZ Ama gXoe/18

H${R>ZmB H$mo OmZH$a Chm|Zo H$hm, ""dm_rOr, Amngo AmnH$s `mo`Vm H$m
_mU-n _mJZm, Vmo gy` go CgHo$ M_H$Zo H$m A{YH$ma nyN>Zo Ogm
h&'' ChmoZo Y_ ggXHo$ Am`moOH$m| Ho$ Zm_ `o H$hVo hE EH$ n[aM` n
{cIm, ""`hm EH$ Eogm {dmZ `pV h {OgH$s {dmm h_mao (XoeHo$)
g^r kmZdmZ m`mnH$m| go ^r ~T>H$a h&'' Bg n H$mo coH$a dm_rOr
9 {gV~a 1893 H$s em_ H$mo {eH$mJmo dmng AmE&
Xw^m`de, {eH$mJmo nhMH$a dm_r {ddoH$mZX Zo hVme hmoH$a
XoIm {H$ Omo AmZodmco {V{Z{Y`m| H$m dmJV d `dWm H$a aho h, Cg
g{_{V H$m nVm Imo J`m h& amV ^a aodo Ho$ _mc `mS> _| nS>o EH$ ~S>o
~go _| {dlm_ H$aZo Ho$ ~mX dm_rOr mV Bg Co` go {ZH$co {H$
Bg gH$Q> _| CZH$s H$moB ghm`Vm H$a gHo$& naVw ZrJmo, H$mcm Hw$mm
Am{X An_mZOZH$ eXm| Ho$ gmW CZHo$ gm_Zo hr ma ~X H$a {XE
OmVo& H$mco `pV H$mo AmgmZr go ghm`Vm Zht {_cVr Wr& {Z\$c
`mgm| go WH$H$a Mya g~ Hw$N> BaoN>m na N>moS> do gS>H$ Ho$ {H$Zmao
~R> JE& AMmZH$ gm_Zo Ho$ ^` ^dZ _| go EH$ _{hcm, CZHo$ nmg
AmB Ama Cho ghm`Vm XmZ H$s& `o Wt lr_Vr OmO S>`y. hoc,
{OZH$m Ka ^{d` _| dm_rOr H$m A_o[aH$m _| Wm`r nVm ahm,
`m|{H$ hoc n[adma CZH$m AZwMa ^V ~Z J`m Wm&
Y_ ggX 11 [gV~a 1893 (^mnX ewc {Vr`m, {dH$_ gdV
1949, `wJmX 4995) H$mo ma^ hB& AmQ> BQrQ>yQ> H$m {demc g^mH$j
cJ^J 7000 lmoVmAm| go IMmIM ^am hAm Wm, {Og_| Xoem| Ho$ lo>V_
{V{Z{Y Wo& _M na {d Ho$ H$moZo-H$moZo go `oH$ gJ{R>V Y_ Ho$
{V{Z{Y CnpWV Wo& dm_r {ddoH$mZX Zo H$^r BVZo {demc Ama
19/

dm_r {ddoH$mZX H$m OrdZ Ama gXoe

{d{e> OZg_yh H$mo g~mo{YV Zht {H$`m Wm& CZH$mo ^mar K~amhQ> H$m
AZw^d hAm& AnZr ~mar AmZo na Chm|Zo _Z-hr-_Z dmUr H$s Xodr _m
gadVr H$mo Z_Z {H$`m Ama AnZm ^mfU BZ eXm| go ew$ {H$`m,
""A_o[aH$m {Zdmgr ~hZmo Ama ^mB`mo''!
VH$mc lmoVmJUm| H$s H$aVc-d{Z H$s JS>JS>mhQ> cJ^J Xmo {_ZQ>
VH$ hmoVr ahr& gmV hOma cmoJ {H$gr AZmH$cZr` Vd H$m g_mZ
H$aZo IS>o hmo JE & dm_rOr Ho$ AmmZ Ho$ AmoOdr eXm| Ho$ nrN>o Omo
epV Wr dh Wr ^maV Ho$ 10,000 df Ho$ {Z>mnyU Am`mp_H$ B{Vhmg
H$s Ama lram_H$U na_hg H$s EH$m_Vm H$s gmYZm& dm_rOr H$m
^mdemcr `pVd Ama CZHo$ VoOdr _wI_S>c go g~ BVZo ^m{dV Wo
{H$ AJco {XZ g_mMma-nm| _| {ddaU Wm {H$ do Y_ ggX H$s _hmZV_
{d^y{V h& hmW _| H$Q>moam {c`o gac gm gmYw Cg g_` H$m Zm`H$ ~Z J`m
Wm& A~ dh AZOmZm g`mgr Zht {H$Vw {dd H$m MhoVm {ejH$ Wm&
Y_ ggX _| dm_rOr Ho$ nhco ^mfU Zo Ch| BVZr `m{V {XcmB
{H$ {eH$mJmo Ho$ {d{e> JU_m` cmoJm| Zo Ch| AnZo Ka Am_{V {H$`m
& ha `pV CZH$m Am{VWo` ~ZZm MmhVm Wm& nhco {XZ Ho$ g
g_mnZ Ho$ ~mX dm_rOr H$mo EH$ H$amoS>n{V Ho$ ^dZ _| co OmH$a amOgr
dmJV {H$`m J`m& Am{VWo` Zo dm_rOr H$s gwI-gw{dYm _| H$moB H$ga
Zht N>moS>r, naVw dm_rOr Z Vmo Zm_ Ama `m{V Ho$ ^yIo Wo, Z hr Ch|
^m{VH$ gw{dYm H$s Mmh Wr& Bg{cE Bg R>mQ>-~mQ>, emZ-emH$V Ama
A_ar{H$`m| H$s C\y$V egm go dm_rOrH$mo ~S>r ~oMZr hB& do AnZo
Xoedm{g`m| Ho$ H$>m| H$mo ^wcm Zht nmE& CZHo$ X` _| ^maV Ho$ {V doXZm
~Zr ahr Ama do Eoemo-Amam_ dmco {~Vam| na gmo Zht gHo$& Chm|Zo mWZm H$s dm_r {ddoH$mZX H$m OrdZ Ama gXoe/20

""ho _m ! O~ _oam Xoe Kmoa Jar~r _| Jham Sy>~m hAm h, V~ {g{ H$s
qMVm H$mZ H$aVm h? h_ ^maVr` BVZo X[a h {H$ h__| go cmIm| Vmo _w>r^a
AZmO Ho$ A^md _| hr _a OmVo h O~ {H$ `hm Ho$ cmoJ AnZo Amam_ Ho$ {cE
ngm nmZr H$s Vah ~hmVo h& ^maVr`m| H$m CWmZ H$mZ H$aoJm? Ama H$mZ
Ch| ImZo H$mo XoJm? ho _m, _wPo ~Vm _ CZH$s godm H$go H$$?''
do amV ^a ^y{_ na nS>o-nS>o ~o H$s Vah Amgy ~hmVo aho& Xygao {XZ
O~ Ka Ho$ dm_r AXa AmE Ama nyN>m, ""dm_r, `m hAm?'' dm_rOr Zo
Cma {X`m, ""_wPo AnZo cmoJm| H$s XwXem H$s `mX Am`r''& Eogm Wm dm_rOr
H$m AnZo ^maV Ho$ {V Cdc o_ !
ggX Ho$ eof {XZm| _|, {V{XZ cmoJ CZH$mo gwZZm MmhVo Wo Ama Bg
H$ma Chm|Zo _w` g _| ^mfU {XE Ama VH$ZrH$s gm| _| ^r& CZHo$
^mfUm| _| `mZ XoZo `mo` ""{hXwd na emoY-n'' na CZH$m ^mfU 19
{gV~a H$mo Wm& 27 {gV~a Ho$ 'ApV_ g' _| ^r CZH$m ^mfU ~S>m
egZr` ahm& dmVd _|, CZgo ^m{dV A_ar{H$`m| Zo `hm VH$ H$hZm
ew$ H$a {X`m {H$, ""Eogo {dmZ am> _| {_eZar ^oOZm Vmo {Zar _yIVm h&
dhm go Vmo h_mao Xoe _| Y_MmaH$ ^oOo OmZo Mm{hE&''
gdY_ _hmg^m Ho$ dkm{ZH$ g Ho$ g^mn{V lr _a{dZ - _oar Zb
Zo {bIm h ''Hw$N> ^r hmo, {hXwd Ho$ g~go ~S>o _hdnyU Ama AZyR>o {V{Z{Y Vmo
dm_r {ddoH$mZX Wo Omo dmVd _|, {Z{ddmX, ggX _| g~go A{YH$ bmoH${`
Ama ^mdembr `{$... Ama g_V Adgam| na A` d$mAm| H$s VwbZm
_| Ch| hr g~go CgmhnyU ar{V go JhU {H$`m J`m, Mmho dh BgmB ahm hmo
`m Ja BgmB& do Ohm ^r OmVo bmoJ CZHo$ nrN>o bJ OmVo Ama CZHo$ EH$ 21/

dm_r {ddoH$mZX H$m OrdZ Ama gXoe

EH$ eX Ho$ gmW ~S>r CgwH$Vm go OwS> OmVo ... A_o[aH$m Ch| `hm
^oOZo Ho$ {bE ^maV H$m H$Vk h Ama mWZm H$aVm h {H$ Eogr Ama
{d^y{V`m ^oOo&''
_hm~mo{Y gmogmBQ>r Ho$ _hmg{Md E_.Ama.AmB. lr Y_nmb ^r Y_
ggX _| ~m _V Ho$ {V{Z{Y Wo& ggX g_mnZ Ho$ ~mX ^maV AmH$a
Chm|Zo AnZo EH$ ^mfU _| H$hm ""_wPo `h H$hZo _| H$moB {hM{H$MmhQ> Zht h {H$ Y_ ggX _| Cg
_hmZ Ama ^bo {hXy gmYw {ddoH$mZX H$mo N>moS>H$a H$moB Eogm Zht Wm
Omo g~H$mo AmH${fV H$a gH$m... h_mao ^ ^mVm dm_r {ddoH$mZX Zo Z
Ho$db {hXy XeZ Ho$ ew {gmVm| H$mo \$bmZo _| _hmZ Ama A_y`
godm H$s h ~pH$ do A_o[aH$m Ho$ gw{dk Ama g^mV dJ H$mo `h g_PmZo
_| ^r g\$b hE h {H$ ^maV hr g_V g`, XeZ Ama VdkmZ H$s
OZZr h Ama CZH$s doXr ^r h& _ ~VmZm MmhJm {H$ O~ ^r Mm[aV
{H$`m OmVm Wm {H$ AmO dm_r {ddoH$mZX ~mob|Jo Vmo OJh nmZo Ho$ {bE
bmoJm| H$s ^rS> C_S> nS>Vr Wr& {eH$mJmo ZJa _| gd dm_r {ddoH$mZX
Ho$ {M g{hV Eogr VpV`m bJm Xr OmVr Wt {H$ do A_wH$ - A_wH$ WmZ
na A_wH$ - A_wH$ {df` na dMZ H$aoJ| o & do Ohm ^r OmVo Wo bmoJm| go {Ka
OmVo Wo Ama Ch| g_V ~mVm| _| ~S>r {M hAm H$aVr Wr& _ H$hVm
h, Chm|Zo Bg Xoe H$s _hmZ godm H$s h, Ama {Og na ~Jmb H$mo Jd
hmoZm Mm{hE, {eH$mJmo H$s Y_ g^m _| {OVZo ^r {V{Z{Y Wo CZ g~
_|, Chm|Zo AnZm gdlo> WmZ ~Zm`m Wm&''
dmVd _| {eH$mJmo H$s Y_ ggX _| dm_rOr H$s CnpW{V ^maV
Ho$ nwZWmZ Ho$ B{Vhmg H$s _hdnyU KQ>Zm ahr& lr Aa{dX H$hVo
dm_r {ddoH$mZX H$m OrdZ Ama gXoe/22

h, ''{ddoH$mZX H$m (npM_ _|) OmZm... {d Ho$ gm_Zo nhbm OrVmOmJVm gHo$V Wm {H$ ^maV OmJ CR>m h... Z Ho$db Or{dV ahZo Ho$
{bE ~pH$ {dO`r hmoZo Ho$ {bE&''
ggX H$s g_m{ Ho$ gmW hr dm_rOr Ho$ empV Ho$ {XZ g_m hmo JE&
BgHo$ gmW hr A_o[aH$m Ho$ bJ^J `oH$ ^mJ _| CZHo$ dMZ ma^ hmo JE&
do Cgmhr A_o[aH$s {e`m| H$m Xc J{R>V H$aZm MmhVo Wo, Ama Chm|Zo
{Z>mdmZ N>mm| H$s {ZewH$ H$jmE coZm ma^ H$a Xt& do n{_ _| {Xg~a
1896 VH$ aho, Omo H$mcIS> JhZ J{V{d{Y`m|go ^am ahm& `y`mH$ _| Oo.
Oo. JwS>{dZ Zm_H$ EH$ `wdm AJoO {e` ~Zm Omo Amew{c{nH$ Wm& `y`mH$ _|
Ag` dMZ H$aZo Ama CZH$s H$jmE coZo Ho$ gmW Chm|Zo dhm "doXmV
gmogm`Q>r' Wm{nV H$s; Chm|Zo AnZo {ZH$Q> Ho$ {e`m| H$s EH$ Q>mocr H$mo
"gh rnmomZ' _o {e{jV {H$`m& Chm|Zo "amO`moJ" H$m boIZ {H$`m
Ama BbS> H$s Xmo g\$b `mmE H$s Ohm Chm|Zo `m`mZ {XE Omo AmO
"kmZ`moJ' Ho$ $n _| CnbY h& dhm CZHo$ Hw$N> {e` ~Zo {OZ_| _wI h
H$Q>Zo Ama lr_Vr go{d`a, _mJaQo > Zmo~b Omo AmJo MbH$a ^{JZr {Zdo{XVm Ho$
Zm_ go n{g hB Ama B. Q>r. Q>S>u&
dm_rOr A_o[aH$m _| OmZo-_mZo `{$ ~Z JE Wo& CZH$m X` Ho$db
^maV Ho$ hr Zht naVw Xygao Xoe Ho$ n{VVm| Ama XrZm| Ho$ {bE ^r {dV hmoVm
Wm& EH$ ~ma EH$ aodo Q>oeZ na O~ do JmS>r go CVa aho Wo, CZH$m ^`
dmJV {H$`m Om ahm Wm, V^r dhm EH$ ZrJmo Hw$br Zo AmJo ~T>H$a CZgo hmW
{_bmVo hE H$hm, ""~YmB ! _wPo ~ohX Iwer h {H$ _oar Om{V Ho$ EH$ `{$
Zo BVZm ~S>m g_mZ m {H$`m h& Bg Xoe Ho$ nyao ZrJmo g_wXm` H$mo Amn
na Jd h&"" dm_rOr Zo Hw$br go ZohnydH$ hmW {_bm`m Ama Z_Vm go
23/

dm_r {ddoH$mZX H$m OrdZ Ama gXoe

H$hm, "Y`dmX ! ^mB Y`dmX !" Chm|Zo `h H$hZo go BH$ma H$a {X`m {H$
do ZrJmo Zht h& dmVd _| BVZr {gr hmoZo Ho$ nmV ^r dm_rOr H$m
An_mZ d {VaH$ma {H$`m J`m Ama A_o[aH$m Ho$ X{jU am`m| _| ZrJmo
g_PH$a H$B hmoQ>bm| _| Ch| OmZo Zht {X`m J`m& naVw Chm|Zo H$^r
BgH$m {damoY Zht {H$`m, Ama Z hr `h H$hm {H$ _ ZrJmo Zht h `m _ Vmo
^maVr` hy& EH$ n{_r {e` Zo EH$ ~ma CZgo H$hm {H$ Eogr pW{V`m|
_| do CZH$mo `m| Zht ~VmVo {H$ _ ^maV H$m h& ""`m!"" dm_rOr Zo
Cma {X`m, ""Xygam| H$mo ZrMm {XImH$a _ D$na CRy> ! _ Bg ndr na
Bg{bE Zht Am`m h&""
n{_ _| dm_rOr Zo doXmV H$m g~ nWm| H$m (religion) AmYma^yV
EH$m_Vm H$m gXoe nhMmZo Ho$ {bE H${R>Z n[al_ {H$`m& Ama CZHo$
`Z Ho$ \$bd$n A_o[aH$m _| Wm`r $n go doXmV H$m H$m` Wm{nV
hAm& bXZ Ho$ H$m` _| ^r Hw$N> J{V hmo JB Wr& H$B dkm{ZH$ Ogo
{ZH$mobg Q>ogbm VWm AZoH$ gw{d`mV Xme{ZH$m| Ama boIH$m| na
dm_rOr Ho$ `m`mZ H$m ^md nS>m& CZH$mo AZw^d hmoZo bJm {H$
AmYw{ZH$ _mZd Ho$ {bE doXmV EH$m_ OrdZ XeZ - `hr EH$_m hb
hmoJm& Bg H$ma dm_rOr H$m H$m` n{_ _| OS> nH$S>Zo bJm& A~ CZH$s
_mV^{y _ Ch| nwH$maZo bJr Ama CZH$m gXe
o nmZo H$mo AmVwa Wr&


{dO`momgnyU ^` dmngr Ama A{Vr` dmJV

n{_ _| gj_ bmoJm| H$mo H$m_ gmnH$a O~ dm_rOr Zo gZ 1896

_| bXZ N>moS>m, Cgr {XZ go do nyar Vah ^maV Ho$ {df` _| {dMma_ hmo
JE& Chm|Zo lr. d lr_Vr go{d`a go H$hm, ""A~ _ooao gm_Zo EH$ hr
{dMma h Ama dh h ^maV& _oao gm_Zo Ho$db ^maV hr ^maV {XImB XoVm
dm_r {ddoH$mZX H$m OrdZ Ama gXoe/24

h !"" WmZ H$s em_ H$mo O~ CZHo$ EH$ {e` Zo nyN>m, ""dm_rOr, Mma
gmb Ho$ Bg {dbmgr, d^d Ama e{$embr n{_ Ho$ AZw^dm| Ho$ ~mX
A~ AmnH$mo AnZr _mV^y{_ H$gr bJVr h?'' CZH$m Cma Wm, ""`hm
AmZo Ho$ nhbo _ ^maV go o_ H$aVm Wm& A~ Cg {_>r H$m EH$-EH$
H$U _oao {bE Ama A{YH$ n{d hmo J`m h, CgH$s dm`w _oao {bE n{d h;
dh A~ n{d ^y{_ h, Ym{_H$ Wb h, EH$ VrW h&""
A_o[aH$m N>mSo >Zo Ho$ nhbo dm_rOr S>Qo > mBo Q> _| Wo Ama dhm Chm|Zo doXmV
Ho$ g` go bmoJm| H$mo Ambmo{H$V H$aZo Ho$ {bE nyam Omoa bJm`m Wm& AMmZH$
CZH$m nyam eara ^md{d^moa hmoH$a PH$ V hmo J`m, do nwH$ma CR>o ""^maV H$mo _wPo gwZZm hmoJm ! _ ^maV H$mo CgH$s Ztd VH$ {hbm
XyJm ! _ CgH$s am>r` {eamAm| _| {dwV gMma dm{hV H$a XyJm !...
`h ^maV, _oam AnZm ^maV, dhr doXmV g` H$s egm H$a gH$Vm h,
{OgH$mo _Z o `hm _w$hV Ama mUm| H$s ~mOr bJmH$a {X`m h& ^maV _wPo
{dO`momg Ho$ gmW JhU H$aoJm&'' CZH$s `h ^{d`dmUr Ajae nyar hB &
dm_rOr Ho$ bmQ>Zo Ho$ g_mMma nhbo hr ^maV nhM MwHo$ Wo&
Xoe^a _| OJh-OJh bmoJ A{V Cgmh go CZHo$ dmJV _| nbH$nmdS>o {~N>mE ~R>o Wo& A^r do H$moB AZOmZo g`mgr Zht Wo& N>moQ>o~S>o ha ZJa _| CZH$m C{MV dmJV hmo, BgHo$ {bE g{_{V`m J{R>V
hmo JB Wt& `h {H$gr `{$ H$s _m dXoe dmngr Zht Wr& `h Vmo
^maV H$s Am_m H$s dmngr Wr&
A_V ~mOma n{H$m Zo {bIm ,
"dm_r {ddoH$mZX H$m dXoe bmQ>o {dO`r dra H$s Vah O`d{Z Ho$ gmW dmJV hAm& `m `h Bg ~mV H$s `mX Zht {XbmVm {H$
25/

dm_r {ddoH$mZX H$m OrdZ Ama gXoe

^maV ^r EH$ {dOoVm Xoe h, naVw AnZo T>J H$m {dOoVm, {~Zm e,
Jmobm-~m$X Ama S>m`Zm_mBQ> Ho$&"
15 OZdar 1897 (nmf ewb Xe_r, {dH$_ gdV 1953, `wJmX
4999) H$mo H$mob~mo H$m gy`m}X` ^maV_mVm Ho$ nw dm_r {ddoH$mZX Ho$
{dO`r dmJV Ho$ gmW hAm& dm_rOr g^r ^maVdm{g`m| Ho$ X` _|
mVH$mbrZ gy` Ho$ gmW, gh gy` Ogo VrV hmo aho Wo& g_mMma
nm| Zo {bIm, "bmIm| bmoJm| H$s ^rS> Ho$ o_ H$m eXm| _| dUZ Zht hmo
gH$Vm& O~ H$mob~mo Zo XoIm dm_rOr H$mo boH$a AmZo dmbm OhmO VQ>
H$s Amoa ~T> ahm h... bmoJm| H$s O` d{Z Ama Vm{b`m| Zo g_w H$s
bham| H$s AmdmO H$mo X~m {X`m&" EH$ g_` Ho$ {bE bmoJm| Ho$ Cgmh Zo
g_w H$s bham| H$mo ^r {dZ_ ~Zm {X`m& g^dV g_w AnZo AmnH$mo
^yb J`m Ama AM{^V-gm AJ` F${f Ho$ deYa H$s dmngr H$mo
VY XoIVm ah J`m& H$mob~mo go A_moS>m Ama ~mX _| Xya Cma _|
amOWmZ VH$, EH$ df VH$ dm_r {ddoH$mZX H$m Omo "{dO` hr {dO`"
ahm, Omo ^` {dO`r gMbZ ahm, CgH$s W_ PbH$ _m Wr, lrbH$m
_| hAm CZH$m CgmhnydH$ dmJV VWm H$m`H$_&
am_ZmWnwa_ _|, dm_rOr Ho$ R>haZo H$m ~Y am_ZmS> Ho$ amOm
lr^mH$a goVwn{V Ho$ _hb _| {H$`m J`m Wm& g^m gn hmoZo Ho$
nmV dm_rOr H$mo amOm Ho$ amOH$s` dmhZ _| doe H$aZo H$mo H$hm
J`m& amOm Ho$ AmXoe na KmoS>o Imob {XE JE& do d` AnZo OmOZm|
Ho$ gmW Cg emhr dmhZ H$mo ItMH$a ZJa Ho$ ~rM go hmoH$a dm_rOr
H$mo _hb _| bo JE&
_mg OmVo g_` Hw$N> _rb Xya EH$ N>moQ>o go aodo Q>oeZ na EH$
dm_r {ddoH$mZX H$m OrdZ Ama gXoe/26

ZmQ>H$s` KQ>Zm KQ>r& Cg Q>oeZ na JmS>r Zht H$Vr Wr, naVw ^rS> Zo
Q>oeZ _mQ>a go hR> {H$`m {H$ Mmho Hw$N> {_ZQ> Ho$ {bE hr ghr, dh PS>r
{XImH$a JmS>r amoH$ Xo, na H$moB bm^ Zht hAm& AV Xya go AmVr JmS>r H$mo
XoI gH$S>m| bmoJ JmS>r amoH$Zo H$m n$m BamXm H$a nQ>ar na boQ> JE& Q>oeZ
_mQ>a K~am J`m& AmVr hB JmS>r Ho$ JmS> Zo pW{V H$mo ^mnH$a VwaV JmS>r
amoH$Zo H$m AmXoe Xo {X`m& V~ bmoJ g_mZ _| Iwer go nmJb hmo {MmVo hE
dm_rOr H$s JmS>r H$s Va\$ bnHo$& dm_rOr CZH$s ^mdZmAm| go ~S>o
^m{dV hE, do Hw$N> nb Ho$ {bE AnZr JmS>r Ho$ XadmOo na AmE Ama CZH$m
A{^dmXZ H$aVo hE X` go Y`dmX {X`m& bmoJ emV hmo JE, CZH$s
hm{XH$ BN>m nyar hB Ama JmS>r _mg Mbr JB&
goZm Ho$ EH$ OdmZ gyaO amd Zo bmoJm| H$mo nQ>ar na boQ> OmZo Ho$ {bE
CH$gm`m Wm& dm_rOr H$s Cg j{UH$ PbH$ Zo gyaO amd H$mo nmJb gm
~Zm {X`m Wm& A~ dh dm_rOr go A{YH$ g_` AbJ Zht ah nm ahm Wm&
CgZo dhm go bmQ>Zo H$s ~Om` nXb hr _mg OmZo H$m {Z` {H$`m; `m|{H$
CgHo$ nmg ngo Zht Wo& CgZo gmJa Ho$ {H$Zmao-{H$Zmao hmoH$a OmZo H$m N>moQ>m
_mJ nH$S>m Ohm _Nw>Amam| H$s Pm|n{S>`m n{$~ Wt& g`m hmoZo na Cgo
AOr~ ` XoIZo H$mo {_bm& do Jar~ Ama AZnT> _Nw>Amao Iwer go CN>b
aho Wo, _mZmo H$moB Cgd _Zm aho hm|& g^r Pmon{S>`m _| H$me hmo ahm Wm&
~o hgr-Iwer go ZmM-Jm aho Wo& gyaO Zo CZgo nyN>m, ""AmO `o Vw_
H$mZ-gm `mohma _Zm aho hmo?"" Chm|Zo H$hm, ""Aao, Vw_ Zht OmZVo,
OJXJw$ nYmao h&"" gyaO amd g ah J`m& Cgo g_PVo Xoa Z bJr {H$ dh
OJXJw$ H$mZ h, {OgHo$ H$maU `o AZnT> _Nw>Amao ^r BVZo g h&
dm_rOr H$s dXoe dmngr go Xoe Ho$ g^r dJ Ho$ bmoJm| _| ZdOrdZ
27/

dm_r {ddoH$mZX H$m OrdZ Ama gXoe

gMm[aV hAm& dmVd _| Y_ hr ^maV H$s Am_m h !

_mg ZJa A{V Cgmh Ama AmZX go Py_ CR>m& _mg _| Chm|Zo
nmM gmdO{ZH$ g^mAm| H$mo g~mo{YV {H$`m& haoH$ _| Chm|Zo AmmZ
{H$`m {H$ Xw~bVmAm| Ama AY{dmgm| H$mo CImS> \|$H$mo Ama ZE ^maV
H$m {Z_mU H$amo& Chm|Zo Bg ~mV na ~b {X`m {H$ "gnyU am>r` OrdZ
Ho$ gJrV H$m _yb da Y_ h", dh Y_ "g_V {d H$mo Am`mp_H$
EH$m_Vm" H$m CnXoe XoJm, Ama dh O~ e{$embr hmoJm, ~mH$s g~ Hw$N>
AnZo Amn `dpWV hmo OmEJm& Chm|Zo Xoedm{g`m| H$mo n{_ H$m
AZwH$aU H$aZo Ama "An`Vm" H$s _mZ{gH$Vm H$mo \|$H$ XoZo Ho$ {bE
H$hm& ^maV H$m {Z{hV H$m` nyao {d H$mo A`m_ _| _mJXeZ H$aZm h&
AV dm_r {ddoH$mZX ^maV H$m nwZ{Z_mU CgHo$ OrdZXm`r Vdm| na
H$aZm MmhVo Wo & Chm| Z o {g h ZmX {H$`m, ""^maV CR>mo ! AnZr
Am`mp_H$Vm go gmao ggma H$mo OrV bmo&""
amo_m amobm Zo dm_rOr Ho$ ^maV bmQ>Zo H$m dUZ BZ eXm| _|
gwXa T>J go {H$`m h
""... Ama {ddoH$mZX Zo EH$ ~ma {\$a ^maV-^y H$mo X{jU go Cma
VH$ nma {H$`m, Ogm {H$ Chm|Zo nhbo gS>H$m| na {^Imar Ho$ doe _|
{H$`m Wm& `h ^_U CZH$s {dO`r `mm H$m Wm {Og_| CZHo$ gmW
AmZXmo_m bmoJ Wo& do Ogo aU go ^mJZo dmbo Zht Wo, dgo hr {dO`momg
^moJZo dmbo Zht Wo& CZH$m H$hZm Wm {H$ _wPo Omo g_mZ {_bm h dh
_wPo Zht, _oao Co` H$mo {_bm h... do dW Zht Wo& OrdZ e{$ ~T>mZo
dmbr gwlwfm H$s Ch| {ZVmV Amd`H$Vm Wr& {\$a ^r A{V_mZdr`
D$Om bJmH$a Chm|Zo ^maV^a _| AnZo AmoOdr ^mfUm| H$s eIbm _|
dm_r {ddoH$mZX H$m OrdZ Ama gXoe/28

AnZo {dMmam| Ho$ ~rO {~Ioa {XE& Eogo gwXa Ama AmoOdr ^mfU ^maV Zo
H$^r Zht gwZo hm|Jo, {Oggo CgH$s ^y{_ H$m Mnm-Mnm amo_m{MV hmo CR>m...
... do goZmn{V Wo, bmoJm| H$mo ^maV H$r AnZr ^mdr `moOZmAm| Ho$
~mao _| AdJV H$amVo, Ama H$hVo Wo ""_oao ^maV ! OmJmo! Ama OZ-g_yh
H$m Cma H$amo&""
dm_rOr _mg go Ob_mJ mam 20 \$adar H$mo H$mobH$mVm nhMo&
CZHo$ nVH$ ZJa Zo CZH$m ^` dmJV {H$`m& `hm Chm|Zo AnZo Jw$ Ho$
{V __neu lmO{b XoVo hE H$hm "`{X _Zo {dMmam| go, eXm| go `m H$` go Hw$N> mV {H$`m h, `{X _oao
_wI go EH$ ^r Eogm eX {ZH$bm h, {Oggo {d _| {H$gr H$m Hw$N> ^bm hAm
h, Vmo _ T>Vm go H$hVm h {H$ _oam Cg_| Hw$N> ^r Zht h, g~ Cht H$m
h&... `{X `h am> CR>Zm MmhVm h Vmo _oao eXm| H$mo drH$ma bo {H$ Cgo
Cht Ho$ Zm_ Ho$ Mmam| Amoa Ky_Zm hmoJm&"
dmJVm| H$m, H$m`H$ _m| H$m Ama {_bZodmbo bmoJm| H$m dm_rOr Ho$ dm`
na ^md nS>m> VWm do dm` bm^ Ho$ {bE Xm{OqbJ Mbo JE& CZHo$ gmW
CZHo$ H$B Jw^mB VWm n{_ Ama _mg Ho$ {e` ^r JE& n{_ _o dm_rOr
Zo XoIm Wm, {H$ bmoJ H$go gJ{R>V hmoH$a H$m_ H$aVo h& do H$^r {H$gr AdVma
H$s amh Zht XoIVo Omo AmH$a CZH$s _XX H$a Xo& ^maV _| ^r do MmhVo Wo {H$
bmoJ gJ{R>V hmoH$a XrZ-Xw{I`m| H$s godm hr Ba H$s nyOm h, Bg ^md go
godmH$m` H$a|& ma^ H$aZo Ho$ {bE CXmhaU Ho$ $n _| do MmhVo Wo {H$
g`m{g`m| H$mo gJ{R>V H$a| Omo OJV H$s godm _| bJ OmE& Xm{OqbJ _|
Chm|Zo am_H$U {_eZ Wm{nV H$aZo H$s `moOZm H$mo nyU $n {X`m& Hw$N>
Jw-^mB BgHo$ nj _| Zht Wo& naVw AVV ZaoX H$m AmmZ Ama _m
29/

dm_r {ddoH$mZX H$m OrdZ Ama gXoe

gmaXm Xodr Ho$ AmerdmX Zo CZH$s {hM{H$MmhQ> H$mo {nKbm {X`m& {XZmH$ 1
_B, 1897 H$mo Chm|Zo am_H$U Ho$ g^r g`mgr Ama JhW ^$m| H$s ~R>H$
Cma H$mobH$mVm _| ~bam_ ~m~y Ho$ Ka ~wbmB Ohm AmnMm[aH$ $n go am_H$U
{_eZ H$s WmnZm H$s JB&
"H$mob~mo go A_moS>m", {hXr _| "^maVr` `m`mZ" Zm_ go H$m{eV,
dm_rOr Ho$ `m`mZ BVZo ^mdembr aho {H$ CZgo _mZd H$m H$m`mH$n
hmo OmVm Wm, Ogm {H$ bmhma Ho$ J{UV Ho$ mo\o$ga VraWam_ Jmodm_r BVZo
^m{dV hmo JE {H$ ~mX _| do g`mgr "dm_r am_VrW" Ho$ Zm_ go {d`mV hE&
dm_rOr Ho$ gXeo AZwm{UV H$aZodmbo hmoVo Wo& CZH$m dV_mZ H$m {ZXmZ
{~Hw$b ghr hmoVm Wm Ama Omo CnMma ~Vm`m OmVm, dh ^mdr hmoVm Wm&


""^maV OmJmo, {d OJmAmo"" - gXoe

H$mob~mo go A_moS>m VH$

n{_ _| dm_rOr H$s g\$bVm Ama ^maV bmQ>Zo Ho$ ~mX H$mob~mo go
A_moS >m Ho$ CZHo$ ^mfU Am_m H$mo PH$PmoaZo dmbo Wo {OZgo ^maV Ambmo{H$V
hAm Ama CgH$m Imo`m hAm g_mZ dmng {_bm& dm_rOr Zo ^maV H$mo
CgH$s e{$ go AdJV H$am`m Ama Cgr na CgH$m ^{d` {Z_mU {H$`m&
Chm|Zo H$hm ""`{X ndr na H$moB Eogm Xoe h, {Ogo h_ Y` nw`^y{_ H$h gH$Vo
h, `{X Eogm H$moB WmZ h, Ohm ndr Ho$ g~ Ordm| H$mo AnZm H$_\$b
^moJZo Ho$ {bE AmZm nS>Vm h, `{X H$moB Eogm WmZ h Ohm ^JdmZ H$s Amoa
C_wI hmoZo Ho$ `Z _| gb ahZo dmbo Ord_m H$mo AVV AmZm
hmoJm, `{X H$moB Eogm Xoe h Ohm _mZdOm{V H$s j_m, Y{V, X`m, ewVm
Am{X gXd{m`m| H$m gdm{YH$ {dH$mg hAm h Ama Eogm H$moB Xoe h Ohm
dm_r {ddoH$mZX H$m OrdZ Ama gXoe/30

Am`mp_H$Vm VWm Am_mdofU H$m gdm{YH$ {dH$mg hAm h, Vmo dh

^y{_ ^maV hr h& A`V mMrZ H$mb go hr `hm na {^-{^ Y_m] Ho$
gWmnH$m| Zo AdVma boH$a gmao ggma H$mo g` H$s Am`mp_H$ gZmVZ
Ama n{d Ymam go ~ma~ma bm{dV {H$`m h& `ht go Cma, X{jU, nyd
Ama n{_ Mmam| Amoa Xme{ZH$ kmZ H$s ~b YmamE dm{hV hB h, Ama
`ht go Ymam ~hoJr, Omo AmOH$b H$s nm{Wd g`Vm H$mo Am`mp_H$
OrdZ XmZ H$aoJr& {dmg H$amo, _oao {_m|, `h hmoH$a hr ahoJm&
gnyU OJV H$mo H$me H$s Amd`H$Vm h& `h H$me Ho$db
^maV _| hr h... Bgr{bE Ba Zo Bg Om{V H$mo AmO VH$ g^r H$ma H$s
{dnXmAm| go gwa{jV ~Mm H$a aIm h& A~ dh g_` Am J`m h& Vw_
g~ Hw$N> hmo, _oao {gh Ho$ g_mZ ~hmXwam|, `h {dmg H$amo {H$ Vwhmam
O_ hr Bg _hmZ H$m` Ho$ {bE hAm h ! CZ {nm| H$m ^mH$Zm Vwh| S>am
Z gHo$, Zht H$^r Zht& `hm VH$ {H$ AmH$me hr `m| Z {Ja nS>o& IS>o
hmo OmAmo Ama H$m_ _| bJ OmAmo&
Am`mp_H$ {dMma hr OrdZXm`r {gmV h Z {H$ g H $ S >m|
AY{dmg {Oh| h_Zo eVmpX`m| go AnZo grZo go bJm aIm h&
.... g~go AbJ, A{V Cm_ Ama Am`mp_H$ jo _| Am`OZH$
ImoO Omo A^r VH$ H$ht hB Zht h, dh h - dm^m{dH$ $n go Am_m
ew, nyU, AjwU d e{$embr h&
`oH$ Am_m A`$ ~ h& ~m Ed AV H${V H$mo der^yV
H$aHo$ Am_m Ho$ Bg ~ ^md H$mo `$ H$aZm hr OrdZ H$m Ma_ b` h&
H$_, CnmgZm, _Zg`_ AWdm kmZ, BZ_| go EH$, EH$ go A{YH$ `m g^r
Cnm`m| H$m ghmam boH$a AnZo ~ ^md H$mo `$ H$amo Ama _w$ hmo OmAmo&
31/

dm_r {ddoH$mZX H$m OrdZ Ama gXoe

~g `hr Y_ H$m gdd h& _V, AZw>mZ-n{V, em, _{Xa AWdm A`

~m {H$`mH$bmn Vmo CgHo$ JmU AJ-`J _m h&
Xygam EH$ {dMma {Ogo AmO gmam ggma, `yamon hr Zht nyU ggma H$s
_Zrfm h_go Mmh ahr h,... dh h - g{> Ho$ Am`mp_H$ EH$d H$m emV
_hmZ {dMma&''
 e{$ gdYZ
Am`mp_H$Vm H$m gXoe `{X XoZm h Vmo, ^maV H$mo AnZr e{$
d` ~T>mZr hmoJr& Chm|Zo AnZo nVZ Ho$ H$maU ~VmE
 OZ-gm_m` H$s Cnojm
 Am_{dmg H$m A^md
 _ga Ho$ $n _| `$ hmoZo dmbr B`m d AmoN>mnZ
 gJ{R>V H$m`ebr H$m A^md&
Chm|Zo H$hm ""h_ Ambgr h, h_ H$m_ Zht H$a gH$Vo, h_ Amng _o OwS> Zht
nmVo, h__| Amng _| no_^md Zht h, h_ ~S>o dmWu h, KUm Ama of Ho$
{~Zm h_ H$moB VrZ ^r EH$ gmW ~R> Zht gH$Vo... ~hV-gr ~mVm| _| h_
VmoVmaQ>V H$s Vah ~mob Vmo boVo h, naVw Cgo {H$`mpdV Zht H$aVo& H$hZm,
{H$Vw H$aZm Zht, `h h_mam d^md ~Z J`m h -''
 _{hbmAm| H$s Cnojm
 M[a {Z_mU H$aZo dmbr {ejm H$m A^md&
g_mO-gwYmaH$m| Ho$ {dnarV Chm|Zo Ho$db AnZo Xmof hr Zht {JZmE
~pH$ AnZr e{$ H$mo ~T>mVo ahZo Ho$ {bE ^r H$hm& Chm|Zo OmJV {H$`m
{H$ h_ Cg Xoe Ho$ dmgr h Omo A{Vr` h, {OgH$m B{Vhmg _hmZ h
dm_r {ddoH$mZX H$m OrdZ Ama gXoe/32

Ama ^{d` Vmo Cggo ^r _hmZ h& Chm|Zo ^maV Ho$ d{H$ `moJXmZ Ho$
~mao _| OmJV {H$`m& h_mar _mV^y{_ H$m {d na AIS> F$U h&
Chm|Zo H$hm ""O~ _ AnZo B{Vhmg na {>nmV H$aVm h, V~ _wPo VrV hmoVm
h {H$ {d ^a _| Eogm H$moB Xygam Xoe Zht h, {OgH$m _mZd-_Z Ho$
CWmZ _| BVZm `moJXmZ ahm hmo& Bg{bE _oao nmg AnZo Xoe H$s {ZXm
Ho$ {bE H$moB eX Zht h& _ Ch| H$hVm h, ""AmnZo ~hV AN>m {H$`m
h, ~g Hw$N> Ama AN>m H$aZo H$m `Z H$amo&""
`hr ~mV| {dkmZ Ho$ {bE ^r bmJy hmoVr h& ^maV Zo Vmo nwamVZ
H$mb _| ^r g~go nhbo dkm{ZH$ {M{H$gH$ {XE, Ama ga {d{b`_
hQ>a Ho$ AZwgma ^maV Zo ZmZm agm`Zm| H$m emoY H$aHo$ ZmH$-H$mZ H$s
{dH${V`m| H$mo ghr AmH$ma XoH$a, AmYw{ZH$ {M{H$gm {dkmZ _| ^r
`moJXmZ {X`m h& J{UV, ~rOJ{UV, aoIm J{UV, IJmobem Ama
AmYw{ZH$ {dkmZ {_{lV J{UV H$s J{V _| Vmo Ama ~hV Hw$N> {H$`m h&
BZ g~H$m A{dH$ma ^maV _| R>rH$ dgo hr hAm Ogo Xg AH$m| H$m, Omo
dV_mZ g`Vm Ho$ g_V AZwgYmZm| H$s AmYma-{ebm h& BZ AH$m|
H$m AdofU ^maV _| hAm Omo dVwV gH$V eXmdbr _| h&
O g m {H$ _hmZ O_ Z Xme { ZH$ emo n o Z hmo d a Zo drH$ma {H$`m h
{H$ Xe Z -em _| Vmo AmO ^r h_ {H$gr ^r Xy g ao Xo e go AJ U r h &
g J rV _| ^maV Zo AnZm da {gmV {X`m h {Og_| gmV _y b ^y V
da Am a AZo H $ amJ h &... ^mfm {dkmZ _| h_mar g H $ V ^mfm H$mo
AmO {d Va na g_V `y a mo n r` ^mfmAm| H$m AmYma drH$ma {H$`m
J`m h &
33/

dm_r {ddoH$mZX H$m OrdZ Ama gXoe

gm{h` _| h_mao _hmH$m`, H$m` Am a ZmQ>H$ {H$gr ^r Xy g ar

^mfm _| CnbY gm{h` Ho $ CV_ Va na h ; h_mao "A{^kmZ
emHw $ Vb_ ' H$mo O_ Z Ho $ _hmZ H${d Jo Q >o Zo BZ eXm| _| H$hm "dJ Am a Yam H$m {_bZ"& B g n H$s H$WmE ^maV H$s Xo Z h Omo
B g n Zo EH$ g H $ V H$s nw VH$ go bt& Aao { ~`Z ZmBQ > g Bgr H$s
Xo Z h & `hm VH$ {H$ {gS > o b m Am a ~rZ Q>m g H$s H$hm{Z`m ^r&
gm_mZ ~ZmZo _| ^r - H$nmg Am a ~ J Zr a J a J Zo d mbm ^maV nhbm
Xo e Wm, Am^y f Um| Ho $ g^r H$m_m| _| {Znw U Wm VWm "e$a" eX Am a
dVw , `o Xmo Z m| hr ^maV H$s Xo Z h & AV _| eVa O , Vme Am a nmgo
\| $ H$Zo Ho $ Io b ^r ^maV Ho $ Am{dH$ma h & dmVd _| ha jo _|
^maV BVZm _hmZ Wm {H$ BgHo $ H$maU `y a mo n Ho $ ^y I o X`w ^maV H$s
gr_mAm| H$s Amo a qIMo Mbo AmE {OgHo $ \$bd$n namo j $n go
A_arH$m H$s Imo O hmo JB , Am a , _o a r `h Mw Z m V r h {H$ H$mo B ~Vm
gHo $ {H$ ^maV Ho $ am > r` OrdZ _| dh H$m Z -gm g_` ahm O~
CgH$s Am`mp_H$ {dembVm _o H$_r AmB hmo Am a ^maV {d H$mo
^m{dV H$aZo _| gj_ Z ahm hmo & naVw CgH$m H$m_ Am`mp_H$Vm
h , [Ogo `w H$s Vmonm| go `m OWm| Ho$ Hy$M go gn Zht {H$`m Om
gH$Vm& {d na CgH$m ^md Cfm H$mb H$s Amog Ogm nS>m h, Omo
{H$gr H$mo gwZmB Zht nS>Vr Ama {OgH$s nadmh _wpH$b go H$s OmVr h,
naVw Cgr go Yam na lo>V_ nwn {IbVo h&""


Y_ ^maV H$s Am_m

Chm|Zo H$hm {H$ Y_ (A`m_) hr ^maV H$s Am_m h& Ogo Y_,
Am`mp_H$Vm CgH$s Am_m h, CgH$m nwZWmZ ^r Y_ go hr hmoZm
dm_r {ddoH$mZX H$m OrdZ Ama gXoe/34

Amd`H$ h&
Y_ _| hr ^maV Ho$ mU h, Ama O~ VH$ {hXy Om{V AnZo nydOm|
H$s Yamoha H$mo Zht ^ybVr, {d H$s H$moB ^r e{$ Eogr Zht h Omo Cgo
Z> H$a gHo$& O~ VH$ eara H$m a$ ew Ama ge$ ahVm h, Cg
eara _| {H$gr amoJ Ho$ H$sQ>mUw Zht ah gH$Vo& h_mao eara H$m a$
A`m_ h& O~ VH$ `h {Z~mY J{V go, ge$, ew VWm OrdVVm
go dm{hV hmoVm ahoJm, g~ Hw$N> R>rH$-R>mH$ ahoJm, amOZr{VH$, gm_m{OH$
Ama Xygao H$B ~S>o Xmof, `hm VH$ {H$ Xoe H$s X[aVm ^r, g~ R>rH$ hmo
OmEJo `{X a$ ew h& h_mar Om{V H$m b` H$^r amOZr{VH$ _hmZVm
`m g` e{$ Zht ahm, dh H$^r Zht ahm Ama... H$^r Zht ahoJm&
h_ XoIVo ^r h {H$ ^maVr` Om{V H$^r gnXm OwQ>mZo _| aV Zht
ahr& `{n h_Zo Anma gnXm nm H$s, BVZr gnXm, {OVZr H$moB
A` Xoe Zht OwQ>m nm`m hmoJm, VWm{n `h Xoe gnXm H$m njYa Zht
ahm& `h g{X`m| go EH$ ge$ Om{V ahr, naVw h_ XoIVo h {H$ `h Xoe
H$^r gmm H$m njYa Zht ahm, H$^r Xygao Xoe H$mo OrVZo Zht J`m&
^maV H$mo H$^r gm_m` H$s ^yI Zht ahr& Bg Om{V Ho$ AmXe gmm
Ama gnXm H$^r Zht aho&
_Zo WmoS>r gr Xw{Z`m XoIr h, nyd n{_ H$s Om{V`m| _| J`m h,
gd _Zo nm`m {H$ ha am> H$m AnZm-AnZm AmXe hmoVm h, Omo CgH$s
arT> H$s h>r H$m H$m_ H$aVm h, Cgo Cg Om{V H$s arT> H$s h>r H$hm Om
gH$Vm h& {H$gr Xoe H$s arT> H$s h>r amOZr{V hmoVr h, {H$gr H$s
gm_m{OH$ gH${V, {H$gr H$s ~m{H$ gH${V B`m{X& naVw h_mar
^maV_mVm H$m AmYma, CgH$s arT> H$s h>r, Y_ Ama Ho$db Y_ hr h,
35/

dm_r {ddoH$mZX H$m OrdZ Ama gXoe

`m|{H$ Bgr M>mZ na BgHo$ gnyU OrdZ H$m {demb mgmX IS>m h&
^maVr` OrdZebr H$m `hr Vd h, CgHo$ emV gJrV H$s `hr
YwZ h, CgH$s arT> H$s h>r `hr h, `hr CgH$s Ztd h - CgH$s
Ap_Vm H$m Xygam H$maU h - _mZd Om{V H$m Am`mp_H$sH$aU&
AnZo Bg OrdZ-_mJ go dh H$^r {dM{bV Zht hAm h, emgZ Mmho
VmVma H$m hmo `m VwH$m] H$m, _wJb emgZ H$ao `m Mmho AJoO&


nwZWmZ H$m _mJ

nwZWmZ H$m H$m_ H$go {H$`m OmE? Chm|Zo `moOZm Bg H$ma Xr

1.

{dKQ>Z (Z>) _V H$amo

gdW_ _ _mZd_m go Bg C{$ H$mo _m`Vm XoZo H$mo H$hJm ""Z> _V H$amo&"" {dKQ>ZH$mar gwYmaH$ ggma H$m H$moB ^bm Zht H$aVo&
Vmo{S>E _V, {JamBE _V, A{nVw Hw$N> ~ZmBE, {Z_mU H$r{OE& hmo gHo$
Vmo ghm`Vm H$s{OE, Z hmo gHo$ Vmo hmW OmoS> br{OE Ama Omo hmo ahm h,
Cgo IS>o hmoH$a Xo{IE& Amn ghm`Vm Zht H$a gH$Vo Vmo hm{Z ^r _V
nhMmBE... _mZd Ohm h dht go Cgo ghmam Xr{OE... &
2.

OZgmYmaU H$m CWmZ H$s{OE

AnZo gm_Zo `hr b` a{IE - "OZgmYmaU H$m CWmZ CZH$s

AmWm H$mo R>og nhMmE {~Zm&" _aU aho {H$ Xoe Pm|n{S>`m| _| ~gVm
h... {H$gr Xoe H$m maY.. dhm Ho$ OZgm_m` H$s Xem na {Z^a H$aVm
h& `m Amn CZH$m CWmZ H$a gH$Vo h? `m Amn Ch|, CZHo$ ghO
Am`mp_H$ d^md H$mo hm{Z nhMmE {~Zm CZH$m Imo`m `{$d bmQ>m
gH$Vo h? Amoh, _oam X` nrS>m go H$amh CR>Vm h O~ _ gmoMVm h {H$
h_ ^maV Ho$ X[a Ama X{bVm| Ho$ ~mao _| H$go {dMma aIVo h ! CZHo$
dm_r {ddoH$mZX H$m OrdZ Ama gXoe/36

{bE CR>Zo H$m, Cg pW{V go ~M {ZH$bZo H$m H$moB Adga hr eof Zht
ah J`m h& ^maV Ho$ X[am|, X{bVm| Ama n{VVm| H$m H$moB {_ Zht, H$moB
ghm`H$ Zht... do {V{XZ Jhao Sy>~Vo hr OmVo h... {nN>bo Hw$N> dfm] go
H$B {dMmaH$ Bg pW{V H$mo XoIVo Am aho h, {H$Vw Xw^m` go Chm|Zo
Cgo {hXy Y_ Ho$ ma na bm nQ>H$m h Ama CZHo$ {bE {d Ho$ Bg
_hmZV_ Y_ H$mo Hw$MbZm hr gwYma H$m _mJ h& {_m| ! gwZmo, Ba H$s
H$nm go _Zo Bg ah` H$mo ImoO {b`m h& Y_ _| H$moB Xmof Zht h& d`
AmnH$m Y_ AmnH$mo `h ~VmVm h {H$ ha `{$ ZmZm $nm| _| AmnH$m hr
{V$n h& _oam Xmdm h {H$ {hXy g_mO Ho$ gwYma Ho$ {bE Y_ H$mo {dH$V
H$aZo H$s Amd`H$Vm Zht h VWm g_mO H$s dV_mZ AdWm H$m H$maU
Y_ Zht h ~pH$ Y_ H$mo g_mO na ghr $n go bmJy Zht {H$`m OmZm
h, Ogm {H$ {H$`m OmZm Mm{hE Wm& AnZo nwamZo JWm| Ho$ AmYma na _
Ajae `h {g H$aZo Ho$ {bE V`ma hy& _ `h {gImZm MmhVm h Ama
h_| Bgr H$mo {H$`mpdV H$aZo Ho$ {bE OrdZ^a gKf H$aZm hmoJm&
3.

AnZo ^yVH$mb H$mo Om{ZE

^yVH$mb go hr dV_mZ H$m {Z_mU hmoVm h& Bg{bE {OVZm hmo

gHo$ _wS>H$a XoImo, nrN>o Ny>Q> JE emV PaZm| H$m Ob {n`moo Ama BgHo$
~mX AmJo XoImo, AmJo ~T>mo Ama gXd ^maV H$mo nH$me_mZ Ed _hmZ
~ZmAmo Ama BVZm D$Mm bo OmAmo {OVZm dh H$^r ahm ^r Z hmoJm&
h_mao nydO _hmZ Wo& h_| Bgo nwZOmJV H$aZm hmoJm& h_| AnZo ApVd
Ho$ Vdm| H$mo nhMmZZm hmoJm, AnZr {eamAm| _o ~hVo a$ H$mo OmZZm
hmoJm... h_| ^maV H$mo Cggo ^r _hmZ ~ZmZm hmoJm {OVZm _hmZ dh H$^r
ahm ^r Z hmo&
37/

dm_r {ddoH$mZX H$m OrdZ Ama gXoe

AmOH$b Omo bJmVma AnZo ^yVH$mb H$mo XoIVm ahVm h, dh Cgo

bm{N>V H$aVm h& H$hm J`m h {H$ ^yVH$mb H$mo Bg Vah _wS>H$a XoIVo
ahZm hr ^maV H$s `Wm H$m H$maU h& _wPo Vmo bJVm h {H$ {dnarV
pW{V hr ghr h& O~ VH$ h_ ^yVH$mb H$mo ^wbmE aho, {hXy am>
`m_moh _| ahm, Ogo hr h_Zo AnZm ^yVH$mb XoIZm ew$ {H$`m Mmam| Amoa
OrdZ H$s VmOm A{^`{$ \$b JB, Mmam| Amoa OrdZ H$m ZdrZ MV`
\w${Q>V hmo J`m& Bgr ^yVH$mb Ho$ gmMo go ^{d` JT>Zm hmoJm, ^{d` H$m
{Z_mU H$aZm hmoJm& `hr ^yV ^{d` ~Z OmEJm& Bgr{bE {hXy AnZo
^yVH$mb H$m {OVZm A``Z H$a|Jo CVZm hr CZH$m ^{d` Cdb hmoJm,
VWm Omo H$moB ^yVH$mb H$mo Ka-Ka nhM mEJm dhr AnZo am> H$m _hmZ {hVfr
hmoJm& ^maV Ho$ nVZ H$m H$maU `h Zht Wm {H$ CZHo$ mMrZ gm_m{OH$
{Z`_ d nanam ~wao Wo, A{nVw H$maU `h Wm {H$ Ch| AnZr {Z`{V n[aU{V
VH$ Zht bo OmZo {X`m J`m&
4.

Xoe H$s {d^y{V`m| H$m g_mZ

h_| _hmZ gVm| H$s nyOm ma^ H$aZr hmoJr& CZ _hmZ Am_mAm|
H$s nyOm {Oh| emV g` H$m AZw^d hAm, Omo CZHo$ {bE AZwH$aUr`
AmXe h, Ch| bmoJm| Ho$ gm_Zo AmXe Ho$ $n _| VwV H$aZm hmoJm;
Ogo ^maV _| AZoH$ _| go lram_, lrH$U, _hmdra Ama lram_H$U
B`m{X& `m Amn Bg Xoe _| lram_ Ama _hmdra H$s nyOm H$adm gH$Vo
h?... lrH$U H$s nyOm, CZH$s JrVm Ho$ dam| H$s JOZm H$m Mma XyaXya H$a Xmo, EH$ qgh H$s JOZm H$s Vah h_| A~ A{YH$meV dra^md H$s
Amd`H$Vm h {Og_| ES>r go MmoQ>r VH$ {eamAm| _| ^anya amOgr MoVZm
H$m nXZ hmo -Eogm dra Omo g` H$mo OmZZo Ho$ {bE AnZo mUm| H$s
dm_r {ddoH$mZX H$m OrdZ Ama gXoe/38

~mOr bJm Xo - Eogm dra {OgHo$ {bE "`mJ" H$dM hmo Ama "~w{_mm"
IL>J&
5.

{ejm: _yb^yV Amd`H$Vm

{ejm, {ejm Ama Ho$db {ejm ! `yamon Ho$ AZoH$ ZJam| H$s `mm
Ho$ XmamZ _Zo Jar~m| VH$ H$s gwI-gw{dYmAm| H$mo Ama CZH$s {ejm H$mo
XoIm, {OgHo$ gm_Zo _oao _Z _| AnZo Jar~ bmoJm| H$s N>{d CVa AmB,
Ama _oar AmIm| go Amgy ~h {ZH$bo& BVZm AVa `m|? _wPo Bg
Z H$m Cma {_bm, {ejm ! {ejm go Am_{dmg nXm hmoVm h,
Am_{dmg go AVa _| ~R>m ~ OmJVm h, O~ {H$ h_mam ~
eZ-eZ emV hmoVm Om ahm h&
Ho$db OmZH$mar H$m dh T>oa {ejm Zht H$hbm gH$Vm, {Ogo Vwhmao
{X_mJm| _| Ry>g-Ry>gH$a ^a {X`m OmVm h Ama Omo {~Zm Am_gmV hE
dhm OrdZ^a Cnd _Mm`m H$aVm h& h_| {dMmamo H$mo Bg H$ma
Am_gmV H$a boZm Mm{hE {H$ CZHo$ mam h_mam OrdZ-{Z_mU hmo
gHo$, h_mam Mm[a{H$ JR>Z hmo gHo$ Ama h_ _Zw` ~Z gH|$& `{X Vw_
Ho$db nmM hr ^mdm| H$mo Am_gmV H$a VXZwgma AnZo OrdZ Ama
M[a H$m JR>Z H$a gH$mo Vmo Cg _Zw` H$s Anojm H$ht A{YH$ {e{jV
hmo, {OgZo EH$ nyam H$m nyam nwVH$mb` H$R>W H$a aIm hmo&
AV, h_mam b` `hr h {H$ h_mao Xoe H$s gnyU bm{H$H$ Ama
nma_m{W H $ {ejm h_mao hmWm| _| hmo Am a `h {ejm h_mar am > r`
Amd`H$VmAm| Ho$ AZw$n hmo Ama Ohm VH$ g^d hmo gHo$, am>r`
n{V go hr Xr OmZr Mm{hE&

39/

dm_r {ddoH$mZX H$m OrdZ Ama gXoe

6.

`wdm AmJo AmEJo

h_| H$m` ma^ H$aZm Mm{hE& naVw H$go? EH$ _pXa hmoZm
Mm{hE... h_ Cgo Ja-gmXm{`H$ _pXa ~ZmEJo, EH$ _m Cnm`
""$"" hmo Omo h_mao g^r Y_ gXm`m| H$m VrH$ h... Bg _pXa Ho$ gmW
EH$ gWm hmo, {Og_| Eogo {ejH$ V`ma {H$E OmE Omo h_mao bmoJm| _| Y_
Mma Ed bm{H$H$ {ejm XoZo hoVw gd ^_U H$aVo ah|; Ch| XmoZm| H$m_
H$aZo hm|Jo&... V~ Bht Y_ MmaH$m| Ama {ejH$m| Ho$ _m`_ go H$m`
H$m {dVma hmoJm Ama H$_e A` WmZm| na ^r Bgr H$ma Ho$ _pXa
{V{>V hm|Jo Ama `h H$m` gnyU ^maV H$mo `m H$a boJm& `h _oar
`moOZm h& `h ~S>r {demb bJVr hmoJr, na CgH$s Bg g_` Amd`H$Vm
h& Amn nyN>|Jo, YZ H$hm h? YZ H$s Amd`H$Vm Zht h& YZ Vmo Hw$N>
Zht h.. _Zw` Mm{hE& _Zw` H$hm h? `hr Vmo Z h&
Bg{bE CR> IS>o hmo OmAmo, OrdZ ~hV WmoS>m h& ~hV ~S>o H$m`
H$aZo h, Z {H$ EH$ dH$sb ~ZH$a VH$-{dVH$ H$aVo hE Xmof {ZH$mbZm
h& AnZo de Ho$ H$`mU Ho$ {bE Ama _mZdVm H$s ^bmB Ho$ {bE Bg
_hmZ H$m` _| d` H$mo bJmZo Ho$ A{V[a$ Ama H$moB _hmZ H$m` Zht h&
OrdZ _| `m h?... Bg{bE Mbmo, EH$ _hmZ H$m` hmW _| bmo Ama gmam
OrdZ Cg_| bJm Xmo& Eogm h_mam gH$n hmo&
_oam {dmg ZB nrT>r _| h, AmYw{ZH$ nrT>r _| h, CZ_| go hr
H$m`H$Vm {_b|Jo& do {ghm| H$s Vah gmar g_`mAm| H$m hb {ZH$mb b|Jo&
Bg H$m_ H$mo H$aZo Ho$ {bE AmZo dmbo `wdmAm| Ho$ {Z{_m Chm|Zo
VrZ Amd`H$VmE {ZYm[aV H$s H$) X` go AZw^d H$amo
dm_r {ddoH$mZX H$m OrdZ Ama gXoe/40

I) Cnm` H$mo OmZmo

J) n{d Co` d AX` BN>me{$ aImo
dm_r {ddoH$mZX H$m AmmZ BVZm e{$embr Wm {H$ ^maVr` _Z _|
AXa VH$ {d> hmo J`m Ama eVmpX`m| go O_r hB Yyb H$mo PH$Pmoa H$a
hQ>m {X`m& Cgr Ho$ n[aUm_d$n AZoH$ AmXmobZ, godm-H$m`m] H$m AJbr
eVmXr _| CX` hAm& H$mob~mo go A_moS>m H$s `mm _| CZHo$ mam {XE
JE gXoe am>r` H$m` Ho$ {bE gXm Ho$ {bE oaUmXm`r ~Z JE&


{Z>mdmZ npM_r {e`m| H$m _hd

^maV Ho$ {bE dm_r {ddoH$mZX H$m n{_ {XpdO` H$m nyam
H$aU hr EH$ Jham gmjmH$ma Wm, {hXy Y_ H$s mg{JH$Vm H$m
Am_-gmjmH$ma! ^maV H$mo `h Bg H$ma {>JmoMa hAm dm_r
{ddoH$mZX O~ A_o[aH$m JE V~ nyUV {ZYZ, AkmV, n{_ Ho$ ahZ-ghZ
go {~Hw$b AZ{^k g`mgr Wo& A_o[aH$m _| H$moB n[a{MV Zht Wm Omo
CZH$s _XX H$aVm& O~ do 10000 _rb Xya Xoe Ho$ {bE {ZH$b nS>o V~
CZHo$ nmg CZH$m T> {Z`, {hXy Y_ H$s Jhar g_P Ama AnZo H$>_`
Xoedm{g`m| Ho$ {V AJmY o_ Ho$ A{V[a$ `m Wm? `m Cg AZOmZo Ama
{d{M Xoe _| Or{dV ~MZo Ho$ {bE `h n`m Wm? Ho$db gwa{jV OrZo H$s
hr ~mV `m H$h|? ^maV Ho$ hf H$s gr_m Zht ahr O~ `h XoIm {H$
dm_rOr n{_ go bmQ>o Vmo do _mZdVm H$s ajm H$m dV {b`o EH$ {d{dOoVm Wo ! Bg ~mV Zo Cg g_` ^maV Ho$ bmoJm| na {H$g Vah H$m
^md S>mbm hmoJm, h_ AN>r Vah gmoM gH$Vo h& Ch| ^mZ hAm {H$
dmVd _| {hXy Y_ H$s ghr g_P hr ^maV H$s _hmZVm Ama _mZdVm Ho$
H$`mU H$s Hw$Or h&
41/

dm_r {ddoH$mZX H$m OrdZ Ama gXoe

dm_r {ddoH$mZX Ho$ {dO`r nwZamJ_Z Ho$ g_` CZHo$ gmW Hw$N>
{dXoer {e` ^r AmE Wo, {Ohm|Zo {hXy Y_ drH$ma {H$`m& CgH$m
^maVdm{g`m| Ho$ _Z na `j ^md hAm& lr. d lr_Vr go{d`a, lr.
JwS>{dZ Ama A` {e` Ho$db Bg{bE Zht AmE Wo {H$ do dm_rOr Ho$
egH$ Wo, A{nVw Chm|Zo {hXy Y_ drH$ma {H$`m Wm& g{X`m| go XmgVm _|
Or aho bmoJm| Ho$ {b`o {dO`r Om{V Ho$ bmoJm| H$mo nam{OV Om{V H$m Y_
drH$maVo XoIZm, {H$gr M_H$ma go H$_ Zht Wm& ~mX _| Xygao {dXoer {e`
Ogo {H$Q>mBZ, _mJaoQ> Zmo~b Am{X ^r AmE& dm_rOr Zo _mJaoQ> Zmo~b H$mo
Xrjm XoH$a, Zm_ {X`m - {Zdo{XVm, nyU g_{nV& Xrjm Ho$ gmW nMS>
$nmVaU H$m H$m` ma^ hAm - dm_rOr Zo Ch| ^maV g_PmZo Ho$ {bE
H$moB H$ga Zht N>moS>r & ^maVr` OrdZebr Ho$ AmV[aH$ AZw^d Ho$ {bE
dm_rOr AnZo {e`m| H$mo Hw$N> WmZm| H$s VrW`mm na bo JE Ama do ^maV
Ho$ gmW BVZo EH$$n hmo JE {H$ O~ ^maV _| boJ Ama ~mT> Ho$ H$maU
nr{S>V bmoJm| H$s godm H$m Adga Am`m V~ {Zdo{XVm Bg H$m` _| g~go
AmJo Wr&
H$mobH$mVm go nmM _rb Xya, JJm Ho$ n{_r VQ> na ~obyS> _|
^yIS> {b`m J`m Ama _R> Ho$ ^dZ {Z_mU H$m H$m_ ma^ {H$`m J`m&
OZdar 1899 _| g`mgr ZE _R> _| WmZmV[aV hE& Omo A~ ~obyS>
_R> Ho$ Zm_ go {g h& "X {Zdo{XVm Jg Hy$b' H$m CXKmQ>Z nhbo
hr hmo MwH$m Wm& Bgr g_` ~mbm _m{gH$ H$meZ ""CX~moYZ"" ^r ew$
hmo MwH$m Wm& go{d`a Xn{m Zo _mM 1899 _| _m`mdVr (A_moS>m)
pWV AV Aml_ ImobH$a {h_mb` H$s VamB _| EH$ _R> Wm{nV H$aZo
H$m dm_rOr H$m gnZm gmH$ma H$a {X`m Wm & AJoOr _m{gH$ ""~w
dm_r {ddoH$mZX H$m OrdZ Ama gXoe/42

^maV'' Omo nhbo _mg _| ew$ {H$`m J`m Wm Cgo ^r _m`mdVr pWV
AV Aml_ _| 1899 _| bm`m J`m& _mg _| ^r H$m` $n bo ahm Wm&
A` WmZm| go ^r dm_rOr H$mo AmJhnydH$ {Z_U Am aho Wo& dm_rOr
Zo ^r CZ WmZm|, {deofH$a nwUo Ama X{jU Ho$ Hw$N> WmZm| H$s `mm
H$aZo H$s `moOZm ~ZmB naVw CZH$m dm` {~JS>Vm hr Mbm J`m&
dm` _| gwYma H$s Amemgo CZHo$ gmWr {^jwAm| Zo CZHo$ {\$a
go n{_ OmZo H$s `moOZm H$m dmJV {H$`m& AV dm_r {ddoH$mZX,
dm_r Vw[a`mZX Ama ^{JZr {Zdo{XVm H$mo gmW boH$a 20 OyZ, 1899
Ho$ {XZ ^maV go {ZH$bo& dm_rOr H$s `h `mm XmoZm| Ho$ {bE ~S>r
{ejmX ahr& ^{JZr {Zdo{XVm Zo {bIm, "Am{X go AV VH$ OrdV
H$WmAm| H$s Ymam {ZaVa ~Zr ahr& `h H$moB Zht OmZ nm`m {H$ {H$g jU
AVkmZ H$m{eV hmo OmEJm Ama {H$g ZE g` H$m ZmX JyO CR>oJm&"


""_ gd _Zw`m| H$mo o[aV H$$Jm""

dm_rOr 9 {Xg~a, 1900 H$mo EH$mEH$ ^maV bmQ> AmE, `m|{H$

Ch| H$Q>oZ go{d`a Ho$ XohmdgmZ H$m Am^mg hAm& ~obyS> _R> _| dm_r
{ddoH$mZX Zo H$Q>oZ go{d`a Ho$ XohmV Ho$ ~mao _| gwZm, Bg{bE do
VH$mb lr_Vr go{d`a H$mo gmdZm XoZo Ho$ {bE _m`mdVr admZm hmo
JE& {XZmH$ 3 OZdar 1901 Ho$ {XZ nhMH$a do dhm EH$ nIdmS>m Ho$&
{h_mb` H$s JmoX _| ~go AV H$mo g_{nV Cg Aml_ H$s mH${VH$ N>Q>m
go do ~S>o AmZpXV hE& AnZr AdWVm Ama H$S>mHo$ H$s gXu Ho$
~mdOyX C_w$ d Amm{XV ^md go do dZm| Ama H${_ Prb Ho$ {H$Zmao
Ky_m H$aVo Wo&
~obyS> bmQ>H$a do dhm gmV gmh VH$ Ho$ Ama {\$a nyd ~Jmb
43/

dm_r {ddoH$mZX H$m OrdZ Ama gXoe

Ama Ag_ Ho$ {bE {ZH$bo& CZH$s _mVmOr ^r CZHo$ gmW JB - Chm|Zo
VrW H$aZo H$s hm{XH$ BN>m H$s Wr& "{H$gr {hXy {dYdm H$s `h ~b
BN>m hAm H$aVr h," Chm|Zo lr_Vr ~wb H$mo {bIm, ""_Zo AnZm| Ho$
{bE Ho$db H$> hr bmE h& A~ _ CZH$s EH$ BN>m H$s ny{V H$aZo
H$m `mg H$a ahm h&"" `hm dm_rOr ho_M Kmof, ~~mYd
Cnm`m`, gBX Abr_wrZ Ah_X Ogo AZoH$ `wdmAm| go {_bo& dm_rOr
go oaUm nmH$a `o g^r H$mpVH$mar hmo JE& dm_rOr AnZr `mm Ho$
XmamZ ZmJb ~mY, H$m_m`m Ama {ebmJ hmoVo hE, _B 1901 Ho$ Xygao
gmh _R> _| bmQ>o& Bg XmamZ Chm|Zo T>mH$m, JmohmQ>r Ama {ebmJ _|
Hw$N> dMZ ^r {XE& dm_r {ddoH$mZX Ho$ oaUmXm`r eXm| Zo eZ
eZ ~hV go am>r` ZoVmAm| Ama H$mpVH$m[a`m| na ^md S>mbm&
gZ 1901 Ho$ g_m hmoVo-hmoVo Xmo ~m {dmZ Ch| OmnmZ _| hmoZodmbo
AmJm_r Y_ g_obZ _| ^mJ boZo Ho$ {bE dhm go {Z_U XoZo AmE Wo&
dm_rOr CZH$m {Z_U drH$ma Zht H$a gHo$ na CZHo$ gmW ~moY J`m
Ama dhm go dmamUgr JE& dmamUgr _| O~ Chm|Zo XoIm {H$ CZHo$ gXoe
go o[aV hmoH$a Hw$N> `wdmAm| Zo Jar~m| Ama O$aV_Xm| H$s godm H$aZm ew$
H$a {X`m h, V~ CZH$m AmZpXV hmoZm dm^m{dH$ Wm& CZHo$ Bg H$m` go
"am_H$U {_eZ hmo_ Am\$ g{dg" V`ma hmo J`m Wm&
`{n ^maV Ch| gwZZo Ho$ {bE CgwH$ Wm {\$a ^r dm_rOr Zo
nm`m {H$ ^maV H$mo AnZr XmgVm Ho$ ^md Ogo B`m, Am_{dmg H$mo
ImoZm, Co` H$s n>Vm _o H$_r B`m{X N>moS>Zo Ho$ {bE g_` bJoJm&
`{n H$_e {H$Vw ~Xbmd Yr_r J{V go Wm Ama ^maV Ho$ {V CZH$m
o_ BVZm JmT> Wm {H$ Ch| OZ-g_yh H$s nrS>m A`{YH$ XwI XoVr
dm_r {ddoH$mZX H$m OrdZ Ama gXoe/44

Wr& EH$ ~ma amV H$mo, CZHo$ H$_ao Ho$ nmgdmbo H$_ao _| gmoE hE Jw ^mB
dm_rOr Ho$ gw~H$Zo H$s AmdmO gwZH$a OmJ JE& do H$_ao _| VwaV nhwMo
Ama XoIm dm_rOr gw~H$ aho h, ""dm_rOr `m AmnH$m dm` R>rH$
Zht h?"" Chm|Zo dm_r {ddoH$mZX go nyN>m& dm_rOr Zo M{H$V hmoH$a
H$hm, ""_wPo bJm Vw_ Jhar ZtX _| hmo& Zht _oao `mao, _ ~r_ma Zht h&
naVw O~ VH$ _oam Xoe nr{S>V h, _ gmo Zht gH$Vm& _ amo ahm Wm Ama
lram_H$U go mWZm H$a ahm Wm, {H$ h_| erK hr AN>o {XZ XoIZo H$mo
{_b|"" Eogm Wm CZH$m Omd` o_-^maV Ama CgHo$ bmoJm| Ho$ {V&
dm_rOr OmZVo Wo {H$ CZH$m AV {ZH$Q> h& AnZo ApV_ {XZm| Ho$
CZHo$ gmao {H$`m H$bmn gmoMo g_Po Ama AWnUy Wo& {XZmH$ 4 OwbmB,
1902 (AmfmT> H$U `moXer, {dH$_ gdV 1957, `wJmX 5004) H$mo do `m|
hr mV 8 go 11 ~Oo VH$ `mZ _| ~R> JE& Xmonha _| do dm_r o_mZX Ho$
gmW Ky_Zo {ZH$bo Ama Ch| EH$ d{XH$ {dmb` ImobZo H$s `moOZm ~VmB&
{\$a Hw$N> `wdm bm^m{W`m| H$mo gH$V nT>mB& g`m g_` do AnZo H$j _|
Mbo JE Ohm Chm|Zo EH$ KQ>m `mZ {H$`m& {\$a do emV boQ> JE&
VnmV Xmo XrK dmg N>moS>Vo hE AZV _| {dbrZ hmo JE&
Chm|Zo AnZm Za eara `mJ {X`m Wm, naVw 1896 _| lr. E[aH$
h_S> H$mo bXZ _| H$ho JE `o eX haoH$ H$mo CZHo$ A_ad Ho$ {V
AmV H$aVo aho ""hmo gH$Vm h Bgr _| ^bm g_Py {H$ _ AnZo \$Q>o hE d H$s
Vah, eara H$mo CVma \o$Hy$ Ama Bg H$ma eara H$mo N>moS> Xy& naVw _oam
H$m_ Zht Ho$Jm& _ gd bmoJm| H$mo V~ VH$ o[aV H$aVm ahJm O~ VH$
{d `h Z OmZ bo {H$ dh Ba go EH$$n h&''
45/

dm_r {ddoH$mZX H$m OrdZ Ama gXoe

`h Ajae g` hAm& dVVm AmXmobZ hmo AWdm ~mX Ho$

g_V am>-{Z_mU Ho$ `mg, g^r Zo dm_r {ddoH$mZX go oaUm br&
~hV gmao bmoJ AmO ^r oaUm bo aho h Ama ^{d` _| ^r boVo ah|Jo&


dm_rOr H$m AQy>Q> ^maV-o_

dm_rOr Zo ^maVdm{g`m| H$mo AnZo Xoe go o_ H$aZm, Cgo AmXa

XoZm Ama CgHo$ {bE H$m_ H$aZm {gIm`m& Ch| nyam {dmg Wm {H$ {d
H$mo n{_r ^m{VH$Vm H$s Anojm ^maVr` Am`mp_H$ {Z{Y H$s H$ht
A{YH$ Amd`H$Vm h& Ama CZH$m T> {dmg n{_r g`Vm H$s
M_H$-X_H$ Ama VS>H$-^S>H$ go H$^r Zht S>J_Jm`m, Z hr Bg H$maU
CZ_| H$^r jU^a H$mo ^r hrZ ^mdZm Am`r& Bg_| H$moB gXoh Zht {H$
CZHo$ gmhg Ama {Z>m H$s e{$ Zo hr n{_ Ho$ ghm| bmoJm| H$mo ^maV
Ama CgH$s g`Vm Ho$ {V o_ H$aZo Ho$ {bE o[aV {H$`m Wm&
^maV Ama CgH$s OZVm Ho$ {bE dm_rOr o_ H$s {V_y{V Wo& Omo
^r CZHo$ gnH$ _| Am`m Chm|Zo Cg_| ^maV Ho$ {V o_ OmJV H$a {X`m&
^{JZr {H$Q>rZ {bIVt h "_ gmoMVr h h_mao ^rVa ^maV Ho$ {V o_ H$m O_ Cgr g_` hmo
J`m Wm O~ CZH$s M_H$mar dmUr go "^maV" eX nhbr ~ma gwZm& {dmg
Zht hmoVm {H$ VrZ Aja Ho$ Bg N>moQ>o go eX _| BVZm M_H$ma hmo gH$Vm
h& Cg_| o_, CH$R>m, Jd, AmH$mjm, AmamYZm, emoH$mpVH$Vm, draVm
Ama nwZ o_ Wm& g_V JW ^r bmoJm| _| Eogo ^md Zht OJm gH$Vo Wo&
{Ohm|Zo ^r Cg eX H$mo gwZm, CZ na o_ H$m OmXy Mb J`m& gXm Ho$ {bE
^maV-^y{_ CZHo$ {Xbmo H$s H$m_Zm ~ZH$a ah JB& Cggo g~ g~ Hw$N>
gw{MnyU hmo J`m - OrdZ H$m AJ ~Z J`m - dhm Ho$ bmoJ, CgH$m B{Vhmg,
dm_r {ddoH$mZX H$m OrdZ Ama gXoe/46

dmVwH$bm, CgHo$ {e>mMma, ar{V-[admO, g[aVm, ndV, _XmZ, CgH$s

gH${V, CgH$s _hmZ Am`mp_H$ AdYmaUmE, CgHo$ Y_JW&"
do MmhVo Wo {H$ h_ _Zw`m| _|, ^maV_mVm _| pWV Xodd H$s nyOm H$a|
Ama Bgr{bE Chm|Zo T> hmoH$a H$hm ""AV XmgVm H$s d{m N>moS> Xmo& AmJm_r nMmg dfm] Ho$ {bE `hr
h_mam g_doV da ahoJm, - `h h_mar ^maV_mVm& Hw$N> g_` Ho$ {bE Xygao
Xodr-XodVmAm| H$mo h_mao _Z go {ZH$mb Xmo& `hr EH$ Xodr h Omo OmJV h,
h_mar AnZr Om{V-g^r OJh CgHo$ hmW h, g^r OJh CgHo$ na, gd
CgHo$ H$mZ, dh g^r _| `m h& Ama g^r Xod gmo aho h& CZ g^r Ho$ nrN>o
`m| ^mJ| O~ {H$ h_ Bg {damQ> H$s nyOm Zht H$a gH$Vo& O~ h_ CgH$s
nyOm H$a|Jo, h_ CZ g^r Xodm| H$s ^r nyOm H$a gH|$Jo&''
^maV Ho$ {V CZHo$ o_ Zo, CgH$m {\$a go H$m`mH$n {H$`m& CZHo$
nmm` Xoe Ho$ H$m` Zo ^maV H$mo dm{^_mZ, Jmad Ama OrZo H$m `moOZ {X`m
Wm& ^maV _| CZHo$ H$m` Ama CZHo$ ^maVr` OZ-g_yh Ho$ {V AQy>Q> o_ Ho$
mam dm_rOr Zo h_| am>r` OZOmJaU VWm _mZdVm H$mo OJmZo H$m dV {X`m&
AmBE ! h_ CZH$m AZwJ_Z H$a|, Bg d^dnyU ^maV-^y{_ H$m {\$a
go H$m`mH$n H$aZo H$m H$m_ H$a|& CZH$s gmY eVr Bg gH$n H$mo JhU
H$aZo Ho$ {bE ghr Adga h&
""^maV _| {~Iar hB Am`mp_H$ e{$`m| H$m EH$rH$aU hr am>r`
EH$Vm h& AV am> Ho$ $n _| ^maV H$mo CZ g~H$m gJR>Z H$aZm hmoJm
{OZHo$ X` H$s YS>H$Z EH$ Am`mp_H$ b` _| n{XV hmoVr hmo&''
AmBE ! mMrZ Xoe Ho$ H$m`mH$n Ho$ {bE `wdmAm| H$s Amoa Anojm go
XoIZodmbo Cg _hmZ Xoe^$ gV Ho$ dZ gmH$ma H$aZo Ho$ {bE h_ AnZr
47/

dm_r {ddoH$mZX H$m OrdZ Ama gXoe

g_V e{$`m EH${V H$a b|& Chm|Zo ^{d`dmUr H$s Wr&

""nm{d` H$s ^mdZm go Cr Ama na_m_m Ho$ {V AQy>Q> {Z>m go
gn, X[am| Ed Cno{jVm| Ho$ {V hm{XH$ ghmZw^{y V Ho$ H$maU, qgh Ho$ nmf
go `w$, ghm| Za-Zmar Xoe Ho$ EH$ H$moZo go Xygao H$moZo VH$ ^_U H$aVo hE
_w{$ H$m, gm_m{OH$ nwZWmZ H$m, gh`moJ Ama g_Vm H$m gXoe X|Jo &''
CZH$s gmYeVr Ho$ Adga na, AmBE ! h__| go `oH$ d` go
nyN>o `m _ CZHo$ Ano{jV bmIm| `wdmAm| _| go EH$ hy?
AmBE ! h_ Eogo ~Z OmE ! AmBE, gmW-gmW H$m` H$a AnZo JV`
VH$ nhMo !
CZH$s AmdmO h_| AmJo ~T>Zo Ho$ {bE o[aV H$a ahr h,
""CR>mo ! OmJmo! b` m{ VH$ H$mo _V !""

  

dm_r {ddoH$mZX H$m OrdZ Ama gXoe/48