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Matl
BluhtGovemot
Mark
S.
James
James F.
Keaihley
Van
GodseyDircctot,
DPS
ColoheL
MSHP
Ditectot,
MIAC
ThisStrategic Beporl analyzestheAnarchisl
lMovement
andrelaled Anarchlst
activitjes.
The majorityoi this
in-
iormation
i;open
source
a;d
can belocaledin many anarchyrelatedwebsites.RECIPIENTS
AFE
REMINDEDTH'S
DOCUI\TiENTIS A STRATEGJCBEPORTJ
THE INFOBMATIONTHEFEIN SHOULDNOT SERVEAS THEBASISFOF FUFTHEF
INVESTIGATJVE
ACTIVITY.
History
The
first
known
usage
01
ihe
wordAnarchy appearsin theplay"sevenAgainstThebes"
by
Aeschylusdaled
al
467
BC.
The heroi;e,Antigone openlyretuses
to
abideby
the
rulers'decree
to
leave
her
brotherPolyneices'
bodyunburied,aspunishme;tiorhispafiicipaiioninlheatlackonThebes.lnthiscontext,anarchyisreterenced
asa
retusal
to abide by
qovernment
decree.
According to
Harold
Barclay
(a
prolessorin anthropologyandnotablewriter in anarchisltheory),long beiore
an_
archjsm;merged as
a
distinctperspective,hUmanbeingslived for thousandsolyears
in
societieswithoUt
gov_
ernment.ltw;sonlyaitertheriseofhierarchicalsocietieslhalanarchislideaswereformulatedasacrjticalre
sponse to
andrelecljon of
coercive
poJilica
inslilutionsand hierarchica sociairelationshipsThomasJefierson spoke
oJ
his
respect
for a socletywith no
government.
"The
basis
of our
governments
being
theopinion
of
lhe
people,
the
very
ffst
object
shouldbe
tokeep
that
right; and
were
il
lelt
to
me
todecidewhetherwe should have
a
governmenl without newspapersor newspaperswjthoul
a
government,
I
shouldnol hesitate
a
momenl
to
preier
tihe
latter.
Blt
I
shouldmean
thal
everyman
shoulcJ
receive those
papers
andbe capable
o{
readjng them.
Iam
convincedthalthose societies
(as
the lndians),which
live
withoulgovernment' enjoyin theirgenerajmass
anjnfinilely
grealer
degree
olhappinessthan thosewho
live under
the Europeangovernments'Anarchistsplayedarole
jn
many
ol
thelabormovemenls,uprisings, andrevolutions
o'f
thelate
191h
andeariy
2othcenturies;includingtheRussianBevolution(1917)lntheUnitedStates,manynewimmigranlswereanar-
chists; an
especially
noLblegroup
was
thelarge number
ot
Jewishimmlgrantswhohad
left
Bussia andEasterr
iurcpeOuringtnetatelgtha;dearly20thcenruries
ThesegroupsweredisruptedbylheRedScareoll919
A
oeriod
inwhich there existed
stionq anii-communjstteelings
in
the
US
I1'ItrAC
STRATEG]C
REFORT
11-2A-2AAA
Anarch!st
lMovennent
On
16
September
1
920
al aboul
noon time,
if
NewYork
City
New York,
a
limedimprovisedexplosive device(lED)explodedin theback
ol a
horsedrawnwagon al the cornerot WallSlieet andBroadSlreetin
iront
oltheJ.P.
Morgar
building and
Assay Oflice,killing between38
and
40 civilians,iniurinq between 300and400others,andcausingexlensivedamage
to
severalnearby
vehicles
and buiJdings.The AmericanAnarchisl Fightersclaimed
responsibility,
bul
no arrestswere
ever
made.
A
surge
oi
popularinterest
in
anarchismoccuffedduring
the
1960s
and
-
1970s:
lntheUKthiswasassocialedw1hthepunkrockmovement;thebandcrassiscelebratedlorlisanarchistunO-pu"it"l
ideas;
ol note
is
atso
the Sex
Pisiols
hit"Anarchyin
the UK'ln
Denmark,
the
FreetownChristiania
"ui
!t"ut"O
t
ao""to*n
Copenhagen.The housing
and
employmenlcrlsisin
mosl
oJ
Westerf
Europeled lo
the
formation ol
communesand
squattermovemenls
like
the
one
still thrivingin Barcelona'SPain'
I]NCLASSIFIED/FOR
OFFICIAL
USE
ONLY
(U/,TOUO)
Anarchist
ldeology
There
aremany dillerenl ideoloqies
that an
anarchist
may
iollow. Althouglr lhere
may be
a
number
of
difierences,they
al
coriain
the same central beJief.Anarchism
is lhe
idea
thatgovernment(lhe
siate)
is unnecessary
and
harmful.
Anarchy is societywithoulgovernmenl. Anarchists arepeoplewho
desie
io live
n a socielywiiho!1
rllers
astheir anceslorsonce
did.
The main
beJiej
is thalthe
communiiy in
whichthey
live be dependanl
onlyupon
itseli.
PeopJewho
believe ingovernmenl (suchas
liberals,
conservatives, socialistsandfascisls) are
knownas
"slatis1s".
Anarchism
opposes alllorms oihierarchical
control.
The lerms"anarchism"
and'anarchy'
are oilencontused in their
meaning
When
mosl
peoplethinkAnarchisl,they think
ol
the chaolic[4olotov cocktail throwingteenager
(whi6h
grew
ou1
oi the
Anarcho-Punk
persona)
or
ALF/ELF members(AnimaLiberation
Front
and EarthLiberationFronl
_
Eco-Anarchism,Green
Anarchish,
or
Anarcho-Primitivism
ideologies). Allhoughthere are
a
Jew
direct
aclion
radical sub
groupsnol allbellevein
vio_
lence.
Anarcha-Mascu
I
in
ism
AretE-MmllnisN
sel oi socialphilosophiesthal locus
on
ihe
rights
and
erperiences
of
men.
[lasculin_
ism
is sometimes conlusedwithpalriarchy(slructuringol
society
on the basisol lamily unitswhere
iathers
have
primaryresponsjbjlily lor theweliare ol, hence
althority
over,
theirlamilies) while itsmaingoalis
to
complimenl
male
t;minism
and toprovide
a way
to show
lnequaljtiespresenl
ir
today's
system
Some
of
theircampaigns
in-cJude:
draft resislance(in
the
majority
oi
countries males aredraited instead
ol
jemales),breaking
the
tabooaround male adullvirginity, acceptance of sensilivity
of
males(inmany culturesil
is
assumed
that
"men don'l
cry"),
and more
equally
sharedparenlalresporlsibililywilh
children
i.e.paternal
ieave.
irom other syndjcales,
making
ii
in
lheirbesl interesl
to
share.Anarcho-Communismalso advocatestheab0lilronoiwork in
thi
sense olwaoJslavery,
and
recommendsworker seli'managemenltoimproveworking condjtions,
ifcreaseefliciency,andmakeworkingenjoyable.Symbolisared(communist)andblack(anarchist)flagAnarcho-syndicalism
is
the Anarchisl
wing of the
laborunion
movement
lts
primaryaim is
the
end olthe wage
system.
Their basicprincjpals
are
work-
ers
solidarity,
direcl
aclion, and
sellmanagement.
Anarcho-syndicalisls
be-iieve
thaionly drrecl action-tha1is, action concentratedondirecliy atlaining
a
goal,
as
opposed
to
indirecl action,
like
elecling
a
represenlalive
10
agov€rn-
;enl-will
allowworkers
toliberate
themselves
ThelnduslrialWorkersoi theWorld, a once-powerful,
stii
aclive, andagaingrowing
laboMion,
is
consid_
ered
a leadino
pan
ol
the
anarcho'syndicalislphilosophy
in
theUnjtedStales
Radical
ieminlsm supports thebeliei thalpatriarchy
is
a lundamenlalproblem
in
our
society.
Feminisl Anarchism,
or Anarcha-Feminjsm
a
lerm
creaiedduringsecond-waveleminism,viewspairlarchy
as
the
firsl
manifestaiionol
hi
erarchy
in human
history; thus,
the
'first
lorm
of oppression
occured
in thedominance of
male
over
female.
Anarchislieminjsm appears
in
individualistand collectivisi
forms,
with individualisl forms having
mosl
adherents
in
the
United
Slates,whilein
Europe
anarchisl feminismhashad more emphasis
on
collectivism
Symbol
is aplnk
(feminism)
and
biack(anarchist) llag
Anarcho-Communism,orLiberlarian Communism,is apolitica
ideology
related
loLibenarian socialism.Anarcho-communlsmstresses theabolitionol
money and
the
introd!ctior
oithegifleconomy
(an
economicsyslemin
which
goodsor services
are
given,rather than tladed)to
lacilitale
theexchange
ofgoods.
in Anarcho-Communism,proiilno longer exists.Goodsaregivenawayasgiits
in
the
faith
thalotherswill
also
oiveproduclsback(in
an
industrialsetting,thiswould occur
belween
worker syndicatesasweil
as belweenindividuals).
llone syndicaie
doesnol
share
their
products,they
will
notreceive
resouTces
UNCLASSIFIED/FOR
OFFICIAL
USE
ONLY
(U//FOUO)
Anarcho-Communism
An
a
rc
h
o-Prim itivism
Anarcho-primitivism
is an anarchisl cntiqueol lhe origins andprogressof
civilizalion.
Primilivists argue thal the shiflirom hunletrgatherer
10
agricul'
luTal
s!bsistencegaverlse
io
socialstratification coercion,
and
alienation.They advocate
a
return
to
non"civiljzed"
ways of
llle.through deindusrializa-
ton, abolii
on ol division
otlabor or
specialization, and abandonmentol
tech_nology.
There
are
however,
numerous
other
non
anarchisl
Jorms
ol
primiliv-ism, and not all Primitivislspoinlto the samephenomenonas the source ofmodern, clviiized
problems.
Anarcho-Primilivistsareoften
djstjng!ished
by
theirfocus on
theprocess
of achieving
an
unlamed
staie through
'rewllding
.
Bewllding
is
aboul'overcoming" human domestication andrelurnjng
io
lheinnale
wildness.
Though ollen assocjated withprimitive
skiJls
and learningknowledge aboulwildplantsand ani
mals
il
emphasizes
primalllving
as a
holistic
realily
Fewilding
is
mosl associatedwjlh Green Anarchy and anarcho-prlmitivjsm.
Symbol is
a
llghler
greenoverblack
liag.Green
Anarchism
pulsanemphasis on envilonmental
issues.
Somegreen.anarchistscan
be
described
as
Anarcho'Primilivisls
and
sometimes
Anli-CivilizationAnarchists, lhough nol all
Green
Anarchists are Primitiv-
istslvlany
Green Anarchisls choose loiocus nol onphiloso-phical
issuesJoraJuture
society, but on lhedefense ol the eadh and
social
revolution
in
the
preserl.
Besisting systems in the
pre-
senl, andcreating
alternaiive,suslainabJe
ways
ol
livingare often deemedmore
rmpodanl
than
f
rivolousprotesiing-
l\lostGreen Anarchlsts
hold
theirjdealspassionaleiyand some engageln direcl
aclion.
Organizing themselves through
grolpslike
Eafth Firstl, RoolForce, oImore draslically,
the
Earlh Liberation Fronl(ELF),Earlh Liberation Army
(ELA)
and Animal Liberation
Front(ALF).
They
may
take directaclion agalnstwhattheysee as systems
oi
oppression,such
as
the iogging
industry,
the meat
and
dairy industries,
animal
testingiaboratories,geneticengineering facili-ties
and,
more rarely,
governmenl
institulions-Such actions
are
normally though
not
always,non-violenl.Though
nol
necessarilyGreen anarchisls,activistshaveused thenames Anjmal Bights Militia,Justice Departmenl andRevolutionary Cellsamong others,
to
claim
responsibility
ior
openlyviolenl
attacks.
Symbol is a
darkergreen
over
black
flag
Eco"Anarchism
Eco
Anarchism combines
oider
lfends ol
primitivism,bioregionademocracy,ieminism(aseco-feminism)'
paci_Jism,
secession, andintentiona
community.
11
is
lhe
dedlcation
1o
theseideals thal distingulshjtfrom
the
moregeneraGreen anarchism,
whjch
sees
a conttnuing
role
for
globalinstitulionsand
global
definitions oi fairnessand
safety.lngeneral,eco-anarchistsreieclthecommonnotionolhumanityasawholeandhumandignityjnpartic!'
lar.
Whaldifierentiatesthe eco-anarchisliromtheprimilivislis thistocus on thevillage and its socialcapital,
asopposed to
lechnology
and
iis acceptance
or
rejectlon. Eco-Anarchism
ls
largely
aNorth AmeTjcan
movement.
Christian Anarchism
ffiu,sms****runffi
UNCLASSIFIED/FOROFITICIAL
USE
ONLY
(U//FOUO)Green
Anarchism
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