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Matl
Blunl
Govenol
Mark
S.
JamesDhectot.
DPS
JamesF, Keathley
Colonel,
MSHPVan
Godsey
Ditector.
MIAC
MIACBulletin
Black
Separatism
o9-o5-o7
rII rrrr5r, curgruw'ruurruvre
rnit
Ma
colm
I
ol
eo t_e
orqani/alo1,oeconrnq
ils
soo{esna'
lo
a
'ineD'ol
1o
denoJ_clng
il
n
qbaBlackseparatism
ln
the United
Statesis
a movemenlthalseeks
the
creallon
01
a
separaleslale'or
even
nulrn,
id,
nr";"un,
ofAlrlcan
descenl.
Basedon thehistory
oi
slaveryand
racism
in
America,biack
""putufiitt
lruti"ua
tt ut
theonly
soiution
is
lor
them tobe
al
owed
10
govern
themseves separatey'
Deiaiison
howto
accomplishthis
goal
and
the
iorm thatil should
take
have
varied wjdely
over
time
and
;il;;;
g;"r;".
W
hi
e many
withinthemovemef
t
seek
apeacef
ul means
toreach their objective,lhe
rili*Jotigtorpr,aswellastromsomeindividualsintheblackseparatstmovemenl
hasbeentora
"iof"ni
*.ng
"i*hut
iheybelieve
tobe
rrghtfully
therrs
ll
rs
this
polentia lor
vro
ence
and
illegal activity
if.uiru-f,"i
"n
unOutttandingof the
black
sepaTatlslmovemenlimportanl
lor lhe
law
enlorcement com-
munity.'
DevelopmenlolBlackSeParatism
FollowingtheAmerican
civi
War, themyriad
ofproblems associaledwith.the
integraiionoimillions
of
ioimersLves
into
nmerican
societyledmany,
bothblack
and
white,to betieve
thaithe
onty
soluiionwas
,
."ountion
oi
nfa"tsirom
whites
Early
attempts,someevenpre-datingthe
CivilWar'
ledto
thesettling
.i"i"""i""r"0
tl"""t
locurenl-dayLiberia,
as
wel
as
to
lailedplans
Jor
other
African
colonies
Others
in thelate1800s hoped
lor
separate
colonies
in theAmericanWestOvertheyears variousgroups have
espoused
blackseparatlsmas either
a
prinary
or secondarygoal
oJ
tn"n
"lo,f".
Addilionali,
thelengths
iowhich
thegroupsarewilling to
go
io achieve
these
goals' to
in-cludeviolence
and
criminaactiviiy,havealso
varied, evenwithin
the
same
group
The backgrounds
and
,iii"o
goul,
ot
."u"rul
o1
themore
prominent
organizalionsthal haveespoused
black
separalismwill
now be covered.
Nationof
lslamAccording
10
theFBl,Fardlviuhammad
(born
Wallace
Fard)
iounded
ihe
Nation
oi
lslam(NOl)
inDetroilin
1
930
lMuhammad
combineclaspeclsoi lslamand
otherreligions
andpreachedio the
c
lr''sAllL an
ATericals.
nls
leachlngs
i'clJded
lhal
h"
hi-sel'waslh;
embodraenlol Goo
"
Drio
lo
dropprngoJl
o-
sign
n lhe
lale
J
930's,Fard
IVluhammad
passed
onleadelship
ol theNation
ol
ls-amtoElijahlMuhammad.Elijah
Muhammad
mainlainedthalblackswere
a
superjolrace, and
thatthewhjle
lacewas
'cof
"uiueJor
manrluctuudllom
the
germ
of
the
Blackman"3
lhe
Na-tion
01
lslamgrewunder
[4uhammad'sleadership,
and
il
was duling
this
lime
;l
growth
coincidingwith
the
Civi
Righls
[lovement
,
ti was dur no
lMa
colmX
s
timewlth
theNalionol
lslamlhalhe washeard bya
young
Louis
Farrakhan.
f ;;;;;;
"i'""1
in
tut'i
io
*ork
for
lhe
organ
zalion
when
EliiahlMuhammad
died
in
1
975'his son'
I *rl ii
o"""
rvrnurruJ.
o""ur"
the
tead;r
ol theNallon ol
lslam
Followinga
period
ol
turbulenl
re-
I;;;;;o
*"r.i"r,
tn"
v"""q",
Iri
uhammad
transitionedtheorganization'sbetreis
lowards
more
tradi'
I i;;"i;;;iltlt,
,r,"
tou",iL"t
spllt,wlth
Farrakhanassumingcontrolol
whalis now consideled
the
I
Nalionollslam5Hemaintainedconholunhl2006.when,suflernglrom.proslalecancer,hepassedon'n.
respo
sioi
\
lor
lrr
oal\
a'
al's
or
l'e
NOl
orl_
Boa-d
o'
Dr'pclo
s"
Ihe
Nallonofislam marntalns aprogram olgoaisbroken down rnlo
1en
parls.
These
goalsrnclude
lree_
dom,lustice,andequality
ol
opporlunity;anend
1o
poice brutalily
againsl blacl(s;
eq!alily
of
empl0ymenl
opporiunity;taxexemplion and aseparalestale
or
lerriiory
lor
blackst
ire-.dom
Jor
a
I
lvluslims
cutrenlly
in
Federalprlsons; separaleschools
loi
blacks
and
a
prohibitionol
inlermatriage'
Th€ beliefs
oJ
the Nation
oi
lslam
diller
ir
severalareas lrom
tradltionallslam,mosi nolaby lhalol
lhesralus
ol
FardMuhammad and
oi race.
Asmentionedabove, the
Nationoflslammainlainslhal
FardMuhammadwas the incarnationol Allah,whlleiradilionailslam
leachesthal
Allah
woulrl
never maniJesl
himselfinanymaler]allormAddil]ona]]y,theNalonollslamteacheslhepnmacyandsupremacyoithe
blaokrace,whereas
lslam
makesnooverlslalemenlsonrace
'
The
Na|on
ol lslam
ls represented
in
H,li...oui in
forn
Sr.Louis and Kansas
Cily
!
New
BlackPantherParty
41
a
1
990press conference a l\/ilwaukee,Wisconsincity
al
derman,
Michae
lMccee, called
loi
thecreationol aBlackPantherlMiliila,as
a
res!lt oliruslration
overpersislenl in-'neLcity
condilions.Mccee
lost reelectionin
1
992,
bul
a
mi'litiachapterwasstarted
in
lndianapolis.
Aaron
[4ichaeJs,arad o
producer in Dallas,
lormed the
NewBlackPantherParty(NBPP)in
1
991,
taking
inspiration
lroml\lccee
sBlackPantheilvlilitiaThemovementgrewin
the
1
990s,and
a
lormelnemberoj
ihe Nation
01
lslam'sleadership,KhailidAbdull,4uhammad,camelo
prominence.
Over
the
years,[,4uhammadhas spo-ken tonumerousgroupsaround thecountry,uulizinga
mix
olracist, anti-Semitic,and homophobjc
argumenls
[lu"
hammad'sspeakingis epitomizedby
a
speechhe made
in
November
1
993in NewJersey,whichwas sowidelycon-demreo
llal
the
L.S.
Congress caledil
"oul'ageoushale'
monqerng
ol
lhe
nosl
vrcrous
aqd
vile
lino
''
lvluhammaddiedin2001, andhis
closesl
lieutenani,
l\,4alik
zulu shabazz,tookover
leadershipof
the
New
gir;k
punil'",
putt),.
Continuing
fluhammad's
legacyof racist,
vioientspeech,Shabazz
also
shiited
g""i;
t"
"ig"""il
g
,ore
protes'is taking
advanta[e
of racially
divisiveissuesacross
the country
includ-irg,
afterSiplemo-er
r
1
,
ioo
l,
callingtheUnitedStatesthe
'world's number
oneTerrorist
"
As
a
collectivedeclarationolthegroup'sbeliels,shabazzpublished
theNew
BLacl(Panlher
Party's
"1
0
poinlifnfott.'
The
p
atfolm
includesthelollowing
goals:
Black
lreedom
and
sell-determ
nation;
iull
l.pfoyt"nt;
t*
"r*,itplion
andreparalions;"decent"bousingand
freehealth
carei
ed!calionthal"ex-
ooses lhe truenatureof thts
deviIsh
and decadenlAmericansociety;"
cxemption
lrom
miiilalyservice;
an
I".l
,.
""f
,""
n"*ttenl
and
brutalrly,as
wel
as anend to"cooperation
andcollaborationwilh
theop
ni".roi,;tnureleaseolal
biackstiomiailsandprjsonsaialllevels;lrialbyanal
backj!ry;anda'sepa-
;ale slale or lerritorv olou,own"'oTheNew Black PantheiParlycontinueslo use lacticsof
ho
ding
prolests andrallies
thaltake
advantage
oiracially charged
incidents;ndthat
capitalizeon media
atleniionaliendanl
10
such
events
Thegroup
has
conduclediarqeted
tecrurtlnqamongstreelgangs,
as
well as
holdingphysical and
de{ensive
taclics
f,r"".qbf,"n*Blacl
"a"rl"erpa'ty
soeievedrohaveclaolerslocdleo
'lz
cilresd'ounolhe
c.t'ied"Slates,
h"
nea'es'
lo
MissoJ'iocrrg
I
Chicago
lll
ro
s
'
Uniied
NuwaubianNation
oJl\,4oorsFormecl
ln the
1
970sbyDwighlYork,whalwould becomethe
Uniled
Nu-waubianNatlon
ol
Moors
gol
its
start
inNew York
City
lnit
allycalled
theAnsar!
A lahCommunlty,the
organlzation's
membersllvedan
almosl
communalexislence
where
new
inducleest!rned
over allpossessions
lolhe
qroup'sleaders andworkedas
streelpeddlels'
raisinglurther
lunds
Ior
the
group.Allegations
01
criminalacls led theFBI
lostarl
an rnvestrgatiorinto the
organizaliof
and
itsleader in the
earlii990s.
Aroundthesamelime,Yorkmadeplanslomovehisiollowersloa4T6acrelraclinrura
Eal;nlon,
ceorgia
Whal beganwlth asmall
groupol
York's
loilower'
swelled
inlo
the
hundredsas oth-erswere
recruil;d
or moved
10
the
area.
York made
an allempl
to regislerhis
gloup
as the"Yamassee
l,,iative
American
lMoors
ol the
creekNallon,'
in a bid
to
b!ild
a
casino onhis
property.
This atlempliailed,
ancl
issues stemmingIrom buildingpermits
ior the
site
led oca
author lies
tofind
thal
a building
const;ucled
underlheauspicesot a
slorage
bLrildlng
was beingrun
as
a
nighlclub with
numerousbuildingcodeviolations.Bythis
lime,
Yorkhad renamedhisgroup
the
UnitedNuwaubian
Nation
ol
lloors,
and
began apublicity
cimpaignpainlingcountyoilicialsa;dlawentorcemenlasracisls.
Thecampalgn
lurnedlolhreatsas
well,
in;uding
af
instanceol an evisceraleddog
cut
in twoin thedriveway of the
coufty
attorneyln 2000,the Nuwaubjansworked to
unseal
the
countysheritl,
af
ellorl thatiailed
i
n
parl
dueto the
ex'
ire;es
ol the
antlgovernmenl
publicily campaign,
which
alienatedlocalblacl(s
as
well
as
whites.
Yorkdrilled
inlo
his
foll;ers
his
ideas
o1
whiles
as devils,
and
hislollowers became
co
nJrontational
with
law
enlorcemenl
duringtraflicslops,claiming
to nol
be subiectto lhe
law.while
theg
roup's
messagesbe-cameextreme,staiing
that
the
NuwaUbi;ns"smel
a
Waco
in themaking.'
governmenlinvestigalors,
in-
cluding
the
FBl, hadbuilt
a
case againstYorkthat
inciuded
numelouscharges
o1
child
molestatjon.
york
was aryestedwithoulviolencein May
2002.
whiie
hundreds havebefore
and sincelell
thegroup,othersstill
remaif
on thecompound.l3
OtherGroups
From timeto time,variousother black
separatislgroups
emerge
onto
the
scene
but
seldom
do
they
movebeyono beingtocally
active.
lncludedamongthesegroups
is
ihe
lnternailona
People's
Democlatic
uhuru
M6vement,
"basedm
the s1.
petersburg/Tampa
area
tn
Floada.
ln the
past,
they
havecalied
ior
theSt.
petersburg
mayorandpolice.to
be
executed.14This
group
alongwith
others
such
as the
Aban'naki
lndigenousNation,which operatesprimarily inPennsylvaniaandNew
Jersey, andthe
UnitedNu-waubian"Nationoi
lMoors
meniioned
befor€,
have
taken
onmany ol
the
trappings
oi
the
sovereigncilizen
movement,creatingtheir ownideniificationcards,
licenses,
and'diplom.atc
papers," as
wel
asciaiming
thal
law
er{orcene;l
and
judicra
otilc,als
.ave
no
aulho';ly
over tl-em
'"The
Black
P
Stone Nation,the modern
incarnation
of aChicagoslreelgangfrom
the
1
960s
known as
the
BiackstoneBangers,is anothergroup with
separatisl
ties
lthas
incorpoated
aspects
andsymbols
of
ls-
Lr
into
it"
o*nlauniity,
and
ha;also
madetieswith
the
lMelaniclslamicPalace
of
ihe
Rising
sun
(areli-
gi;usorg;nizationthaiiLtn,4i"llgunDOCieclassifiedasasecuriiythrealgroup)'fnngegTu.:::ltt,t
iMoorish"scienceTemple
01
America
thal
espouse
separatisl
beliels,and
iheNewBlack
Panther
Parly.
'
lmpllcations
tor
Missouri
Black Separatistgroups,
like
many
WhiteSeparatislgroups,
havea history of
resisting
lawentorcement
ollicers
andin
miny
ways treating
olficers
as
enemjes.
While individualbehavior
varies,
in someareasmembers
ol
separaiisl
;lganizat;rls
have
conducied
surveillanceol
law
enforcemen1
officers'
while
in
oir,ur"
f.rln"nrt"tbeis
havebeen
chargeJ
witn
assaultol
law
iliorcemenlolficerslT
Additionally'
"or"
"upututi"tgtorps
{suchas thelMelani;
lslamic
Palaceolthe RisingSun)
contribule
tothegrowingproblem o{ ls amicprison
radicalizalion
n
theUnited
Stales.
lnprison
radicallzationinmales
aTe
ex-
fiosed
(andsometlmesconvelted)
10
a
violenlinlerpretation
o]lslam thal can
seryeas
a
slepping-stone
iotenoiism.
Blackseparalists
siantonradicaJizationoltenincludeselementsolblacksupremacyasaneXtensionoJthereligiousindoclrlnation'ltishopedthalolf]cerawarenessolthebelielsolBlackSepara
lisl
groups wlll allow
'oI
betielresponseto
irlcidents
involvinglheirmembers'
The
MIAC requeslsleedback onthis
producl
(ema
I
miac@mshpdps mogov)as
well
as
suggeslions
on
1op;cs
of interestlo theMlssourilaw enloTcemenl
communlty
thalmay be utilized
for
lutureproducis'
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