KULIAH PENGANTAR BLOK KULIT

AMBAR MUDIGDO

DEFINITION OF MACROSCOPIC TERMS

Macule

circumscribe lesion of up to 5 mm in diameter characterized by flateness and usually distinguised from surrounding skin by its coloration. circumscribe lesion of up to 5 mm in diameter characterized by flateness and usually distinguised from surrounding skin by its coloration.

Patch

 Papule

elevated dome-shaped or flat-topped lesion 5 mm or less across. elevated with spherical contour greater than 5 mm across. elevated flat-topped lesion usually greater than 5 mm across(may be caused by coalescent papules)

Nodule

Plaque

 Vesicle

fluid-filled raised lesion greater than 5 mm across. fluid-filled raised lesion greater than 5 mm across.

Bulla

 Blister

bulla

Common term used for vesicle or

Pustule
Wheal

Discrete pus-filled raised lesion

Itchy transient elevated lesion with variable blanching and erythema formed as the result of dermal edema. Dry, horny, platelike excrescence, usually the resultcornification

Scale

 Lichenification

Thickened and rough skin characterized by prominent skin markings, usually the result of repeated rubbing in susceptible persons. Traumatic lesion characterized by breakageof the epidermis , cauing a raw linear area , often self induced.

Excoriation

Onycholysis

nail bed.

Separation of nail plate from

DEFINITION OF MICROSCOPIC TERMS

Hyperkeratosis

Thickening of the stratum corneum often associated with a qualitative abnormality of the keratin.
Modes of keratinization characterized by the retention of the nucleiin the stratum corneum .

Parakeratosis

 Acanthosis

Diffuse epidermal hyperplasia

Papilomatosis

surface elevation caused by hyperplasia and enlargement of continous dermal papilae.

 Dyskeratosis

Abnormal keratinization accuring prematurely within individual cells or groups of cells bellow the stratum granulosum.

Acantholysis

Loss of intercelluler connections resulting in loss of cohesion between keratinocytes.

Intercellular edema of epidermis

Spoiosis

 Hydropic

swelling intra cellular of keratinocytes, often seen in viral invections. infiltrations of the epidermis by inflammatory or circulating blood cells.
Discontinuity of the skin exhibiting in complete loss of the epidermis

Exocytosis

Erosion

 Ulceration

Discontinuity of the skin exhibiting in complete loss of the epidermis and often of portions of the dermisand even subcutaneous fat
Formation of vacuoles within or adjacent to cells, often refers to basal cell basement membrane zone area.

Vacuolization

 Lentiginous

Refering to a linier pattern of melanocyte proliferation within the epidermal basal cell layer. Lentiginous melanocytic hyperplasia can occur as a reactive change or as part of a neoplasm of a melanocytes.

BAHAN PRAKTIKUM
1.

2.
3. 4. 5. 6.

PAPILOMA KARSINOMA EPIDERMOID DENGAN KORNIFIKASI KARSINOMA EPIDERMOID NON KORNIFIKASI KARSINOMA SEL BASAL NAEVUS PIGMENTOSUS MELANOMA MALIGNA

PAPILOMA
Bentuk neoplasma jinak yang menonjol daripermukaan kulit atau mukosa, tonjolanpapiler dan berbentuk seperti jari.

PAPILOMA
1.

Klinis

tumbuh diberbagai tempat

2. Morfologi a. Makroskopis b. Mikroskopis

KARSINOMA EPIDERMOID DENGAN KORNIFIKASI

1.

Sinonim

: - Epidermoid carcinoma - Prickle cell carcinoma - Squamous cell carcinoma - Carcinoma planocellulare Karsinoma epidermoid Kornifikasi

2.

Klinis

: - ulserasi atau bunga kol - 40-60 th - limfogen - tungkai bawah,bibir anus, vulva,dsb

3. Morfologi - Makroskopis - Mikroskopis

KARSINOMA EPIDERMOID DENGAN KORNIFIKASI

a.

Sinonim : - Epidermoid carcinoma - Prickle carcinoma - Squamous cell carcinoma - Carcinoma p;anocellulare

b. Klinis : - ulserasi yg tidak sembuh - bentuknya seperti bunga kol - pria, usia 40-60 th - menyebar secara limfogen - lokasi : tungkai bawah , bibir, anus, dll - faktor predisposisi : sinar matahari, dll

c. Morfologi : a. Makroskopis : benjolan bunga kol mudah berdarah. b. Mikroskopis : - epidermis menebal, polarisasi jelek - epitel tumbuh ke dalam/ keluar - terdapat mutiara tanduk - tampak sel-sel tumor bentuk poligonal - di Stroma terdapat sel-sel radang

CARCINOMA EPIDERMOID NON KORNIFIKASI

Morfologi Mikroskopis : Epidermis menebal tidak teratus, polarisasi jelek Sel-sel tumor poligonal banyak mitosis patologis. Tidak ditemukan mutiara tanduk.

KASINOMA SEL BASAL

A.

Sinonim : - Basalioma - Ulcus Rodent - Epitelioma sel basal - Basal cell carcinoma

B. Klinis : - terjadi pada semua umur - lokasi pada muka bagian atas. - faktor predisposisi : sinar matahari, arsen, ulkus, sikatriks.

C. Morfologi a. Makroskopis : benjolan kulit, ulseratif rapuh b. Mikroskopis : - kelompok sel tumor, batas tegas, inti hiperkromasi, mitosis patologis. - tipe solid - tipe kistik - tipe adenoid

NAEVUS PIGMENTOSUS
A.

B.

Klinis merupakan tumor jinak yg timbul dari sel-sel nevus. Morfologi - Makroskopis : biasanya berupa andeng-andeng, konsistensi kenyal. - Mikroskopis : epidermis agak hiperplastik

MELANOMA MALIGNA
A.

Klinis : - tumor sangat ganas. - lokasi : kulit, mukosa, mata dan selaput otak. - perkembangan naevus tipe intradermal - sering ditemukan pada usia diatas 40 th - faktor predisposisi : trauma, infeksi virus, faktor herediter.

B. Morfologi a. Makroskopis : - warna coklat kehitaman, permukaan tidak rata, ulseratif, konsistensi kenyal. b. Mikroskopis : - pada kulit epidermis menebal sebagian ulseratif - poligonal, spindel, hiperkromasi - bulat poligonal, spindel, besar, polimorf inti hiperkromasi