()

cc

cc

cc cc

()

()

2n = (x)

ABCD

cD

BCD

CcDD
2n = (2x)

ABCCDD

BccDD BBCCDD

(IV)

(V)

In vitro

infestans

,
,

Phytophthora

Petunia hybrida x Petunia
patadii (1976)
Nicotiana tabacum x

Niicotiana repanda
Nicotiana tabacum x
Nicotiana rustica
Oryzae indica x Oryzae
japonica
Rhapanus sativus x Brassica
napus
Solanum tuberosum x
Solanum brevidemns
Solanum tuberosum x
Lycopercicum esculentum
Lycopercicum esculentum x
L.penelli
Solanum melongena x
Solanum sisymbrifolium

(V)

TMV

In vitro

PLRV

In vitro

-
DNA
RFLP -
RAPD - DNA

DNA

DNA

RFLPs
RAPDs
AFLPs
SSRs
SNPs
.
.

STS -


DNA

AFLP - DNA

SNP -

RFLP

RFLP -

DNA

DNA

DNA
DNA
DNA (Southern blotting)

DNA

DNA
( DNA)

RFLP

RAPD
DNA

DNA

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

(wild type)


DNA
DNA
DNA

(PCR)

RAPD

1
1

DNA (8-10 )
DNA
DNA:
- EtBr

- DNA
- DNA

DNA

PCR

PCR
3

RAPD

RAPD
1

5
3

5
3

3
5

3
5

PCR

1
:

:
X

1. (wild type)
2.
3.
4. DNA
5. DNA

&

(Simple Sequence Repeats - SSRs)

. (GATAGA) n
O (n)


PCR
14

-
(primers)

PCR
DNA
DNA

-
-
-

- DNA
- DNA

1. 1, 2 1, 1
2. 1, 1 1, 3
3. 2, 2 2, 4
4. 1, 3 3, 3

AFLP

AFLP

DNA

DNA

DNA

DNA

DNA
-
-
-

DNA

- DNA
- DNA

AFLP

AFLP
1

DNA

DNA

DNA

PCR
PCR

PCR

PCR

1. o (wild type)
2. o
3. o

( )
(MAS)

(.. , , .)

(.. , , , .)
(loci)

(.. )

DNA

(MAS)

(QTL)
: 1

o

(QTL)

(<1cM)

( )

()

( )
elite
Elite

BC1

1, 2 & 3

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

( V)

( V)

(DNA Fingerprinting) -

(DNA Fingerprinting) -

1, 2, ...

( V)

(Genetic Distances)

B

rDNA

vs

(I)

-
DNA

-

(I)

(I)


/

10

.
.. A. tumefaciens
B.

(PEG)

1) Glufosinate ammonium
: PAT Streptomyces viridochrcromogenes
: ()
2) Bromoxynil
: / Klebsiella ozaenae
: ()
3) 2, 4 - D
: o Alcaligenes eutrophous
: ()

- , , ,
( Glufosinate ammonium )
- , , , ,
( Glyphosate)
- , , ( Bromoxynil)
- , , ( Sulfonylurea)
- , ( 2, 4 - D)

: Bt - (-, )
Bacillus thuringiensis
:

11

- Bt ( )

: (capsid protein)
:

- Bt ( )
BNYVV

- Bt ( )

Transgenic CP

Resistance

Normal
disassembly

:
(antisense orientation)
:

(antisense)

mRNA

RNA

- Flavr Savr ( )

12

: (
) ( )
: /

-
-
-

(1P - )

I, V ,

B

I. ADP- glucose pyrophosphorylase

II. Granule-bound starch synthase
III. Soluble starch synthase
IV. Branching enzyme

:
A. ADP- glucose pyrophosphorylase
/ E.coli
B. Glycogen synthase / E.coli
C. Granule-bound starch synthase
/

(
, .)




..




(&)

-,

, ,

13

DNA

DNA

14