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Design 3
Bearings
Hamidreza G.Darabkhani
Loads on Bearings Rolling elements bearings Ball bearings Roller bearings Needle bearings Linear bearings Thrust bearings Sliding bearing Magnetic bearings
Bearings
Provides support for rotating machine elements
Bearings(1/2)
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Bearings(2/2)
Bearings Classification
Bearings for Rotary Motion
Magnetic Bearings
Sliding Bearings
(Fluid film bearings)
Rolling Elements
Ball
Roller
Needle
Cylindrical
Taper
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Radial and Axial loads Roller Bearings Radial and Axial loads Needle Bearings Only radial loads
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outer ring.
Can take greater axial load
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Roller Bearings
Because of the line contact, they can take greater loads They also have more rolling resistance Types of roller bearings Cylindrical Tapered Barrel (Spherical)
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Very good Radial Loads Poor Axial loads Moderate to very good Speed
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Needle bearings(1/2)
Very good Radial loads No Axial loads Poor to moderate speed
Linear bearings
Are used primarily where something needs to be moved along a straight line with high accuracy. In other words, the object needs to only translate in one direction, and possibly move back to its starting position with high repeatability. The implications for robotic pick-and-place are obvious, as are uses for optical test fixturing and calibration.
Use large number of small diameter rollers Usually there is no space between rollers
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Thrust bearings
Good Axial Loads No Radial Loads Poor Speeds
Cylindrical roller
Spherical roller
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Animations 1- The rotation of inner and outer race in ball bearings. 2- Directions of radial and thrust loads on the bearings
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Industrial machinery with high horsepower and high loads, such as:
Magnetic Bearings
Magnetic bearing systems represent a completely different approach to the support of rotating equipment. (NON-CONTACTING TECHNOLOGY)
Magnetic bearings
Are a non-contacting technology Negligible friction loss and no wear Higher reliability Enables previously unachievable surface speeds to be attained Lubrication is eliminated
compressors, electric motors, pumps, turbo expanders, steam turbines, gas MACE turbines, centrifuges, etc.
Conical Magnetic Bearings Developed for Active Stall Control in Gas Turbine Engines
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Bearing applications
ball bearing
AEROKOPTER Project
Tapered Roller bearing
Dynamic load C is given by the manufacturer for a specified lifetime (e.g. L= 106 cycles) and a probability of survival, usually L The life (in millions of cycles) is given by
C L= P
Pulley cage rear side plate In AEROKOPTER Main rotor gearbox assembly
(for steady load) where C is the rated Dynamic load capacity and P is the load. k is an empirical factor depending on the bearing: 3 for ball bearings, 3.33 for roller bearings MACE
Bearing Load/Life
Bearings are designed for a finite life, with a given probability of failure
Lx log( p ) = L10 log(0.9 )
0.745
where p = 1
x 100
Lx is the number of cycles at which x% of the bearings fail; L10 is the number of cycles at which 10% fail
L10 Life (cycles)
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L2 P = 1 L1 P2
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Manufacturers Data
Stress Analysis
Contact Stress c=300,000 psi is not unusual Balls, rollers and races are made from extremely high strength steel e.g. AISI 52100 sy = 260,000 psi su =322,000 psi
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Vendors publish the Basic Dynamic Load rating (C) of a bearing at an L10 life of 1 million cycles.
Bearing Selection
Determine the design life (in cycles) Determine the design load
Pd = V R
V=1 for inner race rotation V=1.2 for outer race rotation
P = V X R + Y Ft
where:
P = equivalent radial load (lb) R = actual radial load (lb) Ft = actual thrust load (lb) X = radial factor (usually 0.56) V = 1.0 for inner race rotating = 1.2 for outer race rotating Y = Thrust factor( from chart)
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Select a bearing with (C > Creqd) and a bore that closely matches the shaft diameter.
Thrust factors, Y
Bearing Mounting
Bearing Mounting
Shaft/bearing bore has a light interference fit. Housing/outer race has a slight clearance fit.
(Check manufacturers catalog)
Match maximum permissible fillet radius. Shaft or housing shoulders not to exceed 20% of diameter.
Outer ring of one bearing clamped e.g. cover plate Ball Bearing bearing free to float
Other ways to locate bearings: retaining rings, washers, screws, cotter pins, taper pins
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9. http://www.webs1.uidaho.edu/ele/Mindworks/Machine_Desi gn_files/1%20Posters/PPT%20Poster/bearing.ppt
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