HVAC System Design Simplified Method for Early Design

Part

Environmental Technology 1

Air Delivery side

Return ducts and diffusers

Mechanical Room
Fresh outside air

Classroom 1
VAV Box

Classroom 2
VAV Box

Classroom 3
VAV Box

Classroom 4
VAV Box

ETone

Supply ducts and diffusers

Corridor

Air Handling Unit (Air-conditioning)

Introduction
HVAC Design Procedures

! Estimate the space cooling requirement ! Estimate ventilation requirement ! Determine supply air quantiy for each zone and AHU ! Estimate equipment sizes - space sizes ! Revise system layout

ETone

Estimate Space Cooling Load

Simplified method for determining the space cooling load
Cooling load factor

Residential Office School Aud. / theater

ventilation load not included

1cfm/sf 1.2 cfm/sf 1.5 cfm/sf 2.5 cfm/sf

Floor area x cooling load factor = required cfm

ETone

Estimate Space Cooling Load

Calculate floor area Determine CFM required
(Floor area) x (1.5 cfm - school)

Example

Classroom 1

Classroom 2

25'X30' 750 sf

25'X30' 750 sf

25'X30' 750 sf

Classroom 3

Classroom 4

25'X30' 750 sf

Mechanical

1,125 cfm

1,125 cfm

1,125 cfm

1,125 cfm

ETone

Estimate Ventilation Load

Ventilation Requirements
Ventilation factor

Residential Office School Aud. / theater

adds to the space cooling load

10 20 15 15

cfm/person cfm/person cfm/person cfm/person

# of people x ventilation factor = required cfm

ETone

Estimate Ventilation Load

Calculate ventilation requirement
15 cfm per person Use MEEB table 5-8 (page 226) to estimate occupancy count.

Example

Classroom 1

Classroom 2

Classroom 3

Classroom 4

30 people 15 cfm/prn

Mechanical

30 people 15 cfm/prn

30 people 15 cfm/prn

30 people 15 cfm/prn

450 cfm

450 cfm

450 cfm

450 cfm

ETone

Estimate Total Supply Air

Determine total supply air to space
Ventilation + cooling = total supply air

Example

Determine AHU Supply air total

Sum of supply air to all zones served

Classroom 1

Classroom 2

Classroom 3

Classroom 4

Mechanical

450 cfm 1,125 cfm 1,575 cfm

450 cfm 1,125 cfm 1,575 cfm

450 cfm 1,125 cfm 1,575 cfm

450 cfm 1,125 cfm 1,575 cfm

AHU

1,800 (vent) + 4,500 (cool) = 6,300 cfm

ETone

Estimate Equipment Sizes

VAV box sizes
See course handout

Example

required at each zone for temperature control

1,575 cfm total air required

ETone
Table reprinted from Architectureal Graphic Standards

Estimate Equipment Sizes

Air Handler Unit Sizes
See course handout

Example

Supply air to multiple zones

6,300 cfm required

Table reprinted from Architectureal Graphic Standards

Room dimensions: 18' -6" wide 22' - 3" long 9' - 6" tall
ETone

Estimate Equipment Sizes

Calculating the refrigeration required
Converting air flow quantities to tons of cooling required

Cooling CFM (estimate based on internal air conditions)

4,500 cfm per AHU

Ventilation CFM (based on external air conditions)

1,800 cfm per AHU

Total CFM

6,300 CFM per AHU

ETone

Estimate Ventilation Load

Ventilation Sensible
based on the )t between cooling coil and outside temp

1,800 cfm per AHU

Qsensible = 1.08 x CFM x )t

Qsensible = 1.08 x 1,800 cfm x 40EF Qsensible = 77,760 btus hr

Design Condition 95 EF 80 % rh

ETone

Estimate Ventilation Load

Ventilation Latent
based on the )w between cooling coil and outside temp

1,800 cfm per AHU

Qlatent = 4,840 x CFM x )w

Qlatent = 4,840 x 1,800 cfm x .o2 lb QLatent = 174,240 btus/hr

Design Condition 95 EF 80 % rh

ETone

Estimate Ventilation Load

Ventilation Total Load

Qventilation = 174,240 btu/hr + 77,760 btu/hr Qventilation = 252,000 btu/hr

Qsensible = 1.08 x CFM x )t Qlatent = 4,840 x CFM x )w Qtotal ventilation

ETone

Design Condition 95 EF 80 % rh

Estimate Equipment Sizes

Refrigeration Equipment Sizes
based on the tons of cooling required 1 ton of cooling . 400 cfm 1 ton of cooling . 12,000 Btu/hr

Example

Conversion from cfm to tons (cooling load)

4,500 cfm per AHU (1 of 15 units) 15 AHUs in school x 4,500 = 67,500 cfm Total for school 67,500 cfm 400cfm/ton = 169 tons of cooling
ETone

Estimate Equipment Sizes

Refrigeration Equipment Sizes
based on the tons of cooling required 1 ton of cooling . 400 cfm 1 ton of cooling . 12,000 Btu/hr

Example

Conversion from cfm to tons (Ventilation load)

252,000 Btu/hr per AHU (1 of 15 units) 15 AHUs in school x 252,000 = 3,780,000 Btu Total for school 3,780,000 12,000 btu/ton = 315 tons of cooling
ETone

Estimate Equipment Sizes

Refrigeration Equipment Sizes
based on the tons of cooling required 1 ton of cooling . 400 cfm 1 ton of cooling . 12,000 Btu/hr

Example

Total Cooling Required - 484 tons

Space Cooling Load - 169 tons Space Ventilation Load - 315 tons

ETone

Estimate Equipment Sizes

Chiller Size
Two chillers are required

Example

reduced off-season loads repair and maintenance

484 tons of cooling required

Table reprinted from Architectureal Graphic Standards

ETone

2 - 250 ton chillers

Estimate Equipment Sizes

Chiller Room
Dimensions from previous table Room layout with pumpe

Example

484 tons of cooling required

ETone

Estimate Equipment Sizes

Cooling Tower Size
Based on tons of cooling required

Example

484 tons of cooling required

Table reprinted from Architectureal Graphic Standards

3+ - 150 ton cooling towers

ETone

System Design
Revise basic layout adding equipment sizes

Air Delivery side

Return ducts and diffusers

Mechanical Room
Fresh outside air

Classroom 1
VAV Box

Classroom 2
VAV Box

Classroom 3
VAV Box

Classroom 4
VAV Box

Supply ducts and diffusers

Corridor

Air Handling Unit (Air-conditioning)

ETone

Review
HVAC Design Procedures

! Estimate the space cooling requirement ! Estimate ventilation requirement ! Determine supply air quantiy for each zone and AHU ! Estimate equipment sizes - space sizes ! Revise system layout

ETone

HVAC System Design Simplified Method for Early Design

Part

Environmental Technology 1

Air Delivery side

Return ducts and diffusers

Mechanical Room
Fresh outside air

Classroom 1
VAV Box

Classroom 2
VAV Box

Classroom 3
VAV Box

Classroom 4
VAV Box

ETone

Supply ducts and diffusers

Corridor

Air Handling Unit (Air-conditioning)