Chng I: Nhng vn c bn ca Logistics

1. Logistics l g: l qu trnh ti u ha v v tr v thi im, vn chuyn v d tr ngun ti nguyn t im u tin ca chui cung ng qua cc khu sn xut, phn phi cho n tay ngi tiu dng cui cng, thng qua hng lot cc hot ng kinh t. 2. Phn loi logistics: c 3 cch phn loi 2.1. Theo hnh thc logistics: Hin nay trn th gii c cc loi hnh thc sau: o 1PL: Ch s hu t mnh t chc v thc hin cc hot ng logistics p ng nhu cu ca bn thn. o 2PL: Ch cung cp chuyn bit mt hoc mt s dch v nh vn ti, giao nhn, cho thu kho. o 3PL: Dch v logistics chn gi,m rng ra knh s cp v th cp vi phc hp v gi tr gia tng cao hn. Cung cp dch v logistics cho nh cung cp. o 4PL: Qun l ton b hot ng phn phi cho khch hng. Tham gia hoch nh ti u ha chui cung ng v logistics. Qun l cc 3PL khc. 2.2. Theo qu trnh: o Logistics u vo o Logistics u ra o Logistics thu hi 2.3. Theo i tng hng ha: o Logistics hng tiu dng nhanh o Logistics ngnh t o Logistics ha cht o Logistics hng in t 3. Mi quan h gia logistics - chui cung ng: o Gia SCM v Logistics c phn chung, c th trong SCM c Logistics v ngc li. So vi khi nim SCM th khi nim Logistics theo ngha rng gn nh tng ng, nhng cn ch : Logistics

nhn mnh n tnh ti u ca qu trnh, cn SCM ch ni n qu trnh, n cc mi lin kt. o Cn nu xt ring tng doanh nghip th SCM l khi nim rng hn Logistics. o Nu xt trn iu kin ton cu ha, thc hin thnh cng hot ng Logistics th yu cu cc doanh nghip cn phi xem xt iu chnh li SCM ni a v cc iu kin cn thit tham gia chui cung ng ton cu. 4. Mi quan h gia Logistics v phn phi: o Qu trnh phn phi v Logistics c quan h mt thit vi nhau. Ton b qu trnh phn phi l mt bng ti hng ha chuyn ng khng ngng di t chc v gim st ca cng ngh logistics. 5. Vai tr ca Logistics: 5.1. Vai tr ca Logistics vi nn kinh t: o Logistics chim t 10 n 15% GDP ca hu ht cc nc ln Chu u, Bc M v mt s nn kinh t Chu Thi Bnh Dng. V vy n nng cao hiu qu hot ng ca Logistics th s gp phn quan trng trong vic nng cao hiu qu kinh t x hi. o H tr cho lung chu chuyn cc giao dch kinh t. nn kinh t ch c th pht trin nhp nhng, ng b mt khi chui Logistics hot ng lin tc, nhp nhng. o Hng lot cc hot ng kinh t lin quan din ra trong chui Logistics, v theo c ngui ti nguyn c bin i thnh sn phm, v iu quan trng l gi tr c tng ln cho c khch hng ln ngi sn xut, gip tha mn nhu cu ca mi ngi. o Hiu qu ca hot ng Logistics tc ng trc tip ti kh nng hi nhp ca nn kinh t. o Hot ng Logistics hiu qu lm tng tnh cnh tranh ca 1 quc gia trn trng quc t. 5.2. Vai tr ca Logistics i vi doanh nghip: o i vi cc doanh nghip, Logistics c vai tr rt to ln. Vi doanh nghip Vit Nam, vn cha bit y v vn dng Logistics. o Gip gii quyt c u ra ln u vo ca doanh nghip 1 cch hiu qu.

o Gp phn nng cao hiu qu qun l, gim thiu chi ph nhm nng cao nng lc cnh tranh ca doanh nghip. o Gp phn gim ph thng qua vic tiu chun ha chng t. o Logistics c xem l cng c hiu qu t c li th cnh tranh lu di v s khc bit ha v tp chung. Ngoi ra Logistics cn h tr c lc cho hot ng marketing. 6. Xu hng pht trin ca Logistics: o Xu hng th nht, ng dng cng ngh thng tin, thng mi in t ngy cng ph bin v su rng hn vo trong cc lnh vc ca Logistics. o Xu hng th hai, phng php qun l Logistics ko (pull) ngy cng pht trin mnh m v dn thay th cho phng php Logistics y (push) theo truyn thng. Phng php y l phng php t chc sn xut da theo d bo nhu cu th trng: Phng php ny to ra hng tn kho v y hng ra th trng p ng nhu cu thc t. Phng php ko hoch nh sn xut da trn nhu cu v n hng thc t ca th trng, c ngha nhu cu ca khch hng ko hng sn xut v pha th trng.(Khng sn xut trc m tr hon n khi nhn c n hng mi tin hnh t chc sn xut. o Xu hng th ba, thu dch v logistics t cc cc cng ty Logistics chuyn nghip ngy cng ph bin, thay v t mnh ng ra t chc v thc hin cc hot ng Logistics p ng nhu cu ca bn thn.

Chng II: Ngnh dch v Logistics

1. Khi nim ngnh dch v Logistics: o Theo iu 233, lut TMVN 2005: dch v Logistics l hot ng thng mi, theo thng nhn t chc thc hin mt hoc nhiu cng vic bao gm: vn chuyn, lu kho, lu bi, lm th tc hi quan, cc th tc giy t khchoc cc dch v khc lin quan n hng ha theo tha thun ca khch hng hng th lao. o Dch v logistics bao gm c chui hot ng t sn xut n kho cha, vn ti, thng mi, phn phi, lu thngHin ti c nc cha c doanh nghip no hot ng ng ngha ca mt ngnh cng nghip dch v logistics. Mi ch dng li khu phc v ni a, ch cha vn ra c cc nc khu vc v trn th gii. Mi gii quyt c mt vi cng on trong c chui dch v logistics khp kn. 2. Thc trng ngnh dch v Logistics Vit Nam: o Th trng Vit Nam quy m khng ln nhng y tim nng: Nm 2010 chi ph cho Logistics chim 25% GDP, M 7,7% v Singapore 8%... o H thng CSHT k thut ngho nn: 17000 km ng nha/ 250000km ng b; ng st thiu kho bi; thiu lin kt/ng b. o Cnh tranh ngy cng khc lit\ o 800/1000 cng ty giao nhn ang hot ng, p ng c 25% nhu cu. Gi r nhng cht lng cha cao, thi gian giao hng cha chnh xc, chng t ha n giao nhn cn nhiu sai st, marketing km, ngun nhn lc khng chuyn, c s h tng cn yu. 3. Gii php cho ngnh Logistics Vit Nam: o xy dng khung php l hon chnh cho hot ng logistics. o Tng cng tnh lin kt : chui lin kt chiu dc; chui lin kt chiu ngang. o Pht huy vai tr v h tr nh hng cho ngnh Logistics ca nh nc o Cn lm tt nhng khu quy hoch v xy dng c s h tng. o Tp chung pht trin h tng cng ngh thng tin o Tp chung u tin o to ngun nhn lc phc v cho ngnh dch v logistics.

Chng III: Gii php Logistics

Ni dung chnh tt yu nht ca logistics l qu trnh ti u ha, tiu chun ha cc qu trnh, l tm nhng gii php ti u ha cc ngun lc ct li, ti u ha mi thao tc, dedreloaij b mi lng ph bt k khu no, im no trong ton b qu trnh hot ng. Trong c vn chuyn , lu tr, tng nng sut lao ng, h gi thnh, ng thi nng cao cht lng sn phm v dch v c th p ng nhu cu ca khch hng mt cch tt nht. 1. Lean: Trong ting anh c ngha l s tinh gn, mch lc hay lin lc. Lean c s dng lm tn gi cho h thng phng php gip lin tc ci tin cc quy trnh sn xut kinh doanh. Vy, Lean manufacturing ( sn xut tinh gn) l h thng cc cng c v phng php nhm lin tc loi b tt c nhng lng ph trong qu trnh sn xut. li ch chnh ca h thng ny l lm gim chi ph sn xut, tng sn lng v rt ngn thi gian sn xut, thi gian giao hng t tit kim chi ph ti a, em li gi tr gia tng cho doanh nghip. t tng ct li ca Lean l lin tc loi b mi lng ph. 2. Mt s lng ph trong sn xut: o Lng ph do sn xut qu nhiu: l vic sn xut vt qu nhu cu, qu hiu qu hot ng ca my dn n hng tn kho nhiu, gy ng vn, sn xut km hiu qu. o Lng ph do hng tn kho. o Lng ph do sa cha, loi b sn phm hng. o Lng ph do di chuyn, chuyn ng: y l loi lng ph do thao tc tha ca ngi sn xut, nhng hot ng khng em li gi tr gia tng. o Lng ph do qu trnh vn hnh: Do iu kin cng ngh khng y , hoc do thit k cha hp l dn n nhn sn xut khng ng u gia cc cng on. o Lng ph do i ch: o Lng ph do vn chuyn: cc phng tin vn ti th s lc hu, hoc do iu kin ng x km, hoc do s dng khng ht cng sut ca bng ti, xe xc, phng tin vn ti. ..

3. Mt s quan im c bn ca Lean: o Sng to trc khi b vn o p dng kp thi nhng gii php o Lu kho khng phi l ti sn d tr, m l mt lng ph, cn ct gim n mc hp l. o Lun trin khai vng trong Deming PDCA: hoch nh trin khai kim tra khc phc. trong sut qu trnh. o Thc hin Lean phi lin tc, v n l qu trnh khng c im kt thc. 4. Mc tiu ca Lean : o Gim ph phm v cc loi lng ph khc o Gim thi gian ca quy trnh v chu k sn xut bng cch gim thi gian ch i gia cc cng on, thi gian chun b cho quy trnh v tt c cc cng on khc. o Gim thiu tn kho tt c cc khu: nguyn vt liu, bn thnh phm, thnh phm. o Tng nng sut lao ng o S dng thit b v mt bng sn xut hiu qu. o Linh ng trong qu trnh sn xut, c th kt hp sn xut mt s loi sn phm tn dng cng sut my mc, gim lng ph. o Tng hiu qu sn xut kinh doanh. Ni tm li, mc tiu ca Lean l t c sn phm u ra theo yu cu, nhng vi lng u vo thp hn, t thi gian hn, t mt bng hn, t nhn cng hn, t vt liu hn v chi ph t hn. 5. Cc cng c thc hin Lean: o Sng lc: phn loai nhng g cn thit v nhng g khng cn thit cho cng vic.th no cn th ni d ly, d tm kim. o Sp xp: sp xp nhng th cn thit theo th t d ly, d s dng. vd: hp dng c gn ni cng nhn sa cha. o Sch s: gi cho my mc, khu vc lm vic sch s nhm ngn nga cc vn pht sinh do v sinh km. o Sn sc: Duy tr thnh qu t c t 3 bc trn v lin tc pht trin 3S mi lc mi ni.

o Sn sang: p dng cng vic trn thng xuyn, lin tc ng thi rn luyn nhn vin thc tun th 3S mt cch t nguyn t gic. 6. Nguyn tc ca Lean: o Nhn thc v s lng ph o Chun ha quy trnh o Quy trnh lin tc: Lean thng nhm ti vic trin khai mt quy trnh sn xut lin tc, khng b n tc, gin on, i vng li, tr v hay phi ch i. o Sn xut Pull o Cht lng t gc: Lean nhm ti vic loi b ph thi t gc v vic kim sot cht lng c thc hin bi cc cng nhn nh mt phn cng vic trong quy trnh sn xut. o Lin tc ci tin: Khng ngng loi b nhng lng ph khi pht hin ra chng. iu ny i hi s tham gia tch cc ca cng nhn vo qu trnh ci tin lin tc.

Chng IV: Qun tr Logistics

L qu trnh hoch nh, thc hin v kim sot c hiu lc vic chu chuyn d tr hng ha, dch v V nhng thng tin c lin quan, t im u n im cui cng vi mc tiu tha mn nhu cu ngi tiu dng. 1. Ni dung qun tr Logistics: 1.1. Dch v khch hng: Nu cc t chc, doanh nghip cng a ra th trng nhng sn phm c c im, cht lng, gi c gn tng ng nhau th s khc bit v dch v khch hng l cng c cnh tranh sc bn. Dch v khch hng c vai tr c bit quan trng, nu c thc hin tt, n khng ch gi chn c nhng khch hng c m cn c th li ko, thu ht them c cc khch hng mi. y chnh l im mu cht ca cc doanh nghip ng vng trn thng trng v thnh cng. Trong qu trnh hot ng Logistics, dch v khch hng l u ra, l thc o cht lng ca ton b h thng. Do mun pht trin Logistics phi c s quan tm thch ng n dch v khch hng. Vy, dch v khch hng l cc bin php trong cc h thng logistics c thc hin sao cho gi tr gia tng c cng vo sn phm t mc cao nht vi tng chi ph thp nht. Gi tr gia tng y chnh l s hi long ca khch hng. Cht lng dch v khch hng ph thuc vo nhiu yu t, c th chia cc yu t ny thnh 3 nhm: trc , trong, v sau khi giao dch vi khch hng. 1.2. H thng thng tin trong qun tr Logistics: H thng thng tin ( my tnh v mng) l yu t khng th thay th trong vic hoch nh v kim sot h thng Logistics, vi h thng n x l n hng l chung tm. Nhng thnh tu ca cng ngh thng tin gip cho con ngi a ra c quyt nh ng n vo nhng thi im nhy cm nht. Cng ngh thng tin ngy cng pht trin tinh vi, hin i, n thc s l v kh cnh tranh li hi, gip nhng ai bit s dng ginh chin thng, lnh vc Logistics cng khng phi l ngoi l.

1.3. Qun tr d tr: D tr l yu t khch quan, nh c d tr m cuc sng ni chung, hot ng logistics ni ring mi c th din ra lin tc nhp nhng. Nhng nh th khng c ngha l d tr cng nhiu cng tt,iu ny s lm lng ph, dn n hiu qu sn xut khng cao. chnh l nguyn nhn cn phi c khu qun tr d tr trong ton b h thng Logistics. Cn s dng tt v phi hp cht ch cc k thut: phn tch, d bo, m hnh d tr, h thng gii quyt n hng lm tt cng tc qun tr d tr, bin n thnh cng c c lc gip cng ty t c thnh cng. 1.4. Qun tr vt t: Qun tr vt t l mt b phn ca qun tr Logistics. Vt t bao gm: nguyn nhin vt liu, thit b, my mc, cc b phn thay th, bn thnh phm Nu dch v khch hng u ra ca qu trnh logistics, th qun tr vt t l u vo ca qu trnh ny. Nu qun tr vt t khng tt s dn n thnh phm km cht lng. Khng th c bnh ngon khi bt, ng khng t yu cu. Cc hot ng ca qun tr vt t: xc nh nhu cu vt t, tm ngun cung cp, tin hnh mua sm vt t, t chc vn chuyn, nhp kho v lu kho, bo qun v cung cp cho ngi s dng, qun tr h thng thng tin c lin quan,lp k hoch v kim sot hng tn kho, tn dng ph liu ph phm. Ngoi ra, cn lm nhim v qun l sn xut t bn ngoi. 1.5. Qun tr vn ti: Cc loi vn ti: Vn ti ng b Vn ti ng thy Vn ti ng st Vn ti ng hng khng Vn ti ng ng

p ng c yu cu ca khch hng . trc tin l p ng v mt v tr, vn chuyn hng ng n ni khch hng yu cu. k tip l p ng v mt thi gian. Chnh vic xc nh hnh thc vn ti s quyt nh n vic hng c vn chuyn n ni ng lc hay khng. Gi tr gia tng y chnh l vic khch hng c hng dch v hoc sn phm ng ni v ng lc. 1.6. Kho bi: Vic chn v tr xy dng nh my, kho hng l vic lm mang tnh chin lc, n khng ch nh hng n chi ph vn chuyn, m cn nh hng n cht lng dch v khch hng, tc lu chuyn hng ha v tt nhin l nh hng n ton b dy chuyn logistics. V tr kho hng c quyt nh da vo cc iu kin c bn nh: gn cc trung tm bn hng ln, c h tng giao thng tt, th tc n gin, c bit l th tc thng quan. C i ng nhn vin chuyn nghip v nht l c tnh hnh chnh tr x hi n nh. 1.7. Chi ph logistics v phn tch tng chi ph Logistics: Theo nghin cu iu tra th chi ph logistics c th vt qu 25% chi ph sn xut. Do nu qun tr logistics tt, c th tit kim c mt khon chi ph ng k, gp phn tng li nhun ca cng ty. Bn cnh , qun tr logistics tt cn gp phn tng tc lu kim v rt ngn thi gian thu hi vn.

CHNG (5.6.7.8) l m rng ca chng 4 ( qun tr Logistics). Mun tm hiu su th c thm =))
1. T trng chi ph Logistics trong GDP ca mt s nc ang pht trin l rt cao, ti Vit nam hin l 25%, Thi Lan 19%, Trung Quc 18-20%... Theo anh ch loi chi ph no l chi ph ln nht trong chi ph Logistics 2. hon thnh k hoch sn xut hng nm cng ty UEB cn 1000 n v nguyn liu, chi ph t hng l 100USD/1 n hng. Chi ph lu kho l 5USD/1v nguyn liu/ nm Hy xc inh: - Mc t hng ti u(EOQ) - S lng n hng trong 1 nm - Khong cch gia hai ln t hng - Tng chi ph d tr 3. V sao Vit nam nhiu ngi lm tng Logistics chi l nhng hot ng trong ngnh giao nhn vn ti v h din nm "Logistics l kho v vn"