Overview

di ee* dellallenamento eccentrico vs. concentrico

Mar%no Franchi
MRC-ARUK Centre of Excellence for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research Division of Clinical and Metabolic Physiology School of Graduate Entry Medicine University of NoEngham

Strength training

From Narici & Franchi, Scienza & Sport 2012

Factors inuencing muscle strength

Muscle Cross Sec%onal Area (CSA) (Hypertrophy) Muscle architecture Neural control Muscle length and joint angle Velocity

Mechanisms of hypertrophy: satellite cells

From Bruusgaard et al. 2009

Muscle morphology and architecture

anterior

lateral

medial

Eccentric and Concentric contrac?ons

Main components of RET Completely dierent types of contrac%on Dierent produc%on of muscle force Dieren%al muscle adapta%ons in response to training

Concentric vs. Eccentric

Sarcomere Thick filament

z Z line Actin Myosin Titin Z line x Thin filament

Copyright Elsevier 2004

Copyright Elsevier 2004

S2

S1 Actin A B C

Copyright Elsevier 2004

Jones et al. Skeletal Muscle from molecules to movement, 2004

STUDY DESIGN
Unilateral ECC or CON MVC, MRI & Ultrasound

12 healthy young males (25 3 y.o.) 2 training groups: CON vs. ECC Training: 4 series of 8-10 reps at 80% of either CON or ECC 1RM, 3 %mes per week for 10 weeks

Muscle biopsies collected at 30 mins a_er a single ECC or CON training session

CON

ECC

Reeves, Maganaris, Longo & Narici. 2009, Exp Physiol

VL fascicle behaviour during CON and ECC exercise

End/Start of contraction (Normalised)
Muscle Architecture during leg-press exercise ^^^ *** *** ^^^ CONCENTRIC ECCENTRIC

1.4 1.2 1.0 *** 0.8

CONCENTRIC MOVEMENT

Lf (cm)

PA (deg)

*** P < 0.0001 ^^^ = significantly different between ECCENTRIC MOVEMENT groups P < 0.0001
Franchi et al. 2013, in revision

Morphological, funcKonal and architectural adaptaKons

RESULTS

Franchi et al. 2013, in revision

Hypertrophy of pennate muscle

Addition of sarcomeres in-series ECC+++, CON+

Distal

Proximal

Addition of sarcomeres in-parallel ECC+, CON+++

ECCENTRIC

CONCENTRIC
Russel B et al. J. Appl. Physiol. (2000) 88: 11271132

Kehat et al. Circ Res. 2011: 108: 176-183

Molecular responses to a single CON vs. ECC training session

p-p38 MAPKinase
Normalised Values (AU)
25 20 15 6 4 2 0
*** = P < 0.0001

RESULTS
ECCENTRIC

p-ERK 1/2
Normalised Values (AU)
***

30

CONCENTRIC

CONCENTRIC ECCENTRIC

4
*

* = P < 0.05

Baseline

30 min

Baseline

30 min

p-p90RSK
Normalised Values (AU)
6
**

CONCENTRIC ECCENTRIC

2
** = P < 0.01

Baseline

30 min

Franchi et al. 2013, in revision

SUMMARY
ECC
VL VOLUME MVC Lf PA p-p38 p-ERK 1/2 p-p90RSK

++ ++ +++ + +++ + ++

CON ++ ++ + +++ x x x
Franchi et al. 2013, in revision

CONCLUSIONS
Dis%nct fascicle behaviour during ECC and CON contrac%on Pure ECC and CON training produced similar gains in muscle mass and strength but through dis?nctly dierent architectural adapta?ons Dieren%al acute molecular responses to ECC vs. CON exercise (MAPK ac%va%on) Dis?nct architectural and molecular adapta?ons may be linked as a result of contrac?on-specic responses to ECC vs. CON RET

Whats next?
Eccentric/Concentric and Sarcopenia Stretch-shortening cycle (SCC, Plyometrics) Protein turnover in response (anabolic response) to specic training protocols (measured by stable isotope tracing techniques)

Acknowledgements
Prof Marco Narici, UoN

Dr Philip Atherton, UoN Prof Neil Reeves, MMU

Prof M Flck, University of Zurich Dr W K Mitchell, UoN Dr M R Beltran-Valls, University of Rome, Foro Italico Dr A Selby, UoN

Neural control

From Komi et al. 2000

From Aagaard et al. 2000