Locality of reference.
Improved reliability and availability
Acceptable performanceBalanced storage capacities and costMinimal communication costs.
10. What are the four alternative strategies regarding placement of data?
The four
alternative strategies regarding placement of data are:
Centralized
Fragmented(partitioned)
Complete replicationSelective replication
11. What are the rules that have to be followed during fragmentation?
The three correctness rules are:
o
Completeness: ensure no loss of data
o
Reconstruction: ensure Functional dependency preservation
o
Disjoint ness: ensure minimal data redundancy.
12. What are the objectives of concurrency control?
o
To be resistant to site and communication failure.
o
To permit parallelism to satisfy performance requirements.
o
To place few constraints on the structure of atomic actions.
13. What is multiple
-
copy consistency problem?
It is a problem that occurs when there is more than one copy of data item indifferent locations and when the changes are made only in some copies not in all copies.
14. What are the two approaches in distributed environment?
Locking
Timestamp
Locking guarantees that the concurrent execution is equivalent to someunpredictable serial execution of those transactions.
15. What are the types of Locking protocols?
o
Centralized 2 phase locking
o
Primary 2 phase lo
cking
o
Distributed 2 phase locking
o
Majority locking
16. What are the failures in distributed DBMS?
The loss of message
The failure of a communication link The failure of a site
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