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••
THE
.
NEW
YORK
LEGAL
OBSERVER,
CONTAINING
REPORTS
OF
CASES
DECIDED
IN
THE
COURTS
OF
EQUITY
AND
COMMON
LAW,
.
.Al'fD
IMPORTANTDECISIONSINTHE
ENGLISH
COURTS;
,
ARTICLES
ON
LEGALSUBJECTS,PRACTICALPOINTSOFGENERALINTEREST,REMARKABLETRIALS,
SKETCHES
OF
THEBENCHAND
THE
BAR,ANECDOTES,
&c.
&c
WITH
ATABLE
OF
CASES,AGENERALINDEX,
A1'fD
..
'"
ADIG:EST
OF
THEREPORTS.
:'.:
' : " ' ~ " " ~ ~ :
: : ) F . : ~ : :
1
.
~ E ~ ~ :
..
:·:··
..
· : ~ . ; · · · :
EDITED
BY
-
SAMUELOWEN,
or
THE
lU:W
TOall:
BAa.
Volume
m.,
NEWYORK:
SAlIUELOWEN,
4j
ANNSTREET.
1846
..
«
EnteredaccordingtotheActofCongressintheyear
1845,
BY
SAMUELOWEN,
In
theCleric's
office
oftheDistrict
Court
oftheSouthernDistrictofNew
Yorlc
324424
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236
THE
NEW
YORK
LEGALOBSERVER.
In
Chancery-Lynch
v.
Cbrke
andLynch.
•
TIlE
finn
of
Lynch
&
Clarke,fOrmerly
sowell
known
as
dealers
inmineral
watenlinthecityof
New
York,
first
brought
iDto
general
notice
the
celebrated
C ~
Water
at
Saratoga
Springs.
In
1823,
&
lease
of
the
Con.,oore88
Spring
was
obtaiDed
inthename
of
Clarke,
anda
pu.rebua
made
ofa
parcel
ofland
near
by.
In
JImS
and
1829,
the
title
to
thespring
alldsever
al
hundredacres
of
landadjacent,
was
~
BeforetheHon.
LEWlSH.
SANDFORD,
Assist-
ant
ViceChancellorofthe
First
Circuit.
BBaNUD
L:rNCB
v.
JOHN
CLAUB
AND
JULIA
LYNCH.
Heard,
Ju/y6,
7,8,10,
and
12,1843;
and
upon
brUif8
tu
to
thequution
oj
alienage,
May
6,
July
19,
and
September
17,1844.Decided,
November
5,1844.
. u . I B N A G B ~ I T I Z B N 8 I I I I '
BY
BIKTH
IN
THE
IJNITBD
BTATlIll,
THOUGHOF
ALIBN
PA
JlBNTI
nKI'OJlAIBLY
JlBIlIDING
HBD.
Tha
defendant,
Julia
Lynch,
.....
born
in
theCity
of
N_
York
in
1819,
of
alien
pareuta,during
their
tel4porarysojourn
inthat
city.Shereturnedwith
them
thesameyear,to
their
nativecountry,and
alway.
residedthereafterwards.
..
_
Mill
that
lIhe
_
acitizenoftheUnitedStates.
The
rule
ofthecommonlaw,bywhichaliens
are
precludedfrominheritinglands,stillprevailsin
the
State
of
NcwYork.
The
right
to
realestateby
delcen!,
is
governed
by
the
mlHlicip8l
law
of
this
state,
and
the
legisla
ture
mayen'lblealiens
to
inherit
Butwhile
the
lawremains
as
it
now
is,
the
questiononthe
right
to
inherit
must
turn
uponthealienage
.or
citizemlhip
of
the
poreon
c l a i m i ~
to
be
the
heIr.
The
right
of
citizenship,
as
distinguishedfromalienage,is
a
national
rightor
condition.
It
J?Cr
tains
to
the
confederatedsovereignty,theUmted
States;
andnot
to
theindividualstates.
Vade!:
tho!
CoDstitution
of
theUnitedStates,the.power
liD
~ a t e
naturalizatioeisvestedinCon
grC98,
and
swee
CODgrC98
haslegislateduponthesubject,thestateshavenopowertoact
in
regard
ton.
Neither
the
common
law
DOl'
the
.tatute
law
of
the
State
of
New
York,
CIUl
determ.ine
whether
Julia
Lyncbwasorwasnot
an
alien.
The
policyandlegislationoftheAmericanColo
Dies,
from
their
earliesttimesuntil
the
Revolu
tion,_
adaptedtofosterimmigration,andtobeItowuponforeigners
all
tberightsofnatural
bam
subjects.Andthispolicycontinuedunchanged
in
the
thirteenoriginalstates,whiletheywereunited
by
the
Articles
of
Confederation.
The
uniform.
CIlW'IIe
WlI8,
to
extend,
not
toMlridtJe,
the
right
of
citizellllhip.
The
common
law
bywhich
all
personsbornwithin
the
lrinlt'sallegiance,becamesubjects,whateverwerethosituationof
their
parenta,becamethe
lawof
the
colonies,
and
80
continued,
while
tbeywereconnected
with
the
crown
of
Great
Britain.
It
wasthUl
the
law
of
eachand
all
of
tbe
states
at
theDeclaration
or
Independence,andsoremain
ed
until
the
NationalColllltitutionwentinto
ef-
feet,
that
a
childhom
within
their
territory
and
liepance
~ t i v e l l '
t h o ~ h
of
alienparents,
whowere
abidiJll
temporarily,thereby
became
•citizen
of
the
IItatie
of
which
he
wasaDlllive.
State
of
New
York
except
110
far
us
it
may
1
The
Con..otitutionof.theUnited
States,'"
weD_
!
fIb
'
those
of
all
the
thirteenold
lItatelI,
pre"6uwc-l
operateas
an
a p p o m t m e n ~
0
rea
estate
Y
i
theexistence
of
the
common
law,
aDd
wu
fOWlll-
a
jetM
corert
under
a
valid
power
for
that
I
cd
uponitaprinciples,
80
far
as
they
werO!
appli
purpose.
'I
cable
to
oursituationandform
of
~ v e r n m e n t .
And
to
alimited
extent,
theprinca:::..of
thecommonlawprevail
in
the
United,
all
asystemofnational
jumprudence.
The
subjectofalienageunder
the
national
com
pact,becameanationalsubject,whichmust
be
controlledbyaprincipleco-extensive
wiU,
theUnitedStates.
And
as
thereisno
collltitution&1
or
congressionalprovisiondoclarillg
c i ~
bybirth,
it
must
be
regulalt!dby
lIOme
rulo
01
nationallaw;andfromthenecessityof
the
case,thatrulemusthavebeenco-eval
with
the
existenceof
the
Union.
The
law
on
this
subject
which
prevailed
in
all
the
lItates,became
the
~ v e r n i n g
principle
orcom
monraw
of
theUmtedStates,
whCll
tho!
union
ofthestates
Wl19
cODBummated,
andtheir
separ
atelegislation
on
thepoint
"'as
terminated.
It
is,therefore,thelaw
of
theUnited
Sta1ea,
that
childrenbornhere,arecitizellll,withoutany
re
gard
to
thepoliticalconditionorallegianceof
their
parents..Children
of
ambassadol'9,are,
in
theory,
born
within
the
allegiance
of
the
80vereijpl
power
repre.mtlld.
anddonotfallwithintherule.Bythelaw
a;j
establishedinGreatBritain,
os
well
as.inthiscountr}",thereis
of
necessityinmanycases,
a
duuble
allegisnee.
Thus,
where
the
citizens
of
the
onecountryarenaturalized
.in
the
other;
andwhereissueare
hom
inthe
ODe,
of
parentswho
are
citizens
of
theothercountry.Suchisthe
law
ofSpainandPortugal.
By
thecommon
law,
children
born
abroad
of
ED-
glishparenta,weresubjoctsof
the
croWD.
The
Stat.
25
Edward,
3
St.
2,
De
flatU
tdtra
_,
wasdeclaratoryoftheoldcommonlaw.
Semble,
that
childrenofcitizensofthe
United
States,althoughborn
in
foreigncountries,
UId
notwithin
the
proviai.onsof
tb.-ct
at
~
of1802;are,nevertheless,citizensoftheU,uted"States.
The
benignpolicyofthiscountry
in
reference
toim
migrants,
traced
higtorically,
aDd
itswisdom
aDd
justicemaintained.
The
principalpoint,sustained,by
reference
to
the
legislationofthestates,bystatepapers,and,
b)-
theopinionsofemminentstatesmennnd
jadges.
andwriters
on
constitutionallaw.
The
rnleofthenationalorpUblic
law
considered.
It
isderivedfromthecivil
law,
and
is
Dot
uni
formlyheld
in
countries,
the
jurisprudeuoe
o£
which
isfoundedupon
that
system;
...
ia
it
clearlydefinedintheory.
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