Building Standards in Educational and Professional Testing
National Testing Service Pakistan Overseas
Scholarship Scheme for PhD Studies
2
Quantitative Ability
The Quantitative section measures your basic mathematical skills,understanding of elementary mathematical concepts, and the ability to reasonquantitatively and solve problems in a quantitative setting. There is abalance of questions requiring basic knowledge of arithmetic, algebra,geometry, and data analysis. These are essential content areas usuallystudied at the high school level.The questions in the quantitative section can also be from
•
Discrete Quantitative Question
•
Quantitative Comparison Question
•
Data Interpretation Question etc.The distribution in this guide is only to facilitate the candidates. Thisdistribution is not a part of test template, so, a test may contain all thequestions of one format or may have a random number of questions of different formats.This chapter is divided into 4 major sections. The first discusses the syllabus /contents in each section of the test respectively and the remaining threesections address the question format, guide lines to attempt the questions ineach format and some example questions.
2.1
General Mathematics Review
2.1.1
Arithmetic
The following are some key points, which are phrased here to refresh yourknowledge of basic arithmetic principles.
Basic arithmetic
•
For any number
a
, exactly one of the following is true:
o
a
is negative
o
a
is zero
o
a
is positive
•
The only number that is equal to its opposite is 0 (e.g.
0
a a only if a
= − =
)
•
If 0 is multiplied to any other number, it will make it zero (
00
a
× =
).
•
Product or quotient of two numbers of the same sign are always positiveand of a different sign are always negative. E.g. if a positive number ismultiplied to a negative number the result will be negative and if anegative number is divided by another negative number the result will bepositive.See the following tables for all combinations.
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