Reinforced Brick and Mortar Design

Created by: Last Revision: Checked by: Ann Polaneczky, Ryan Mahoney & Rajesh Punjabi 6/9/2009

This design is based on: Circular Storage Tanks and Silos by A. Ghali Design of Concrete Structures by A. Nilson et. al. Concrete Slabs Analysis and Design by R. J. Cope & L. A. Clark Reinforced Concrete Slabs by R. Park & W. Gamble See reference tables for formulas and assumed constants

Symbol Bricks Brick Length Brick Width Brick Height Tank Tank Wall Thickness Inner Diameter of Tank Diameter of Tank Radius of Tank Inner Radius Outer Radius Height of Water in Tank Height of Tank Circumference Mortar Thickness Mortar Thickness at Rebar Location Unit Weight Water Unit Weight Mortar Unit Weight Concrete Seismic Loads Max Ground Acceleration Acceleration due to gravity a g hb DINNER D r rINNER rOUTER hWATER hTANK C tMORTAR tREBAR MORTAR wWATER wMORTAR wCONCRETE BrickL BrickW BrickH

Value 10.00 5.00 2.50

10.00 13.00 13.83 6.92 6.50 7.33 6.50 7.00 46.08 1.33 2.00 62.40 120.00 150.00

2.45 9.81

Seismic Ratio Materials Yield strength of Steel Tensile Strength of Masonry Modulus of Elasticity, Steel Modulus of Elasticity, Masonry N Compressive Strength of Concrete Modulus of Elasticity, Concrete

S=a/g

0.25

fy f'm Es Em Es/Em f'c Ec

40000.00 300.00 29000000.00 165000.00 175.76 3000.00 3122018.578

y & Rajesh Punjabi

Units in in in

Notes

These dimensions were taken during assessment

in ft ft ft ft ft ft ft in in pcf pcf pcf

2 Bricks wide BrickL Diameter to middle of tank wall Radius to middle of tank wall

m/s2 m/s
2

REF: Global Seismic Hazard Assessment Program Map: Central America - Carribean

d=2r psi psi psi psi psi psi

BrickH BrickW

hb

hb

Tank Wall Design

Horizontal Reinforcement
Symbol HYDROSTATIC FORCES hTOP/hBOTTOM qHYDROSTATIC coefficient NHYDROSTATIC PER FOOT= NHYDROSTATIC= SEISMIC FORCES - Assuming Rigid Water Horizontal Rebar spacing Weight of Water in 9" Section of Tank Seismic Load HRebarSPACING WWATER(9") qSEISMIC coeff = NSEISMIC= 9.00 in 6211.87 lbs 112.15 lb-ft 1.00 @ any (x/l) 775.69 lbs / 9" section 3.67 1.00 405.60 lb/ft^2 1.00 2804.56 lb/ft 2103.42 lb/9" section Value Units

Force Due to Water Pressure N= coeff. X qr @ x=0, (x/l)=0 & coeff. =

TOTAL LOADING Factor of Safety NTOTAL FS Ns As 2879.11 lbs/9" section 2.50 7197.78 NTOTAL*FS 0.18 in2/9" section

Area of Steel

Notes l^2 / dhb * thickness of our walls does not vary. q=(unit weight of water * pressure head) = w*l coefficient from Table 11.1 of A.Ghali Hoop Force

Vertical distance between hoops (3 brick layers) w**(rINNER)^2*HrebarSPACING Weight of 9" section*S/DINNER

REF: Table 11.3 Circular Storage Tanks and Silos by A. Ghali

NSEISMIC + NHYDROSTATIC

2 No. 3 bars at 9" O.C. (every 3rd Brick layer)

siesmic loading = load per 9" of water

Tank Wall Design

Bending Moment on Vertical Wall
Fixed End at bottom, Free End at top Symbol HYDROSTATIC COMPONENT Dimensionless Parameter (Tank Shape) hTOP/hBOTTOM qHYDROSTATIC Value 3.67 1.00 405.60 lb/ft^2 -0.02655 0.00763 NMomentHYDROSTATIC PMomentHYDROSTATIC -454.91 lb-ft/ft 130.75 lb-ft/ft Units

Force Due to Water Pressure Max Negative Coefficient: Max Positive Coefficient: Hydrostatic Neg. Moment = Hydrostatic Pos. Moment =

SEISMIC COMPONENT Weight of Water in 9" Section of Tank Force due to Seismic Load Max Negative Coefficient: Max Positive Coefficient: Seismic Moment = coefficient*qh*l^2 Seismic Neg. Moment = Seismic Pos. Moment = WWATER(1') qSEISMIC 7033.79 lbs/ft 126.99 -0.03640 0.00739

NMomentSEISMIC PMomentSEISMIC

-195.28 lb-ft/ft 39.63 lb-ft/ft

TOTAL BENDING MOMENT Total Negative Moment Total Positive Moment NMomentTOTAL PMomentTOTAL -650.19 lb-ft/ft 170.39 lb-ft/ft

FACTORED BENDING MOMENT Factor Of Safety Negative Factored Moment Positive Factored Moment

FS NMFACTORED PMFACTORED

2.5 -1625.48 lb-ft/ft 425.96 lb-ft/ft

Notes l^2 / dhb * thickness of our walls does not vary. q=(unit weight of water * pressure head) = w*l Coefficient from Table 11.23 of A. Ghali Coefficient from Table 11.23 of A. Ghali Coefficient*qHYDROSTATIC*hWATER Coefficient*qHYDROSTATIC*hWATER

w**(rINNER)^2*(9/12) weight of 1' section*S/D Coefficient from Table 11.4 of A. Ghali Coefficient from Table 11.4 of A. Ghali

Coefficient*qSEISMIC*hWATER Coefficient*qSEISMIC*hWATER

NMomentHYDROSTATIC + NMomentSEISMIC PMomentHYDROSTATIC + PMomentSEISMIC

Tank Wall Design

Vertical Reinforcement
Symbol Design of Vertical Rebar Base of Section Effective Depth Trial & Error: Area of Steel Spacing Area of Steel per ft = As/bd As AsPER FT N k j 0.20 in 18.00 in 2 0.133 in 0.0033 9.29 0.22 0.93
2

Value

Units 12.00 in 5.00 in

b d

k = sqrt((pn)^2 + 2pn) - pn j = 1 - k/3

M = As*fy*j*d Factored Moment

M NMFACTORED

2059.40 lb-ft 1625.48 lb-ft

Straight Development Length needed for rebar with standard tank = 0.02*fy/sqrt(f'c)*(diameter of bar) #4 db Diameter of #4 Rebar 0.5 in Diameter of #3 Rebar #4 Rebar Development Length #3 db ldh(#4) 0.375 in 7.303 in 5.477 in 5.112 in 3.834 in

ldh(#3) #3 Rebar Development Length if we provide >2" of cover we can multiply this by 0.7 (ACI Code) ldh(#4) ldh(#3) However ACI states the development length cannot be less than 6"

Notes

No. 4 Rebar

Eq. 3.11 of A. Nilson et. al. Es/Ec Eq. 3.12 of A. Nilson et. al. Eq. 3.13 of A. Nilson et. al.

(Eq. 3.7 of A. Nilson et. al.) M MUST BE > NMFACTORED

Tank Wall Design

Checking for Cracking in Walls
Symbol Critical Stress vs Total Stress Base of Section Height of Section Inertia b h I NMomentHYDROSTATIC NMomentHYDROSTATIC c Value 12 10 1000 454.91 5458.90 5 27.29 120.00 150.00 7.00 7.33 5.83 2.29 8.13 19.17 20

Unit Weight of Mortar Unit Weight of Concrete Tank Wall Height Outer Radius Wall Stress Roof Stress Compressive Stress Total Stress Critical Stress

wMORTAR wCONCRETE hTANK rOUTER StressWALL StressROOF StressCOMP StressTOTAL StressCRITICAL

Units in in in^3 lb-ft/ft lb-in/ft in psi pcf pcf ft ft psi psi psi psi psi

Notes

I = bh^3/12 Higher value from wall moment calculation

Stress = Mc/I

from weight of wall + weight of roof

Critical stress must be > Total Stress

Foundation Design
Rebar at bottom of Foundation: 1 Foot Section 15 ' h = 9" d = 6" 17 ' 17 ' diameter foundation 15 ' to outside of tank walls

pmin = therefore

0.001 As = pbh = 0.096 0.108

Use No. 3 rebar at 12" O.C.

Rebar at Top of Foundation: 12"

9" 6"

Design Moment for Foundation = M factored from vertical rebar calc 1625.48 lb-ft/ft

because d for the foundation is larger than d for the walls (6">5") calc is not necessary with stronger concrete in foundation (instead of brick and mortar in walls) and no.4 rebar @ 12" O.C. (instead of 18" to prevent cracking) Use No. 4 rebar at 12" O.C.

17 ' diameter foundation 15 ' to outside of tank walls

Roof Design
Elastic Method - Load Combination
Symbol Load Combination Roof Thickness Factor of Safety Weight of Slab (DL) Weight chlorination tank (DL) Weight person Concentrated Load from People tROOF FS wSLAB wCl. Tank wPERSON p 0.5 ft. 1.4 105 psf 2380 lbs 200 lbs 1020 lbs Value Units

Bending Moment at Center Due to Distributed Load, q Base of Section b Effective Depth of Section d Bending Moment due to Distributed Load MCENTER = 0.2 * q * a^2 MCENTER, q Bending Moment at Center Due to Concetrated Load, p MCENTER, p Total Bending Moment MuTOTAL MnTOTAL

12 in 4 in

1129.33 lb-ft/ft

1360 lb-ft/ft

2489.33 2765.926

Notes

1700*1.4(FOS) Wt of 3 people * 1.7(FOS)

Eq from Concrete Slabs Analysis and Design by R. J. Cope & L. A. Clark where a=radius and q=w SLAB

MCENTER = 0.4*p

Mu=0.9*Mn Mn=Mn/0.9

Roof Design
Roof Reinforcement
Symbol Design of Roof Rebar Base of Section Effective Depth Trial & Error: Area of Steel Spacing Area of Steel per ft = As/bd N k = sqrt((pn)^2 + 2pn) - pn j = 1 - k/3 k j As AsPER FT
2 0.20 in 8.00 in 2 0.300 in

Value

Units 12.00 in 3.50 in

b d

0.0048 9.29 0.26 0.91

M = As*fy*j*d Factored Moment

M MnTOTAL

3200.79 lb-ft 2765.93 lb-ft

Notes

No. 4 Rebar

Eq. 3.11 of A. Nilson et. al.

Eq. 3.12 of A. Nilson et. al. Eq. 3.13 of A. Nilson et. al.

(Eq. 3.7 of A. Nilson et. al.) M MUST BE > MnTOTAL

Tank Material Quantities

Calculated By: Last Revision Checked By: Rajesh Punjabi & Ryan Mahoney 6/9/2009

Summary Bricks Cement Sand Gravel Water #3 Rebar #4 Rebar

2235 61 11.96 7.49 1.20 1979 775

Bricks 94lb-bags cu.yds cu.yds cu.yds ft ft

Brick and Mortar Quantities

Calculated By: Last Revision Checked By: Rajesh Punjabi & Ryan Mahoney 6/9/2009

Symbol Given Brick Length Brick Width Brick Height Mortar Thickness Tank Diameter (int.) Height of Tank Gallons of Water Brick Data Brick Volume Brick Length w/ mortar Brick Depth w/ mortar Brick Height w/ mortar Inner Wall of Bricks Thickness of interior grout Diameter inside bricks Circumference (int.) No. bricks per course Outer Wall of Bricks Gap between walls Diameter inside bricks Circumference No. bricks per course Brick Quantity Summary Bricks per course No. of courses Total bricks required Wall Thickness Summary Tank interior diameter Thickness of interior mortar Thickness of inner bricks Thickness of middle mortar BrickL BrickW BrickH

Value

Units 10.00 in 5.00 in

Notes 0.833 feet 0.417 feet 0.208 feet

hTANK

2.50 1 12.667 7.00

in inches feet feet 6598.4 gallons

125 11 6 3.5

cu.in. inches inches inches

0.072 0.9167 0.50 0.2917

cf feet feet feet

2 13.00 40.8 45

inches feet feet bricks

2 14.2 44.5 49

inches feet feet bricks

(I assumed this from your formula for Watch units! Gap should have been 2" as reference

93 bricks/course 24 courses 2235 bricks

12.67 2 5 2

feet inches inches inches

This appears as 1.5 inches un

Thickness of outer bricks Thickness of exterior mortar Wall thickness Tank Diameter (exterior) Tank Radius (exterior) Floor Summary Thickness of Interior Mortar on floor Bulk Volume Summary Volume of walls and water Volume of water Volume of walls Volume of bricks Volume of mortar Average Circumfrence

5 1 15 15.17 7.58

inches inches inches feet feet

2" 1.25 feet

2 inches

1265 861 404 162 242 42.674347

cu.ft cu.ft cu.ft cu.ft cu.ft

6441.3 Gal

8.9601 cu.yds

Will we need additional mortar for the interior floor of the tank? Will we need additional bricks and mortar for the valve boxes on the side of the tank and the

d this from your formula for outer row circumference, which seemed to add 1.5 inches to 13 feet to get 14.5 feet?)

ld have been 2" as referenced below. I also changed cell C28 to reference C27, not C21

This appears as 1.5 inches under "outer wall of bricks" calc. Which is right?

6 inches - ht of outlet (bottom of pipe) 63.0097 cu. Ft 471.3126 gallons 5969.959

I'm not sure what this is for, but it looks like it might be referenced later, so I left it here. Also, I think it might be calculated wrong? It's the average of the circumferences of the interior edges of each brick course.

n the side of the tank and the chlorination box on the roof?

Mortar Mix
Standard Mix Amount Mortar in Walls Sand Cement 4 1 Units % by Volume Total Amount 8.96 100.00% 8.96 25.00% 2.24

Note: For regular masonry, the volume of mortar equals the volume of sand with a 4:1 ratio of sand:cement per A Handbook of Gravity-flow Water Systems by Thomas D. Jordan Jr.

Units cubic yds. cubic yds. cubic yds.

Concrete Quantites
Symbol Concrete Foundation Dimensions: Diameter Radius Depth Foundation Volume: Concrete Roof Dimensions: Diameter Radius Depth Roof Volume Total Concrete Needed Total Concrete Volume Value 17.17 8.58 0.75 173.60 Units ft ft ft ft^3 Notes

6.43 yd^3

15.50 7.75 0.50 94.35

ft ft ft ft^3

3.49 yd^3

267.95 ft^3

9.92 yd^3

Unit weight of sand Unit weight of gravel Unit weight of water Unit weight of concrete Concrete Mix: sand: gravel: water: cement: Total: For 1 Cubic Yard of Concrete:

110.00 110.00 62.40 145.00 Volume 10 25 4 1

pcf pcf pcf pcf Volume 1.336806 3.342014 0.534722 1 4.42784

gal gal gal bag

cubic ft cubic ft cubic ft cubic ft cubic ft

Volume sand: gravel: water: cement: 0.302 0.755 0.121 0.226 cubic yd cubic yd cubic yd cubic yd

Weight 147.05 367.62 33.37 94 642.04

lbs lbs lbs lbs lbs

Concrete Mix Total Amount 6.43 1.94 4.85 0.78 39.21 3.49 1.06 2.64 0.42 21.31 9.92 3.00 7.49 1.20 61 Units cubic yds. cubic yds. cubic yds. cubic yds. 94-lb bag cubic yds. cubic yds. cubic yds. cubic yds. 94-lb bag cubic yds. cubic yds. cubic yds. cubic yds. 94-lb bag

Foundation Sand Gravel Water Cement Roof Sand Gravel Water Cement Total Concrete Sand Gravel Water Cement

Rebar Quantities
Rebar Lengths (ft.) Roof - No. 3 Rebar 8.5 10 11 11.5 12.5 13 13.5 14 14 14.5 14.5 15 15 Triple bars sides of roof Hatch Diagonal rebar around roof Hatch Subtotal Top of Foundation - No. 3 Rebar 9.5 12 13.5 15 16 16.5 16.5 16.5 Subtotal Bottom of Foundation - No. 4 Rebar 9.5 12 13.5 15 16 16.5 16.5 16.5 Subtotal Horizontal Wall - No. 3 Rebar circumference (ft) 38 48 54 60 64 66 66 66 462 ft Totals 38 48 54 60 64 66 66 66 462 ft 34 40 44 46 50 52 54 56 56 58 58 60 60 156 16 824 ft x 4 (each side & dir.)

Inner Rebar Outer Rebar Subtotal Vertical Wall - No. 4 Rebar Subtotal

42.4 44.2

339 354 693 ft

313 ft

Total No. 3 Rebar Total No. 4 Rebar

1979 ft 775 ft

What about overlap?

So, how many bars should we buy?

Yield Line Theory - Load Combination:

Weight of slab (distributed load) + Weight of 3 people (concentrated load) MOMENT DUE TO - DISTRIBUTED LOAD Thicknes of Roof (t)= 0.5 ft. FOS = 1.4 Wslab = 150pcf * t * FOS = Mu = W * r^2 / 6 Mu (slab) =

105 psf

(Eq. 7.30 of R. Park) 941.11 lb-ft/ft

MOMENT DUE TO - CONCENTRATED LOAD FOS = 1.7 W per person: 200 lbs Pu = 3*W*FOS = Mu = Pu / (2pi) Mu(3ppl) = 1020 lbs (Eq. 7.34 of R. Park) 162.338 lb-ft/ft

FACTORED MOMENT: Mfactored = (Mu (slab) + Mu (3ppl))/0.9 Mfactored = 1226.055 lb-ft/ft

Design of Rebar in Roof

Goal: b= d= M>Mfactored 12 in 3 in (assume that steel is in center of 6" section)

Trial & Error: Area of rebar: 0.049 in^2 (No. 2 rebar) # of Bars: 10 spacing= 4.607669 ft. (along circumfrence) As per ft. = 0.010634 in^2 M = As*fy*(d-(As*fy/1.7*f'c*b) M= 1246.567 lb-ft/ft (Eq. 3.31 & 3.32 of A. Nilson et. al)

Trial & Error: Area of rebar: 0.11 in^2 (No. 3 rebar) # of Bars: 5 spacing= 9.215338 ft. (along circumfrence) As per ft. = 0.011937 in^2 M = As*fy*(d-(As*fy/1.7*f'c*b) M= 1395.144 lb-ft/ft (Eq. 3.31 & 3.32 of A. Nilson et. al)