Professional Documents
Culture Documents
SKRIPSI
Oleh:
ANUGERAH YUKA ASMARA
NIM 0510310014
UNIVERSITAS BRAWIJAYA
FAKULTAS ILMU ADMINISTRASI
JURUSAN ADMINISTRASI PUBLIK
KONSENTRASI KEBIJAKAN PUBLIK
MALANG
2009
MOTTO
ii
LEMBAR PERSEMBAHAN
I Present My Skripsi To :
My Parents..
Bapak Nyamirin & Ibu Nanik Pudji Lestari
My Elder Sisters..
Punjung Yuka Talita & Mulat Ria Yuka Dela
My Niece..
Ghita Wihardini
My Big Family Any Where..
PakdeBudePaklekBulekMasMbakAdik
All of My Friends.....
Special To Pandawa Team (Myself, Ali Maskur,
Andreas Y.S, Brasta Prahara, & Chandra Buwana A.U)
And..
All of The People In The World
iii
Judul
IMPLEMENTASI
KEBIJAKAN
PEMERINTAH
: 0510310014
Fakultas
: Ilmu Administrasi
Jurusan
: Administrasi Publik
Konsentrasi
: Kebijakan Publik
Komisi Pembimbing
Ketua
Anggota
iv
TANDA PENGESAHAN
Telah dipertahankan di depan majelis penguji skripsi, Fakultas Ilmu
Administrasi Universitas Brawijaya pada :
Hari
: Selasa
Tanggal
: 28 April 2009
Pukul
: 10.00-11.00 WIB
Judul
MAJELIS PENGUJI
Ketua
Anggota
Anggota
Anggota
Apabila ternyata di dalam naskah skripsi ini dapat dibuktikan terdapat unsur-unsur
jiplakan, saya bersedia skripsi ini digugurkan dan gelar akademik yang telah saya
peroleh (S-1) dibatalkan, serta diproses sesuai dengan peraturan perundangundangan yang berlaku (UU No. 20 Tahun 2003, Pasal 25 ayat 2 dan pasal 70)
vi
ABSTRAK
viii
ABSTRACTION
Asmara, Anugerah Yuka. 2009. Policy Implementation of Probolinggo SubProvince Government in Overcoming Impact Contamination of Industrial
Disposal (Study on Society Around SASA INTI Corporation Sub-Province of
Probolinggo). Skripsi 1) Prof. Dr. Agus Suryono MS 2) Drs Mochammad
Rrozikin MAP
Experience in almost all state indicate that industrialization needed
because it guarantying growth of long-range economics. But in other side of
industrial it generate contamination. According to Status Environment Indonesia
Year report 2006 expressing that in Indonesia in the year 2004 about 9.600 middle
and big industry have potency to contaminate surface water and ground water. In
Sub-Province of Probolinggo big scale industrial like PLTU Paiton, Paper
Corporation of Leces, SASA INTI Corporation of Gending, Bromo Tirta Lestari
corporation, three sugar mill, and other industry have potency to generate
contamination of waste to environment. In economic facet of SASA INTI
Corporation give positive impact to society around the area. But the negative side
of SASA INTI Corporation do contamination of waste which harming
environment and society around factory. This research aim to know and describe
how implementation policy of Government of Sub-Province of Probolinggo in
overcoming impact contamination of industrial disposal specially at SASA INTI
Corporation seen in its impact to society around the industry.
This research use descriptive research type with qualitative approach.
Source of data is primary and secondary data; data collecting technique with
observation, interview, triangulation and documentation; used research instrument
that is guides interview, stain field, and human instrument; analysis method cover
of domain analysis, taxonomic analysis, componential analysis, and discovering
cultural theme.
In overcoming the impact industrial contamination of waste, some
regulation have been owned by Pemkab Probolinggo among others is Decision of
Regent of Probolinggo Number 40 Year 2000, Decision of Regent of Probolinggo
Number 41 Year 2000, local regulation Number 7 Year 2002, local regulation
Number 12 Year 2002. local regulation Number 13 Year 2002, Decision of
Regent Number 29 Year 2004. local regulation Number 07 Year 2005, and
Regulation Of Regent of Probolinggo Number 26 Year 2008. Various regulation
translated into various real program in field then socialized to society, pertinent
industrial, mass media, non organizations government, on duty of other local
government of Probolinggo, and also related/relevant other institution. In
implementation of the programs indeed need of budget, executive actor, target
groups, and also punishment. For the environmental budget of Pemkab
Probolinggo in the year 2008, equal to 4.852.795.000 Rupiahs. Various effort
have been done by BLH Sub-Province of Probolinggo addressed to SASA INTI
Corporation that covering study of analysis concerning environmental impact
(AMDAL), UKL / UPL, DPPL, sampling irrigate water body, industrial disposal
water, sea water sampling, air sampling of ambien, assisting assessment of proper
ix
KATA PENGANTAR
Puji syukur kehadirat ALLAH SWT atas segala limpahan rahmat, karunia
dan hidayah-Nya skripsi ini dapat penulis selesaikan dengan tepat waktu. Dan
tidak lupa semoga salam dan Shalawat selalu tercurahkan kepada Nabi
Muhammad SAW beserta keluarga dan sahabat-sahabat Beliau.
Skripsi ini merupakan serangkaian tugas akhir penulis selama mengikuti
kuliah di FIA Universitas Brawijaya dan sebagai salah satu syarat dalam
mendapatkan gelar sarjana. Tema yang diambil dalam skripsi ini adalah bidang
lingkungan hidup dengan judul Implementasi Kebijakan Pemerintah Kabupaten
Probolinggo Dalam Mengatasi Dampak Pencemaran Limbah Industri (Studi
Pada Masyarakat di Sekitar PT SASA INTI Gending Kabupaten Probolinggo).
Sengaja
penulis
mengangkat
judul
tersebut
mengingat
masih
banyak
Penulis
xii
DAFTAR ISI
COVER ............................................................................................................. i
MOTTO ............................................................................................................ ii
LEMBAR PERSEMBAHAN .......................................................................... iii
LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN ............................................................................ iv
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ............................................................................. v
PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS SKRIPSI................................................. vi
ABSTRAK ........................................................................................................ vii
ABSTRACTION .............................................................................................. ix
KATA PENGANTAR...................................................................................... xi
DAFTAR ISI..................................................................................................... xiii
DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................ xviii
DAFTAR BAGAN............................................................................................ xix
DAFTAR GAMBAR........................................................................................ xx
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN .................................................................................... xxi
BAB I PENDAHULUAN................................................................................ 1
1.1 Latar Belakang Masalah......................................................................... 1
1.2 Rumusan Masalah .................................................................................. 9
1.3 Tujuan Penelitian ................................................................................... 9
1.4 Kontribusi Penelitian.............................................................................. 9
1.4.1 Kontribusi Praktis ......................................................................... 9
1.4.2 Kontribusi Akademis .................................................................... 10
1.5 Sistematika Pembahasan ........................................................................ 10
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA...................................................................... 11
2.1 Konsep Good Governance ..................................................................... 11
2.2 Kebijakan Publik (Public Policy) .......................................................... 12
2.2.1 Siklus Kebijakan dan Informasi (Policy and Information Cycle). 14
2.2.2 Implementasi Kebijakan Publik (Public Policy Implementation). 17
2.2.2.1 Pengertian Implementasi Kebijakan Publik ......................... 17
2.2.2.2 Karateristik Implementasi Kebijakan Publik ....................... 19
2.2.2.3 Faktor-Faktor Pendukung/ Pendorong dan
Penghambat Implementasi Kebijakan Publik ...................... 20
2.3 Pemerintah Daerah................................................................................. 22
2.3.1 Perangkat Daerah .......................................................................... 23
2.3.2 Dinas Daerah ................................................................................. 24
2.3.3 Bagian Pokok Pembentuk Struktur dan Fungsi Institusi/
Organisasi Pemerintah Daerah...................................................... 24
2.4 Lingkungan Hidup ................................................................................. 25
2.5 Industri .................................................................................................. 28
2.6 Pencemaran (Pollution).......................................................................... 30
2.7 Limbah Industri...................................................................................... 32
2.7.1 Pengertian Limbah Industri........................................................... 32
2.7.2 Karateristik Limbah Industri ......................................................... 33
xiii
2.7.3 Limbah Industri Kategori Bahan Berbahaya dan Beracun (B3) ... 35
2.7.4 Dampak Negatif Limbah Bahan Berbahaya dan Beracun (B3)
Bagi Lingkungan Hidup dan Masyarakat ..................................... 38
2.8 Kebijakan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup ........................................... 41
2.9 Analisis Mengenai Dampak Lingkungan (AMDAL) ............................ 43
2.9.1 Pengertian AMDAL ...................................................................... 43
2.9.2 Pentingnya AMDAL ..................................................................... 44
2.9.3 Langkah-Langkah Pelaksanaan AMDAL..................................... 46
2.10 Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)................................................ 50
BAB III METODE PENELITIAN ................................................................. 51
3.1 Pengertian Penelitian.............................................................................. 51
3.2 Jenis Penelitian ...................................................................................... 51
3.3 Fokus Penelitian ..................................................................................... 53
3.4 Lokasi dan Situs Penelitian .................................................................... 55
3.5 Sumber dan Jenis Data .......................................................................... 56
3.6 Teknik Pengumpulan Data..................................................................... 57
3.7 Instrumen Penelitian............................................................................... 58
3.8 Teknik Analisis Data.............................................................................. 59
BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN ......................................................... 62
4.1 Gambaran Umum Kabupaten Probolinggo ............................................. 62
4.1.1 Epitomologi ................................................................................... 62
4.1.2 Semboyan ...................................................................................... 62
4.1.3 Visi dan Misi ................................................................................. 63
4.1.4 Kecamatan..................................................................................... 64
4.1.5 Kondisi Fisiografis dan Geografis................................................. 64
4.1.6 Topografi ....................................................................................... 65
4.1.7 Geologi .......................................................................................... 66
4.1.8 Tata Ruang .................................................................................... 66
4.1.9 Keadaan Pantai.............................................................................. 67
4.1.10 Ekosistem Mangrove................................................................... 69
4.1.11 Kependudukan............................................................................. 70
4.1.12 Kesehatan Masyarakat................................................................. 71
4.1.13 Isu-isu Lingkungan Hidup di Kabupaten Probolinggo ............... 72
4.1.14 Kondisi Sumber Daya Air Tanah dan Sungai ............................. 75
4.1.15 Pencemaran Air Permukaan dan Air Tanah................................ 77
4.1.16 Permasalahan Sumber Daya Pesisir dan Laut ............................. 78
4.1.17 Kondisi Kualitas Udara Ambien dan Emisi ................................ 79
4.1.18 Pencemaran Udara....................................................................... 81
4.1.19 Permasalahan Limbah Bahan Berbahaya dan Beracun (B3) ...... 82
4.2 Gambaran Umum Kecamatan Gending .................................................. 83
4.2.1 Letak Geografis dan Topografi ..................................................... 83
4.2.2 Iklim .............................................................................................. 84
4.2.3 Keadaan Mangrove ....................................................................... 84
4.2.4 Jumlah Desa, RT, RW, dan Dusun................................................ 85
4.2.5 Keadaan Penduduk........................................................................ 85
4.2.6 Perekonomian Penduduk............................................................... 87
xiv
xvii
DAFTAR TABEL
xviii
DAFTAR BAGAN
xix
DAFTAR GAMBAR
xx
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN