High Quality
Open the downloaded document, and select print from the file menu (PDF reader required).
wUcvBgy L evua: evsjv‡`‡ki Rb¨ KwVb cix¶v
evsjv‡`k‡K ivóª wn‡m‡e mvg‡bi A‡bK¸‡jv eQi Zvi RvZxq m¤ú`, RvZxq Aw¯— Z¡i¶vi jovB‡q g‡bv‡hvM w`‡Z n‡e| Avgv‡`i `~ f© vM¨
evsjv‡`k iv‡óª i HwZnvwmK Rb¥ cieZ© x mgq¸‡jv‡Z (Ges Zvi Av‡MI) Avgv‡`i miKvi¸‡jv RvZxq AMÖMwZi w`‡K g‡bv‡hvM bv w`‡q wb‡R‡`i c‡KU fivi avÜvq e¨¯—wQ‡jv| eZ© gvb mg‡qI cwiw¯’ wZi †h
Ly e †ewk cwieZ© b n‡q‡Q Zvi AvjvgZ †evSv hv‡”Q bv| Ab¨vb¨ Z… Zxq
we‡k¦ i †`k¸‡jvi g‡ZvB †`k‡cÖ g Ges RvZxqZv‡eva Avgv‡`i ivRbxwZwe` Ges ey w×Rxex my kxj mgv‡Ri g‡a¨ AZ¨š—Kg| d‡j
RvwZ wn‡m‡e gv_v †mvRv K‡i `u vov‡bvi cÖ wqv AvgjvZvwš¿ Kfv‡e
GLb AZ¨š—RwUj| mvgª vR¨ev`x †`k¸‡jvI ZvB Avgv‡`i bxwZ, mve© ‰fvgZ¡, RvZxq m¤ú` wb‡q bvbvb ai‡Yi wQwbwgwb Ly e mn‡RB
†Lj‡Z cv‡i| fviZ-evsjv‡`k m¤úK© Ggwb‡Z Avgv‡`i ivRbxwZ‡Z weivU cÖ fve we¯— vi K‡i Avm‡Q| cÖ wZ‡ekx Ges AvqZ‡b wekvj nIqvq fvi‡Zi `v`vwMwi g‡bvfve Avgv‡`i Dci cÖ wZwbqZB Pj‡Q| Avgv‡`i miKvi¸‡jvi bZRvby ciivóª bxwZ GB ai‡Yi m¤úK© ‡K Av‡iv †cv³
K‡i‡Q| GB my ‡hv‡M fviZ KL‡bv KL‡bv evsjv‡`k‡K ev` w`‡qB Zvi RvZxq ¯^ v_© wmw×i cvKv‡cv³ e‡›`ve¯—K‡i| Avš—:b`x ms‡hvM †ZgwbB
GKwU cÖ Kí| hvi g‡a¨ fvi‡Zi ‡fZi w`‡q evsjv‡`‡ki w`‡K cÖ evwnZ †ek K‡qKwU b`xi cvwbi cÖ evn cwieZ© b K‡i fvi‡Zi gi“ AÂj¸‡jv‡Z cvVv‡bv n‡e| d‡j gi“ ivR¨¸‡jvq AwaK km¨ djv‡bv m¤¢ e n‡e| Avš—:b`x ms‡hvM cÖ Kí Ges Zvi cvkvcvwk b`x kvm‡bi
me¸‡jv cÖ Kí fviZ nv‡Z †bq 1950-60 mv‡ji g‡a¨; †m Aby hvqx Zviv Zv‡`i KvR AMÖ miI K‡i| G ai‡Yi cÖ K‡íi mv‡_ Aek¨B evsjv‡`‡ki RbM‡Yi ¯^ v_© RwoZ _v‡K, gv‡S gv‡S wewfbœRvb© vj
wKsev we‡klÁiv G wel‡q ‡Lu vRLei RvbvqI wKš‘IB †h Avgv‡`i bxwZ wba© viK‡`i UbK b‡o G‡Kev‡i B‡j‡fš’ AvIqv‡i| Avš—:b`x
ms‡hvM cÖ Kí Ges eZ© gvb mg‡qi wUcvBgy L evua wb‡q miKvi D”PwKZ
nq fvi‡Zi cvj© v‡g‡›U hLb G¸‡jv wej AvKv‡i cvk nq ZLb| A‡b‡K `vwe Ki‡Z cv‡ib wej AvKv‡i cvk nIqvi Av‡M †Zv G¸‡jvi AvBbMZ wfwË wQ‡jv bv, Zv wVK Z‡e fvi‡Zi g‡Zv my cÖ wZwôZ MYZvwš¿ K †`‡k Avgv‡`i g‡Zv DcwiKvVv‡gvi PP© v Aš— Z RvZxq ¯^ v‡_© i
wel‡q nq bv| Aek¨B G ai‡Yi welq¸‡jv wb‡q Zv‡`i we‡klÁiv A‡bK KvR K‡i‡Qb, Gi m¤¢ ve¨Zv, ¶wZ-jvf we‡ePbv K‡i Zviv 50 eQ‡ii cwiKíbvq G wm×vš—¸‡jv wb‡qwQ‡jv| Avgv‡`i my ‡hvM wQ‡jv fvi‡Zi msm‡` DÌvwcZ nIqvi Av‡MB G welq¸‡jv wb‡q †Rvi K~ U‰bwZK ZrciZv Pvjv‡bvi| fvi‡Zi gwYcy i iv‡R¨i wUcvBgy L bvgK GK úvnvox A‡j eivK b`x‡Z gvwë cvicvm W¨vg wbg© vY Kivi GK cwiKíbvi K_v wewfbœ m~ ‡Îi eiv‡Z Avgiv Rvb‡Z †c‡iwQ| †mLvb eu va wbg© vY Kivi cvkvcvwk
nvB‡Wª v B‡jKwUª K cvIqvi c− ¨›U evbv‡bvi cÖ v_wgK cwiKíbvi K_vI
Avgiv ïb‡Z †c‡qwQ
|
wm‡jU †Rjvi RwKM‡Äi A`y ‡i Agjwk`
mxgvš—c‡q›U †_‡K mivmwi gvÎ 100 wK‡jvwgUvi DRv‡b fvi‡Zi gwbcy i iv‡R¨i ‡PvivPvu `cy i bvgK ¯’ v‡b †hLv‡b eivK I Uz BfvB b`x
wgwjZ n‡q‡Q ‡mLv‡b ÔwUcvBgy L eûgyLx Rj we`y ¨r cÖ KíÕ bv‡g 500
dz U Du PzI 1500 dz U `xN© GK wekvj cv_‡ii ev‡ai bKkv cÖYqb
BwZg‡a¨ fvi‡Zi †K›`ª xq KZ… © c¶ m¤úbœK‡i‡Q| hvi d‡j cÖ vq 300
eM© wK:wg:GjvKv 15 wewjqb Nb wgUv‡ii GK wekvj Rjvav‡i cwiYZ n‡e| 1928 mv‡j cÖ wZwóZ B›Uvib¨vkbvj Kwgkb Ab jvR© W¨v‡gi cÖ `Ë msÁv Aby hvqx 15 wgUvi ev Z`y aŸ© Ges 3 wgwjqb wKD‡eK wgUvi
ev Gi †ekx cvwb avib ¶gZv m¤úbœevua-†K jvR© W¨vg ejv nq|
2008 mv‡ji A‡±ve‡i ÔwUcvBgy L eûgy Lx Rj we`y ¨r cÖ KíÕ - Gi Rb¨
cwi‡ek QvocÎ †`qv n‡q‡Q Ges 2006 mv‡j fviZxq R¡ vjvbx gwš¿ my kxj Kz gvi wm‡›` Gi wfwË cÖ ¯— i ¯’vcb K‡ib| eva wbg© v‡Yi KvR
†c‡q‡Q b_© Bó B‡jKwUª K cvIqvi K‡c© v‡ikb (wbc‡Kv)|
fvi‡Zi `vwe wUcvBgy L eu va wbwg© Z n‡j Ges c~ Y© kvw³‡Z cwiPvwjZ
n‡j 1500 †gMvIqvU we`y ¨r Drcvw`Z n‡e, wKš‘ ev¯— ‡e eu v‡a KL‡bvB
c~ Y© kvw³ e¨envi nq bv, d‡j mvaviYfv‡e GB cÖ K‡í m‡eŸv”P© 400
†gMvIqvU we`y ¨r Drcvw`Z n‡e| wKš‘bó n‡e eivK-my igv-Kz wkqviv-‡gNbv AeevwnKvi †KvwU †KvwU
gvby ‡li Rxeb| c„ w_ex Ry ‡o weMZ 200 eQ‡i eo eu va wbg© vb K‡i
we`y ¨r Drcv`‡bi †KŠkj e¨eüZ n‡”Q| gvwK© b hy ³ivóªeu va wbg© v‡b
me‡P‡q AMÖ mi wKš‘ y Zviv wb‡RivB cu vP kZvwaK eu va †f‡½ w`‡q‡Q|
wKš‘eZ© gv‡b MYPxb I fvi‡Z eu va wbg© v‡bi wnwoK c‡o‡Q| we‡k¦ i
†gvU eu v‡ai 57% GB `y B †`‡k| Pxb eª þcy ‡Îi b`xi Dr†mi eu va w`‡q
50% cvwb Zv‡`i †Mvwe gi“f~ wg‡Z wb‡Z Pvq| fviZI Ai“YvPj cÖ ‡`‡k eª þcy ‡Î Rjvavi wbg© vb Ki‡Z Pvq| G‡Z ¶wZMÖ ¯—n‡ev Avgiv
KviY evsjv‡`‡ki †gvU cvwb cÖ ev‡ni 49% Av‡m eª þcy Î †_‡K|
wUcvB gy L eu va fvi‡Zi Af¨š— ‡i Aew¯’ Z n‡jI Avš— Rv© wZK AvBb
Aby mv‡i †hme b`x GKvwaK †`‡ki ga¨ w`‡q cÖ evwnZ Zv‡`i cvwb DRv‡bi †`k GK Zidvfv‡e cÖ Z¨vnvi Ki‡Z cv‡ibv| wKš‘fviZxq miKvi GB eu va wbg© v‡bi c~ ‡e© evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii mv‡_ †Kvbiƒc
Av‡jvPbv ev †Kvb Z_¨ cÖ `vb K‡iwb, hv 1997 mv‡ji RvwZms‡Ni mvavib cwil‡` M„ wnZ cvwb Kb‡fbk‡bi ei‡Ljvc| cvwb Kb‡fbkb g‡Z, Ò ‡Kvb Awfbœb`xi Dci GKK †`k GKZidv Ggb †Kvb KvR Ò ‡Kvb Awfbœb`xi Dci GKK †`k GKZidv Ggb †Kvb KvR Ò ‡Kvb Awfbœb`xi Dci GKK †`k GKZidv Ggb †Kvb KvR
Ò ‡Kvb Awfbœb`xi Dci GKK †`k GKZidv Ggb †Kvb KvR Ki‡Z cvi‡ebv hv Aci † Ki‡Z cvi‡ebv hv Aci † Ki‡Z cvi‡ebv hv Aci † Ki‡Z cvi‡ebv hv Aci †`‡k H b`xi Dci we‡kl cÖ fve †dj‡e Ó| `‡k H b`xi Dci we‡kl cÖ fve †dj‡e Ó| `‡k H b`xi Dci we‡kl cÖ fve †dj‡e Ó|
`‡k H b`xi Dci we‡kl cÖ fve †dj‡e Ó|G Kb‡fbk‡bi Aby ‡”Q` 7(1) G ejv n‡q‡Q ÒcÖ wZwU ivóªAvš
ÒcÖ wZwU ivóªAvš ÒcÖ wZwU ivóªAvš
ÒcÖ wZwU ivóªAvš— —— —R© vwZK R© vwZK R© vwZK
R© vwZK Rj cÖ ev‡ni cvwb e¨envi Kievi mgq cvk¦ eZx© iv󪸇jvi hv‡Z †Kvb
Rj cÖ ev‡ni cvwb e¨envi Kievi mgq cvk¦ eZx© iv󪸇jvi hv‡Z †Kvb Rj cÖ ev‡ni cvwb e¨envi Kievi mgq cvk¦ eZx© iv󪸇jvi hv‡Z †Kvb
Rj cÖ ev‡ni cvwb e¨envi Kievi mgq cvk¦ eZx© iv󪸇jvi hv‡Z †Kvb
eo ai‡bi ¶wZ bv nq Gwel‡q cÖ ‡qvRbxq e¨e¯’ v MÖ nb Ki‡eÓ|
eo ai‡bi ¶wZ bv nq Gwel‡q cÖ ‡qvRbxq e¨e¯’ v MÖ nb Ki‡eÓ| eo ai‡bi ¶wZ bv nq Gwel‡q cÖ ‡qvRbxq e¨e¯’ v MÖ nb Ki‡eÓ|
eo ai‡bi ¶wZ bv nq Gwel‡q cÖ ‡qvRbxq e¨e¯’ v MÖ nb Ki‡eÓ|
GQvovI
World Commission of Dam (WCD)
(1994) Gi eu va welqK my cvwik n‡”Q:1.
†Kvb Rb‡Mvwôi Ômy ¯úó Aby ‡gv`bÕ (
Demonstrable acceptance
) Qvov †Kvb eu va wbg© vY Kiv hv‡e bv| we‡klZ Avw`evmx|2.
wbg© vY cÖ wqv n‡e me© vZ¥K I AskMÖ nY g~ jK|
3.
†Kvb bZz b cÖ Kí wbg© v‡bi c~ ‡e© Rj I kvwš— i Dbœ qb‡K
AMÖ vwaKvi w`‡Z n‡e| hviv ¶wZMÖ ¯—n‡e cwi‡ekmn Zv‡`i
cÖ ‡qvRbxq ¶wZ c~ iY w`‡Z n‡e|
Avš— R© vwZK b`xi cvwb e¨envi msvš—†njwmsK bxwZgvjvi 4 I 5
b¤^ i Aby ‡”Q‡` ejv n‡q‡Q ÒÒÒÒcÖ wZwU AeevwnKvfy ³ ivóªAwfbœb`x¸‡jv
cÖ wZwU AeevwnKvfy ³ ivóª Awfbœb`x¸‡jv cÖ wZwU AeevwnKvfy ³ ivóªAwfbœb`x¸‡jv
cÖ wZwU AeevwnKvfy ³ ivóª Awfbœb`x¸‡jv
e¨env‡ii †¶‡Î Aek¨B Ab¨ iv‡óª i A_© ‰bwZK I mvgvwRK cÖ ‡qvRb
e¨env‡ii †¶‡Î Aek¨B Ab¨ iv‡óª i A_© ‰bwZK I mvgvwRK cÖ ‡qvRb e¨env‡ii †¶‡Î Aek¨B Ab¨ iv‡óª i A_© ‰bwZK I mvgvwRK cÖ ‡qvRb
e¨env‡ii †¶‡Î Aek¨B Ab¨ iv‡óª i A_© ‰bwZK I mvgvwRK cÖ ‡qvRb
†K we‡ePbvq †b‡e| Z †K we‡ePbvq †b‡e| Z †K we‡ePbvq †b‡e| Z †K we‡ePbvq †b‡e| Zv Aek¨B Ab¨ iv‡óª i †Kvb ¶wZ bv K‡iB n‡Z v Aek¨B Ab¨ iv‡óª i †Kvb ¶wZ bv K‡iB n‡Z v Aek¨B Ab¨ iv‡óª i †Kvb ¶wZ bv K‡iB n‡Z
v Aek¨B Ab¨ iv‡óª i †Kvb ¶wZ bv K‡iB n‡Z n‡eÓ| n‡eÓ| n‡eÓ| n‡eÓ|1992 mv‡ji Wvewjb bxwZgvjvi 2 b¤^ i bxwZ‡Z ejv n‡q‡Q ÒÒÒÒcvwb cvwb cvwb cvwb Dbœ qb I e¨e¯’ vcbv Aek¨B mevi AskMÖ nbgy jK n‡Z n‡e Ó|
Dbœ qb I e¨e¯’ vcbv Aek¨B mevi AskMÖ nbgy jK n‡Z n‡e Ó| Dbœ qb I e¨e¯’ vcbv Aek¨B mevi AskMÖ nbgy jK n‡Z n‡e Ó|
Dbœ qb I e¨e¯’ vcbv Aek¨B mevi AskMÖ nbgy jK n‡Z n‡e Ó|
GQvovI GB evua wbg© v‡bi D‡`¨vM 1996 mv‡j fviZ-evsjv‡`k GB `y B ‡`‡ki ga¨Kvi mv¶wiZ M½v b`xi cvwb e›Ub Pz w³iI jsNb| GB Pz w³i 9 Aby ‡”Q` g‡Z Dfq †`k b¨vh¨Zv, b¨vqcivqbZv I †Kvb ¶wZ bv Kivi wfwˇZ †hŠ_ b`xi cvwb fvMvfvwM Ki‡e|
wUcvBgy L eu va †Lv` fvi‡Z †h me wec` †W‡K Avb‡e Zv n‡jv- gwbcy ‡ii cÖ vq 400 wKtwgt GjvKv RjgMœKi‡e| hvi g‡a¨ eo
ebvÂj I †jvKvjq i‡q‡Q| wekvj RjgMœ GjvKv †_‡K wbM© Z wg‡_b M¨vm (
CH
4
) IRb ¯— ‡i ‡bwZevPK cÖ fve †dj‡e| GB eu v‡ai we‡ivwaZv
Ki‡Q †Lv` fvi‡Zi gwbcy i iv‡R¨i RbMb| Zv‡`i mv‡_ fvi‡Zi miKviI K_v e‡jwb| A_© vr fviZ wbR †`‡kI Avš— R© vwZK AvBb
jsNb Ki‡Q| evsjv‡`‡k wUcvBgy L eu va-Gi †bwZevPK cÖ fvemg~ n:
1.
GB eu va my igv-Kz wkqviv-†gNbvi MwZaviv cwieZ© b Ki‡e|
ZvQvov G evua mgy `ªc„ ó n‡Z 7-8 dz U DPz |
2.
wUcvBgy L eu v‡ai d‡j my igv-Kz wkqviv-†gNbvi †mª vZaviv Ges b`x
ms‡hvM cÖ K‡íi d‡j eª þcy ‡Îi ‡mª vZaviv eÜ n‡j mvM‡ii
†jvbvcvwb †`‡ki ga¨vÂj ch© š—D‡V Avm‡Z cv‡i| G‡Z b`xi cvwbi ˆewkó¨ †hgb-my ‡cq cvwb bó Ki‡e| 3.
fy -Mf© ¯’ cvwbi ¯— i wb‡P bvg‡Z _vK‡e Ges Av‡m© wb‡Ki gvÎvI
evo‡e|4.
RjR cÖ vYxi †hgb-wewfbœcÖ RvwZi gvQ Avw¯— Z¡ûgwKi gy ‡L
co‡e|5.
b`x wfwËK RxweKv †hgb-K… wl KvR, gvQ aiv ¶wZMÖ ¯—n‡e|
6.
cvwbi cÖ evn wec`¾bK nv‡i Kg‡e| KviY wUcvBgyL eu va wbwg© Z
n‡e KwVb wkjvq| wbg© vY Kv‡jB wecy j cwigvb evwj my igv-
Ky wkqvivi ¯^ vfvweK cÖ evn‡K evavMÖ ¯—Ki‡e|
7.
Liv †gŠmy ‡g fviZ eu va AvUwK‡q cvwb mÂq Ki‡e| wKš‘e„ wó
†gŠmy ‡g eu va i¶vi Rb¨ d¬ vW †MBU Ly ‡j w`‡e d‡j wm‡j‡Ui
wbgœ vÂj c− vweZ n‡e|8.
†fŠMwjK Ae¯’ vbMZ w`K †_‡K wm‡jU GKwU f~ wgK¤ú cÖ eY
GjvKv| MZ 100 eQ‡i G A‡j 6 I 7 wiLUvi †¯‹‡ji K‡qKwU eo fy wgK¤ú n‡h‡Q| hvi g‡a¨ 1897 mv‡j msNwUZ †MÖ U Avmvg fy wgK¤ú Ab¨Zg| Gi d‡j wm‡j‡Ui fy -cÖ K… wZ †Z
e¨vcK cwieZ© b Av‡m| wUcvBgy L eu va GB AvksKv‡K Av‡iv eo
K‡i Zz j‡e| AvksKvi e¨vcvi n‡”Q wUcvBgy L evua †h RvqMvq
wbwg© Z n‡”Q GwU GKwU fy wgK¤ú cÖ eY GjvKv| GLv‡b my bvgxi
gZ R‡jv”Qvm m„ wó nIqvI Am¤¢ e bq| Zwj‡q †h‡Z cv‡i wm‡jU mn evsjv‡`‡ki c~ e© fv‡Mi wewfbœAÂj|
Add a Comment