An analytical introduction to DescriptiveGeometry
Adrian B. Biran,Technion – Faculty of Mechanical EngineeringRuben Lopez-Pulido,CEHINAV, Polytechnic University of Madrid, Model Basin,and Spanish Association of Naval ArchitectsAvraham BanaiTechnion – Faculty of MathematicsPrepared for Elsevier (Butterworth-Heinemann), Oxford, UKSamples - August 2005
Contents
Preface x1 Geometric constructions 1
1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.2 Drawing instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.3 A few geometric constructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.3.1 Drawing parallels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.3.2 Dividing a segment into two . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.3.3 Bisecting an angle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.3.4 Raising a perpendicular on a given segment . . . . . . 21.3.5 Drawing a triangle given its three sides . . . . . . . . . 21.4 The intersection of two lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.4.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.4.2 Examples from practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.4.3 Situations to avoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.5 Manual drawing and computer-aided drawing . . . . . . . . . 2i
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CONTENTS
1.6 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Notations 12 Introduction 3
2.1 How we see an object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.2 Central projection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.2.1 Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.2.2 Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.2.3 Vanishing points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172.2.4 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202.3 Parallel projection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232.3.1 Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232.3.2 A few properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242.3.3 The concept of scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252.4 Orthographic projection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272.4.1 Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272.4.2 The projection of a right angle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282.5 The two-sheet method of Monge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362.6 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392.7 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432.8 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
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An analytical introduction to Descriptive Geometry
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