Agathe Habyarimana, la veuve du Pr\u00e9sident assassin\u00e9, a d\u00e9pos\u00e9 une demande de droit d\u2019asile en France. Apr\u00e8s un premier refus, en 2004, celle-ci a \u00e9t\u00e9 examin\u00e9e en appel par la Commission de Recours des R\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, en 2007. Benjamin Sehene, l\u2019auteur duPi\u00e8ge

assist\u00e9 \u00e0 cette audience instructive. O\u00f9 l\u2019on voit que la justice fran- \u00e7aise n\u2019est jamais aussi perspicace vis-\u00e0-vis des g\u00e9nocidaires que lorsqu\u2019il s\u2019agit de leur refuser l\u2019asile...

Parm\ue001 l\ue000\ue003 b\ue001zarr\ue000r\ue001\ue000\ue003 d\ue000 la Fran\u00e7afr\ue001q\ue004\ue000, l\ue000 ca\ue003 d\ue000 l\u2019anc\ue001\ue000nn\ue000 pr\ue000m\ue001\u00e8r\ue000 dam\ue000 d\ue004 R\ue005anda, Agath\ue000 Habyar\ue001mana, \ue000\ue003t l\ue000 pl\ue004\ue003 \u00e9trang\ue000. R\ue000ch\ue000rch\u00e9\ue000 par la \ue002\ue004\ue003t\ue001c\ue000 \ue001nt\ue000rnat\ue001onal\ue000, Mm\ue000 Habyar\ue001mana cont\ue001n\ue004\ue000 \u00e0 v\ue001vr\ue000 \ue001mp\ue004n\u00e9m\ue000nt \ue000n Franc\ue000... \ue000t \ue003an\ue003 pap\ue001\ue000r\ue003 ! Alor\ue003 q\ue004\ue000 l\ue000\ue003 forc\ue000\ue003 d\ue000 l\u2019ordr\ue000 font la traq\ue004\ue000 \u00e0 d\ue000\ue003 d\ue001za\ue001n\ue000\ue003 d\ue000 cland\ue000\ue003t\ue001n\ue003 to\ue004\ue003 l\ue000\ue003 \ue002o\ue004r\ue003 \u00e0 trav\ue000r\ue003 l\ue000 pay\ue003, Mm\ue000 H., \ue000ll\ue000, v\ue001t tranq\ue004\ue001ll\ue000m\ue000nt dan\ue003 \ue003on pav\ue001llon dan\ue003 \ue004n\ue000 banl\ue001\ue000\ue004\ue000 co\ue003\ue003\ue004\ue000 d\ue000 la r\u00e9g\ue001on par\ue001\ue003\ue001\ue000nn\ue000.

L\ue000 9 avr\ue001l 1994, alor\ue003 q\ue004\ue000 d\u00e9b\ue004ta\ue001t a\ue004 R\ue005anda l\ue000 g\u00e9noc\ue001d\ue000 q\ue004\ue001 alla\ue001t t\ue004\ue000r, \ue003\ue000lon l\u2019On\ue004, q\ue004\ue000lq\ue004\ue000 800 000 T\ue004t\ue003\ue001 \ue000t H\ue004t\ue004 oppo\ue003ant\ue003 a\ue004 r\u00e9g\ue001m\ue000 Habyar\ue001mana, l\ue000\ue003 a\ue004tor\ue001t\u00e9\ue003 fran\u00e7a\ue001\ue003\ue000\ue003 \u00e9vac\ue004a\ue001\ue000nt v\ue000r\ue003 Par\ue001\ue003 Agath\ue000 Habyar\ue001mana, v\ue000\ue004v\ue000 d\ue004 pr\u00e9\ue003\ue001d\ue000nt t\ue004\u00e9 tro\ue001\ue003 \ue002o\ue004r\ue003 pl\ue004\ue003 t\u00f4t dan\ue003 \ue004n att\ue000ntat contr\ue000 \ue003on av\ue001on, a\ue004-d\ue000\ue003\ue003\ue004\ue003 d\ue000 l\u2019a\u00e9roport d\ue000 K\ue001gal\ue001. D\ue001x an\ue003 pl\ue004\ue003 tard, \ue000n \ue002\ue004\ue001ll\ue000t 2004, Agath\ue000 Habyar\ue001mana d\u00e9po\ue003a\ue001t \ue004n\ue000 d\ue000mand\ue000 d\u2019a\ue003\ue001l\ue000 a\ue004pr\u00e8\ue003 d\ue000 l\u2019Off\ue001c\ue000 fran\u00e7a\ue001\ue003 d\ue000 prot\ue000ct\ue001on d\ue000\ue003 r\u00e9f\ue004g\ue001\u00e9\ue003 \ue000t apatr\ue001d\ue000\ue003 (OFPRA), l\u2019orga- n\ue001\ue003m\ue000 p\ue004bl\ue001c charg\u00e9 d\ue000 tranch\ue000r \ue000n la mat\ue001\u00e8r\ue000.

L\ue000 25 \ue002anv\ue001\ue000r 2004, po\ue004r la pr\ue000m\ue001\u00e8r\ue000 fo\ue001\ue003, Agath\ue000 Habyar\ue001mana \ue003\u2019\ue000\ue003t pr\u00e9- \ue003\ue000nt\u00e9\ue000 d\ue000vant \ue004n\ue000 \ue002\ue004r\ue001d\ue001ct\ue001on fran\u00e7a\ue001\ue003\ue000. Non pa\ue003 po\ue004r \ue004n proc\u00e8\ue003 p\u00e9nal, ma\ue001\ue003 po\ue004r \ue000x\ue000rc\ue000r \ue004n r\ue000co\ue004r\ue003 contr\ue000 \ue004n\ue000 d\u00e9c\ue001\ue003\ue001on d\ue000 l\u2019OFPRA, q\ue004\ue001 \ue001n\ue003tr\ue004\ue001t l\ue000\ue003 d\ue000mand\ue000\ue003 d\u2019a\ue003\ue001l\ue000. C\ue000 \ue002o\ue004r l\u00e0, l\u2019off\ue001c\ue000 a \ue000n \ue000ff\ue000t off\ue001c\ue001\ue000ll\ue000m\ue000nt r\ue000\ue002\ue000t\u00e9 \ue003a d\ue000mand\ue000, \ue000xpl\ue001q\ue004ant q\ue004\u2019\ue000ll\ue000 n\ue000 po\ue004va\ue001t b\u00e9n\u00e9f\ue001c\ue001\ue000r d\u2019\ue004n \ue003tat\ue004t d\ue000 r\u00e9f\ue004g\ue001\u00e9\ue000

La Comm\ue001\ue003\ue003\ue001on d\ue000 R\ue000co\ue004r\ue003 d\ue000\ue003 R\u00e9f\ue004g\ue001\u00e9\ue003 (CRR) \ue000\ue003t \ue004n\ue000 \ue001n\ue003tanc\ue000 \ue002\ue004d\ue001- c\ue001a\ue001r\ue000, \ue001nd\u00e9p\ue000ndant\ue000, q\ue004\ue001 fonct\ue001onn\ue000 comm\ue000 to\ue004t\ue000\ue003 l\ue000\ue003 a\ue004tr\ue000\ue003 : a\ue004d\ue001\ue000nc\ue000\ue003 p\ue004bl\ue001q\ue004\ue000\ue003, format\ue001on d\ue000 \ue002\ue004g\ue000m\ue000nt d\ue001r\ue001g\u00e9\ue000 par \ue004n mag\ue001\ue003trat \ue000nto\ue004r\u00e9 d\ue000 d\ue000\ue004x a\ue003\ue003\ue000\ue003\ue003\ue000\ue004r\ue003 dont \ue004n r\ue000pr\u00e9\ue003\ue000ntant d\ue004 Ha\ue004t comm\ue001\ue003\ue003ar\ue001at d\ue000\ue003 Nat\ue001on\ue003 \ue004n\ue001\ue000\ue003 po\ue004r l\ue000\ue003 r\u00e9f\ue004g\ue001\u00e9\ue003 (HCR), d\u00e9bat contrad\ue001cto\ue001r\ue000 \ue000n pr\u00e9\ue003\ue000nc\ue000 d\ue004 r\ue000q\ue004\u00e9rant, d\u00e9c\ue001\ue003\ue001on mot\ue001v\u00e9\ue000 \ue000t r\ue000nd\ue004\ue000 a\ue004 t\ue000rm\ue000 d\u2019\ue004n d\u00e9l\ue001b\u00e9r\u00e9 d\ue000 tro\ue001\ue003 \ue003\ue000ma\ue001n\ue000\ue003 \ue000n g\u00e9n\u00e9ral.

C\ue000 25 \ue002anv\ue001\ue000r 2007, Madam\ue000 Habyar\ue001mana \ue003\u2019\ue000\ue003t donc pr\u00e9\ue003\ue000nt\u00e9\ue000 d\ue000vant la CRR. ell\ue000 \u00e9ta\ue001t \ue000nto\ue004r\u00e9\ue000 d\u2019\ue004n\ue000 fo\ue004l\ue000 d\u2019am\ue001\ue003, d\ue000 \ue003o\ue004t\ue001\ue000n\ue003 \ue000t d\ue000\ue003 m\ue000mbr\ue000\ue003 d\ue000 \ue003a fam\ue001ll\ue000. La \ue003all\ue000 d\u2019a\ue004d\ue001\ue000nc\ue000 n\u00b01 (la pl\ue004\ue003 grand\ue000) ava\ue001t \u00e9t\u00e9 cho\ue001\ue003\ue001\ue000.

ell\ue000 d\ue001\ue003po\ue003\ue000 d\u2019\ue004n\ue000 \ue003o\ue001xanta\ue001n\ue000 d\ue000 \ue003\ue001\u00e8g\ue000\ue003, to\ue004\ue003 occ\ue004p\u00e9\ue003. un\ue000 c\ue000nta\ue001n\ue000 d\ue000 p\ue000r\ue003onn\ue000\ue003 ont a\ue003\ue003\ue001\ue003t\u00e9 a\ue004x d\u00e9bat\ue003, d\ue000bo\ue004t, p\ue000ndant \ue003\ue001x h\ue000\ue004r\ue000\ue003. un \ue001mpor- tant d\ue001\ue003po\ue003\ue001t\ue001f pol\ue001c\ue001\ue000r ava\ue001t \u00e9t\u00e9 m\ue001\ue003 \ue000n plac\ue000, a\ue001n\ue003\ue001 q\ue004\u2019\ue004n\ue000 fo\ue004\ue001ll\ue000 \u00e0 l\u2019\ue000ntr\u00e9\ue000, c\ue000 q\ue004\ue001 n\u2019\ue000\ue003t pa\ue003 dan\ue003 l\ue000\ue003 hab\ue001t\ue004d\ue000\ue003 d\ue004 l\ue001\ue000\ue004.

\u2022 l\ue000 rapport\ue000\ue004r d\ue000 la CRR (q\ue004\ue001 \ue000\ue003t \ue001nd\u00e9p\ue000ndant) \ue000t la r\ue000pr\u00e9\ue003\ue000ntant\ue000 d\ue000 l\u2019OFPRA ont to\ue004\ue003 d\ue000\ue004x r\ue000command\u00e9 l\ue000 r\ue000\ue002\ue000t d\ue000 la d\ue000mand\ue000 d\u2019a\ue003\ue001l\ue000 \ue000t avanc\u00e9 d\ue000\ue003 arg\ue004m\ue000nt\ue003 dont on po\ue004rra\ue001t \ue003\u2019\u00e9tonn\ue000r q\ue004\u2019\ue001l\ue003 a\ue001\ue000nt \u00e9t\u00e9 t\ue000n\ue004\ue003 p\ue004bl\ue001q\ue004\ue000m\ue000nt, tant \ue001l d\u00e9tonn\ue000nt av\ue000c la \u201cl\ue001gn\ue000 off\ue001c\ue001\ue000ll\ue000\u201d adopt\u00e9\ue000 \ue000t con\ue003\ue000r- v\u00e9\ue000 \ue002\ue004\ue003q\ue004\ue000 l\u00e0 par la Franc\ue000 \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard d\ue004 R\ue005anda.

\u2022 l\ue000\ue003 \ue002\ue004g\ue000\ue003 ont man\ue001f\ue000\ue003t\u00e9 \ue004n\ue000 bonn\ue000 conna\ue001\ue003\ue003anc\ue000 d\ue004 do\ue003\ue003\ue001\ue000r h\ue001\ue003tor\ue001q\ue004\ue000 \ue000t pol\ue001t\ue001q\ue004\ue000, c\ue000 q\ue004\ue001 l\ue000\ue004r a p\ue000rm\ue001\ue003 d\u2019appr\u00e9c\ue001\ue000r \u00e0 l\ue000\ue004r \ue002\ue004\ue003t\ue000 val\ue000\ue004r l\ue000\ue003 propo\ue003 d\ue000 Madam\ue000 Habyar\ue001mana. \u00c0 la f\ue001n d\ue000 l\u2019\ue001nt\ue000rrogato\ue001r\ue000 d\ue000 la r\ue000q\ue004\u00e9rant\ue000, l\u2019\ue004n d\ue000\ue003 a\ue003\ue003\ue000\ue003\ue003\ue000\ue004r\ue003 a fa\ue001t part d\ue000 \ue003on \ue001mpr\ue000\ue003\ue003\ue001on :\u00ab D\u2019un c\u00f4t\u00e9, \ue003n n\ue003u\ue005 dr\ue000\ue005\ue005\ue000 d\ue000 v\ue003u\ue005

un\ue000 ima\ue001\ue000 \ue005ini\ue005tr\ue000 \ue000t d\ue000 l\u2019autr\ue000, v\ue003u\ue005 v\ue003u\ue005 \ue004r\u00e9\ue005\ue000nt\ue000z c\ue003mm\ue000 an\ue001\u00e9liqu\ue000. Mai\ue005 v\ue003u\ue005 \u00eat\ue000\ue005 tr\ue003\ue004 an\ue001\u00e9liqu\ue000 \ue004\ue003ur \u00eatr\ue000 cru\ue000. C\ue000 d\u00e9cala\ue001\ue000 m\ue000 \ue004l\ue003n\ue001\ue000 dan\ue005 l\u2019\ue000mbarra\ue005. V\ue003u\ue005 n\ue000 m\ue000 \ue004\ue000r\ue005uad\ue000z \ue004a\ue005 \ue000t j\u2019\ue000\ue005\ue005ai\ue000 d\ue000 m\ue000 fair\ue000 un\ue000 \ue003\ue004ini\ue003n \ue005ur c\ue000\ue005 t\u00e9m\ue003i\ue001na\ue001\ue000\ue005 qui v\ue003u\ue005 accabl\ue000nt. \u00bb

r\ue000mm\ue000nt \ue001n\ue003\ue001gn\ue001f\ue001ant po\ue004rra\ue001t v\ue000n\ue001r \u00e0 l\u2019app\ue004\ue001 d\u2019\ue004n\ue000 th\u00e8\ue003\ue000 q\ue004\ue000 n\u2019a pa\ue003 \ue000xplo- r\u00e9\ue000 l\ue000 \ue002\ue004g\ue000 Br\ue004g\ue004\ue001\u00e8r\ue000, \ue003\ue000lon laq\ue004\ue000ll\ue000 l\u2019att\ue000ntat d\ue004 6 avr\ue001l 1994 a p\ue004 \u00eatr\ue000 com- mand\ue001t\u00e9 par l\u2019Akaz\ue004, vo\ue001r\ue000 par Agath\ue000 H. \ue000ll\ue000-m\u00eam\ue000.

\u2022 l\ue000 TPiR a\ue004ra\ue001t \u00e9m\ue001\ue003 \ue004n mandat d\u2019arr\u00eat contr\ue000 Agath\ue000 Habyar\ue001mana, q\ue004\u2019\ue001l con\ue003\ue000rv\ue000 po\ue004r l\u2019\ue001n\ue003tant \ue003o\ue004\ue003 \ue003c\ue000ll\u00e9\ue003. C\ue000tt\ue000 \ue001nformat\ue001on a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\ue000nd\ue004\ue000 p\ue004bl\ue001q\ue004\ue000 po\ue004r la pr\ue000m\ue001\u00e8r\ue000 fo\ue001\ue003 lor\ue003 d\ue000 l\u2019a\ue004d\ue001\ue000nc\ue000, par l\ue000 rapport\ue000\ue004r d\ue000 la CRR. D\u2019apr\u00e8\ue003 \ue004n\ue000 \ue003o\ue004rc\ue000 \ue001nt\ue000rn\ue000 \u00e0 la CRR, \ue001l l\u2019a\ue004ra\ue001t obt\ue000n\ue004\ue000 \u201c\u00e0 t\ue001tr\ue000 off\ue001- c\ue001\ue000\ue004x\u201d. C\ue000tt\ue000 \ue001nformat\ue001on r\u00e9v\u00e8l\ue000 \ue001nd\ue001r\ue000ct\ue000m\ue000nt q\ue004\u2019\ue001l \ue000x\ue001\ue003t\ue000 \ue004n act\ue000 d\u2019acc\ue004- \ue003at\ue001on cach\u00e9 contr\ue000 Agath\ue000 Habyar\ue001mana, to\ue004t \ue003\ue001mpl\ue000m\ue000nt parc\ue000 q\ue004\ue000, \ue003an\ue003 act\ue000 d\u2019acc\ue004\ue003at\ue001on, pa\ue003 d\ue000 mandat d\u2019arr\u00eat !

Q\ue004ant a\ue004x \ue003\ue004\ue001t\ue000\ue003 d\ue000 c\ue000tt\ue000 a\ue004d\ue001\ue000nc\ue000, la d\u00e9c\ue001\ue003\ue001on d\ue000 la Comm\ue001\ue003\ue003\ue001on \ue003\ue000ra r\ue000nd\ue004\ue000 l\ue000 15 f\u00e9vr\ue001\ue000r. s\ue001 Agath\ue000 Habyar\ue001mana \ue000\ue003t d\u00e9bo\ue004t\u00e9\ue000 d\ue000 \ue003on r\ue000co\ue004r\ue003, \ue000ll\ue000 po\ue004rra \ue003a\ue001\ue003\ue001r l\ue000 Con\ue003\ue000\ue001l d\u2019\u00c9tat \ue000t \u00e9v\ue000nt\ue004\ue000ll\ue000m\ue000nt la Co\ue004r \ue000\ue004rop\u00e9\ue000nn\ue000 d\ue000\ue003 dro\ue001t\ue003 d\ue000 l\u2019homm\ue000. Ma\ue001\ue003 r\ue001\ue000n n\ue000 d\ue001t q\ue004\u2019\ue000ll\ue000 l\ue000 f\ue000ra. Ayant appr\ue001\ue003 lor\ue003 d\ue000 l\u2019a\ue004d\ue001\ue000nc\ue000 q\ue004\ue000 l\ue000 TPiR \ue000nv\ue001\ue003ag\ue000a\ue001t d\ue000\ue003 po\ue004r\ue003\ue004\ue001t\ue000\ue003 contr\ue000 \ue000ll\ue000, \ue000ll\ue000 po\ue004rra\ue001t \ue003ong\ue000r \u00e0 \ue003\ue000 m\ue000ttr\ue000 \u00e0 l\u2019abr\ue001.

L\u2019hypoth\u00e8\ue003\ue000 d\u2019\ue004n\ue000 d\ue000mand\ue000 d\u2019a\ue003\ue001l\ue000 a\ue004 Canada a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9voq\ue004\u00e9\ue000 \ue000n d\ue000hor\ue003 d\ue000 la CRR, ma\ue001\ue003 \ue000ll\ue000 n\ue000 d\ue000vra\ue001t pa\ue003 \ue003\ue000 concr\u00e9t\ue001\ue003\ue000r. Agath\ue000 Habyar\ue001mana n\ue000 p\ue000\ue004t \ue000\ue003p\u00e9r\ue000r tro\ue004v\ue000r \ue004n r\ue000f\ue004g\ue000 o\ue004tr\ue000-Atlant\ue001q\ue004\ue000 \ue000n ra\ue001\ue003on d\ue000\ue003 \ue003o\ue004p\u00e7on\ue003 q\ue004\ue001 p\u00e8\ue003\ue000nt \ue003\ue004r \ue000ll\ue000 a\ue004 TPiR. ell\ue000 d\ue000vra donc ch\ue000rch\ue000r \ue004n a\ue004tr\ue000 pay\ue003 d\u2019acc\ue004\ue000\ue001l, p\ue000\ue004t-\u00eatr\ue000 \ue000n Afr\ue001q\ue004\ue000. il n\u2019\ue000\ue003t pa\ue003 \ue000xcl\ue004 q\ue004\u2019\ue000ll\ue000 v\ue000\ue004\ue001ll\ue000 q\ue004\ue001tt\ue000r la Franc\ue000 a\ue003\ue003\ue000z rap\ue001d\ue000m\ue000nt. s\ue001 \ue000ll\ue000 l\ue000 fa\ue001\ue003a\ue001t, c\ue000 \ue003\ue000ra\ue001t cland\ue000\ue003t\ue001n\ue000m\ue000nt. L\ue000 r\u00e9c\u00e9p\ue001\ue003\ue003\u00e9 d\ue000 d\ue000mand\ue000 d\u2019a\ue003\ue001l\ue000 n\ue000 l\ue004\ue001 p\ue000rm\ue000t pa\ue003 d\ue000 q\ue004\ue001tt\ue000r l\ue000 pay\ue003, ma\ue001\ue003 \ue003\ue000\ue004l\ue000m\ue000nt d\u2019y \ue003\u00e9\ue002o\ue004rn\ue000r, l\ue000 t\ue000mp\ue003 q\ue004\ue000 \ue003a d\ue000mand\ue000 \ue003o\ue001t \ue001n\ue003tr\ue004\ue001t\ue000 \ue000t tranch\u00e9\ue000 d\u00e9f\ue001n\ue001t\ue001v\ue000m\ue000nt.

D\ue000mand\ue000 d\u2019a\ue003\ue001l\ue000 d\u00e9po\ue003\u00e9\ue000 l\ue000 8 \ue002\ue004\ue001ll\ue000t 2004, r\ue000\ue002\ue000t \ue001mpl\ue001c\ue001t\ue000 l\ue000 10 \ue003\ue000pt\ue000m- br\ue000 2004 (60 \ue002o\ue004r\ue003 apr\u00e8\ue003, d\u00e9la\ue001 l\u00e9gal), \ue000nr\ue000g\ue001\ue003tr\ue000m\ue000nt d\ue000 \ue003on r\ue000co\ue004r\ue003 d\ue000vant la CRR l\ue000 19 ma\ue001 2005, d\u00e9c\ue001\ue003\ue001on \ue000xpr\ue000\ue003\ue003\ue000 d\ue000 l\u2019OFPRA l\ue000 4 \ue002anv\ue001\ue000r 2007 \u00e0 la d\ue000mand\ue000 non mo\ue001n\ue003 \ue000xpr\ue000\ue003\ue003\ue000 d\ue000 la CRR.