2009 Pqsse-- 1

2009 Pqsse-- 2
 ]p-kv-X-I-w- B-dv- / e-°w- H-∂-v / 2009 Pqsse-- -/ 1430 d-P-_v-

]-cn-Wm-a-Øn-s‚- ]p-Xn-b- I-Æn

A-`ym-ktam- B-`m-k-tam?-
9
˛A-_q-lw-\- Im-c-Øq¿-

4 hm-b-\-°m-cp-sS- kw-hm-Zw- 34 _men-i-amb {]Xn-tcm-[-߃

6 Xn-cp-sam-gn- ˛A_vZp-d-lvam≥ tdm_¿´v

7 ]-{Xm-[-n-]¿-°v- ]-d-bm-\p-≈-Xv- 37 kzm-`m-hn-I-am-sbmcp -am‰w

˛ap_m-d°v Xncq¿°mSv
15 am\-hnI sFIyhpw GI-ssZhhnizm-khpw
˛Fw Fw AIv_¿ 40 C-kv-em-an-s‚- am\p-jn-Iap-Jw-
˛s{]m-^-.- ]n- A-–p-√-
26 Iq-Sn-°m-gv-N-
28 ssl-µ-h-X- C-kv-emw:- B-i-b- kwhmZw 46 amXm-]n-Xm-°tfm-Sp-≈- I-S-a-Iƒ-
˛s{]m^: tUm: ]qtØ-g-Øv cma-N-{µ≥-,- ˛iao¿ aZ-o\n
tKm]m-e≥Ip´n amÿ,- Fw.-Fw. AIv_¿- 50 hn-ip-≤- ]m-X-

Internet Edition: http://www.nicheoftruth.org/samvadam

Printed Published and owned by M.Mohammed Akbar. Printed at Screen Offset printers, Cochin-18. Published at Cochin-18.
Editor M.Mohammed Akbar, Niche of Truth, Kalabhavan Road, Cochin-18.

2009 Pqsse-- 3
 hm-b-\-°m-cp-sS-
"\{kmWn' {]tbmKw
DNnXw Xs∂
k°dnøbpsS "\_nbpsS \m´n¬'
F∂ bm{Xm-hn-h-cW {KŸsØ hna¿-
in®v, ico^v tateXn¬ FgpXnb teJ-
\Ønse Xes°´ns‚ HuNnXysØ
tNmZyw sNbvXv \mepho´n¬ A_vZp-
dlnam≥ FgpXnb IØmWv Cu Ipdn-
∏n\v t{]cIw.
aXXmcXay]T\Øn\v {]Ya]cn-K-
W\ \¬Ip∂ kvt\lkwhmZw amkn-
Ibn¬ hcp∂ teJ\Øn¬ "\{kmWn'
F∂v {]tbmKn®m¬ AXv {InkvXy≥
aX-hnizmknIfpsS hnImcßsf {hW-
s∏SpØpsa∂ Ipdn∏pImcs‚ Is≠-
ج- IrXyambn ]d™m¬ _meni-
amWv. teJI≥ kqNn∏n® t]mse tIc-
fØns‚ hyXykvX taJeIfn¬ hn-hn[
A¿YXeßfnemWv ta¬ hmNIw {]-
tbmKn°mdv. F∂m¬ AXn¬ HcnS-Øv
t]mepw CXv s\K‰ohv A¿YØn¬ D]-
tbmKn°p∂Xmbn {i≤bn¬ s]´n-´n√.
aXNn”߃ shfnhm°p∂ GXv
kw⁄Ifpw, \ne\n¬°p∂ kmlN-
cyßsf ASnÿm\am°nb√msX hn[n-
sbgpXm≥ ]mSn√. "\{kmWn,' "am∏nf'
"Im^n¿' XpSßnb ]Z߃ aebmf
kmlnXycN\Ifn¬ \ncmt£]w FSp-
Øp-≤cn®Xmbn ImWmw. CSt»cnbpsS
"Ckvemanse h∑e'bn¬ Im^nsd∂pw
am∏nfsb∂pw kulrZ kw`mjWØn-
se A`nkwt_m[\mhmIyambn Hcp]m-
SnSßfn¬ {]tbmKn®n´p≠v. hn.Sn `´Øn-
cn∏mSns‚ "A]v^s‚ aI≥' F∂ \mS-
IØn¬ \{kmWnsb∂v Cu {]Imc-Øn-
2009 Pqsse--
kw-hm-Zw-
¬ {]tbmKn®Xmbn ImWp∂p≠v. F¥n-
t\sd, ico^v tateXn¬ hna¿i\hnt[-
bam°nb k°dnøbpsS "\_nbpsS
\m´n¬' F∂ ]pkvXIØn¬ Xs∂ Hcp-
]mSv XhW "\{kmWn' F∂ ]Zw \√b-
¿-YØn¬ {]tbmKn®n´p-≠v. CXnse
"Ipg™ XpS°w' F∂ c≠mw A[ym-
b-Ønse Hcp D]-X-e-s°´v Xs∂ "\Pv-
dm-\n-semcp ap≥ \{kmWn' F∂m-Wv.
\{kmWn F∂ hm°v ISev IS-s∂-Øn-
b AXn-ib - a
- mWv ta¬X-es
- °-´n\v Iogn-
¬ At±lw FSp-sØ-gp-Xp-∂-Xv. A°m-
cyw ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ Cßns\ ImWmw.
""\Pvdm≥ F∂m¬ \{km-Wn-If - psS ÿ-
ew F∂¿Y-am-W-s{X. \{kmWn F∂m-
¬ \k-td-Øp-Im-c-\mb tbip-hns‚
t]cn-ep≈ aX-Øn¬ hniz-kn-°p-∂-h≥
AYhm {InkvXym\n F∂pw. Ign™
\q‰m≠p hsc- s b- ¶ nepw Ad- _ n- I ƒ
{InkvXym-\n-Isf \{km-Wn-sb-∂mWp
hnfn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. P∑w sIm≠v \{km-Wn-
bmb Rm≥ \Pvdm-\n¬ Aº-c∂ - p-\n-∂p.
Chn-sSbpw \{km-Wntbm! ]t£, kzm-
{ibtImtftPm d_¿tXm-´tam Ipcn-i-
Sntbm ImWp-∂n-√.'' (\-_n-bpsS \m´n¬,
t]Pv 17, k°dn-ø).
am{Xa√, "Hcp \{kmWn bphmhpw
Kufnimkv{Xhpw' F∂ t]cn¬ At±l-
Øn\v Hcp ]pkvXIw Xs∂bp≠vXm\pw.
F∂m¬ C°mcyßsfm∂pw ]cnK-
Wn°msX GtXm ap≥ A\p`hßfpsS
]›mØeØn¬ teJIcn¬ sX‰v
Is≠Øm≥ {ian°p∂ Ipdn∏pImcs‚
{iaw ]p\¿hnNn¥\Øn\v hnt[bam-
t°≠XmWv. AtXkabw kq£vaX
F∂ \ne°v At±lw \S-Ønb Blzm-
4
\Ønse kXyk‘X tNmZyw sNtø-
≠Xn√. k¿thm]cn C{X sNdnb cwK-
Øpt]mepw CXcaXÿcpsS hnImc-ß-
sf am\n°p∂ At±lØns‚ kq£va-
Xmt_m[w F¥psIm≠pw A`n\µ\m¿-
lw Xs∂.
˛ A-Pn- ]-ø-∂q¿-
ln]vt\m-´nkw
]p-Xn-b- ]-T-\-߃- ]p-d-Øp- h-cWw-
kvt\l-kw-hmZw amkn-I-bn¬ Ign-
™e°w {]kn-≤o-I-cn® l°ow Nm∏-
\-ßm-Sn-bpsS ln]vt\m-´n-ksØ Ipdn-®p-
≈ teJ\w hmbn-®p. sXm´m¬ s]m-
≈p∂ hnj-b-ßsf a\x]q¿∆w Ah-K-
Wn- ° p∂ ]Xn- h pssienbn¬ \n∂v
Ckvem-anIamkn-I-Iƒ amdn Nn¥n®p
XpS-ßn-b-Xn-ep≈ kt¥mjw BZyta
tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø-s´.
\n›-b-Zm¿Vyw, s]s´∂v {]Xn-I-cn-
°m-\p≈ Ign-hv, ss[cyw, D®m-c-W-ip-
≤n, kwkm-c-ssh-`hw F∂nhbp-s≠-
¶n¬ B¿°pw sNøm≥ km[n-°p∂
Hcp a\-xim-kv{X-im-J-bmWv ln]vt\m-´n-
k-sa-∂mWv AXns‚ {]tbm-‡m-°ƒ
AhImis∏-Sm-dv. F∂m¬ Ch-s°√mw
]pdsa AXo-{µo-b-i-‡n-I-fpsS AZr-iy-
k-lmbw IqSn ln]vt\m-´n-kØ - n¬ {]h-
¿Øn-°p∂p F∂ teJ-Is‚ A\p-`-h-
km£yw Cu cwK-Øp≈ ]pXn-sbmcp
Adn-hmbn amdn.
sshb-‡n-Im-\p-`h - ß
- ƒ°p≈ GI-
tZmjw(Kp-W-hpw) AXv a‰p≈hcpsS
hnizm-ksØ ]cn-jvI-cn-°m≥ am{Xw
sI¬]p-≈h - b
- √ F∂-Xm-Wv. IrXy-amb
{]am-Whpw hy‡-amb sXfn-hp-Ifpw
kzm\p-`-h-ßfpa√msX Hcm-fpsS hnizm-
ksØ ZrVo-Ic - n-°m≥ as‰m-∂n\pamhn-
√t√m! F¶n¬IqSn Ime-ßf - mbn a\- n-
¬ sIm≠p-\-S∂ Nne tNmZy-߃°p-
≈ DØcw {]kvXpX teJ-\-Øn¬ Iq-
Sn kzmb-Øa - m-°m≥ Ign-™p-sh-∂X - n\v
teJ-I-t\mSv IrX-⁄-X-b-dn-bn-°p-∂p.
"hm°v, kw`m-j-Ww, {ipXn, Xmfw,
{]I-S-\-ap-{Zm-hm-Iyw XpSßn hnIm-c-ß-
sf ]Sn-]-Sn-bmbn i_vZ-tLm-j-ß-fpsS
khn-ti-j-X-bn¬ Bh¿Ø-\-Xm-f-Øn-
eqsS t{]mPz-en-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ a\ v
\n›-e-am-bn, t_m[w \n¿ho-cy-ambn hy-
‡n, {]`m-hØns‚ Iogn¬hcp∂p. CXv
]c-tIm-Sn-bn-se-Øp-tºmƒ {`aw kwPm-
X-ambn hy‡n Xp≈n-Øp-Sß - p∂p' F∂
teJ- I s‚ Is≠- Ø - e n\v ae- b m- f - a -
Æn¬ \n∂p Xs∂ Hcp-]mSv DZm-l-c-ß-
ƒ \nc-Øm-≥ Ign-bpw. tIc-f-Ønse
ssl-µh - ¿°n-Sb - nse Nne tKm{X-ßf - n¬
I≠p-h-cp∂ k¿∏w Xp≈-se∂ Iem-
cq-]-Øn¬, ]p≈p-h-∑m¿ hoWbpw ]p-
≈p-h-°p-S-hp-ap-]-tbm-Kn®v Hcp {]tXyI
Xmf-Øn¬ ]mSp-tºmƒ kv{XoIƒ t_m-
[w \in®p hogp-∂Xv ImWm-dp-≠v. CtX-
t]mse HmW-°m-eØv hoSp-I-fn¬ \S-
∂n-cp∂ "Xpºn-Xp-≈¬' F∂v BNm-c-
\r-ØØ - n¬ ""F¥m Xpºn Xp≈m-tØ...''
F∂v Xmfm-fl-I-ambn ]mSp-tºm-gmWv
Xpºn Xp≈n-Øp-S-ßp-∂-Xv. t£{X-ß-
fnepw ]cn-k-c-ß-fnepw \S-∂p-h-cp∂ Xn-
øm´p t]mep≈ D’-hm-\p-jvTm-\ß - f - n¬
{ZpX-K-Xn-bn-ep≈ sN≠-bpsS Xmf-Øn-
¬ D∑-Ø-cm-hp∂ shfn-®-∏m-Sp-Isf Im-
Wm≥ Ign-bpw. hS-°≥ ae-_m-dnse
]mc--ºcy apkvenw Iem-cq-]a - mb Ip-Øvdm-
Øo-_nepw Z^v^ns‚bpw s_bvØn-
t‚bpw AI-º-Sn-bn¬ "PZ-_ns‚ lmen-
se'Øn ico- c sØ IpØn- a p- d n- s ∏- S p-
Øp∂ Znhy≥amsc I≠p-h-cp-∂p.
tIhew tKm{X-ß-fn-setbm kap-Zm-
b-ßf - n-setbm BNm-cm-\p-jvTm-\ß - f - n¬
HXpßn \n¬°p-∂n√ CXns‚ kzm[o\w.
adn-®v, Icn-kvam-‰nIv [ym\tI{µ-ßf - n-epw,
Unssh≥ kZ- p-I-fnepw {]mWn-Iv lo-
enw-Kv˛ Atcmam sXdm∏n t]mep-≈ {_o-
Ønw-Kv FIvk - s - s -kp-Ifnepw ZnIvdv l¬-
JmkZ- p-I-fn-ep-sa√mw CXn-s‚ ]tcm-
£kzm[o\w Is≠-Øm≥ Ignbpw.
{Kq∏v ln]vt\m-´n-k-Øns‚ km[y-X-
I-fp-]t- bm-Ks- ∏-SpØn \S-Øp∂ CØcw
X´n-∏p-Isf shfn-®Øv sIm≠p-h-cm-\m-
2009 Pqsse--
I- W w, Ckv e m- a nI]cn- t {]- j y- Ø n¬
\n∂p-sIm≠v \S-Ønb CXp-t]m-ep≈
]T-\-߃ e£y-an-tS-≠-Xv. F∂m¬
teJ-I≥ Aß-s\-sbmcp `mKw teJ-
\- Ø n¬ ]cm- a ¿in- ® - X mbn I≠n- √ .
A‘-hn-izm-k-߃°pw A\m-Nm-c-ß-
ƒ°pw hgn-a-cp-∂n-Sp∂ "imkv{X'-ßsf
AXns‚ ASn-ÿm\ t{kmX- n¬ sh®v
Xs∂ XI¿Øv If-bm≥ {]m]vX-amb
]T-\ß- fpw teJ-\ß - f
- p-amWv A`y-kvX-
hn-Zy¿ Gsd-bp≈ C°m-eØv ]pdØv
htc-≠-Xv. kvt\l-kw-hm-Z-Øn\v AXv
km[y-am-I-s´-sb∂v {]m¿Yn-°p-∂p.
˛ D-Ωp- j≥-l- Xp-h-°m-Sv-
kpc-øsb a-c-W-Øn-\p
ti-j-sa-¶n-epw- sh-dp-sX- hn-´p-Iq-sS?-
hn-iz-km-lnXy\`- n¬ \n∂v ]d-
∂ph∂v Ckvem-sa∂ XW¬a-c-in-J-c-
Øn¬ IqSp-sI-´nb kmln-Xy-Im-cn-bm-bn-
cp-∂p, CubnsS \sΩ hn´p ]ncn™ Ia-
e -kp-cø. Pohn-Xm-¥y-tØmfw hnSmsX
]n¥p-S¿∂n-cp∂ hnhm-Z-ß-fpsS sNdn-
sbmcp `mKw ac-W-ti-jhpw Ah-cpsS
ta¬ ]Xn®p \¬In tIc-f-k-aq-lw.
"Fs∂m® tI´pthm thdn-s´'∂ a´n-
¬ GXp hnj-b-Ønepw tIdn A`n-{]m-
bw ]d-bp∂ Ahn-hm-ln-X-\mb Hcp ae-
bmf s{]m^-kdpw At±-l-Øns‚ "hN-
\m-ar-X'-Øn\v `mjyw cNn® ]pWy-`qan
]{Xm-[n-]-cp-amWv ]pXnb hnhm-Z-Ønse
\mb-I-∑m¿. aXm-t«-jWØn\v tijw
acWw hsc Ckvem-an-Im-ib - ß- ƒ- Pohn-
X-Øn¬ ]pe¿Øm≥ \njvI¿j ImWn-
® kpc-øb - psS arX-tZlw Ah-cpsS Hky-
Ø- \ p- k - c n®v apkv e nwiv a im\Øn¬
kwkvI-cn-®Xv {Ko°v \mS-I-Ønse Zpc-
¥-]-cy-h-km-\w-t]mse k¶-S-I-c-amWv
F∂m- W n- h - c psS Is≠- Ø ¬. adn®v
sslµ-h-co-Xn-bn¬ Ah-cpsS Xd-hm´p-
ap‰Øv kwkvIc - n-°p-∂X- mbncp∂phs{X
HuNnXy]q¿W-amb kao-]-\w.
bYm¿Y-Øn¬ Pohn-®n-cp-∂-t∏m-sg-
∂ t]mse ac-Wm-\-¥-chpw aX-k-ln-
jvWp-X°pw ]c-kv]c_lp-am-\-Øn-\p-
ap≈ sXfn-hmbnamdp-Ib - m-bn-cp∂p Iae
kpc-ø. ac-Wm-k∂ka-bØv sNm√n-
tb¬]n® Hcp Dd-∏ns\ ad®v sh°msX
˛P-\-k-a-£-a-dn-bn-®v-˛-D-≠m-tb-°m-hp∂
hen-sbmcp h¿Kob tNcn-Xn-cn-hns\ \b-
]-c-ambn ]cn-l-cn® kpc-øm-]p-{X-\mWv
CXn¬ Gsd A`n-\-µ-\-a¿ln-°p-∂-Xv.
5
"AΩsb ]q¿Æ-ambpw "Ah¿°v'
hn´p-sIm-Sp-t°≠n hcp-tam-'sb∂ a°-
fpsS B[nsb Aÿm-\Ø - m°n icn-bm-
b Ckvem-anIcoXn-bn¬ J_-dS- °w km-
[y-am-°nb apkvenw kwL-S\m t\Xr-
Xz-Øns‚ {]h¿Ø-\hpw kt¥m-jØ - n-
\v hI \¬Ip-∂p.
AtXkabw Ie--° - s h- ≈ - Ø n¬
ao≥ ]nSn-°p∂ Xc-Øn¬, CØ-c-sam-c-
h-ÿsb t]mepw h¿Kob apX-se-Sp-∏n-
\p≈ D]-I-c-W-am°n am‰m≥ {ian®
tIc-f-Ønse Nne "kmwkvIm-cnI\mb-
I-∑m¿' ae-bmfn a\-km-£n-bpsS tImS-
Xn-bn¬ alm A]-cm[w sNbvXv in£
ImØp-\n¬°p-∂h - ¿ Xs∂-bmWv Xo-¿®.
˛_n\ojv IS-ta-cn
aX]camb kw⁄Ifpw
{InkvXym-\n-Ifpw
am¿- t °mkv kphn- t ijw 15/35¬
tbip ""Gtembv, Gtembv eam-k-_-
‡m\n'' F∂v \ne-hn-fn-®-Xmbn ]d-bp-
∂p. B ]Z-߃°v "Fs‚ ssZh-ta,
Fs‚ ssZhta Fs∂ ssIhn--´-sX¥v'
F∂¿Yhpw sImSp-Øn-cn-°p-∂p. Hmim-
\ ss__n-fn¬ \n∂mWv ta¬ D≤-c-
Wn. a‰p Nne ss__n-fp-I-fn¬ ""Ftem-
ln, Ftem-ln, eam k_-‡m\n''F∂m-
Wp-≈-Xv. aØm-bn-bpsS kphn--ti-j-Øn-
em-Is´ ""Gen Gen eam-k-_-‡m\n
F∂m-Wp-≈Xv'' D®m-cW - t- `-Zß
- ƒ F¥v
Xs∂-bm-bmepw "F¬' "G¬' "A√'
F∂n-ß-s\-bmWv ssZhsØ tbip-hn-
s‚ ka-Im-eo-\¿ Ah-cpsS kz¥w `mj-
bn¬ hnfn-®n-cp-∂Xv F∂-Xn\v Cu hmIy-
߃ kqN\ \¬Ip-∂p-≠v. shfn-]mSv
]pkvXIw ]sØm-ºXmw A[ym-b-Øn-
¬ kz¿K-Ønse ZqX-∑m¿ ssZhsØ
kvXpXn-°p-∂Xv ""At√ epb'' F∂msW-
∂v hy‡-am-°n-bn-´p-≠v. ""At∏mƒ knw-
lm-k\ - Ø- n¬ \n∂pw sNdn-sbm-cp kzcw
tI´p. ssZh-`-b-ap≈ sNdn-b-hcpw hen-
-b-h-cp-amb Zmk-∑msc ssZhsØ kvXp-
Xn-®m-epw''(shfn-]mSv 19/6) ssZ-h-sØ
"A√' F∂ ]Zw sIm≠v hnfn®m-Wn-hn-
sS kvXpXn-°p-∂X - v; kvXpXn-°m≥ Bh-
iy--s∏-´n-´p-≈-Xpw.
D¬]Øn 35/8¬ "G¬ t_tY¬'
F∂ F{_mb ]Zw ImWmw. Cu ]Z-
Øn\v Hmim\ ss__n-fn¬ t_tY-
ense ssZhw F∂m-W¿Ysa∂v ASn-°p-
(ti-jw- t]-Pv- 39 ¬- )-
 Xn-cp-sam-gn- [rXnImWn°pI;
C_v\p-sslZ¿ k¬I¿Ω߃°mbn...

B⁄m]n®p: ""hcm\ncn°p∂ Ggp Imcy߃°p apºmbn \n߃ k¬I¿-

""dkq¬
Ωßfn¬ PmKcqIcmhpI. hnkvarXnbneIs∏Sp∂ Zmcn{Ztam A[¿-ΩØnte°p \bn-
°p∂ kºtØm B]ØnemgvØp∂ tcmKtam ]n®pwt]bpw ]dbp∂ hm¿[Iytam
BIkvanIacWtam hcm\ncn°p∂Xn¬ sh®v G‰hpw {Iqc\mb Z÷mtem Ibvt]-dn-
bXpw A{]Xntcm[hpamb A¥yZn\tam A√m-Ø h√Xpw \n߃°v {]Xo£n®n-cn-
°m\pt≠m?'' (Xn¿anZn)

]pXnsbmcp Imcyw XpSßm≥ G‰hpw
\√ ZnhktaXmWv? kwibsam∂pan√;
C∂pXs∂. \mtf°v \o´nsh® GsXm-
cp Imcyhpw AekX ]nSns]´v as‰mch-
kcØnte°v am‰nsh°m\mWv km[yX
IqSpX¬. \msf \msf \osf \osf... F-
s∂mcp sNm√v `mjbn¬ IS∂ph∂Xv
Cusbmcp hkvXpX ap∂n¬ sh®mWv.
"k¬I¿Ωßfn¬ ap≥IS°m≥ {ian°-
W'sa∂mWv hnip≤Jp¿B\ns‚ B-
lzm\w. k¬I¿ΩamsW∂pd∏p≈ G-
sXmcpImcyhpw s]s´∂v sNbvXpXo¿-
°m-\m-bn-cp∂p {]hm-N-Is‚ I¬]-\.
dkq¬  {]Jym]n®p.
""\n߃ k¬I¿Ω߃sIm≠v ap-
t∂dpI. Ccpƒap‰nb cm{Xnsbt∏mse
^nXv\Iƒ D≠mbnsIm≠ncn°pw. {]`m-
XØnse kXyhnizmkn {]tZmjØn¬
kXy\ntj[nbpw {]tZmjØnse kXy-
hnizmkn {]`mXØn¬ kXy\ntj[n-bpw
BbnØocp∂p. Xs‚ Zo≥ sFlnIt\-
´ßƒ°v th≠n hn¬°p∂XpsIm≠m-
WXv.'' (apkvenw)
a\p-jy-a-\ v ]nim-Nns‚ ]Wn-im-e-
bm-Wv. am‰n-sh® \√ Imcy-߃ ka¿Y-
ambn C√m-sX-bm-°m≥ ]nim-Nn\v {]bm-
k-sam-∂p-an-√. \n›nX ka-b-Øn-\p-≈n-
¬ sNbvXp Xo¿Øm¬ aXn-sb∂ Bfl-
k-am-[m-\-Øn¬ \n∂v XpSßn Fß-s\-
sb-¶nepw sNbvXp-Xo¿Øp In´n-bm¬
aXn-sb∂p Nn¥n-°p∂ Xc-Øn¬ Ah-
km\ \nan-j-tØmfw AXns\ sshIn-
∏n-°p∂p, Ahs‚ X{¥-߃. Ah-km-\w
2009 Pqsse--
H∂pw sNbvXp Xo¿°msX˛-sNbvX-Xv
Xs∂ ]q¿Æ-am-°m-sX-˛-{]-h¿Øn-bn¬
\n∂v hnc- a n- ° p∂ Ah- ÿ - b n- t e°v
Imcy- ß sf sIms≠- Ø n- ° p- I bpw
sNøp-∂p. t\cwsX‰nb Bcm-[\ - m-I¿Ω-
ß-fpw Zm\[¿Ωßfps-a-√mw HSphn-¬
CØ-c-Øn-em-Wv ]cn-W-an-°m-dv.
Zm\[¿Ω߃ Xmakn∏n®v Ahkm-
\w acW°nS°tbmfw \o´nsh°p∂-
Xns\ Ipdn®v {]hmNI≥ ap∂dnbn∏v
\¬Ip∂p≠v. Hcn°¬ Hcmƒ \_n
bpsS ASpØv h∂v tNmZn®p: ""{]hmN-
Isc! IqSpX¬ {]Xn^eap≈ [¿Ωw
G-XmWv? \o kmºØnIm`nhr≤n Imw-
£n°pIbpw Zmcn{Zyw `bs∏SpIbpw
sNøp∂ ep_v[\pw BtcmKyhm\pam-
bncns° sNøp∂ Zm\amWv''F∂m-bn-
cp∂p \_n bpsS adp-]-Sn.
]mc{XnIhnPbw Dd∏p\¬Inb [¿-
ΩkacØn¬ ]s¶Sp°m\p≈ {]hmN-
I∑mcpsS XnSp°w, {]hmNIs‚ Cu
A[ym]\w AtXb¿YØn¬ Ah¿
s\©nte‰nbncp∂p F∂Xns‚ DØa
sXfnhmWv, DlvZv bp≤thfbn¬ {]hm-
NIs‚ hmƒ kzoIcn°m≥ A_pZpPm-
\bpw ssJ_¿ bp≤mcw`Øn¬ [zP-
hmlI\mhm≥ Da¿ hpsa√mw a¬k-
cn®Xv C°mcWw sIm≠mWv.
DlvZv bp≤thfbn¬ Xs∂ \S∂
as‰mcp kw`hw t\m°pI: DlvZv Zn\-
Øn¬ Hcmƒ \_n tbmSv tNmZn®p:
""Cu bp≤Øn¬ sIm√s∏´m¬ Rm≥
FhnsSbmbncn°pw? ""kz¿KØn¬''
6
Xncpta\n adp]Sn \¬In. X¬kabw
At±lw Iønep≠mbncp∂ Imc° h-
ens®dn™p bp≤w sNbvXv c‡-km-
£nbmbn. (_pJmcn, apkvenw)
]camh[n k¬I¿Ω߃ sNbvXv
F{Xbpw s]s´∂v \mYs‚ Xncpk∂n-
[nbnseØWsa∂ ASßmØ A`nhm-
RvNbpsS DZmlcWßfmWv \mw apI-
fn¬ I≠Xv. AtXkabw AIrXyambn
]cnWan°m≥ km[yXbp≈ cwKØp-
\n-∂v amdn \n¬°m\pw CtX ipjvIm-
¥n ssIs°m≈Wsa∂v Xs∂bmWv
Ckvemans‚ A[ym]\w. {]hmNI≥
C°mcyw Atßb‰w {i≤n®ncp∂p F-
∂Xn\v At±lØns‚ PohnXw Xs∂
km£nbmWv.
DJv_Øp_v\p lmcnkv]d-bp∂p:
aZo\bn¬ \_n bpsS ]n∂n¬ Rm≥
Ak¿ \akvIcn®p. kemw ho´nbt∏m-
ƒ AhnSp∂v thKw Fgpt∂‰v P\ßsf
Ih®psh®psIm≠v GtXm `mcybpsS
apdnbnte°p t]mbn. Xncpta\nbpsS
Cu [rXnbn¬ P\߃ Aºc∂p. Xma-
kwhn\m \_n  {]Xy£s∏´p. Xs‚
_≤∏mSn¬ P\߃ AXv`pXs∏´n´p-
s≠∂p a\ nem°nbn´v ]d™p:
""Fs‚ ]°ep≠mbncp∂ X¶w F\n-
t°m¿Ωh∂p. A√mlphns‚ kvacW-
bn¬ \n∂Xv Fs∂ XS s∏SpØpsa-
∂v Hm¿Øp AXv hoXn®p sImSp°m≥
Rm\nt∏mƒ B⁄m]n°pIbmbncp-
∂p.'' (_pJmcn)
]-{Xm-[n-]¿-°v- ]-d-bm-\p-≈-Xv-

i{Xphpw an{Xhpw

apl-ΩZv \_n \bn® BZysØ bp≤w˛_Zv¿˛AXp-≠m-bXv A_q-kp^vbm≥

s‚ I®-h-S- kwLsØ XS-bm-\p≈ {iaw...
apkvenwIƒ DlvZn¬ ]cm-P-b-s∏-´p; Jmen-Zp_v\p heo-Zn s‚ X{¥-ß-fmWv Dlv-
Zn¬ apkvenwI-f-psS ]cm-P-b-Øns‚ Imc-W-am-bn-Øo¿∂-Xv...
{]hm-N-Is‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn-ep≈ DwdkwLw a°-bn-te°v {]th-in-°-cp-sX∂
Jpssd-in-I-fpsS Bhiyw AwKo-I-cn∏n°p-hm≥ Ah-cpsS a[y-ÿ-\mbn lpssZ-_n-
b-bn-te°v h∂ D¿∆-Øp_v\p akv-DuZv ...
apkvenwI-fpsS i{Xp-°-fmbn bp≤w \bn-®-h-sc-°p-dn®pw a‰pw ]cm-a¿in-°sh
Ahsc an°-h-cp-sSbpw t]cn\v tijw "dZn-b-√mlp A≥lp' F∂v ]d-™-t∏mƒ
Hcmƒ tNmZn®p: ""F¥mWv Cu ]d-™-Xn\v A¿Yw?''
""At±-l-Øn¬ A√mlp kw{]o-X-\m-bn-cn-°p-∂p-sh-∂v..''
""apkvenwI-fpsS i{Xp-]-£Øv \ne-sIm≠v bp≤w sNbvX-h-cn¬ A√mlp {]o--Xn-
s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p-sht∂m...?''
""AsX...- A-h¿ Ckvemans‚ i{Xp-°-fm-bn-cp∂p; Ckveman-Im-Z¿isØ XI¿°p-
hm\pw apkvenwIsf \in-∏n-°p-hm\pw ]cn-{i-an-®h-cm-bn-cp-∂p. Xe-ap-d-I-fmbn ssIam-
dn-°n-´nb hnizm-km-Nm-cß
- f - mWv kXy-sa∂pw AXv XI¿°m≥h∂ `n∂n-∏p-Im-c\mWv
apl-ΩZv \_n sb∂pw Icp-Xn-b-XpsIm≠mWv Ah¿ Ckvemans‚ i{Xp-°-fm-b-Xv.
{]kv-XpX i{Xp-X-bpsS Atß-b‰w hsc t]mIm≥ Ah¿ k∂-≤-cm-bn. apkvenwIsf
]oUn-∏n®p; ]em-b-\-Øn\v \n¿_‘n-°p∂ Xc-Øn¬ {]bm-k-s∏-SpØn; apkvenwIfp-
ambn bp≤w sNbvXp. F∂n´pw A√mlp Ah¿°p apºn¬ am¿KZ¿i-\Ø - ns‚ hmXn¬
AS®p If-™n-√.''

2009 Pqsse-- 7
 tKm{Xm-[n-]X - y-Øns‚ Al-¶m-chpw kaq-lØ - nse ÿm\-am-\ß - fpw a‰pw kXyw
ImWp-∂-Xn¬ \n∂v Ahsc XS™p \n¿Øn. F∂m¬ ]n¬°m-eØv Ckvemans‚
kXyX Ah¿°v t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Ibpw kXyw kzoI-cn-°p-hm≥ Ah¿ k∂-≤-cm-hp-
Ibpw sNbvXp. AtXmsS i{XpX shSn™v kXy-a-X-Øns‚ {]Nm-c-I-cmbnØo¿∂p,
Ah¿. {]hm-N-Is‚ i{Xp-°-fm-bn-cp∂ Ah¿ At±-l-Øns‚ kJm-°fpw injy-am-
∑m-cp-am-bn-Øo¿∂p. apl-ΩZv \_n bpsS ImeØv Ckvemw hniz-kn-®-h-cmWv {]hm-
N-Ik - J- m-°ƒ-˛k
- l- m-_n-am¿-˛F
- ∂- d - n-bs- ∏-Sp-∂X - v. klm-_n-am-cpsS t]cn-t\m-sSm-∏a
- mWv
"dZn-b-√mlp A≥lp' F∂v ]d-bp-∂Xv.''
""At∏mƒ apkvenwIƒ°v i{Xp-°-fn-√-sb-∂mtWm Xm¶ƒ ]d-bp-∂Xv?''
""A√! apkvenwIƒ°v i{Xp-°f - p-≠v; k¿th-iz-c\mb Xºp-cm-t\mSv i{XpX {]Jym-
]n-®h - ¿ apkvenwI-fpsS i{Xp-°f - m-Wv. BZ¿i-{]-t_m-[\ - Ø
- n\v XS w \n¬°p-Ibpw
kXy-a-X-a-\p-k-cn®v Pohn-°p-hm≥ A\p-h-Zn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-h¿ {kjvSm-
hn-t\mSv i{XpX {]Jym-]n®hcm-Wv. Ah¿ Xß-fpsS \ne-]m-Sp-I-fn¬ \n∂v amdm-Øn-
S-tØmfw apkvenwI-fp-sSbpw i{Xp-°-fm-bn-cn-°pw; \ne-]m-Sp-I-fn¬ \n∂v amdp-Ibpw
{]h¿Ø-\-߃ \∂m-°n-Øo¿°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-tXmsS Cu i{XpX Ah-km-\n-°p-
Ibpw sNøpw. apkvenwI-fpsS i{XpX hy‡n-I-tfm-S√; {]XypX \ne-]m-Sp-I-tfm-SmWv
F∂¿Yw.''
""apkvenwIƒ°v ÿncw i{Xp-°-fn-s√-∂mtWm?''
""A√. apkvenwIƒ°v Hcp ÿncw i{Xp-hp-≠v. k¿th-iz-cs‚ I¬]-\sb [n°m-
c-tØmsS Ah-a-Xn-°p-Ibpw Ah-s\ sh√p-hn-fn®v a\p-jysc ]ng-∏n-°p-hm≥ ]cn-{i-
an-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°pIbpw sNøp∂ sNIp-Øm-t\m-SmWv apkvenwI-fpsS BXy-¥nI i{Xp-
X. Ah-t\m-S-√msX a‰m--tcmSpw apkvenwIƒI°v ÿncw i{Xp-X-bn-√. ss]im-NnI
{]tem-`-\-߃°v hiw-h-Z-cmbn Xn∑-Iƒ sNøp-∂-hsc Ahs‚ {ZwjvS-ß-fn¬ \n∂v
c£-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm-\mWv apkvenwI-ƒ ]cn-{i-an-°p-∂-Xv. Xn∑ sNøp-∂-h-tcmSv i{Xp-X-
b-√, kl-Xm-]hpw Ahsc c£-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm-\p≈ D¬°-S-amb A`n--hm-©-bp-amWv
apkvenwIƒ°p≈Xv. Xn∑-I-fn¬ G‰hpw Kpcp-X-c-amWv krjvSn-]q-P. {kjvSm-hmb
Xºp-cms‚ A\p-{K-l-߃ A\p-`-hn-°p-Ibpw Ah≥ G‰hpw shdp-°p∂ krjvSn-
]q-P-bnte¿s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-∂Xv alm-]m-]-am-Wv. s]mdp-°-s∏-SmØ ]m]w. a\p-
jy-sc-s°m≠v Cu Xn∑ sNøn∏n®v A√m-lp-hns‚ A\p-{K-lß - f- psS `h-\a- mb kz¿K-
Øn¬ \n∂v Ahsc AI-‰p-Ibpw ssZhn-ItIm]-Øn\v ]m{X-am°n \nXy-\-c-I-Øn\v
Ah-Im-in-I-fm-°n-Øo¿°pIbpw sNøpI-sb∂ ZpjvS-X-bmWv ]nimNv {]h¿Øn-®p-
sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. ]c-am-h[n t]sc \c-I-Øn-se-Øn-°p-I-sb-∂-XmWv ]nim-Nns‚
{]Jym-]nXe£yw. a\p-jysc Xs‚ i{Xp-°f - mbn {]Jym-]n-®h- \
- m-Wh - ≥. AXp-sIm≠v
Xs∂ a\pjykaq-lsØ c£-bn-te°v \bn-°p-hm≥ {ian-°p-∂h¿ ]nim-Nns\ shdp-
°p∂p; i]n-°p-∂p.''
""apkvenwIƒs°-Xnsc ]S-\b - n-°p-Ibpw Ahsc D≥aq-e\w sNøm≥ {i-an-°p-Ibpw
sN-øp-∂-h-tcm-Sp-sam∂pw i{Xp-X-bn-s√-∂mtWm?''
""Ah-tcm-Sp≈ i{XpX Ah-cpsS \ne-]m-Sns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-ep-≈-Xm-Wv; h¿Ko-
btam hn`m-Ko-btam A√. Ckveman-s\bpw apkvenwI-sfbpw \in-∏n-°p-hm≥ {ian-
°p-∂-h¿ A√m-lp-hns‚ i{Xp-°-fm-Wv. Ah-tcmSv ssZh-Zm-k-∑m¿°p≈ i{XpX
{]kvXpX \ne-]m-Sns‚ am{Xw ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-ep-≈-Xm-Wv. Ah¿ {]kvXpX \ne-]mSv
am‰-W-sa-∂mWv apkvenwIƒ B{K-ln-°p-∂-Xv. Aßs\ amdn-bm¬ Ah-tcmSp≈
i{XpX Ah-km-\n-°p-sa∂ hkvXp-Xb - mWv {]hm-NI - \pw apkvenwIƒ°p-sa-Xnsc bp≤w
sNbvX-h-sc-t∏mepw BZ-cn-°p-Ibpw Ah¿°mbn {]m¿Yn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ apkvenw
kz`m-h-Øn¬ \n∂v hy‡-am-hp-∂-Xv. ]m]-ß-fm¬ PohnXw apgp-h≥ IdpØp t]mb-
hcm-sW-¶n¬ t]mepw ]›mØ-]n-®m¬ A√mlp s]mdp-Øp-sIm-Sp-°p-sa-∂m-Wt√m
Jp¿-B≥ ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. ""]dbpI: kz¥w BXvam°tfmSv AXn{Iaw {]h¿Øn®v
t]mb Fs‚ Zmk≥amtc, A√mlphns‚ ImcpWysØ∏‰n \n߃ \ncmis∏ScpXv.
Xo¿®bmbpw A√mlp ]m]ßsf√mw s]mdp°p∂XmWv. Xo¿®bmbpw Ah≥
Xs∂bmIp∂p Gsd s]mdp°p∂h\pw IcpWm\n[nbpw'' (36:53)

2009 Pqsse-- 8
]-cn-Wm-a-Øn-s‚- ]p-Xn-b- I-Æn
A-`ym-ktam- B-`m-k-tam?-

A-_q-lw-\- Im-c-Øq¿- ■-

Imf s]‰p-sh∂v tI´m¬ "Ib-dn-sß-Sp°q' F∂ _p≤n-

iq-\yX imkv{X-Im-c-∑m¿°v tN¿∂-X√ F∂p kΩ-Xn-°m-
Ø-h¿ hnc-fa- m-Wv. ]s£, ssZh-\n-tj-[sØ Xmtem-en°p-
∂n-SØv {`m¥-amb aT-b-Øcw ImWn-°p-∂-Xn¬ imkv{X-
Im-c-∑m¿ ap∂n´p \n¬°p-∂p-sh-∂Xv IuXp-I-Icw Xs∂.
imkv{X-t_m-[tam kmaq-lnI {]Xn-_-≤-Xtbm [m¿anI
t_m[tam sXm´pXo≠mØ ]I¿s∏-gp-Øp-Im-cpsS A‘-
amb Ipg-eq-Øp-Iƒ ]I¿Øm≥ Xg-°hpw ]g-°hpw
{]Nmc-hp-ap≈ {]kn-≤o-I-c-W-߃ Xøm-dm-hp-tºmƒ {]Xn-
IcWw A\n-hm-cy-am-hp-I-bmWv.
2009 Pqsse-- 9
 imkv{Xw Ft∏mgpw hkvXp-X-Isf
Xa-kvI-cn-°mØ H∂m-sW∂ s]mXp-
[mc-Wsb XInSw adn-°p∂ ImgvN-bm-
Wv ]cn-Wm-a-hmZsa∂ tIhe hmZ-K-Xn-
bp-ambn _‘-s∏´ \njv]£ ]T-\-ß-
ƒ apt∂m´p sh°p-∂-Xv. 150 h¿j߃-
°v apºv Nmƒkv Um¿hn≥ F∂ a\p-
jy\v D≠mb Nne Im¬]\nI Nn¥-I-
ƒ°v imkv{X-]-cn-thjw \¬Im-\p≈
Xzc Hcp]s£ B¿°pw a\- n-em°mw.
F∂m¬ AXn-\mbn If-hp-Ifpw imkv-
{Xob h©-\-Ifpw Xeapd-I-fmbn XpS-
cp-∂Xv F¥n-s\∂v ]cn-tim-[n-®m¬
shfn--s∏-Sp-∂Xv ssZh-\n-tj[w am{X-
amWv.
]cn- W m- a - h m- Z - Ø n\v sXfn- h p- I ƒ
tXSnb taJ-e-Iƒ:
1. {`qW-imkv{Xw. (embryology)
2. Ah-b-h-km-Zriyw(homology)
3. e p ] v X m - h - b - h - ß ƒ ( vestigial
organs)
4. t^mkn-ep-Iƒ
5. D¬]-cn-h¿Ø\w(mutation) F∂n-
h-bpw B[p- \ n- I - a mbn P\n- ‰ n- I v k pw
tamfn-°p-em-¿ _tbm-f-Pn-bp-amWv. kXy-
k-‘-ambn ]cn-tim-[n-®m¬ Cu taJ-
eI-sfm∂pw Xs∂ imkv{Xo-b-ambn
hnizm-k-tbm-Ky-amb sXfn-hp-I-sfm∂pw
\¬Inbn-´ns√∂p ImWmw. ]cn-Wm-a-hm-
ZsØ ka¿Yn-°m≥ Cu taJ-e-I-fn-
se√mw Xs∂ Ht´sd h©-\m-fl-I-amb
\S- ] - S n- I ƒ D≠m- b n- ´ p- a p≠v . 1874¬
GWÃv ssl°¬ Ir{Xna-ambn hc-®p-
≠m-°nb hnhn[ \s´-√p≈ Pohn-If - psS
{`qW-ß-fpsS kZr-iyX ImWn-°p∂
Nn{Xw B[p-\nIimkv{X-Øns‚ k÷o-
2009 Pqsse--
I- c - W - ß - f p- ] - t bm- K n®p sIm≠p≈
bYm¿Y Nn{X-߃°p-t]mepw XI¿°m-
≥ t¢in-t°-≠p-amdv Gh-cnepw kzm[o-
\w sNepØnsb∂Xv kXy-am-Wv. tUm.
ssa°nƒ dn®m¿Uvk¨ 1977 ¬ hnhn[
\s´-√p≈ Pohn-I-fpsS {`qW-h-f¿®m
L´-߃ B[p-\nI kwhn-[m-\-߃
D]-tbm-Kn-®p-sIm≠v Ah-Xc - n-∏n-°p-Ib- p-
≠m-bn. Cu bYm¿Y Nn{X-߃ Pohn-I-
fpsS imkv{Xob \maw t]mepw \¬-
ImsX ssl°¬ Nn{Xo-Ic - n-®X - n¬ \n∂v
Xptemw hyXy-kvX-am-sW∂v ImWmw.
(Nn{Xw ImWpI)
]cn-Wm-a-hmZ kw_-‘n-bmbn G‰-
hpw imkv{Xo-b-amb coXn-bn¬ \njv]-
£ a\-ÿn-Xn-tbmsS \S∂ ]co-£Ww
tUm. Kmhn≥ Un. _odnt‚-XmWv. Ah-
b-h-߃ hf¿∂p hcp∂ coXnbpw Ah-
bpsS D¬`-h-tI-{µ-ß-fpw F√mw IrXy-
ambn ]T-\-hn-t[-b-am-°n-s°m-≠m-bn-
cp∂p- tUm. Kmhn≥ Un. _o¿ Xs‚ Kth-
jWw \S-Øn-b-Xv. {]kvXpX ]T-\sØ
Xnc- k v I - c n- ° m≥ B[p- \ nI ]cnWm-
ahmZ imkv{X-Im-c∑ - m-cn¬ {]K¬`-\mb
tUm. sU‚-\p-t]mepw C\nbpw Ign-™n-
´n-√. D]-e-_v[-amb F√m sXfn-hp-I-tf-
bpw A]-{K-Yn-®p-sIm≠v hninjym tUm.
Kmhn≥ Un. _odns‚ ]T-\-ßsf ASn-
ÿm-\-am°n tUm. sU‚≥ ]cn-Wma-
hmZw: {]Xn-k‘ - n-bn-eI-s∏´ kn≤m-¥w.
(Evolution: A Theory in Crisis) F∂
]pkvXIw Fgp-Xp-I-bp-≠m-bn.
hnhn[ \s´-√p≈ Pohn-If - psS {`qW-
Øns‚ {]mY-anIhf¿®m L´-߃ ]T-
\-hn-t[-b-am-°n-s°m≠v At±lw Fgp-
Xn-bXv Cu hnj-b-Ønse Hcp D]-kw-
10
lm- c - a m- I p- s a- ∂ - X n- \ m¬ Ipdn- ° s´:
""...Cu {]mY-anI {`qW-Øn¬ (Gastrula)
N¿ahpw \mUn-hy-h-ÿbpw DS-se-Sp-
°p∂ FIvt‰mtUw; t]in-Ifpw Aÿn-
Ifpw DS-se-Sp-°p∂ aotkmtUw; A∂-
Ip-ey-bpsS Bh-cWw AXp-t]mse Ic-
fpw IqSmsX ]m≥{In-bmkpw DS-se-Sp-°p-
∂ Ft‚mtUw F∂o aq∂v ASn-ÿm\
{]`htImi-]m-fn-IfmWp≈-Xv. F√m
\s´-√p≈ Pohn-h¿K-ß-fnepw Kmk-{Sp-
ebpw Kmkv{Sp-te-j\pw A\p-cq-]a - m-sW-
∂-Xn¬ B¿°pw kwi-b-an-√. F¶nepw
{Kmkv{Spe cq]o-Ir-X-am-Ip∂ coXnbpw
hninjym ASn-ÿm\ {]`htIm-i-]m-fn-
Iƒ D≠m-hp∂ ªmÃp-e-bnse tImi-
ß-fpsS ÿm\w, Kmkv{Sp-ebmbn amdp-
tºm-gp≈ Ah-bpsS kw{I-aW coXn-
Iƒ F∂n-hb - n-se√mw hnhn[ \s´-√p≈
Pohn h¿K-ßf - n¬ {]I-Sa - mb hyXymkw
Zriy-amWv. hnhn[ sh¿´n-t{_‰v ¢mkp-
I-fnse {`qW-hf - ¿®-bpsS {]mcw-`L - ´- ß- -
fn¬ t]mepw henb hyXymk-ap-≠v.
AXn-\m¬ ]q¿W-h-f¿®-sb-Ønb \s´-
√p≈ Pohn-I-fpsS Ah-b-h-ß-fnepw
LS-\-bn-ep-sa√mw ImWp∂ kmZriyw
]cn-K-Wn-°p-tºmƒ Xs∂ Ah cq]-sa-
Sp-ØXv Htc tImi-ßf - n¬ \nt∂m taJ-
e-I-fn¬ \nt∂m BsW∂v ]d-bp-hm-
t\m Aßs\ ]n¥p-S¿∂p Is≠-Øp-
hmt\m km[y-a√ F∂-Xn¬ kwi-b-ta-
Xp-an-√. as‰mcp hn[-Øn¬ ]d-™m¬
kmZriyw ]pe¿Øp∂ LS-\-Iƒ cq]-
sa-Sp-ØXv hyXy-kvX - ß - fmb hgn-If - n-eq-
sS-bmWv'' (Evolution: A Theory in Crisis,
Michael Denton, 1985, p 145-6)

ap-I-f-n¬- ssl-°-en-s‚- Ir-{Xn-a- Nn-{Xo-I-c-W-w- Xm-sg- b-Ym¿-Y- Nn-{X-߃-
\s´-√p≈ Pohn-I-fpsS Ah-b-h-ß-
fn¬ ImWp∂ kmZriyw Ah XΩn-ep-
≈ ]mc-ºcy _‘sØ ImWn-°p-∂-p-
sh∂ Hcp Nn¥-bn¬ \n∂p-amWv kXy-
Øn¬ ]cn-Wm-a-hm-Zhpw AXns\ sXfn-
bn-°m≥ ]cnWma-K-Xnsb ImWn-°p∂
hnhn[ Nn{Xo-I-c-W-ßfpw D≠mbXv.
F∂m¬ tUm. Kmhn≥ Un. _o¿ kZr-
iym-h-b-h-ß-fpsS cq]-h¬°-cWcoXn-
Iƒ ]T-\h - n-t[-ba- m°n Fgp-Xnb {KŸw
Homology: An unsolved problem Cu
hmZ-KX - nsb A∏msS XI¿sØ-dn-bp-∂p.
Xs‚ ]T-\Ø - n\v kw£n]vXw At±lw
C{]-Imcw \¬Ip-I-bp-≠m-bn. ""Afi-
Øns‚ Htc `mK-Øp-\nt∂m {`qW-Øn-
se tImi-ß-fpsS Htc ÿm\Øv \n-
t∂m A√(Pohn-I-fpsS) kZr-iy-X-bm¿-
∂ Ah-b-h-߃ DS-se-Sp-°p-∂Xv F¶n-
¬ Ah kam-\-Po-\p-I-fpsS \nb-{¥-W-
Øn-e√ D≈-Xv. AXp-sIm≠v Xs∂
Ahbv°v P\n-XI - a- m-bn bmsXmcp _‘-
hp-an-√. P\n-XI _‘-an-√mØh Htc
]q¿h-]n-Xm-a-l-\n¬ \n∂v cq]m-¥-c-ß-
fn-eqsS Xe-ap-d-I-fmbn ]cn-W-an-®-h-bp-
a-√'' ( Gavin de Beer, Homology: An un-
solved problem, London, Oxford univer-
sity Press)
""P\nXI tImUpIfneqsS Po\pIƒ
PohnIfpsS icocm-hbhßfpsS km[m-
cW LS\Isfbpw sshhn[yßsfbpw
cq]oIcn°m≥ th≠ t{]m´o\pIsf
DXv]mZn∏n°p∂ cmkm·nIsf (En-
zymes) tImUv sNøp∂p F∂Xv kXy-
amsW-¶n¬, Htc Po\pIfm¬ \nb{¥n-
2009 Pqsse--
Un. _odns‚ ]T-\-Øn-eqsS P\n-X-Ihpw {`qW-im-kv{X-
]-c-hp-ambn Ir{XnamSn-Ø-d-bp-≈Xpw Dulm-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn-ep-
ap-≈-Xp-amb sXfn-hp-Iƒ AkvX-an-®p-sh-¶nepw apØ»n
hmcn-I-I-fnse ]g-¶-Y-Iƒ°nS-bn¬ _p≤n-Pohn Na-bm≥
BwK-teb hmcn-I-Isf IY-b-dn-bmsX X¿Pa sNøp∂
hnZzm-∑m¿°v Ah-sb√mw Ct∏mgpw B\-°mcyw Xs∂.
Ipgn-bm-\-∏p-d-Øn-cp∂ Xg-ºns‚ IY ]t£ Cu ssk_¿
bpK-Øn¬ \gvkdn ¢mkn¬ t]mepw sNe-hm-Ip-I-bn-√.
°s∏SmXncp∂n´pw kam\XIfpw LS-
\mkZriyhpap≈ Ahbh߃ DSse-
Sp°s∏Sp∂Xv GXv sa°\nkØneqsS-
bmWv?. Rm≥ 1938 apX¬ tNmZn®ph-
cp∂ Cu tNmZyØn\nt∂mfw DØcw
e`n®n´n√.'' (de Beer, Gavin (1971). Ho-
mology: An Unsolved Problem. London:
Oxford University Press. )
XnI®pw imkv{Xo-b-ambn Un _o¿
\S-Ønb Kth-jW - sØ \ncm-Ic - n-°m≥
imkv{X-tem-I-Øn\v Ign-™n-´n-√. ]-
t£, ]mT-]p-kvX-I-ß-fntem ]cn-Wma-
hmZ N¿®-I-fntem Cu ]T-\-߃ {]Xy-
£-s∏-Sm-dn√ F∂Xv kuI-cy-]q¿hamb
Hcp Xa-kvI-cWw am{X-am-Wv. ]cn-Wm-a-
hmZ Ncn-{X-Ønse ]e NXn--I-fnse hnf-
°-s∏-SmØ kXy-Øns‚ Hcp IÆn-bm-
bn tUm. Un _odns‚ ]T-\-߃ \ne-
\n¬°p-∂p. Un. _odns‚ ]T-\Ø - n-eqsS
P\n-X-Ihpw {`qW-im-kv{X-]-c-hp-ambn
Ir{XnamSn-Ø-d-bp-≈Xpw Dulm-Sn-ÿm-
\- Ø n- e p- a p- ≈ - X p- a mb sXfn- h p- I ƒ
11
AkvX-an-®p-sh-¶nepw apØ»n hmcn-I-I-
fnse ]g-¶-Y-Iƒ°nS-bn¬ _p≤n-Pohn
Na-bm≥ BwK-teb hmcn-I-Isf IY-b-
dn-bmsX X¿Pa sNøp∂ hnZzm-∑m¿°v
Ah-sb√mw Ct∏mgpw B\-°mcyw X-
s∂. Ipgn-bm-\-∏p-d-Øn-cp∂ Xg-ºns‚
IY ]t£ Cu ssk_¿ bpK-Øn¬
\gv-kdn ¢mkn¬ t]mepw sNe-hm-Ip-I-
bn-√.
\ymbo-I-cn-°m-\m-ImØ kZr-iy-߃
Hcp s]mXp-]n-Xm-a-ls‚ kam-\-X-
Iƒ hni-Zo-I-cn-°-s∏-S-Ws-- a-¶n¬ hnh-c-
ßfpsS CS-hn-SmØ XpS¿® sXfn-bn-°-
s∏-tS-≠-Xp-≠v. AØ-c-sam∂v C\nbpw
\ne-hn-en--√m-Ø-Xn-\m¬ tlma-tem-Kn°v
H´pw {]k-‡n-bn-√msX t]mIp-∂p. am{X-
a-√, Is≠-Ønb At\Iw sXfn-hp-Iƒ
X∑m{Xm Xe-Øn¬ t]mepw {]Xy-£-
amb tlma-tem-Kn°v FXn-cm-sW∂v
ImWmw.
""sskt¢m- k v - t ‰- m - a p- I - f n¬ \n∂v
a’yw, a’y-Øn¬ \n∂v D`b-Po-hn-Iƒ,
D`- b - P o- h n- I - f n¬ \n∂pw Dc- K - ß ƒ,
DcKßfn¬ \n∂pw kkvX-\n-Iƒ F∂
]c-ºc - m-KX ]cn-Wm-ah - mZ irwJ-eb - psS
Imcy-Øn¬ X∑m{Xm Xe-Øn¬ \ma-am-
{X-amb sXfn-hp-t]m-ep-an-√.'' (Evolution:
A Theory in Crisis: Michael Denton)
""Ahn-iz-k-\o-bamwhn[w a\p-jy\v
emw{_n-I-tfmSv Ah°v a’y-ß-tfm-S-p-
≈-Xn-t\-°mƒ ASp-∏-ap≠v.''(AtX -]p-
kvXIw)
""a’y-Øn¬ \n∂pw D`-b-Po-hn-I-fn-
te°pw Ah-bn¬ \n∂v Dc-K-ß-fn-te-
°pw Dc-K-ß-fn¬ \n∂v kkvX-\n-I-fn-
te-°pap≈ ]cn-Wm-a-hmZ]c-amb cq]m-
¥-c-W-Øns‚ Hcp em©\ t]mepw
X∑m{Xm XeØn¬ C√''(AtX ]pkv-

P¿-a-\n-bn¬- \n-∂p-w- I-s≠-Sp-Ø- sF-U-bp-sS- t^m-kn¬-
Afi-Øns‚ Htc `mK-Øp-\nt∂m {`qW-Øn-se
tImi-ß-fpsS Htc ÿm\Øv \n-t∂m A√ (Pohn-I-fpsS)
kZr-iy-X-bm¿-∂ Ah-b-h-߃ DS-se-Sp-°p-∂Xv F¶n-¬ Ah
kam-\-Po-\p-I-fpsS \nb-{¥-W-Øn-e√ D≈-Xv. AXp-sIm≠v
Xs∂ Ahbv°v P\n-X-I-am-bn bmsXmcp _‘-hp-an-√.
P\n-XI _‘-an-√mØh Htc ]q¿h-]n-Xm-a-l-\n¬ \n∂v
cq]m-¥-c-ß-fn-eqsS Xe-ap-d-I-fmbn ]cn-W-an-®-h-bp-a-√
XIw)
""Pohn-I-fpsS F√m ¢mkp-Ifpw H‰-
s∏- ´ Xpw AZzn- X o- b - h p- a m- W v . ''(AtX
]pkvXIw)
""a\p-jy-c-‡-Øn\v \ndw sImSp-°p-
∂ lntam-t•m-_n≥ Nne ]b-dp-h¿K
kky-ßf - psS thcp-If - n¬ ImWp∂ dq´v
s\mUn-bq-fp-I-fnepw {ItÃ-jy-I-fnepw
Um]v\n-bI - f- nepw ImWmw. Bb-Xn-\m¬
Cu Pohn-I-sf√mw Xs∂ a\p-jy-tcmSv
ASp-Ø_ - ‘w ]pe¿Øp-∂h - b
- mtWm?''-
XpSßn tUmIvS¿ B¿.-F¬. sshtkm-
ßv Xs‚ {KŸ-amb "Zn {Intb-j≥ Ch-
eyq-j≥ tIm¨-t{Sm-thgvkn'- F∂ ]pkv-
X-I-Øn¬ At\Iw tNmZy-ß-fp-∂-bn-
°p-∂p-≠v. ]cn-Wm-ah - m-Zn-Iƒ°v C\nbpw
adp-]Sn Is≠-Øm-\m-hmØ tNmZy-ß-
fm-W-h.
]mT`m-K-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw N¿®-I-fn¬
\n∂pw ]cn- W mahm- Z - k w- _ - ‘ n- b mb
bYm¿Y-]-T-\-߃ B hmZsØ XI¿-
°p-∂X - m-bX - n-\m¬ am‰n \n¿Ø-s∏-Sp-∂p-
2009 Pqsse--
sh-¶nepw Cu hnh-c- km-t¶-XnI temI-
Øv AXn-\nbpw hne-t∏m-hn√ Fs∂¶n-
epw Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ Cu imkv{X˛km-ln-
Xy-˛]-cn-j-(Øp)Iƒ°v Igns™¶n¬!!
t^mkn-ep-Iƒ IY ]d-bp-∂p...
]cn- W m- a - h mZw F∂p tI´m¬
GsXmcp hnZym¿Yn°pw Hm¿°m-\p-≈Xv
ssl°-ens‚ {`qW-ß-fpsS Nn{Xhpw
]ns∂ B¿°ntbm]vSdn-Ivkns‚ cq]-hp-
am-Wv. Bb-Xp-sIm≠v Xs∂ 1987 ¬
P¿a-\n-bn¬ \n∂v In´nb Hcp Ipc-ßns‚
AkvXn]©-csØ(Ida)2009 ¬ BtLm-
j-am°n am‰n-bXv Hcp a\x-im-kv{X-]-c-
amb kao-]\ - a
- √
- msX as‰m-∂p-am-bn-cp-∂n-
√. B¿°ntbm]vSdn-Ivkns\ DcK-Øn-
\pw ]£n-°p-an-S-bnse IÆn-bm°n hnf-
°n-t®¿Ø imkv{X-tem-IsØ t\m°n
]£-]m-Xn-I-f-√mØ ]cn-Wm-a-hm-Zn-Iƒ
]d™p:
1. Alan Feduccia : ""]menbt¥mfPn-
ÃpIƒ B¿°ntbm]v‰dnIvkns\ Xqh-
ep≈, `qanbpambn tN¿∂v Ignbp∂ Hcp
12
"ssU\tkm-dm°n am‰m\p≈ {iaw \S-
Øp∂p≠v. F∂m¬ AXv Aßs\-b√.
AsXmcp ]£nbmWv, tNt°dp∂ ]-
£n. Hcp "]mentbm P¬]\-ßfpw' AXv
am‰m≥ t]mIp∂n√.'' (as quoted in
Morell, 1993, 259:764).
2. Colin Patterson: ""B¿°ntbm]v‰dn-
Ivkv bmYm¿∞yt_m[an√Ø Nn¥I-
fpsS Hcp D]IcWambn amdn. B¿°n-
tbm]v‰dnIkv F√m ]£nIfpsSbpw
]q¿∆nI\mtWm? Hcp]t£ Bbncn-
°mw, A√msXbpancn°mw: Cu tNmZy-
Øn\v DØcw \¬Im≥ Hcp \ne°pw
km[ya√. H∂v as‰m∂n¬ \n∂v F{]-
ImcamWv cq]wsIm≠sX∂pw Hmtcm
L´ßfpw {]IrXn \n¿≤mcWØn\v
F¥psIm≠v A\pKpWamIWsa∂-
Xn\p≈ ImcW߃ Is≠Øm\pw
IYIƒ sa\bpI Ffp∏amWv. IrXy-
amb ]cntim[\°v hnt[bam°m≥
IgnbmØXpsIm≠p Xs∂ AØcw
IYIƒ imkv{XØns‚ `mKhpa√.'' (as
quoted in Sunderland, 1988, p. 102).
B¿°ntbm]vSdn-Ivkns‚ Xqh¬
B¿°n- t bm- ] v S - d nIv k v am{X- a √;
AXn-s‚ Xqh¬ t]mepw imkv{X-h-©-
\-bpsS _m°n ]{X-am-sW∂v temIw
a\- n-em°n.
e≠≥ kvs]knsas‚ XqhepIfp-
sS `mKØns‚bpw XqhepIfn√mØ
as‰mcp `mKØns‚bpw X-ray resonance
spectrograph ImWn°p∂Xv XqhepI-
ƒ ]Xn™ncp∂ ASbmfßfp≈nS-
sØ ]Zm¿Yhpw t^mkn¬ …m_ns‚
a‰p `mKßfpw XΩn¬ {]ISamb hy-
Xymkap≈Xmbn´mWv. Cu `mKsØ
]Zm¿∞Øns‚ cmkkz`mhhpw hyXy-
kvXambncp∂p. AXmbXv Izmdnbnse
{Inì kz`mhap≈ ]mdbn¬ \n∂pw
Cu `mKsØ ]Zm¿Yw {Inì kz`m-h-
an√mØXmbn´mWv ImWs∏´Xv. (Wick-
ramansinghe and Hoyle, 1986).
D-c-K-߃-°p- ap-ºv- ]-d-h-Iƒ-!-
]cn-Wm-ah - m-ZsØ am{X-a√; AXns\
ÿm]n-°m≥ sI´n-bp-≠m-°nb IÆn-
Ifpw imJ-Ifpw {Ia-ßfpw Nn{Xo-I-c-
W--ßfpw Ime-K-W\bpw F√mw XI¿-
°p∂ H∂m-bn-cp∂p Lubbock se Texas
Teck University se i¶¿ Nm‰¿Pn-bp-
sSbpw kl-{]-h¿Ø-I-cp-sSbpw Is≠-
ج. sSIvkm-knse t]mÃv F∂ ÿ-

Im-\-U-bn¬- \n-∂p-w- I-s≠-Sp-Ø- Xn-‡m-en-Iv- t^m-kn¬-
e-Øn-\-SpØp\n∂pw Is≠-SpØ Im°-
tbmfw hep-∏-ap≈ c≠v ]£n-I-fpsS
t^mkn-ep-Iƒ°v ]cn-Wm-a-hm-Zn-I-fpsS
Xs∂ A`n-{]m-bØ - n¬ Ime-\n¿W-co-Xn-
Iƒ {]Imcw GXm≠v 225 aney≥ h¿jw
]g-°-ap-≠v. AXm-bXv B¿°ntbmsSdn-
]vkn-s\-°mƒ 75 aney≥ h¿jw apºp
Xs∂ ]£n-Iƒ \ne-\n-∂n-cp-∂p-sh-∂¿-
Yw. Cu t^mkn- e p- I ƒ°v t{]mt´m
Bhnkv sSIvk≥knkv F∂v \ma-I-c-
Ww sNø-s∏-´p. Cu t^mkn-ep-Iƒ ]cn-
Wm-a-hm-Zn-I-fpsS Poh-imkv{X Ime-K-
W\∏´nI Xs∂ XInSw adn-®p. Nm‰¿Pn-
s°-Xnsc Ghcpw hna¿i-\-ß-fp-ambn
FØn-sb-¶nepw B t^mkn-ep-I-fpsS
LS-\I - ƒ XnI®pw ]£n-If - p-tSXv Xs∂
F∂v ka¿Yn-°m≥ At±-l-Øn\v Ign-
™p. t{]mt´m Bhnkns‚ Xe-tbm-´n-
bn-se 23 e£-W-ßfpw ap≥ssI-Ifpw
Npa-ep-Ifpw CSp-s∏-√p-If
- pw F√mw ASn-
ÿm-\-]-c-ambn ]£n-I-fp-tSXv Xs∂
F∂- t ±lw ka¿Yn- ° p- I - b p- ≠ m- b n.
t^mkn-ep-Isf F∂pw henb hm¿Ø-
bm°n am‰m-dp≈ ]cn-Wm-a-hm-Zn-Iƒ
t{]mt´m Bhn-kns\ IÆ-S®p hn´p.
F∂m¬ Ah¿ Xs∂ Im\- U - b n¬
\n∂pw {XntIm-Wm-Ir-Xn-bn-ep≈ a’y-
Øn-t‚-sX∂v tXm∂n∏n-°p∂ Xebpw
2009 Pqsse--
DS-ens‚ \m-en-sem-cp-`m-Khpw Dƒs∏-Sp∂
Hcp A]q¿W- t ^m- k n¬ In´n- b Xv
h¿Wm-`a - mbn BtLm-jn-°p-Ib - p-≠m-bn.
Xn‡m-enIv (Tiktaalic roseae) F∂v t]cn-
´ Cu t^mkn¬ krjvSn-hm-Zn-Iƒ°p≈
Xncn-®Sn F∂ io¿j-I-tØmsS {]N-cn-
∏n-°m≥ XpS-ßn. Cßv sIm®p tIc-f-
Øn¬ AtX-°p-dns®gp-Xn-bXv Hcp-]-
t£ B t^mkn¬ t\cn¬ I≠v ]T-\-
hn-t[-b-am-°n-b-h-sc-t∏mepw sR´n∏n-
°p∂ I¬]-\-tbm-sSbmWv:
""Ipd®p\mfp-Iƒ°v apºv Hcp kw-
Lw Kth-j-I¿ Im\UbpS hS°p `mK-
Øp≈ B¿´n°v {]tZ-isØ F√nkvan-
sS-I-vk-m-kn¬- \n-∂p-w- I-s≠-Sp-Ø- D-c-K-
߃-°p-ap-ºp-≈- Protoavis texensis
]-£n-bp-sS- t^m-kn¬-
13
b¿ Zzo]n¬ \n∂v \me-Sn-tbmfw \ofw
hcp∂ Hcp t^mkn¬ Is≠-Øn. a’y-
Øns‚bpw \mep-Im-ep-I-fn¬ \S-°p∂
Pohn-bp-sSbpw CS-bnse Hcp IÆn-bm-
bn-cp∂p AXv. Pe-Øn¬ \n∂v Ic-bn-
te°v Ib-dp-am-bn-cp∂ B NXp-jv]mZn
400 Zi-e£w h¿jw apºmWv `qan-bn¬
ImW-s∏-´n-cp-∂Xv. Xn‡m-en°v F∂
B a’ysØ-t∏m-ep≈ ]q¿hn-I-cn¬
\n∂mWv D`-b-Po-hn-Ifpw Dc-Kßfpw
Znt\m-k-dp-Ifpw ]d-h-Ifpw a\p-jy-\p-
ƒs∏-Sp∂ kkvX-\n-Ifpw ]cn-W-an-®-Xv.
sNInf, sNXp-º¬, Dd-∏p≈ Nnd-Ip-Iƒ
F∂nh IqSmsX izmk-tIm-ihpw Ab-
hp≈ IgpØpw \√ Dd-∏p≈ AkvXn-
Iq-Shpw Xn‡m-en-°n-\p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.
BZy-Ime Ic-Po-hn-I-fpsS khn-ti-j-X-
I- f m- W n- h . IqSp- X ¬ ka- b hpw Pe-
Øn¬ Xs∂-bm-bn-cn-°Ww Ah Ign-
™n-cp-∂-Xv. \ΩpsS ssI-Im-ep-I-fnse
AkvXn-I-fnse LS-\bpw Xn‡m-en-°n-
s‚Xpw XΩn¬ kam-\-X-I-tf-sd-bp-≠v.
Poh-im-kv{X-]-c-amb ]cn-Wm-a-Øns‚
G‰hpw hen-b sXfnhp IqSn-bm-Wn-Xv.''
(amXr-`qan Bgv®-∏-Xn∏v Pq¨ 7˛13 t]Pv
44).
F∂m¬ \yqtbm¿°v ssSw- k p- w
\mj-W¬ Pntbm{K-^n°v \yqkpw ]d-
™Xv ""CXv Hcp-]-t£ \jvS-amb Hcp
IÆn-bmImw''- F∂p-am-{X-amWv. Xn‡m-
en-°ns‚ Nnd-Ip-Iƒ°v BIvkn-b¬
kv I en- ‰ ¬ knkv ‰ hpambn _‘n- ∏ n-
°p∂ bmsXm∂pw Xs∂-bn√ F∂Xv
hfsc {][m-\-s∏´ Hcp hkvXp-X-bmWv.
ImcWw ssIIm-ep-I-fnse AkvXn-I-
Iƒ°v ico-c AkvXn-I-fp-ambn _‘-
an-√msX \SØw Hcn-°epw km[y-a-√.
am{X- a √; Xn‡m- e n- ° ns‚ e`y- a mb
ap≥Nnd-Ip-I-fn¬ a’y-ß-fp-tSXv t]m-
se ap≈pIƒ t]mep≈ LS-\-IfmWv
D≈-Xv. ssIIm¬ hncep-If - psS AkvXn-
I-tfmSv Ch°v kam-\-X-I-fp-an-√. Bb-
Xp-sIm≠v Xs∂ ]cn-Wm-a-hm-Zn-bmb
sP\n-^¿ ¢m°v (Imw{_nPv bqWn-th-
gvkn‰n) ]d™p: ""Xn‡m-en°v Ic-bnse
\s´- √ p- ≈ Pohn- I - f psS t\cn- ´ p≈
]q¿hnI-\m-sW∂v ]d-bm≥ km[y-a√
Xs∂''(Atkm- k n- t b‰v {] v 2006
G{]n¬ 5) IqSmsX, as‰mcp ]cn-Wma-
hmZn hn¬t^m¿Uv ]d™p: ""Xn‡m-
en°v Hcp a’yw Xs∂-bmWv'' (\yqtbm-
¿°v ssSwkv, 2006 G{]n¬, 6)
 Xe-ap-X¬ Igp-Øpƒs∏sSbp≈ Hcp
IjvWw am{X-amb Cu t^mkn-ens‚
_-m-°n- `mKw Fs¥-∂-dn-bmsX Xs∂
Nn{Xo- I - c - W hpw `mh- \ m- h n- e m- k hpw
\SØn ""imkv{Xobm]-{K-Y\w'' F∂p
hnfn-°p-∂ coXnsb kXy-Øn¬ F¥m-
Wv hnfn-t°-≠Xv?
sF-U-˛ H-cp- tN-cm-Ø- I-Æn-
CØcw \qem-am-e-Iƒ°n-S-bn-emWv
sP≥kv {^m≥k≥ ]d-™Xv ImWpI:-
""sFU- \ΩpsS apXp-ap-Ø-»n-bmsW∂v
]d-bm-\m-In-s√-¶nepw Hcp-]t£ Ahƒ
\ΩpsS h√y h√y h√y-Ωmbn Bbn-cp-
∂n-cn-°mw'' sFU IYIfp-ambn Ducp-
Np-‰p-∂-h¿ ]t£ 1971¬ Utah ¬ \n∂v
e`n® Moab Mant^mkn-ep-Isf°pdn®v
au\n-I-fm-Wv. Utah se henb ]md-ti-
J-c-߃°-Sn-bn¬ 50--˛ 100 ao‰¿ ASn
XmgvNb - n¬ e`n® Ft´mfw a\p-jy-t^m-
a\sØ hniZoIcn°m≥ IgnbpIbn√
Xs∂.'' (de Vries, Hugo (1905), Species
and Varieties: Their Origin by Mutation,
ed. Daniel Trembly MacDougal (Chi-
cago, IL: Open Court).
CsX√mw ad®p]nSn®v amXr- ` qan
teJ-I≥ ImWp∂ kz]v\w AXn-Kw-
`ocw Xs∂. ap∏Xv hb- m-Ip-∂-tXmsS
Znt\\ Hcp e£w \yqtdm-Wp-Iƒ hoXw
a\pjyakvXn-jvI-Øn¬ NsØm-Sp-ßp-

sSIvkm-knse t]mÃv F∂ ÿ-e-Øn-\-

SpØp\n∂pw Is≠-SpØ Im°-tbmfw hep-∏-ap≈
c≠v ]£n-I-fpsS t^mkn-ep-Iƒ°v ]cn-Wm-a-hm-Zn-
I-fpsS Xs∂ A`n-{]m-b-Øn¬ Ime-\n¿W-co-Xn-
Iƒ {]Imcw GXm≠v 225 aney≥ h¿jw
]g-°-ap-≠v. AXm-bXv B¿°ntbmsSdn-]vkn-s\-
°mƒ 75 aney≥ h¿jw apºp Xs∂ ]£n-Iƒ
bp-Øm-bn¬- \n-∂p-w- I-s≠-Sp-Ø- sam-B-_v-am≥- t^m-kn¬- \ne-\n-∂n-cp-∂p-sh-∂¿-Yw

sFU-bpsS hchv. P¿a-\n-bn¬ \n∂pw
In´nb sFU t^mkn-en\v Ct∏m-gp≈
ena¿ Ipc-ßp-I-tfm-SmWv kmay-ap-≈-Xv.
ena-dn¬ \n∂v hyXykvXamb ap≥]√pI-
fp-sSbpw \J-ß-fp-sSbpw LS-\-Iƒ am-
‰n \n¿Øn-bm¬ CXn\v ena-dp-I-fn¬ \n-
∂v henb hyXym-k-ß-sfm-∂p-an-√. sF-
U-bpsS hnc-ep-Ifpw \J-ßfpw a\p-jy-
cp-tS-Xn\v ka-amWv F∂v ]cn-Wm-a-hm-
Zn-Iƒ ]d-bp-∂p. F∂m¬ AXns‚ ]√p-
I-sf√mw Xs∂ XnI®pw Ipc-ß∑ - m-cpsS
]√p- I ƒ°v kam- \ - a m- s W∂ Imcyw
kuI-cy-]q¿hw ad-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.
Xpdn®v t\sc t\m°p∂ IÆp-I-fmWv
sFU--bp-tS-sX∂pw AXv a\p-jy-t‚-Xn\v
kam-\-am-sW-∂p-amWv as‰mcp h¿Ø-
am\w. Xe-tbm-´n-bpsS BIr-Xn-bn¬
\n∂pw IÆns‚ Ahÿ Duln-°m-sa-
∂Xv kΩ-Xn-®m¬ Xs∂ ChnsS sFU-
°v a‰p Ipc-ßp-Isf At]-£n®v ]ptcm-
K-an® KpW-ß-fmWv D≠m-bn-cp-∂-sX∂v
hcp-∂p. At∏mƒ sFU-bn¬ \n∂v Ipc-
ßn-se-Øn-b-t∏mƒ ]cn-Wmaw ]nd-tIm-
´- S n- ® p- s h∂v ]d- b mw. apºp- ≠ m- b n- c p-
∂Xpw Hcp-]-t£ hwi-\miw kw`-hn-®n-
´p-≈-Xp-amb Hcp Ipcßv F∂-√msX
sFU--sb-°p-dn®v kXy-Øn¬ H∂pw ]d-
bm-\n-√. sFU-sb-°p-dn®v AXv Is≠-
SpØ imkv { X- I m- c - ∑ m- c n¬ Hcm- f mb
kn-ep-If- mWv Moab Man t^m-kn-ep-Iƒ.
At\Iw ssU\-tkm¿ t^mkn-ep-Iƒ
e`n-®n-SØp \n∂p Xs∂ Is≠-SpØ
Cu a\p-jy-t^m-kn-epIƒ°v 140 aney≥
h¿jw ]g-°-ap-f-f-Xmbn IW-°m-°-s∏-
Sp-∂p. ]cn-Wm-a-hm-Zn-Iƒ CXv AwKo-I-
cn-°p-∂n-s√-¶nepw B {]tZ-iØp≠mb
henb {]IrXn Zpc-¥Ø - n¬ ssU\-tkm-
dp-I-tfm-sSm∏w Xs∂ NØ-Sn™p t]m-
b-XmWv Cu a\p-jy-°q-´-sa∂ krjvSn-
hm-Zn-I-fpsS Ah-Im-i-hm-ZsØ ]q¿W-
ambn \ncm-I-cn-°m≥ Ah¿°v Ign-™n-
´n-√.
ssU\-tkm-dp-Ifpw a\p-jycpw IqsS
t{]mt´m Bhnkv ]£n-Ifpw Hcp-an®p
Ign™ Imew... ]cn-Wm-ah - mZ IÆn-Iƒ
Xmdp-am-dm-°p∂ ImgvN-Iƒ. \s√mcp
Nn{X-Im-c\v Nn{Xo-Ic- n-°m≥ Is≠-SpØ
sXfn-hp-Iƒ Xs∂ Ahew_n-°mw!
Um¿hns‚ {]IrXn \n¿[mcWw hgn
Pohn- h ¿K- ß ƒ D≠m- h p- I - b n- s √∂pw
AXn- \ p≈ GIkm[yX ayqt´- j ≥
am{X-am-sW∂pw ka¿Yn® lyqtKm
Un{hnkv t\m_¬ kΩm-\-tP-Xm-hmWv.
At±lw FgpXn: ""{]IrXn \n¿≤mcW-
Øn\v Hcp]t£ _ehms‚ AXnPo-
h\sØ hniZoIcn°m≥ Igns™∂p
hcmw. F∂m¬ AXn\v _ehms‚ BK-
∂p-≠v F∂v imkv{Xw hnfn®p ]d-bp-
tºmƒ ac-Wa - n-√mØ, {]mb-ta-dmØ Hcp
\mfsb kz]v\w I≠p Ign-bm≥ kz]v\-
Pohn-Iƒ°v Ign-bp-sa-¶nepw \ne-hn-ep-
≈ bmYm¿Yy-ßsf apJ-hn-e-s°-SpØv
Pohn-XsØ [\y-am-°p-I-sb-∂-XmWv
DØ-ch - m-Zn-Øt- _m-[hpw kmaqly {]Xn-
_-≤-X-bp-ap≈ _p≤n-im-en-Iƒ sNtø-
≠-Xv.
Ref:
1.Evolution: A Theory in Crisis, Michael
Denton, 1985,London Burnett Books
2.Homology, an Unsolved Problem, Sir
Gavin de Beer, 1971,London Oxford univer-
sity Press
3.Morell, Virginia , Archaeopteryx: Early
Bird Catches a Can of Worms, Science,
259:764-765, February 5, 1993.
4.Sunderland, Luther D.(1988), Darwin s
Enigma: Fossils and Other Problems (El Cajon,
CA: Master Books).
5.Hoyle, Fred, N.C. Wickramasinghe, and
R.S. Watkins (1986), Archaeopteryx, British
Journal of Photography, 132:693, June21
6. Wysong.R.L: The Creation-Evolution
Controversy, 1976, East Lansing MI: Inquiry
Press

2009 Pqsse-- 14
 am\-hnI sFIyhpw
GI-ssZhhnizm-khpw
Fw Fw AIv_¿ ■-
kwL-´\- ß
- fpw kv]¿≤-bp-an-√m-sX,
kvt\l-tØm-sSbpw kmtlm-Z-cy-tØm-
sSbpw a\p-jy-sc√mw Pohn-°p∂ Hcp
temIsØ Ipdn®v kz]v\w ImWm-Øh - ¿
Bcm-Wp-≈Xv? Cu kz]v\a - m-Wv, kmln-
XysØ Poh- p-‰-Xm-°p-∂-Xv; Iesb
km¿Y-am-°p-∂Xv; imkv{XsØ Ne-\m-
2009 Pqsse--
fl-I-am-°p-∂Xv; Pohn-XsØ {]Im-i-am-
\-am-°p-∂X
- v. AsX; sFIy-tØm-sSbpw
kvt\l-tØm-sSbpw Pohn-°p-∂Xv a\p-
jym-flm-hns‚ Zml-am-Wv. Ak-ln-jv-
Wp-X-bpsSbpw Ass\-Iy-Øn-s‚bpw
\nan-Ø-ßsf Ah≥ BXy¥n-I-ambn
shdp-°p-∂p. Iem-]-ßfpw IjvS-∏m-Sp-I-
fp-an-√mØ Hcp temIsØ Ah≥ B{K-
ln-°p-∂p.
15
 Cu kz]v\-Øn\v a\p-jys‚ D¬]-
Øn-tbmfw ]g-°-ap-≠v. Ass\-Iy-Øn-
s‚bpw Ak-ln-jvWp-X-bp-sSbpw \nan-
Ø-߃s°-Xnsc i‡-ambn i_vZn®
F{Xtbm alm-c-Y-∑m¿ Ncn-{X-Im-e-Øn-
\p apºv Ign™pt]mbn. Ahsc Ipdn®v
\ap-°p≈ Adnhv Xptemw ]cn-an-Xa - m-Wv.
alm-\mb tamkkpw a¿±n-X¿°p th≠n
i_vZn® I¨^yq-jkpw kvt\lw {]N-
cn-∏n® tbiphpw XymK-Øns‚ ZqX-\mb
{io_p≤\pw a\p-jy¿°p th≠n t]mcm-
Snb tkm{I-´okpw Ak-aX - z-Øn-s\-Xnsc
hmtfm-ßnb emthm-Xvsk-bp-sa√mw Ch-
cn¬ Nne¿ am{X-am-Wv. kaq-l-Øns‚
\∑°p th≠n i_vZn® Ch-cn¬ ]e¿-
°pw kaqlw kΩm-\n-®Xv ac-°p-cn-ipw,
apƒ°n-co-Sh - pw, hnj-t°m-∏b - pw, XS-¶¬
]mf-b-ß-fp-am-bn-cp-∂p. sFIy-Øns‚
At∏m-kvX-e-∑msc Ass\-Iy-Øns‚
]Wn-bm-fp-I-fmbn Ah-X-cn-∏n®v X√n-
s°m-√pI-sb∂ X{¥-amWv F°m-e-
Øpw Ak-Xy-Øns‚ Imh¬°m¿ ]b-
‰n-bn-´p-≈-Xv.
1516¬ {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°-s∏´ tXma-kv-
aq-dns‚ "Dt´m-∏nb'bpsS D≈-S°w ka-
Xz-kp-µ-c-amb temI-sa∂ a\pjy[nj-
W-bpsS tX´-Øns‚ km^-ey-am-Wv. 1602-
¬ tXmakv Imws]-\-√-sb∂ C‰m-en-
b≥ XØz Nn¥-I-s\-gp-Xnb "Zn kn‰n
Hm^v Zn k¨' F∂ ]pkvXI - hpw CtX
CXn- h r- Ø - a pƒs°m- ≈ p- ∂ p. kXyk-
‘cpw kvt\l-kº - q¿Æ-cp-amb X]vtdm-
ºms\ Zzo]p-\n-hm-kn-Iƒ! Ah¿°v Ie-
lhpw kv]¿≤bpw ]cn-N-b-an-√. sFIy-
tØm-sSbpw kln-jvWp-X-tbmsSbpw
P\-߃ Pohn-°p∂ Hcp kpµc \K-cw;
AXmWv kqcy-\-K-cw. Aß-s\-sbmcp
kqcy-\K - cw bYm¿Y-Øn¬ \ne-\n¬°p-
∂n-√-t√m-sb∂v Xs‚ IrXn-bpsS Ah-
km-\-Øn¬ Imws]-\-√ k¶-S-s∏-Sp-∂p-
≠v. a‰p a\p-jy-cp-ambn sFIy-s∏-Sp-∂-
Xn\pw HØp-tN-cp-∂X - n-\p-amWv a\p-jym-
flmhv Bin-°p-∂s - X∂pw Bflm-hns‚
Blzm\w sNhn-s°m-≈p-∂p-sh-¶n¬
CØ-cw sFIyw t\Sm≥ km[n-°p-sa-
∂pamWv Xs‚ IrXn P\-߃°v \¬-
Ip∂ ktµ-i-sa-∂mWv Imws]-\√ ]d-
bp-∂-Xv.
a\pjymflmhv, sFIyhpw klnjv-
WpXbpw klh¿ØnXzhpamWv BXy-
¥nIambn B{Kln°p∂sX¶n¬ ]n-
s∂ F¥psIm≠mWv kv ] ¿≤bpw
2009 Pqsse--
IqSnbmWv.
H∂mw temI alpbp≤Øn¬ Zb\o-
bamb ]cmPbw t\cn´v \ncmi-cmbn
IgnbpIbmbncp∂ P¿Ω≥ P\Xsb
X´nbpW¿Øn, Ahcn¬ BthiØn-
s‚ hnØpIƒ ]mInb AtUmƒ^v
ln‰vedmbncp∂p c≠mw temI almbp-
≤Ønse \mbI≥. k¶pNnX tZio-
bXbpw h¿KobXbpw hwiobXbpw
At±lw P¿Ω≥Imcn¬ IpØnsh®p.
temIØn¬ G‰hpw DØa¿ bqtdm-
]y∑mcpw Ahcn¬ t\m¿UnIv hwiPcpw
Ass\-Iy-Øn-s‚bpw Ak-ln-jvWp-X-bp-sSbpw
\nan-Ø-߃s°-Xnsc i‡-ambn {]-Xn-I-c-n®
F{Xtbm alm-c-Y-∑m¿ Ncn-{X-Im-e-Øn\p apºv
Ign™pt]mbn. kaq-l-Øns‚ \∑°p th≠n
i_vZn® Ch-cn¬ ]e¿°pw kaqlw kΩm-\n-®Xv
ac-°p-cn-ipw apƒ°n-co-S-hpw hnj-t°m-∏-bpw
XS¶¬]mf-b-ß-fp-am-bn-cp-∂p
kwL´\ßfpw c‡-sNm-cn-®n-ep-Ifp-ap- Ahcn¬ P¿Ω≥Imcpw Ahcn¬ Bcy-
≠m-hp∂Xv? ∑mcpamsW∂mbncp∂p ln‰v e dp- s S
Cu \q‰m≠nse G‰hpw ZmcpWamb hmZw. "kq∏¿ lyqa¨ _oßvkv' Bb
Zpc¥ambncp∂p AWpt_mw_v kvt^m- P¿Ω≥ Bcy∑m¿°mWv temIw apgp-
S\w. 1945 BKkv‰v Bdn\v lntcmjna- h≥ `cn°m\p≈ AhImisa∂v At±-
bnepw HºXn\v \mKkm°nbnepw lw kn≤m¥n®p. P¿Ω≥Imcnse
AWpt_mw_v h¿jn°s∏´p. Hcp \nan- Alwcmjv { S`mhsØbpw hwiob˛-
jw! shdpw Hcp \nanjw sIm≠v Hcm- h¿Kob˛k¶pNnX XØzßtfbpw
bncw kqcy∑mcpsS i‡nbp≈ AXn- D±o]n∏n°m\t±lØn\v km[n®p.
_rlØmb Hcp A·ntKmfw BImi- 1933se sXscs™Sp∏n¬ h≥ `qcn]£-
Ønte°pb¿∂p. cm£kobamb Hcp tØmSp IqSn Nm≥kedmbn sXscs™-
taL]Sew Cu {]`sb ]n¥pS¿∂p. Cu Sp°s∏´ At±lw Hcp h¿jØn\p
]pIbn¬ Fcn™a¿∂Xv aq∂p e£w tijw {]knU≠p ]Zw IqSn Gs‰Sp°p-
a\pjyPoh\pIfmbncp∂p. e£°- Ibpw "t\Xmhv' F∂¿Yw hcp∂ "]yq-
W°n\v a\pjy¿ AWp{]kcWta‰v d¿' F∂ ÿm\t∏cp kzoIcn®v P¿Ω-
\nXytcmKnIfmbnØo¿∂p. tdUntb- \nbpsS GIO{Xm[n]Xnbmbn amdp-I-
j≥ Zpc¥Øns‚ k¥XnIƒ C∂pan- bpw sNbvXp.
hnsS acn°msX acn®psIm≠v Pohn- P¿Ω\nbpsS `cWm[nImcnbmbn
°p∂p. amdnb DS≥ Xs∂ km{amPyXzhnIk\-
\mknkw Hcp Zp¿`qXw t]mse Øn\p≈ {ia߃ At±lw XpSßn.
temIcmjv{S߃°p apIfnte°v Xs‚ sIm®p sIm®p cmjv{Sßsf IogS°n-
{ZwjvS߃ \o´nbt∏mƒ AXp XSpt°- s°m≠v XpSßnb At±lw Ahkm\w
≠Xv BhiyamsW∂p IcpXnb imkv- t]mf≠v A{Ian®tXmsSbmWv c≠mw
{X⁄≥amcpsS krjv S nbmbn- c p∂p temI almbp≤w XpSßnbXv. \o≠
AWpt_mw_v. AXnse icnbpw sX‰pw A©p h¿jw \ne\n∂ {]kvXpX bp-
]cntim[n°p∂n√; GXmbncp∂mepw ≤w, ln‰vedpsSbpw `mcybpsSbpw Bfl-
{]kvXpX Zpc¥Øns‚ {]Xn°q´n¬ lXybn¬ Iemin°pIbpw Ahkm\w
\n¬°p∂Xv Atacn° am{Xa√; {]Xyp- B‰wt_mw_v hnkvt^mS\tØmSpIqSn
X \mknksa∂ k¶pNnX tZiobX Xncioe hogpIbpw sNbvXp. c≠p tIm-
16
Sntbmfw ]´mf°m¿ Cu bp≤Øn¬ acn-
®p. km[mcW°mcpsS IW°v CXn-
epsa{Xtbm A[nIamWv. 11,500 tImSn
Atacn°≥ tUmf¿ bp≤Øn\p th≠n
sNehmbn. k¶pNnXtZiobX AYhm
tjmh\nkw krjvSn® almhn]Øv!
Alwcmjv{S`mhw P¿Ω\nsb FØn®
]X\w!! F∂n´pw \mw ]Tn°p∂n√.
P\n®p hf¿∂ cmPysØ kvt\ln-
t°≠Xv Hmtcm a\pjycpsSbpw ISa-
bmWv. cmjv{S kvt\lan√mØh¿°v
B cmPyØv Pohn°phm\hImian√.
F¥mWv cmjv{Skvt\lw? \m´pIm¿
sNøp∂ sX‰pIsf apgph≥ \ymboIcn-
°p∂tXm t\Xm°sf Bcm[n°p∂-
tXm BtWm? Ab¬ cmjv{SsØ ASn-
®a¿Øp∂tXm A\y\m´pImsc shdp-
°p∂tXm BtWm? AX√, kzcmPy-
Øns‚ ]ptcmKXn°p th≠n {]h¿Øn-
°p∂tXm? \ΩpsS cmjv{S]nXmhmb
Km‘nPn Xs∂ ]dbs´. 1925 am¿®v 12˛mw
XnøXnbnse "bwKv C¥y'bn¬ At±lw
FgpXn. "Fs‚ tZiobX Fs‚ "kztZ-
in'sb t∏mse Xs∂ hnimeamWv.
temIØn\p apgph≥ t\´ap≠m°n-
s°m≠p≈ C¥ybpsS ]ptcmKXnbm-
Wv Rm≥ Imwjn°p∂Xv. a‰p cmjv{Sß-
fpsS \miØn¬ \n∂p≈ C¥ybpsS
Db¿® Rm≥ B{Kln°p∂n√.'
F∂m¬, tZiobXbpsS t]cn¬
C¥ybnen∂v hf¿∂psIm≠ncn°p∂Xv
k¶pNnXhpw {]Xntema]chpw bpt≤m-
¬kpIhpamb tjmh\nkamWv. ^mkn-
2009 Pqsse--
kØns‚bpw \mknkØns‚bpw Nph- F∂ kwLS\bpsS {][m\ e£yw
SpIƒs°m∏n®v Alwcmjv{S`mhhpw Ip´n-Ifn¬ Alwcmjv{S`mhw IpØnsh-
hwiobXbpw A\yh¿Khntcm[hpw °pIsb∂Xmbncp∂p. `mcXØns‚
{]Ncn∏n®p sIm≠p≈ tjmh\nÃv `qXImew kpµchpw kpJkºq¿Whp-
\o°w cmjv{SØns‚ \miØn¬ am{X- ambncp∂psh∂v hcpØnØo¿°phm-
ta Iemin°pIbp≈qsh∂XmWv Ncn- \mbn krjvSn°s∏´XmWv "B¿j`m-
{Xw \¬Ip∂ ]mTw. Xo{htZiobXbm- cXw' F∂ k¶¬∏w. Cu k¶¬∏Øn-
bncp∂p \mknkØns‚bpw ^mknk- s‚ hn{Klh¬°cWØn\p ]n∂n¬
Øns‚bpw NmeIi‡n. Ahbv°p-≠m- \tS ]d™ \mknNn¥bpsS XpS¿®
b ]X\Øn\p≈ ImcWhpw Cu Xo{h- am{XamWp≈Xv. {]IrXn]qPbpw, aZym-
tZiobX Xs∂bmbncp∂p. ^mkn-k- cm[\bpw, enwK{]XnjvTbpw \ne\n∂n-
Øn\pw \mknkØn\pw kw`hn® ]X- cp∂ `mcXw; Aizta[bmKsa∂ NØ-
\w Xs∂ C¥y≥ tjmh\nk-Øn\p- IpXncbpambp≈ ssewKnI _‘hpw,
\mknkw Hcp Zp¿`qXw t]mse temIcmjv{S߃°p
apIfnte°v Xs‚ {ZwjvS߃ \o´nbt∏mƒ AXp
XSpt°≠Xv BhiyamsW∂p IcpXnb imkv{X⁄≥amcpsS
krjvSnbmbncp∂p AWpt_mw_v. {]kvXpX Zpc¥Øns‚
{]Xn°q´n¬ \n¬°p∂Xv Atacn° am{Xa√; {]XypX
\mknksa∂ k¶pNnXtZiobX IqSnbmWv
\cta[bmKsa∂ ]®a\pjys‚ _en-
bpw \ne\n∂ncp∂ `mcXw; ktlmZcn
ktlmZc≥am¿ XΩnepw, ]nXmhpw
aIfpw XΩnepw ssewKnI _‘߃
\ne\n∂ncp∂ `mcXw; kaqlcXnbpw
\· \rØßfpw \ne\n∂ncp∂ `mc-
Xw; kv{Xo amdpad®psIm≠v hgnbn-
endßn \S∂pIqSm F∂v \nbaap≠m-
bncp∂ `mcXw; "\xkv{Xo kzX{¥a¿l-
Xn'-sb∂v {]Jym]n® `mcXw; ]q¿W-
K¿`Wnbmb `mcysb \√ t]cn\p th-
≠n Im´nept]£n°p∂Xv [¿ΩamsW-
∂v ]Tn∏n®ncp∂ `mcXw; _lp `¿Xr-
Øzsa∂ tæOkwkvImcw \ne\n∂n-
cp∂ `mcXw; NWvUmf\pw iq{Z\pw
]∂nsbbpw ]´nsbbpw t]msebmsW-
∂v {]Jym]n® `mcXw; sXm´pIqSmbva-
bpw Xo≠n°qSmbvabpw \ne\n∂ncp∂
`mcXw; thiyIsf sh®v hcpam\ap≠m-
≠mhpw; Xo¿®. °nb cmPm°∑mcp≠mbncp∂ `mcXw;
\mknIƒ D]tbmKn® kt¶X߃- NXnbpw h©\bpw sNbvXpw A‘hn-
°p kam\amb kt¶X߃ Xs∂bm- izmk߃ hf¿Ønbpw JP\mhv kº-
Wv C¥y≥ tjmh\nkhpap]tbmKn°p- ∂am°nbncp∂ `cWm[nImcnIfpsS
∂sX∂ hkvXpXbmWv Gsd IuXpI- `mcXw; CXmWv "B¿j`mcXw.' CXn-
Icambn´p≈Xv. P¿Ω≥ tZiobX hf¿- s\bmWv alØmb kmwkv I mcnI
Øm≥ P¿Ω\nbpsS `qXImew kpµ- ss]XrIambn hntijn∏n°s∏Sp∂sX-
chpw kar≤hpw kpJkºq¿Whpambn- ∂ hkvXpX F¥pam{Xw klXm]m¿-
cp∂psh∂v hcpØnØo¿°pIbmWv la√!
\mknIƒ sNbvXXv. 1938¬ cq]oIcn°- `mcXob `qXImesØ XakvIcn®p
s∏´ "ln‰ve¿ bqØv Atkmkntbj≥' ImWn°pIsb∂ e£yw \ap°n√.
17
C¥ybmbmepw Ct¥ymt\jybm-bm-
epw Atacn°bmbmepw Atd_ybmbm-
epw, Hcp cmjv{Shpw `qXImew ]q¿Wam-
bn \√Xmbn´n√mbncp∂psh∂v kqNn∏n-
°pIam{XamWv Dt±iyw. aplΩZv \_n
 P\n® Atd_ybn¬ Xs∂bmWv
A_qPlepw P\n®Xv. Jp¿B≥ Ah-
Xcn∏n® a°bn¬ Xs∂bmWv "apA-
√°' Xqßn°nS∂ncp∂Xv. `qXImeØn-
s‚ hn{Klh¬°cWw Hcp cmPyØn-
\pw A\ptbmPyamhpIbn√. `mcXob
`qXImeØn\pw \√Xpw NoØbp-ap--
≠mbncp∂p. tKmfimkv{X]T\߃
\S∂ncp∂ C¥ybn¬, cmlpsh∂ k¿-
∏w hngpßp∂Xn\memWv N{µ\pw kq-
cy\pw {KlWw kw`hn°p∂sX∂
hnizmkhpw \ne\n∂ncp∂p. Bbp¿th-
Zw DØpwKXbnseØnbncp∂ ImeØp
Xs∂bmWv b⁄ßfneqsS ]p{X∑m-
sc krjvSn°p∂ hnZybpw ChnsS ]p-
tcmKan®Xv. Cu c≠p hißfpw ImWm-
Xncn°p∂Xv tZiobXb√; tjmh\n-k-
c≠p tImSntbmfw ]´mf°m¿ c≠mw temI almbp≤Øn¬
acn®p. 11,500 tImSn Atacn°≥ tUmf¿ bp≤Øn\p th≠n
sNehmbn. k¶pNnXtZiobX AYhm tjmh\nkw
krjvSn® almhn]Øv! Alwcmjv{S`mhw P¿Ω\nsb
FØn® ]X\w!! F∂n´pw \mw ]Tn°p∂n√
amWv˛tjmh\nkamIs´ cmjv{SØn\v
lm\nIchpamWv.
c≠mwtemI almbp≤ImeØv P¿-
Ω≥ P\XbpsS hocyw h¿[n∏n°p∂-
Xn\pw Ahsc Bthi`cnXcm°p∂Xn-
\pw th≠n \mknIƒ D]tbmKn®ncp∂
Bbp[ßfn¬ H∂mbncp∂p s\mkv{Sm-
Uakns‚ {]hN\߃. ]Xn\mdmw
\q‰m≠n¬ {^m≥kn¬ Pohn®, tPm¬-
ky-\mb anJmtb¬ s\mkv{SmUakv X-
s‚ amÿ ]okmb "sk≥Nzdokn'¬,
ln‰edpsS hnPbhpw P¿Ω\nbpsS
]ptcmKXnbpw {]hNn®n´ps≠∂mbn-
cp∂p {]NmcWw. Fßs\bpw hymJym-
\n°mhp∂ s\mkv{SmUakns‚ {]hN-
\ßfn¬ NnesXSpØv ln‰v e dpsS
tPm¬ky\mbncp∂ Imƒ GWÃv {Im-
^‰v ln‰ve¿°-\p-Iq-e-ambn hymJym-\n-
°p-Ib- mWv sNbvXX
- v. ]t£, s\mkv{Sm-
Uakns‚ {]hN\ßtfbpw {Im^v‰n-
s‚ hniZoIcWßtfbpw sX‰n®psIm-
≠v c≠mw temI almbp≤Øn¬ P¿Ω-
\n \new ]cnimbn; ln‰ve¿ BfllXy
sNbvXp; {Im^v‰mIs´ ln‰vedpsS X-
s∂ clkyt∏meokmb "KÃt∏m'Ifm-
¬ ]nSn°s∏´p.
C¥y≥ tjmh\nÃpIfpsSbpw
{][m\s∏´ Bbp[ßfnsem∂mWv
s\mkv{SmUakns‚ {]hN\߃. tem-
Iw apgph≥ lnµp°ƒ `cn°psa∂v s\m-
kv{SmUakv {]hNn®n´ps≠∂mWv {]-
NmcWw. CXn\p th≠n hnhn[ C¥y≥
`mjIfn¬ Ch¿ ]pkvXsagpXnbn´p≠v.
t`mPvcmPvZznthZnbpsS "s\mkv{SmUmw
Io `hnjy hmWnbmw', AtimIv Ipam¿
i¿ΩbpsS "s\mkv{SmUmw Io kºq-
¿W `hnjy hmWnbmw' k¬amsskZn-
bpsS "hnizhnJymX `hnjythXm
\mkvs{XZakvIn `hnjy hmWnbmw'
XpSßnb lnµn ]pkvXIßfpw kn.Pn
lncWy∏ FgpXnb "lnµp sUkv‰n\n
C≥ s\mkv{SmsUakv' F∂ Cw•ojv
]pkvXIhpw ]n.Fkv.Fkns‚ "s\mkv-
{SmUakns‚ {]hN\߃' F∂ ae-
bmfw ]pkvXIhpw Cu e£yØn\p
th≠n FgpXs∏´hbmWv. km[mcW
lnµp°ƒ°nSbn¬, lnµpaXw temI-
sØ AS°n `cn°psa∂ anYym[mcW
hf¿Øn, AXn\p th≠nbp≈ A[zm-
\w hrYmhnemhpIbnsö hnizmkap-
≠m°pIbpw Aßs\ apkvenwIƒs°-
Xnscbp≈ kacØn¬ Ahsc _en-
bmSm°pIbpw sNøpIsb∂ e£ya-
√msX as‰m∂pw Cu ]pkvXI߃°p
]n∂nen√. apkvenwIsf ImS∑mcpw Ah-
cn¬ \n∂v temIsØ c£n°p∂ lnµp-
°sf kmwkvImcnI kº∂cpambn´m-
Wv Cu ]pkvXIßfn¬ Nneh {]Xn-
]mZn°p∂Xv. apkvenwIƒs°Xnscbp-
≈ kacw Ncn{XØns‚ A\nhmcyX-
bmsW∂v hcpØnØo¿°pIbmWv Cu
cN\IfpsS AXy¥nIe£yw. s\mkv-
{SmUakns‚ {]hN\ßsf X\n°\p-
Iqeambn D]tbmKn® ln‰vedpsS ]X-
\amWv kh¿W \mknIƒ°pap≠mhp-
Isb∂pd∏mWv.
Hcp FXncmfnbn√msX tjmh\nk-
Øn\v hfcphm\mhn√. ln‰ve¿ FXncm-
fnIfm°nbXv PqX∑mscbmWv. P¿Ω\n-
bn¬ hyhkmbhpw hmWnPyhpw \S-
Øn kam[m\tØmsS Pohn®p hcnI-
bmbncp∂ blqZ∑msc cmPyt{Zmln-I-
fpw NqjI∑mcpambn \mknIƒ ap{ZIp-
Øn. Ah¿s°Xnsc P¿Ω≥ Bcy∑m-
cpsS hnImcw Bfn°Øn®p. PqXkap-
ZmbØn¬ P\n®psh∂XpsIm≠p am-
{Xw B¬_¿´v sF≥Ãbn≥, kn‹≠v
t{^mbvUv XpSßnb hniz{]kn≤ imkv-
{X⁄∑m¿ ]oUn∏n°s∏´p. Ah¿
P¿Ω\nbn¬ \n∂pw ]emb\w sNbvXp.
bqZimkv { XsØ hn]mS\w sNbv X v
Bcyimkv{XsØ {]XnjvTn°pI F∂
e£ytØmSpIqSn ln‰vedpsS kl{]-
h¿ØI\mbncp∂ sl≥dn®v lnwf¿

2009 Pqsse-- 18
"Bcytkm^nkw' F∂ Hcp kn≤m¥w
Xs∂ ]S®p. blqZ∑msc tIm¨k¨-
t{Sj≥ IymºpIfn¬ ]d™b®v AXn-
ITn\amb tPmenIsfSp∏n®p. tPmensb-
Sp°m≥ IgnbmXncp∂ hr≤∑mscbpw
Ip´nIsfbpw Poht\msS IØn®p
shÆodm°n. \mkn tIm¨k¨t{S-
j≥ IymºpIfn¬ \n∂v c£s∏Sphm-
\mbn Hcp Iq´w blqZ∑m¿ \SØnb
AXnkmlknIamb IY ]dbp∂ "Zn
FkvtI∏v {^w tkm¿_n¿_tdm'sb∂
tUmIypsa‚dn GsXmcp inetbbpw
Icbn∏n°m≥ t]m∂XmWv. Cu {Iqc-
XIfpsSsb√mw ImcWsa¥msW-∂
tNmZyØn\v ln‰vedpsS hnZqjI\mbn-
cp∂ Ko_¬kv \¬Inb adp]Sn hn¬-
lw dolv Xs‚ "Zn amkv sskt°mfPn
Hm^v ^mknkw' F∂ ]pkvXIØn¬
D≤cn°p∂p≠v . AXnßs\bmWv
"Bsc¶nepw \nßfpsS AΩbpsS apJ-
Øv Nm´hmdpsIm≠Sn®m¬ \nßfbm-
ƒ°v \µn ]dbptam? C{]Imcw sNøp-
∂h≥ a\pjy\√; arKamWv. \ΩpsS
amXrcmPyamb P¿Ω\nbpsS apJØv
Fs¥√mw hrØntISpIfmWv Cu
blqZ∑m¿ Im´n°q´nbXv. Ah¿ \Ωp-
sS hwisØ If¶s∏SpØn. \ΩpsS
i‡n tNm¿Øn°f™p. \ΩpsS ]ca-
kXyßsf \in∏n®p. Hcp blqZs\-
∂m¬ Xo¿®bmbpw Po¿WXbpsS {]Xn-
cq]amWv.' (]pdw 47)
tjmh\nkØns‚ C¥ybnse
FXncmfnbmb Ckveman\pw apkvenwI-
ƒ°psaXnsc D∂bn® Btcm]W-
ßfpw Ko_¬kv blqZ∑m¿s°Xnsc
D∂bn® Btcm]Wßfpw kam\ßfm-
Wv. C¥y≥ tZiobXbn¬ Aen™p
tNcmØhcmWv apkvenwIsf∂pw `mc-
XsØ amXmhmbn AwKoIcn°mØnS-
tØmfw Imew A{Iaw XpScpsa∂pam-
Wv hniZoIcWw. `mcXamXmhns‚ I-
Ænse IcSpIƒ \o°w sNøpIbmWv
lnµp bphXbpsS I¿Øhysa∂mW-
t√m CubSpØv tIkcn FgpXnbXv.
tjmh\nkw ChnsS sh®v h¿KobXbn-
te°v hgnamdp∂p.
C¥ybn¬ h¿KobXbpw PmXobX-
bpw Cc´ k¥m\ßfmWv. \mtSmSnIfm-
b Bcy∑m¿ k]vXkn‘phnte°v IpSn-
tbdnbXp apX¬°mWv PmXobXbpsS
Ncn{Xamcw`n°p∂Xv. EtKzZImeØp
Xs∂ PmXobXbpsS ssiihcq]amcw-
2009 Pqsse--
`qXImeØns‚
hn{Klh¬°cWw
Hcp cmPyØn\pw
A\ptbmPyamhp-
Ibn√. `mcXob
`qXImeØn\pw
\√Xpw NoØbp-ap-
≠mbncp∂p.
tKmfimkv{X]T\-
߃ \S∂ncp∂
C¥ybn¬, cmlp-
sh∂ k¿∏w
hngpßp-∂Xn\m-
emWv N{µ\pw
kqcy\pw {KlWw
kw`-hn-°p∂sX∂
hnizm-khpw
\ne\n∂n-cp∂p
`n®p Ign™ncp∂p. thZßfn¬ {][m\- Øns‚ ^eamsW∂pw iq{Z\pw NWv-
s∏´ EtKzZØnse ]Ømw aWvUew, Umf\pw ap÷∑Øn¬ ]m]w sNbvXh-
sXmÆqdmw kq‡w, ]{¥≠masØ cmbXn\m¬ Ahc\p`hn°p∂ IjvS-
E°m- W v NmXp¿h¿Wy hyhÿ°v ∏mSpIƒ \oXnIcWa¿ln-°p∂psh-
ASnØd ]mInbXv . kn‘p\ZoXS- ∂pw A®S°tØmSpIqSn kh¿Ætk-
kwkvImcsØ \in∏n®psIm≠v k]vX- h\w sNøpIsb∂ kz[¿Ωm\pjvTm\-
kn‘phnte°v IpSntbdnb {]mIrXcpw ØneqsS am{Xta Ah¿Æ¿°v tam£w
A]cnjv I rXcpambncp∂ Bcy∑m¿ e`n°pIbp≈qsh∂pw hcpØnØo¿-
]ehn[ {IqcXIƒ sNbvXpsIm≠mWv °p∂Xn\p th≠nbmWv ]p\¿P∑kn-
BZnhmknIfmbncp∂ {ZmhnU∑mcpsS ≤m¥w ]S°s∏´Xv. ssZhhnizmkØn-
ta¬ B[n]Xyw ÿm]n®Xv. ChnSp- epw ]ctemI t_m[Ønepw If¶ap-
sØ BZnhmknIsf am\knIhpw ≠m-°ns°m≠mWv C¥ybnse G‰hpw
imcocnIhpambn ASnaIfm°m≥ th- henb k¶pNnXXzamb PmXnhyhÿ
≠n ]S®XmWv bYm¿YØn¬ NmXp¿h- \ne\n∂sX∂¿Yw.
¿Wy hyhÿ. AXn\mbn ssZhk¶¬- kh¿Æm[n]XyØne[njvTnXamb
∏hpw ]ctemIhnizmkhpw t]mepw kmaqlyhyhÿnXnbmb NmXp¿h¿-
XncpØm≥ Bcy∑m¿ aSnImWn®n√. WyhyhÿbpsS kwÿm]\Øn\p
{_“mhns‚ Xebn¬ \n∂v krjvSn®- th≠nbmWv `KhZvKoXbpw {ioi¶c\p-
h\mWv {_m“Ws\∂pw ImepIfn¬ sa√mw hmZn°p∂Xv. NmXp¿h¿Wyhyh-
\n∂v ]S°s∏´h\mWv iq{Zs\∂pw ÿ \ne\n∂ncp∂ ImesØ tIcfØn-
hcpØnØo¿Øv {_m“Wta[mhnØ- s‚ Nn{Xw Ipamc\mims‚ "Zpchÿ'
hpw iq{Z]oU\hpw Dd∏p hcpØp∂Xn- "NWvUme`n£pIn' XpSßnb Imhyß-
\mbn´mWv \ncmImc\mb ]ca]pcpj\v fn¬ ImWm≥ Ignbpw. sXm´pIqSmbv-
ssIImepIƒ k¶¬∏n®Xv. {_m“-W- abpw Xo≠n°qSmbvabpw aX\nbaambn-
cpw a‰p kh¿Æcpa\p`hn°p∂ kpJ- cp∂p. Xmgv∂ PmXn°mc\v ]Tn°mt\m
kuIcy߃ AhcpsS ap÷∑kpIrX- DtZymK\nba\w e`n°phmt\m
19
AhImiap≠mbncp∂n√. Ah¿Æ-
kv{XoIƒ amdp ad°m≥ ]mSn√mbncp-
∂p. Ah¿ XßfpsS hmXnepIƒ kh¿-
Æ¿°p th≠n GXp \nanjhpw Xpd∂p-
sImSp°Wambncp∂p. Ahfpambn {_m-
“W≥ _‘s∏´p≠mb Ip™pßfp-
sS ]q¿Æ DØchmZnØzw Ahƒ°mbn-
cp∂p. CXmWnhnsS \ne\n∂ncp∂
"kw_‘'Øns‚ \nbaw. {_m“W\v
iq{Zkv{Xobpambn ssewKnI_‘Øn-
te¿s∏Smw. ]s£ Ahƒ \¬Ip∂
sh≈w IpSn°m≥ ]mSn√. Fs¥mcp
hnNn-{X \nbaw!
kh¿Æm[n]XyØn\pw Ah¿Æ-
]oU\Øn\psaXnsc i_v Z n®hsc-
sb√mw sR°nbpw ap°nbpw sIm∂
Ncn{XamWv ]utcmlnXyØnt‚Xv .
_p≤aXØn\pw ssP\aXØn\pw kw`-
hn®XnXmWv. ]utcmlnXyØns\Xn-
cmbn i‡ambn i_v Z n® _p≤s‚
BZ¿ißfnte°v P\߃ BIrjvS-
cmbn. AtimIs‚ `cWImeØv _p≤-
aXw `mcXw apgph≥ hym]n®p. tIcf-
Ønepw _p≤aXØn\v i‡amb kzm-
[o-\ap≠mbncp∂p. sImSpß√q¿, Kpcp-
hmbq¿, i_cnae, Imcnt°mSv, XpSßn-
b {]kn≤ t£{Xßsf√mw _p≤aX-
°mcptSXmbncp∂p. Ch ]nSns®Sp°m-
2009 Pqsse--
\mbn Bbnc°W°n\v _p≤`n£p°-
sf {_m“W¿ NXn{]tbmKØneqsS
sIms∂mSp°n. Cu t£{Xßfn¬
C∂p \ne\n¬°p∂ ]qc∏m´v, ImhpXo-
≠¬ XpSßnbh _p≤∑mcn¬ \n∂v
{_m“W∑m¿ Cu t£{X߃ ]nSn®S-
°nbXns‚ kv a cW \ne\n¿Øp∂
BNmcßfmWv . _p≤`n£p°fpsS
inc v tOZn®v XmeØn¬ sh®v ]ptcm-
lnX∑msc kzoIcn®m\bn®- X ns‚
{]XoImflIamb ]n¥pS¿®bmWs{X
Xmes∏men. _p≤aXØns\ \in∏n°p-
hm\m-bn hmIvssh`hap≈ _p≤`n£p-
°fn¬ ]e-cp-tSbpw \mhv apdn°s∏´p.
]escbpw \mSpISØn. _p≤kvXq]-
߃ \in∏n®p. `n£p°sfbpw `n£p-
WnIsfbpw Iq´s°me sNbvXp.
C¥ybn¬ h¿KobXbpw PmXobXbpw Cc´
k¥m\ßfmWv. \mtSmSnIfmb Bcy∑m¿ k]vXkn‘p-
hnte°v IpSntbdnbXp apX¬°mWv PmXobXbpsS Ncn{X-
amcw`n°p∂Xv. EtKzZImeØp Xs∂ PmXobXbpsS
ssiihcq]amcw`n®p Ign™ncp∂p
F∂n´pw _p≤aXw \in®n√. Ahkm-
\w "ka\zb'sa∂ X{¥ØneqsS _p≤-
aXsØ {_m“WaXØn¬ ebn∏n°p-
IbmWv Ah¿ sNbv X Xv . Aßs\
_p≤-aXØns‚ PmXnhncp≤`mhßsf
\in∏n°m≥ {_m“W¿°v km[n®p.
h¿KobXbpsS Ncn{Xw sh≈°mcp-
sS BKa\tØmSpIqSnb√; {]XypX
Bcy∑mcpsS BKa\tØmSpIqSnbmWv
Bcw`n°p∂Xv. kh¿Æm[n]XyØn-
20
s\Xnsc i_vZn® Z¿i\ßsfsb√mw
B{IaWßfneqsS \in∏n® Ncn{Xam-
Wv BcyaXØn\p≈Xv.
tjmh\nkØns‚ Ckvemw hntcm-
[ thcpIƒ ÿnXn sNøp∂Xv Chn-
sSbmWv. CkvemanI{]t_m[I∑m¿
anj\dnamcmbns°m≠√; {]XypX
I®hS°mcmbns°m≠mWv C¥ybn-
te°v h∂Xv. Atd_ybn¬ \n∂pw
h∂ AhcpsS PohnXss\¿aeyw I≠v
kh¿Æcpw Ah¿Æcpw AhcpsS aX-
Ønte°v BIrjvScmhpIbmWp≠m-
bXv . Ckv e manIilmZØv Ahsc
k¶pNnXXzßfn¬ \ns∂√mw kzX-
{¥am°n. sXm´pIqSmbv a bpsSbpw
Xo≠n°qSmbvabpsSbpw AbnØØn-
s‚bpw PmXobXbpsSbpw Nßes°´p-
Iƒ s]m´nsØdn®p. Ah¿Æcmbn
P\n®hcpw kh¿Æcmbn P\n®hcpw
apkvenwIfmbn amdnbt∏mƒ kmtlmZ-
cyØns‚ kzmZv A\p`hn®dn™p. Ckv-
emw hf¿∂p. Cu hf¿®, kh¿Æm[n]-
XyØns‚ I™nIpSn ap´n°psa∂v
Ah¿ Adn™t∏mtg°pw kabw ssh-
Inbncp∂p. A∂p apX¬°v Ckveman-
s\ \in∏n°phm\p≈ {iahpw XpSßn.
Cu {iaßfpsS Ahkm\sØ aq¿Ø-
cq]amWv "cmjv{Sob kzbw tkhIv
kwL'sa∂ ^mknÃv kwLS\. C¥y-
bnse h¿Kob Iem]ßfn¬ an°hbp-
sS ]n∂nepw Cu kwLS\bpsS Icß-
fmW≈Xv. Iem]ßfpsS e£yamhs´,
apkvenw D∑qe\hpw kh¿Æm[n]-Xy-
Øns‚ kwÿm]\hpamWv. C°mcyw
kwLS\bpsS ÿm]It\Xm°fnsem-
cmfmb tKmƒhmƒ°dpsS ]Zßfn¬
\n∂v kpXmcyw hy‡amhp∂p. At±-
lw ]d™p "Cu kwLamcw`n°p∂Xv
apkvenw AXn{Iaßsf {]Xntcm[n°p-
∂Xn\p am{Xa√, {]XypX {]kvXpX
tcmKsØ ]q¿Æambpw C√mXm°phm-
≥ th≠nbmWv.'
lnµph¿KobXsb {]Xntcm[n°m≥
Ckv e manI Xo{hhmZsa∂ ssien
CkvemanI[ym]\߃°p hncp≤am-
Wv. h¿Kob kwLS\Iƒ°v lnµp°fn-
se ipjv°\yq\]£ßsf am{Xta
kzm[o\n°m≥ Ign™n´p≈q. apkvenw-
Ifnse Xo{hhmZ {]h¿Ø\߃
`qcn]£sØ apkvenwIƒs°Xncm°p-
hm≥ am{Xta D]Icn°q. "h¿KobX-
bpsS t]cn¬ s]mcpXp∂h\pw h¿Kob-
X°p th≠n acn°p∂h\pw \Ωn¬
s]´h\√'sb∂mWv aplΩZv \_n 
]Tn∏n®Xv. kapZmbsa∂ tIhek¶-
¬∏w Xs∂ Ckveman\\yamWv. Ckv-
eman¬ "DΩ'ØmWp≈Xv. hnizmknIfp-
sS Iq´mbvabmWXv. hnizmknIƒ°p
P\n® Ahnizmknbmb aI≥ Cu
Iq´mbvabnse AwKa√. ]s£, X´an´
Fs‚ cmjv{Sw, Fs‚ {]tZiw, Fs‚ kapZmbw,
Fs‚ PmXn, Fs‚ h¿Kw, Fs‚ h¿Æw, Fs‚ IpSpw_w, Rm≥ a‰p≈htc°mƒ
DØa\msW∂pw AXn\v am{XamWv bYm¿YØn¬ \ne\n¬°phm≥
AhImiap≈Xv F∂pap≈ Nn¥bmWv Alw`mhw
XeIfp≈ amXm°fpsS a°fmbn ]nd-
∂p t]mbnsb∂ Hscm‰ ImcW-Øm¬
XesImøs∏Sp∂ Ahÿbp≠mhp-
tºmƒ a¿±nXcpsS sFIyap∂Wnbp-
≠mhpI kzm`mhnIamWv. BfllXym-
]camb {]Xn{Inbtb°mƒ hnthI]q¿-
Æhpw _p≤n]chpamb {]Xntcm[amWv
CØcw sFIythZnIfn¬ \n∂p≠mth-
≠Xv. AX√, A\ykapZmbtØmSp≈
A‘amb shdp∏pw hntZzjhpamWv
CØcw sFIythZnIƒ {]Zm\w sNøp-
∂sX¶n¬ Xo¿®bmbpw AXp kapZm-
bØn\pw cmjv{SØn\pw lm\nIcamtb
`hn°q.
C¥ybnse `mjm{]iv \ ߃°p
]n∂nepw Bcyh¬°cWØns‚ {Zwjv-
SßfmWp≈Xv. ip≤ {ZmhnU `mjbm-
b Xangns\ Bcy`mjbmb kwkvIrX-
Øn¬ ebn∏n°phm≥ \SØnb ImbnI
]cn{ia߃ ]cmPbs∏´nSØv, ka-
\zbsa∂ BcyX{¥w {]tbmKn°m\p-
≈ X{X∏mSpIfmWn∂v \S∂psIm≠n-
cn°p∂Xv. C¥y°p alØmb kmln-
XykrjvSnIsfbpw kmlnXyImc∑m-
scbpw kw`mh\ sNbvX DdpZp `mj-
tbmSp≈ hntcm[Øns‚ thcpIfpw
ÿnXnsNøp∂Xv kh¿Æh¬°cW-
Øn¬ Xs∂bmWv. kwkvIrXØns‚
en]nbmb tZh\mKcnbn¬ FgpXs∏-
2009 Pqsse--
´ncn°p∂ lnµntbm A\p_‘`mjI-
tfm ]Tn°m≥ Ah¿Æ¿°v AhImian-
√mbncp∂ ImeØmWv apkvenw cmPm-
°∑m¿ Ad_n en]nbpw A∂sØ
kwkmc`mjbmbncp∂ lnµpÿm\n-
bpw Iq´nt®¿Øv DdpZp F∂ ]pXnb
`mj \n¿Ωn°pIbpw AXp ]Tn°m≥
kh-¿Æsc t{]m¬kmln∏n°pIbpw
sNbvXXv. DdpZphneqsS hn⁄m\Øn-
s‚ shfn®w ImWm≥ Ign™ Ah-
¿Æ¿ temIsØbpw kwkvImcßtf-
bpw Ipdn®p ]Tn®p. Ahcn¬ ]ecpw ]u-
tcmlnXyØn\pw ASnaØØn\psa-
Xnsc t]mcmSn. h¿Æm{iahyhÿ-bp-
sS hy‡amb \n¿t±i߃s°Xn-
cmbncp∂p CXv. "iq{Z\v ⁄m\w sImSp-
°cpXv' F∂ i¶cI¬]\bpsS {]tbm-
Kw Akm[yam°nbXv DdpZphmWv .
CXmWv DdpZp hntcm[Øns‚ H∂m-
asØ ImcWw. apkvenwIsf kmwkv-
ImcnIambn inYneoIcn°pIsb∂Xv
c≠masØ e£yamWv.
C¥ybnen∂v \ne\n¬°p∂
k¶pNnX tZiobX, h¿KobX, PmXo-
bX, `mjm{`m¥v XpSßnbh ]utcm-
lnXyØns‚bpw ÿm]\aXØn-s‚-
bpw krjv S nbmsW∂pw ChbpsS
ASnÿm\w ssZhhnizmkØnepw
]ctemIt_m[Ønepap≠m°nb
21
If¶ßfmsW∂pw \mw I≠p. k¶pNn-
XXz߃ \ne\n¬°p∂Xv C¥ybn¬
am{Xa√; temIØn¬ Hcp-hn-[-sa√m
{]tZ-ißfnepw Hcp hn[Ønes√¶n¬
as‰mcp hn[Øn¬ k¶pNnXXz߃
\ne\n¬°p∂p. Cdm-°n¬ \njvI-f-¶-
cmb ss]X-߃ D]-tcm[w sIm≠p-
≠mb ]´n-Wn-bm¬ ]nS™pacn-®p-sIm-
≠n-cp-∂-t∏mƒ P\m-[n-]Xy kwÿm-]-
\-sØ-°p-dn®v hmNm-e-cm-b-h¿; t_mkv-
\nbbn¬ apkvenw tNmcsIm≠v \ZnI-
fpw arX-tZ-l-߃sIm≠v Ip∂pIfpw
Xo¿Øh¿; tkmamenbbn¬ ]´nWn-
sIm≠v ]m‰Isft∏mse a\pjy¿ acn-
®p hoWt∏mfpw km{amPyXzØns‚
tkh-\-sØ-°p-dn®v alØmb N¿®-
Iƒ kwLSn∏n®h¿; temIcmjv{Sßfp-
sS apgph≥ t]meokmbn Nabp∂
]m›mXy≥ km{amPyXzw; Ad_v
tZiobXbpsS kwc£I\mbn Na™v
IpsshsØ∂ sIm®pcmjv{SsØ hngp-
ßm≥ {ian®v ]cmPbs∏´h¿; IdpØh-
¿°v kz¥w ]´nIfpsS ÿm\w t]mepw
\¬Im≥ Xømdn√mØ sh≈°m¿;
]ekvXo\nIfpsS `qan IøS°n blq-
Zcmjv { Sw ]Wnbp∂h¿°v ]n¥pW
]mSp∂h¿; Cßs\ t]mIp∂p A¥m-
cmjv{S cwKßfnse k¶pNnXXz߃...
D®\oNXz߃ kz¥w hoSn\IØp
\n∂pXs∂ XpSßp∂p. s]Ænt\mSp≈
AhKW\ DZmlcWw. Ahsf P\n-
°phm≥ t]mepw kΩXn°mØnStØm-
fw \ΩpsS a\ pIƒ achn®pt]mbncn-
°p∂p. "Bw\ntbmsk‚knkpw' "kvIm-
\nwKpw' \SØn K¿`ÿiniphns‚
enwK\n¿Æbw \SØn s]ÆmWv
]nd°m≥ t]mIp∂sX¶n¬ sIm∂pIf-
bm\p≈ hnZybn∂v kpe`amWv. kv{Xo-
[\Øns‚ t]cn¬ s]Æp߃ Poh-
t\msS Zln∏n°s∏Sp∂p. kXnk{ºZm-
bw ho≠pw Db¿sØgpt∂¬°p∂p.
tZhZmkn k{ºZmbhpw Hcp cp]Øne-
s√¶n¬ as‰mcp cq]Øn¬ C¥ybnen-
∂pw \ne\n¬°p∂p. s]Æp ]≈nIfn-
¬ t]mIm≥ ]mSns√∂ ]mXnc hAfp-
Iƒ C∂pw s]mSns]mSn°p∂p. I\y-Im-
XzsØ hn{K-l-h¬°-cn®v kv{XoXz-Øn-
s‚ ]q¿W-amb {]Im-i-\-Øn¬ \n∂v
]mhw s]Æp-ßsf AI‰n \n¿Øn k`-
bpsS ÿm]-\-ß-fpsS \S-Øn-∏n\v B-
°w Iq´p-hm≥ Ahsc NqjWw sNøp-
∂-Xns\ \mw tkh-\-sa∂v Hma-\-t∏-cn-
´n-cn-°p-∂p. adp]pdØv, s]Æns‚ ku-
µcyw hn‰v Imim°p∂ \oNhrØn°v
kaqlhpw cmjv{Shpw ]n¥pW]mSp∂p.
Ahsf ]oUn∏n°p∂p. A¿lamb
AhImi߃ Ahƒ°v hIsh®p-
C\n \mw Nn¥n°pI. IpSpw_{]iv-
\߃ apX¬ A¥mcmjv{S Iel߃
hscbp≈hbpsS ImcWw Alw`mh-
ßfmsW∂v \mw a\ nem°n. Fs‚
cmjv{Sw, Fs‚ {]tZiw, Fs‚ kapZm-
bw, Fs‚ PmXn, Fs‚ h¿Kw, Fs‚
h¿Æw, Fs‚ IpSpw_w, Rm≥ a‰p≈-
htc°mƒ DØa\msW∂pw AXn\v am-
{XamWv bYm¿YØn¬ \ne\n¬°phm-
≥ AhImiap≈Xv F∂pap≈ Nn¥-bm-
Wv Alw`mhw. Cu Nn¥ C√mXm-°p-
∂XneqsS am{Xta kwL´\ßfn¬ \n-
∂pw kv]¿≤bn¬
\n∂pw temIw ap‡-
amhpIbpw a\pjy¿
sFIy- s ∏SpIbpw
sNøq. Cu Nn¥
C√msXbm°phm≥
≠m- ° p∂Xv kzImcy kºØmWv .
AXn\m¬ kzImcykzØv \in∏n°s∏-
SpIbpw kaqlØn¬ s]mXpkzØv F-
∂ k¶¬∏w hf¿∂phcnIbpw thWw.
Rm≥ F∂ t_m[hpw Ft‚Xv F∂
Nn-¥bpw kaqlsa∂ aq¿Øk¶¬∏-
Øn¬ ebn®p tNcWw. Cu XØzw a\p-
jys\∂ \ne°p≈ Ahs‚ khn-ti-
jamb AkvXnXzsØ \ntj[n°p∂p.
Hcp XØzimkv{XØn\pw Alwt_m-
[w \in∏n°m\mhn√. AXpsI≠p X-
s∂ am\htNmZ\s°Xncmbncp∂p am¿-
Ivknkw; AXmWXns‚ ]X\Øn\p-
≈ H∂masØ ImcWw.
A`uXnIamb H∂ns‚bpw AkvXn-
Xzw AwKoIcn°mXncp∂ am¿Ivknkw,
Hcp XcØnep≈ Alw`mhw krjvSn-
°pIbmWv sNbvXXv. a\pjys\bmWv

 Ad_nbmbncp∂p
aplΩZv \_n
]s£, Atd_y≥ tZiobXbpsS
h‡mhmbncp-∂n√. "Ad_n'°v A\d_n-
tb°mƒ bmsXmcp Hu∂Xyhpans√∂p
{]Jym]n® At±lw k¶pNnXtZiobXbpsS
ISbv°mWv IØn sh®ncn°p∂Xv

sImSp°m≥ kaqlhpw cmjv{Shpw ÿm-
]\aXhpsam∂pw Xømd√.
kaqlØns‚ ASnÿm\ t{iWn-
bpambn _‘s∏´ as‰mcp {]iv\amWv
kmºØnI D®\oNXz߃. Al¶mcn-
bm-b ]W°m¿ ASpØ ho´nse ]´n-
Wn-sb Ipdn®v Xosc t_m[hm\m-Ip∂n-
√. ]Ww sIm≠v ]Ww sImøpIsb∂
XØzimkv{XØns‚ {]tbmKØn-em-
Wv Ahs‚ apgph≥ {i≤. ]mhs∏´-h-
s\ NX®c®pw CSn®pIe°nbpw Ac-
®p-IpSn®pt]mepw ]Wap≠m°p∂Xn¬
Ah≥ sXs‰m∂pw ImWp∂n√. kº-
∂-s‚ s]mß®hpw Db¿®bpw ]mh-s∏-
´hcn¬ Akqbbpw sshcmKyhpw hf¿-
Øp∂p. X\n°v Ahkcw e`n°ptºm-
ƒ [\nIt\mSv ]Icwho´Wsa∂ Nn¥
Ahs\ A‘\m°p∂p. [\nIZcn{Z
kwL´\ßfnte°v \bn°p∂Xv Cu
BXy¥nIXIfmWv. CØcw kmº-
ØnI{]iv\-߃ Xs∂-bm-Wt√m C∂v
kmº-ØnI temIsØ {]Xn-k-‘n-bn-
te°v \bn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv.
B¿°m-Wv IgnbpI. `uXnI {]Xy-b-
imkv{X߃°p Ignbp-tam? Cu \q‰m-
≠ns‚ XØzNn¥sb∂v km¿{Xv hnti-
jn∏n® am¿Ivknkw DZm-lcWambn
FSp°pI. `qan°v apIfnep-≈ Hcp hn[-
sa√m {]iv\ßsf Ipdn®pw N¿-® sNøp-
∂ am¿Ivknkw Hcp kºq-¿W-{]Xyb-
imkv{XamWv. F∂n´pw Cu XØz-im-
kv{Xw ]cmPbs∏´p. IΩyq-Wnk-Øn-
s‚ ]dpZokbn¬ P\߃ IΩyqWn-
ksØ Ipgn®paqSn. Zm¿i\nI-Ncn{X-Øn-
s‚ hnimeamb Nh‰psIm-´-bn¬ A\-
¥ib\ØnemWn∂v, am¿Iv-knkw.
am¿IvknkØns‚ ]X\Øn\v H∂n-
e[nIw ImcWßfp≠v. AXv ]Zm¿-Y-
sØ am{XamWv I≠Xv; a\pjys\ I-
≠n√. ]Zm¿YØns‚ k¶enXcq]ß-
fn¬ A¬]w k¶o¿Wamb H∂p am{X-
amWv am¿IvknÃv ho£WØn¬ a\p-
jy≥. a\pjy\nse k¶pNnXXz߃
C√msXbm°Wsa¶n¬ Rm≥ F∂
t_m[w Xs∂ C√msXbm°Wsa∂m-
Wv AXv kn≤m¥n®Xv. Alwt_m[ap-
{]]©Ønse D∂Xi‡nbmbn {]Xn-
jvTn®Xv. a\pjy\v apIfn¬ Bcpan√.
am¿Ivkns‚bpw GwK¬kns‚bpw Kpcp-
hmb epUvhnwKv t^mb¿_m°v Xs‚
"Fs ≥kv Hm^v {Inkv‰ym\n‰n' F∂
]pkvXIØn¬ "a\pjy\mWv {]]©-
Ønse ssZhw' F∂p ka¿Yn°p∂p-
≠v. Cu Nn¥ Alw`mhw hf¿Øn.
Ãmen\pIƒ krjvSn°s∏´sXßs\-
bmWv, Ah¿ {Iqc∑mcmbXv kzm`mhn-
Iw am{Xw. Cu {IqcXIƒ t]mepw a\p-
jysc sFIys∏SpØp∂Xn\m-sW∂v
hymJym\n°s∏´XmWv hnNn{Xam-bn-
´p≈Xv.
am¿IvknkØns‚ ]X\tØmS\p-
_‘n®v , C¥ybnse NphcpIfn¬
{]Xy£s∏´ "am¿IvknkØn¬ \n∂pw
am\hZ¿i\Ønte°v' F∂ ap{Zmhm-
IyØn¬ h√ Igºpapt≠m? ]camflm-
hns‚ AwiamWv Pohmflmsh∂
AssZzXZ¿i\w B¥cnIamb ]mckv-
]cyØnte°pw XZzmc am\h sFIy-
Ønte°pamWv \bn°p∂sX∂pw

2009 Pqsse-- 22
AXn\m¬ am\hcminsb \bn°m≥
AssZzX Nn¥mKXn°pam{Xta km[n-
°pIbp≈qsh∂pamWv Cu ap{ZhmIyw
A¿∞am°p∂sX∂pamWv hymJym\n-
°s∏´Xv . AssZzXmNmcy\mb {io
i¶cs‚ IrXnIfneqsS IS∂pt]mbm-
¬ Cu AhImi hmZßfnsem∂pw bm-
sXmcp Igºpans√∂v a\ nemIpw.
h¿Æm{iahyhÿbpsS kwÿm-]\-
Øn\v i‡ambn {ian® {io i¶c≥
iq{Z]oU\ßsf t{]m¬kmln∏n®bm-
fmWv. Xs‚ {_“kq{X `mjyØn¬
"iq{Z≥ thZw D®cn®m¬ \mhv AdpØp
th¿s∏SpØWw. thZw tI´m¬ ImXn-
¬ Cubw Dcp°n Hgn°Ww. thZa{¥-
߃ D®cn®m¬ sIm√Ww. iq{Z\v ⁄m-
\w sImSp°cpXv.' F∂pw a‰pw Ak∂n-
KvZambn I¬∏n® {ioi¶cmNmcycpsS
AssZzXZ¿i\amWv "am\hZ¿i\'am-
bn AhXcn∏n°s∏Sp∂Xv. tjmh\n-
kØns‚ am\hnIk¶¬∏Øn¬ kh-
¿Æ¿ am{Xta Dƒs°m≈p∂p≈qsh∂v
kmcw.
\mw Ncn{Xw ]cntim[n°pI. k¶p-
NnXXzßfn¬ \n∂pw ap‡ambn kln-
jv W pXtbmsS P\w Ign™ncp∂
GsX-¶nepsamcp kapZmbw Ncn{XØn-
ep≠mbn´pt≠m? F¶n¬ B kapZmb-
Øns‚ ASnÿm\Z¿i\sa¥mbn-cp-
∂p? P\߃ XΩn¬ X√nbncp∂
]ucmWnIImeØv a\pjysc H∂n∏n-
°phm≥ GIssZhhnizmkØn\p
km[n®ncp∂psh∂mWv {]K¬` Ncn{X
Zm¿i\nI\mb tKm¿U≥ ssN¬Uv
]dbp∂Xv. GIssZhØn¬ a\pjysc-
√mw hnizkn°p∂ Hchÿ kwPmXam-
bt∏mƒ kzm`mhnIambpw B¥cnI]m-
ckv]cyhpw sFIyhpw kmtlmZcyhp-
ap≠mbnsb∂mWv At±lw Xs‚ "hm´v
lm∏≥Uv C≥ lnÃdn' F∂ ]pkvXI-
Øn¬ ka¿Yn°p∂Xv. ImSØw hn´pam-
dnbncp∂n√mØ {]mIrX a\pjys\
H∂n∏n°m\pw ktlmZc∑mcm°m\pw
GIssZhhnizmkØn\p km[n®p-sh-
¶n¬, ImSØØnte°v Xncn®pt]mbn-
s°m≠ncn°p∂ B[p\nI a\pjys\-
bpw sFIys∏SpØm\pw klnjvWpX
]Tn∏n°m\pw GIssZh hnizmkØn-
\p am{Xta Ignbq.
GIssZhhnizmkap]tbmKn®psIm-
≠mWv {]hmNI∑m¿ a\pjysc H∂n∏n-
®Xv. temI{kjvSmhpw Hcp i‡nbpap-
2009 Pqsse--
s≠∂ tIhe hnizmka√. {]XypX B
i‡nIƒ°p am{Xta Bcm[\If¿∏n-
°p∂psh∂ {]Jym]\w IqSnbmWv
GIssZh hnizmkwsIm≠v A¿Yam-
°p∂Xv. tamsi {]hmNI≥ ]d™p
"C{kmbose tIƒ° \ΩpsS ssZh-am-
b I¿Ømhv GI I¿Ømhv' GI\mb
I¿Ømhns\ am{Xw Bcm[n°m≥ ]mSp-
≈psh∂ XØzw hfsc i‡ambn X-
s∂ ]Tn∏n® {]hmNI\mWv tbip. A-
t±-lw ]d™Xmbn aØmbn D≤cn°p-
∂p. "\ns‚ I¿Ømhns\ \akvIcn®v
Ahs\ am{Xta Bcm[n°mhq.' (4:10)
BcymKa\Øn\papºv C¥ybn¬
\ne\n∂ncp∂Xv GIssZhhnizmkam-
bncp∂psh∂Xn\v hy‡amb sXfnhp-
Ifp≠v. thZßfnse Nne {]m¿Y\I-fpw
D]\njZvkq‡ßfpw C°mcyw hy‡-
am°p∂p. H-cp- E-tKz-Zk - qIvXw- t\m-°pI:-
ln-c-Wy-K¿-`x- k-a-h¿-Ø- Xm-t{K-
`q-X-ky- Pm-Xx- ]-cn-tX-I- B-kn-Xv-
k-Zm-[m-c- ]r-Yn-how,- Zym-ap- tX-amw-
I-kv-ssa- tZ-hm-b- l-hn-jm- hn-t[-a.-
(B-Zn-bn¬- ln-c-Wy-K-¿-`≥- am-{X-ta-
D-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-≈q.-- A-h-\mWv- k-I-e- `p-
h-\ß - f - p-sS-bpw- A-[o-im-[n-Im-cn.- A-h≥-
`q-an-sb-bpw- kz¿ K-sØ-bpw- A-X-Xp- kv-
Ym-\ß - f - n¬- kvY - m-]n-®p.- A-h\ - n¬-\n-∂m-
Wv- k¿-h- N-cm-N-c-ß-fp-ap-≠m-b-Xv.- tem-
Iw- ap-gp-h-≥- A-h-s≥-d- I¬]\-Iƒ-- A-
\p-kc - n-°p-∂p.- A-Xn-\m¬- A-h\ - p- am-{Xw-
l-hn- ¿-∏n-°pI)- (E-tKz-Zw- 10:121:1)
Nne D]\njØpIƒ _lpssZhm-
cm[\sb Xpds∂Xn¿°p∂p≠v.
\- X-ky- I-iN -v n-X-v ]-Xn¿- A-kX -v n- temtI-
\- tN-in-Xm- ss\-h- N- X-ky- enw-Kw-
\- Im-c-Ww- I-c-Wm-[n- ]m-[n-t]m-
\- Nmky- I-iN -v n-X-v P-\n-Xm- \- Nm-[n]x-
(A-h-\p- Xp-ey-am-bn- tem-I-Øn-emcp-
an-√.- A-hn-St- Øm-Sv- B-PvRm-]n-°m≥- B-
cp-an-√.- A-hn-S-tØ-°v- Zr-iy-am-b- A-S-bm-
f-hp-an-√.- k¿-h-Øn-s≥-d-bpw- Im-c-W-I-¿-
Øm-hm-b- A-h-\v- Im-c-W-°m-c-\m-bn-
Bcp-an-√.- A-hnS-tØ-°v- P-\-bn-Xm-th-m-
A-[n-]-Xn-tbm- B-bn- Bcp-an-√)- (tiz-X-
i-X-tcm-]-\n-j-Ø- v- 6:-5)-
\- X-{X- kq-tcym- `m-Xn- \- N-{µ- Xm-cI
t\-am- hn-Zyp-tXm- `m-¥n- IptXm-- b-aK
X-ta-h- `m-¥w- A-\p-`m-Xn- k¿-hw-
X-ky- `m-km- k¿-hw- C-Zw- hn-`m-Xn-
(A-hn-sS- ]-c-{_-lv-a-Øn-\p- ap-∂n¬-
23
kq-cy- t- \m- N-{µ-t\m- \-£{X-ßt- fm- {]Im-
in-°p-∂n-√;- C-Sn-an-∂¬- t]m-epw- A-hn-S-
sØ- ap-ºn¬- \n-jv-{]-`-am-Wv.- ]n-s∂- Cu-
A-Kv-\n- F-hn-sS?- k-z-bw-{]-Im-i-am-b- A-
hn-Ss- Ø- {]-Im-iØ - m-em-Wv- k¿-hX - pw- {]-
Im-in-°p∂-Xv-;- k¿h-Xn-s≥-d-bpw- {]-Im-
iw- A-hn-Ss - Ø- {]-Im-iw-Xs - ∂-bm-W)v- - (ap-
Wv-U-tIm-]\n-j-Øv- 2:-2:-11)-
A-i-co-cw- i-co-tc-jz-\- h-kv-tY-jy-
h-kv-Yn-Xw-
a-lm-¥w- hn-`p-am-Xva- m-\w- a-Xzm- [o-tcm-
\-tim-N-Xn-
\-m-b- am-Xv-am- {]-h-N-t\-\- e-t`ym- \-
ta-[-bm- \-_-lp-\m-{ip-tX\-
b-ta-ssh-j- hr-Wp-tX- tX-\- e-`y-
(B- ]-cam-Xv-am-hv- A-kv-Yn-c-\pw- i-co-
c-ap-s≠-¶n-epw- hn-tZ-l\ - pw- A-N©- e - \
- pw-
a-lm-\p-am-Ip-∂p.- B- ]-c-am-Xv-am-hn-s\-∏-
‰n- A-dn-bp∂- Pv-Rm-\n- H-cn-°-epw- tim-
Im-Xp-c-\m-hp-∂n-√.- B- ]-c-am-Xv-am-hv- hm-
°n-\pw- Im-Xn-\pw- _p-≤n-°pw- A-{]m-]y-
am-Wv.- F-∂m¬-,- B-cp-sS ta¬- A-h-\v-
Ir-]-bp-t≠m,- A-h-\v- B- `m-Kyw- e-`n-°p-
∂p.- F-s¥∂m¬,- A-h¿- Ir-]m-]m-{X-
Øn¬- am-{X-ta- kz--bw- {]-Xy-£-s∏-Sp-I-
bp-≈q-)- (I-tTm-]-\n-j-Øv- 1:-2:-22,-23)
A‘wXa {]hni¥ntb
kw`qXn ap]mktX
Xtbm `qb ChtX
Xtam bXp kw`qXymw cX:
(\izcßfmb tZh ]nXr am\hmZn-
Isf D]mkn°p∂h≥ A⁄m\am-Ip-
∂ tLmcm‘ImcØn¬ ]Xn°p∂p.
A\izc\mb ]camflmhns\ Ipdn®v
anYym`nam\tØmSpIqSnbncn°p∂h\pw
tLmcm‘ImcØn¬ Xs∂ ]Xn°p∂p)
(Cuimhmtkym]\njØv: 12)
hn{Klßsftbm ihIpSocßsf-
tbm hymPssZhßsftbm Bcm[n°p-
hm≥ ]mSns√∂pw ]camflmhv AYhm
]c{_“w am{XamWv Bcm[\°¿l-
s\∂pw ]Tn∏n® D]\njØpIf\p-kcn-
®v `mcXob¿ Pohn°p∂ ImeØv Chn-
sS klnjvWpXbpw kmtlmZcyhpw
\ne-\n∂ncp∂p. PmXobXbpw h¿Kob-
Xbpw hf¿Øp∂Xn\pth≠n Bcy∑m¿
- w- sNbvXXv GIssZh hnizmksØ \in-
- \v nx- ∏n°pIbpw ]ctemIt_m[sØ am‰n-
adn°pIbpambncp∂psh∂v \mw apºv
a\- nem°nbn´p≠v.
{InkvXphns‚ hy‡amb I¬∏-
\Iƒs°Xncmb, {Inkv X phns\bpw
I\ymadnbtØbpw Bcm[n°p∂ ss{I-
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Iƒ°p hncp≤ambn cmat\bpw IrjvW-
t\bpw inhenwKtØbpw Xpfkns®Sn-
tbbpw Bcm[n°p∂ sslµhZ¿i\-
Ønt\m a\pjysc sFIys∏SpØm\m-
hns√∂pd∏mWv.
]q¿Wamb A¿YØn¬ GIssZh-
hnizmkw \ne\n¬°p∂Xv C∂v Ckv-
eman¬ am{XamWv. t\mlbpw A{_lm-
apw ZmhoZpw tbiphpw `mcXob {]hmN-
I∑mcpsa√mw {]t_m[\w sNbvX al-
Ømb aXØns‚ t]cmWv Ckvemw.
hpw ]nXm°∑mcpsS t]cnep≈ s]cpa
\Sn°epw Ahkm\n∏n®ncn°p∂p'-
sh∂mbncp∂p.
aplΩZv \_n  shfpØbmfmbn-
cp∂p. ]s£, IdpØhtcmSv At±lw
hnthN\w ImWn®n√. IdpØhcn¬
IdpØh\mb _nemembncp∂p At±-
lØns‚ G‰hpw ASpØ ktlmZc-
∑mcnsemcmƒ. CkvemanI N-cn-{XØn-
se G‰hpw henb hnPbamb a°mhnP-
bØns‚ {]Jym]\w \SØm≥ At±-
lw \ntbmKn®Xv _nemens\bmbn-
cp∂p.
aplΩZv \_n apkvenambncp∂p.
_°dpw IdpØh\mb _nemepap≠v.
DSabmb A_qkp^vbm\pw ASnabmb
bmkndpap≠v. Jpssdinbmb JmenZpw
Jpssdinb√mØ sskZpap≠v. JZoP-
bpw, Bbnibpw, AkvamDsa√map≠v.
Ah¿ XΩn¬ bmsXmcp hnthN\hp-
an√. AhcpsS a\ n¬ Ip´nssZhß-
tfm I≈ssZhßtfm C√. GI\mb
{kjvSmhn\p ap∂n¬ am{XamWv Ah¿
kmjvSmwKw sNøp∂Xv. hcnhcnbmbn
\n∂v Hcp t\Xmhn\p Iogn¬ \S°p∂
\akvImcØn¬ Dadn\SpØv Dssadpw
A_q_°dn\SpØv _nemepambncn-
°pw \n¬°p∂Xv. Ah¿ XΩn¬ sXm-

P\߃ XΩn¬ X√nbncp∂ ]ucmWnI

ImeØv a\pjysc H∂n∏n°phm≥
GIssZhhnizmkØn\p km[n®ncp∂psh-
∂mWv {]K¬` Ncn{X Zm¿i\nI-\mb
tKm¿U≥ ssN¬Uv ]dbp∂Xv.
GIssZhØn¬ a\pjysc√mw hnizkn-
°p∂ Hchÿ kwPmXambt∏mƒ kzm`m-
hnIambpw B¥cnI ]mckv]cyhpw
sFIyhpw kmtlmZcyhpap≠mbnsb
∂mWv At±lw ka¿Yn°p∂Xv

A¥y{]hmNI\mb aplΩZv \_n  ]s£, apkvenambn F∂Xns‚ t]cn¬ ´pIqSmbvabn√; Xo≠n°qSmbvabn√;

Cu {]hmNI∑mcpsS apgph≥ ]n≥Km-
anbmWv. At±lØns‚ PohnXw \ap-
°p ap∂n¬ Xpd∂psh°s∏´ncn°p∂p.
Ncn{XImeØv Pohn® {]hmNIs‚
PohnXØn¬ \n∂p am{Xta GIssZh-
hnizmkw a\pjysc Fßns\bmWv
sFIys∏SpØnbsX∂v a\ nemhq.
aplΩZv \_n  Ad_nbmbncp∂p:
]s£, Atd_y≥ tZiobXbpsS
h‡mhmbncp∂n√. "Ad_n'°v A\d-
_ntb°mƒ bmsXmcp Hu∂Xyhpan-
s√∂p {]Jym]n® At±lw k¶pNnX
tZiobXbpsS ISbv°mWv IØn sh®n-
cn°p∂Xv.
aplΩZv \_n  Jpssdinbmbncp-
∂p: ]£, tKm{XalnabpsS t]cn¬
At±lw Fs¥¶nepw AhImis∏´ncp-
∂n√. a°mhnPbØns‚ kabØv
hnip≤ IAv _ mebØn\p ap∂n¬
\n∂v {]hmNI≥ {]Jym]n®Xv "A√m-
lp \nßfpsS ]gb s]mß®{]IS\-
am{Xw At±lw BcpsSbpw sX‰pIsf
\ymboIcn°pItbm AapkvenwIƒ°v
\oXn \ntj[n°pItbm sNbv X n√.
At±-lw ]d™p "Fs‚ aIƒ ^mØna
Ifhp \SØnbm¬ AhfpsS ssIIƒ
Rm≥ tOZn°pw' kapZmbnI k¶pNnX-
XzØn\v At±lw ]q¿Wambpw FXncm-
bncp∂p.
aplΩZv \_n ]pcpj\mbncp∂p.
]s£, kv{XoItfmSv At±lw hnth-
N\w ImWn®n√. kv{XoIƒ°v _m[yX-
Isft∏mse Xs∂ AhImißfpap-
s≠∂mbncp∂p At±lØns‚ A[ym-
]\w. kIehn[ kv{Xo]oU\߃°p-
saXnsc i‡ambn i_vZn® alm\mb
hnπhImcnbmbncp∂p At±lw.
aplΩZv \_nbpsS A\pbmbnhr-
µsØ t\m°pI. AhnsS ]W°mc\m-
b Dkvam\pw ]Wn°mc\mb Dssadpap-
≠v. Ad_nbmb Dadpw A\d_nbmb
k¬am\pap≠v. shfpØh\mb A_q-
AbnØan√; k¶pNnXXzßsfm∂pan√.
Ahsc√mhcpw Bflm¿Yambn GI-
ssZhtØmSv {]m¿Yn°p∂p. Hcpan®v Hcp-
t]mse s\©Øp ssIIƒ sh®p-sIm-
≠v, Ah∂p ap∂n¬ kmjvSmwKw sNbv-
XpsIm≠v... Ah¿ XΩn¬ kv]¿≤bn√,
hnthN\an√, k¶pNnXXzßfn√. Ah-
cpsS a¬kcw Hscm‰ e£yØn\p th-
≠nbmbncp∂p; k¬I¿Ω߃ IqSpX-
¬ sNbvXv GIssZhØm¬ BZcn°-
s∏Sp∂hcn¬ ap≥]¥nbnseØphm≥
th≠nam{Xw.
Ckvemw Cu cq-]Ønep≈ sFIyw
km[n®Xv AXns‚ ssZhk¶¬∏Øn-
eqsS-bpw {]]© k¶¬∏Øneq-sSbp-
amWv. Cu {]]©sØ ]S®v ]cn]men-
∏n°p∂ i‡n GI\mWv. Aht\mSv
am{Xta a\pjy≥ Bcm[\If¿∏n°p-
hm≥ ]mSp≈q. a\pjyt\°mƒ D∂X-
\mb Hcp i‡nbps≠∂ t_m[w Ah-
\nse Alw`mhßsf√mw XI¿°p∂p.

2009 Pqsse-- 24
shfpØhs\bpw IdpØhs\bpw kh-
¿Æs\bpw Ah¿Æs\bpw hyXykvX
\m´pIscbpw `mj°mscbpsa√mw kr-
jv-Sn®Xv GI\mb {kjvSmhmsW∂p
hcptºmƒ Ah¿ XΩnep≈ hnthN\-
߃ A{]k‡ambn amdp∂p. alØm-
b B i‡n°p ap∂n¬ a\pjy\S°ap-
≈ NcmNcßsf√mw \n mcamsW∂v
hcptºmƒ "Ft‚XmWv henbXv' F∂
Alw`mhw A{]k‡amhp∂p. Ah-
∂p ap∂n¬ am{Xw sNøp∂ kmjvSmw-
Kw "Alw`mh'ßsfsb√mw \in∏n°p-
∂p. AhnsS {kjvSmhpw krjvSnIfpw
am{Xw.
a\pjysc XΩneSn∏n°pIbpw `n∂n-
∏n°pIbpw sNøp∂Xn\pth≠n ]u-
tcm-lnXyw ]S®XmWv ]e hymPssZh-
ßtfbpsa∂v ImWm\mhpw. ssZhßfp-
sSbpw a\pjycpsSbpw CSbn¬ a[yh¿-
ØnIfmbn Na™v NqjWw sNøpI-
bm-bncp∂p ]utcmlnXyØns‚ e-£yw.
inh\mWv k¿∆i‡s\∂v hmZn®
ssih∑mcpw hnjvWphmWv ssZhßfn-
¬ {][m\nsb∂v hmin]nSn® sshjvW-
h∑mcpw XΩn¬ a[yImeØp \S∂
c‡-cq£nX Iem]ßfn¬ \mbIXzw
hln®Xv ]ptcmlnX∑mcmbncp∂p. ]Xn-
\m-bnc߃ sImesNøs∏´ {]kvXpX
kwL´\߃ sIm≠v t\´ap≠m°nb-
Xpw ]ptcmlnX∑m¿ Xs∂. Ckvemw ssZ-
hØn\pw a\pjy¿°panSbn¬ bmsXm-
cp hn[ a[yh¿ØnIsfbpa\phZn°p-
∂n√. GIssZhØns‚ i‡n, {]]©w
apgph\pw hym]n®p InS°p∂psh∂pw
a\pjycpsS IWvT\mfntb°mƒ kao]-
ÿ\mWv Ahs\∂pamWv Ckvemw
]Tn∏n°p∂Xv. Ah\nte°v ASp°phm-
≥ CSbmfs‚tbm ip]m¿iIs‚tbm
Bhiyan√. Ah≥ IcpWm\n[nbpw
]ca-ImcpWnI\pamWv. Xs‚ ASnabp-
sS {]m¿Y\°v DØcw \¬Ip∂ Zbm-
ephmWh≥. B¿°pw Aht\mSv t\cn´v
{]m¿Yn°mw. klmbßf`y¿Yn°mw.
]utcmlnXyw Ckvemanensöp am{X-
a√, AXns\ {]mtbmKnIambn \in∏n-
°m≥ t]m∂XmWv Ckvemans‚ A[ym-
]\߃. ssZhØns‚bpw aXØns‚-
bpw t]cn¬ Ncn{XmXoXImew apX¬-
°p Xs∂ \ne\n∂ncp∂ NqjWß-
ƒ°p AdpXn hcpØpIbmWv ]utcm-
lnXy\ntj[ØneqsS Ckvemw sNbv-
XXv.
2009 Pqsse--
Ckvemans‚ {]]©k¶¬∏w a\p-
jysc DØchmZnØt_m[ap≈h\pw
A`nam\nbpam°n am‰p∂p. {]]©w,
{_“mhn\p ]‰nb Hcp A_≤Øm¬
krjv S n°s∏´XmsW∂ ]pcmWk-
¶¬∏hpw ambbpw anYybpamsW∂
AssZzXmibhpw, ]m]kºq¿Wam-
sW∂ ss{IkvXhho£Whpw Ckvem-
an\v A\yamWv. {]]©w ssZhØns‚
krjvSnbmWv. krjvSn°p]n∂n¬ k¿∆-
i‡\p alØmb Nne e£yßfp≠v.
a\pjy\mWv krjvSnIfn¬ G‰hpw
DØa≥. Nn¥mtijnbpw hnthN\ioe-
hpap≈ GIPohn a\pjy\mWv. Cu
`qanbneps≈sX√mw a\pjy¿°p th-
≠n ]S°s∏´XmW;v kzX{¥amb ssI-
ImcyI¿ØrXzØn\pw. a\pjycpsS
Ignhv ssZhØns‚ {]tXyIamb Zm\-
amWv. Cu Ignhv krjvSn]cambn hn\n-
tbmKn°s∏tS≠Xv a\pjycpsS I¿Ø-
hyamWv. AXn\h¿ ssZhnI am¿K\n¿-
tZißsf A\pkcn°Ww. A√mØ
]£w AXv hy‡nbpsSbpw kaqlØn-
s‚bpw \miØnemWv Iemin°pI.
{]]©Ønse DØakrjv S nbmWv
Xms\∂ t_m[w a\pjycn¬ Bflm¿-
YXbpw A`nam\hpw DØchmZnØz-
t_m[hpw hf¿Øp∂p. ssZhnI am¿K-
\n¿t±ißf\pkcn®p≈ PohnXw Ah-
s\ hnaeoIcn°p∂p.
a\pjy\nse "Rm≥'F∂ t_m[w
\in∏n°m≥ Ckvemw {ian°p∂n√. F-
s‚ IpSpw_w, Fs‚ cmjv{Sw, Fs‚
kº-Øv XpSßnb t_m[߃ Hcp ]cn-
[n hsc BhiyamsW∂mWv Ckveman-
s‚ ]£w. AhbpsS e£yw tIhew
Xncn®dnhpIƒ am{XamIWw. Ah
k¶pNnXhpw {]Xntema]chpambn-°q-
Sm a\pjy¿ XΩnep≈ sFIyØnt‚-
bpw th¿Xncnhns‚bpw taJeIsf Jp¿-
B≥ hy‡ambn \n¿hNn°p∂p≠v.
""tl a\pjysc, \nßsf Rm≥
krjvS- n®Xv Hcp ]pcpj\n¬ \n∂pw Hcp
kv{Xobn¬ \n∂pamWv. \nßsf tKm{X-
ßfpw h¿Kßfpam°n Xncn®ncn°p∂Xv
]ckv]cw a\ nem°p∂Xn\p th≠n-
bmWv. \nßfn¬ \n∂p ssZhØn¶¬
G‰hpw BZcWob≥ \nßfn¬ G‰hpw
[¿ΩnjvTbp≈h≥ Xs∂bmbncn°pw.''
ChnsS tKm{XØns‚tbm h¿KØns‚-
tbm AkvXnXzw Jp¿B≥ \ntj[n°p-
∂n√. AhbpsS e£yw ]ckv]cap≈
25
a\ nem°epIƒ am{XamhWw. s]m-
ß® {]IS\hpw Alw`mhhpambn°q-
Smsb∂p \njvI¿jn°pIbmWv sNøp-
∂Xv.
Hscm‰ amXm]nXm°fpsS a°fmWv
a\pjysc√mw F∂ Jp¿B\ns‚ A-
[ym]\hpw a\pjy¿ XΩnep≈ AI¬-
® Ipd°p∂p. Ahsc ]ckv]cw ktlm-
Zco ktlmZc∑mcm°n am‰p∂p. Hscm‰
amXm]nXm°fpsS a°fmWv a\pjysc-
√mw F∂ kpµcamb krjvSnk¶¬∏-
Øn\p]Icambn `uXnIhmZnIƒ°v
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Wv. shfpØ Bcy∑m¿ bYm¿Y a\pjy-
cpw IdpØ Gjy°m¿ ]cnWmaØnse
\nIrjvSPohnIfpamsW∂v \mknIƒ
{]Ncn∏n®Xv Cu ]cnWmahmZØns‚
ASnÿm\Øn¬ \n∂psIm≠mbncp-
∂p. Ckvemans‚ kmtlmZcy k¶¬∏-
Øn-s‚ ASnÿm\w "\n›bw \nßfp-
sS ssZhw H∂v; \nßfpsSsb√mw ]nXm-
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F∂ {]hmNIhN\Øn¬ \n∂p hy-
‡ambn a\ nemhp∂p≠v.
GIssZhhnizmkØne[njvTnXamb
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bq. apºp≈ kaqlßfnteXp t]mse
Xs∂ ]utcmlnXyhpw \m´mNmcßfpw
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kapZmbhpw hnt[bambn´ps≠¶n¬
AXn\p ImcWw Ah¿ XuloZn¬ \n-
∂pw {]hmNI{]t_m[\ßfn¬ \n-
∂pw hyXnNen®XmWv. a\pjycminsb
apgph≥ sFIyØnte°p £Wn°p-
tºmƒ {]Yaambn ihIpSocmcm[\-bn-
epw hocmcm[\bnepw apgpIn InS-°p∂
kzkapZmbsØ sFIyØns‚ ]mŸm-
hnte°v sIm≠phcnIsb∂ NpaXe
\n¿∆ln°s∏tS≠Xp≠v. kapZmbØn-
s‚bpw kaqlØns‚bpw sFIyØn-
\mhiyw ssZhnIamb ]miw apdpsI
]nSn°pIbmWv. If¶a‰ ssZhnI {KŸ-
hpw {]hmNINcybpamWv ssZhnI]m-iw
sIm≠p hnh£n°p∂Xv. hnip≤ Jp¿-
B\pw Xncpkp∂Øpw ]n¥pScp∂Xn-
eqsS am{Xta bYm¿YØnep≈ sF-Iyw
km[yamhq, AXn\v k¿∆i‡≥ XpW-
°s´. Bao≥.
 z Ip-cn-ip-a-c-Ww-:- ss_-_n-f-n-s‚- \n-e-]m-S-t√- i-cn-?-
z C-kv-e-m-an-I-{]-am-W-hpw- ap-kv-enw- sF-Iy-hpw-
z B-Z-an-\v- am-∏v- sIm-Sp-Ø-Xn-\p- ti-j-hpw- in-£-tbm?-

Iq-Sn-°m-gv-N-

? 136 ss__nƒhN-\-߃ sIm≠v kXy-s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏´ tbip-hns‚ Ipcn-ip-a-cWw Htc-sbmcp Jp¿-B-\n-I-h-N\w

am{Xw sXfn-hm°n \ntj-[n-°p-∂Xv A‘-amb ]£-]m-XnXzw sIm≠s√? \nkm-Av F∂ A[ym-b-Ønse
{]kvXpX Jp¿B\nIhN-\a
\n¬°p-∂-Xp-amWpXm-\pw.
- m-sW-¶n¬ A¿t≤m-‡n-bn¬ Ah-km-\n-°p-∂Xpw Gsd hymJym-\k
- m-[y-XI
- ƒ \ne-

ss__nƒhN-\-߃ ssZhw tbip-
{In-kvXp-thmSv kwkm-cn® hm°p-Itfm
tbip-{InkvXp injy-∑m-tcmSv kwkm-
cn® hm°p-It- fm BsW∂v ss{IkvXh-
]fin-X∑ - m¿ \mfn-Xp-hsc Jfin-Xa - mb
sXfn-hp-I-fpsS ]n≥_-e-tØmsS ka¿-
Yn-®n-´n-√. Ch¿ Xs∂ ss__nƒ ]pXn-
b\nba]pkv X - I - ß - f n¬ hy‡- a mbn
tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≈Xv aØm-bn, a¿-
t°m-kv, eqt°m-kv, tbml-∂m≥ F∂n-
h¿ Fgp-Xnb ]pkvXI - ß- f
- mWv Ah-sb-
∂m-Wv tbip-{In-kvXp-hns‚ hwim-hen
Dƒs]sS Cu ]pkvX-I-ß-fn¬ tcJ-s∏-
Sp-Øn-bn-´p≈ ]eImcy-ß-fnepw hy‡-
amb sshcp[yw ImWm≥Ign-bp-∂X - n-\m-
¬ Ah-sb√mw Hcp-t]mse kXy-am-Im≥
bmsXmcp km[y-X-bp-an-√.
tbip-{In-kvXpsh P\-߃ sIm√pI-
tbm {Iqin-°p-Itbm sNbvXn-´n-s√∂v
hnip≤Jp¿-B-\n¬ kwi-b-Øn-\n-S-bn-
2009 Pqsse--
˛ tPmjn, sh‰n-e-∏md
√m-Øh - n[w hy‡-am-°n-bn-´p-≠v. ""A√m- X-ambn sXfn-bn-°p-∂-h-bm-Wv.
lp-hns‚ ZqX-\mb a¿b-ans‚ aI≥ Ipcn-ip-a-cWw ss__n-fn¬ F{X-am-
akolv Cukmsb R߃ sIm∂n-cn- {Xw kq‡-ßf - n¬ kXy-s∏-Sp-Øn-bmepw
°p∂p F∂v Ah¿ ]d-™-Xn-\mepw Imcy-an-√. Imc-Ww, ss__n-fn-ep≈
(Ah¿ i]n-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p.) hmkvX- hmIy-߃ ssZh-Øns‚ hm°p-I-tfm,
h-Øn¬ At±-lsØ Ah¿ sIme-s∏- ssZh-Zq-Xs‚ hm°p-Itfm BsW-∂-Xn-
Sp-Øn-bn-´n-√; {Iqin-®n-´p-an-√. ]s£ \v Jfin-X-amb bmsXmcp sXfn-hp-an-√.
(bmYm¿Yyw) Ah¿°v Xncn-®-dn-bm-Xm-
{Iqio-Ic- Ww \S-∂p-sh-∂v ]d-™n-´p≈
hp- I - b m- W p- ≠ m- b - X v . At±- l - Ø ns‚
Znhkw AhnsS `mKn-I-ambn Ccp-´m-bn-
(Cukm-bp-sS) Imcy-Øn¬ `n∂n-®-h¿
cp-∂p-sh-∂mWv Nne ss__nƒ hmIy-
AXn-s\-∏‰n kwi-b-Øn¬X-s∂-bm-Ip-
ß-fn¬\n∂v a\- n-em-°m-hp-∂-Xv. Jp¿-
∂p. Dulm-t]m-lsØ ]n¥p-Sc - p-∂X
- √
- m-
B\n¬ ]d-™-Xvt]mse A∂v \S-∂-
sX Ah¿°v A°m- c y- s Ø- ° p- d n®v
sX¥msW∂v P\-߃°v Xncn-®-dn-bm-
bmsXm--cd - n-hp-an-√. Dd-∏mbpw At±-lsØ
Xm-Im-\p≈ km[y-X-bmWv CXn¬\n∂v
Ah¿ sIme-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´n-√. {]Xyp-X,
At±- l sØ A√mlp Ah- ¶ - t e°v hy‡-am-Ip-∂-Xv. hnip-≤-Jp¿-B-\nse
Db¿Øp-I-bmWv sNbvX-Xv. A√mlp At\Iw kq‡-ßf - n¬ AXv km£m¬
{]Xm-]nbpw bp‡n-am-\p- am-Ip-∂p.'' (4:-157, temIc-£n-Xmhv Ah-Xc - n-∏n-®Xm-sW∂v
158) Cu kq‡-߃ A¿t≤m-‡n-bn¬ hy‡am-°n-bn-´p-≠v.
Ah-km-\n-®-h-b-√. kXyw kwi-bm-Xo-
26
 Ckvemans‚ "BibZrV-X°v' ImcWw Jp¿-B\pw lZo-Yp-am-Ip∂ AXns‚ {]am-W-ß-fn¬ t`Z-KXn hcp-Øm-

? Ø-Xp-sIm-≠mWv F∂mWv ]d-bm-dp-≈-Xv. F∂m¬ Cu c≠v {]am-W-ß-fn¬ Dd®p hniz-kn-°p∂ hyXykvX

apk-venwkwL-S-\-I-fn¬ hnizm-k-Im-cy-ß-fn¬ t]mepw ISpØ hyXn-bm-\-߃ \ne-\n¬°p-∂-Xm-bpw, ]c-kv]-
c-hn-a¿i-\-߃ \S-°p-∂-Xmbpw I≠p-h-cp-∂p. sX‰p]‰mØ {]am-W-ß-fm-sW-¶n¬ tIhew Ch¿°n-S-bn-se-
¶nepw sFIyw ImtW-≠-Xs√?
˛a[p-]m¬, Ccn-©nbw
\mw Znh-tk\ hmbn-°p∂ Zn\-]-{X- ∂Xv hmb-\-°m-cpsS ssZ\w-Zn\ A\p- \S-]Sn{Ia-sa∂v ]e Jp¿-B≥ kq‡-
ß-fpsS Imcyw tNmZy-I¿Ømhv Nn¥n- `-ha
- m-Wv. ssZhnIhN-\ß
- s
- fbpw \n£n- ßfn¬\n∂pw {Kln-°mw. F√m-hs- cbpw
®p t\m°n-bn-´pt≠m? \qdp-I-W-°n¬ ]vXXm¬]-cy-°m¿ Zp¿hymJym-\-Øn\v H∂n®v kz¿K-Øn¬ {]th-in-∏n-°p-I-
a\p-jy-cpsS apºmsI \S-°p∂ Imcy- hnt[-b-am-°pI kzm`m-hnIamWv. Aß- b√; kXym-t\z-jWw \SØn bYm¿Y
߃t]mepw teJ-I∑ - m¿ AYhm dnt∏m- s\ sNøp-∂-h-sc-sb√mw DSs\ in£n- hnizm-khpw I¿Ω-am¿Khpw kzoI-cn-°p-
¿´¿am¿ Gsd hf-s®m-Sn-°-ep-Iƒ°pw °p-I-b-√, ]e-cp-sSbpw in£ ]c-tem- ∂-h¿°v am{Xw kz¿Kw \¬Ip-I-bmWv
hymJym\t`Z-߃°pw hnt[-b-am-°p- I-tØ°v \o´n-sh-°p-I-bmWv ssZhnI- A√m-lp-hns‚ ]≤-Xn.

? BZn-]n-Xm-hmbn apkvenwIƒ hniz-kn-°∂ BZw, kz¿K-Øn¬sh®v ssZh-[n--°mcw \S-Øn-sb∂pw ]m]-tam-N-

\-Øn-\mbn {]m¿Yn-®-t∏mƒ s]mdp-Øp-sIm-Sp-Øp-sh∂pw Jp¿B\nse _°d kqd-Øn¬ ]d-bp-∂p. F∂m¬
s]mdp-Øp-sIm-SpØ BZ-ans\ ]n∂oSv kz¿K-Øn¬ \n∂pw ]pd-Øm-°n-sb∂pw Jp¿-B≥ Xs∂ ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂p.
sX‰n\v am∏p-sIm-Sp-Ø-Xn\v tijhpw in£tbm?
˛sP∂n, ssIX-t°mSv
a\p-jy-cpsS BZn]nXmhv BZ-am- (2:30 kq‡w ]cn-tim-[n-°p-I) CXn¬- ]nim-Nn-s\-Xn-cn¬ Pm{KX ssIs°m-
sW∂v apkvenwIƒ am{X-a√ {InkvXym- \n∂v {Kln-°m-hp-∂Xv BZy-ta, A√m- ≈m≥ ]cn-io-en-∏n-°p-∂X
- n-\p≈ ]co-£-
\n-Ifpw blq-Zcpw hniz-kn-°p-∂p-≠- lp-hns‚ ]≤Xn BZ-an-s\bpw k¥-Xn- Whpw. hne°v ewLn® BZ- a ns‚
t√m. hnip≤Jp¿B\n¬ c≠mw A[ym- I-sfbpw `qan-bn¬ Xma-kn-∏n-°pI F∂- ]›m-Øm]w A√mlp kzoI-cn-®p. (2.37
b-amb A¬_Iz-d-bn¬ BZ-ans‚ Ncn- Xmbn-cp-∂p-sh-∂m-Wv. t\m°p-I) BZ-ans\ in£n-®p-sh∂v
{Xw hnh-cn-°m≥ XpS-ßp-∂XvXs∂ ""Rm- XpS¿∂v kz¿K-Øn¬ Xma-kn-∏n-®Xv hnip≤Jp¿-B\ - n¬ Fhn-sSbpw ]d-™n-
≥ CXm `qan-bn¬ Hcp Jeo^ ({]mXn- (2:35 kq‡w t\m°p-I) Hcp ]co-£Ww ´n√; Xm¬°m-enI hmk-ÿ-eØv \n∂v
\n[ykz`m-h-ap≈ kr„n)sb \ntbm-Kn- F∂-\n-e-bn-em-bn-cp-∂p. Hcp I\n-am{Xw ]pd-Øn-d-°n, a\p-jy-sc√mw \n›n-X-
°m≥ t]mhp- I - b mWv F∂v \ns‚ hne-°n-bXv a\p-jy-t\mSv Hcp \ymbhpw Imew Xma-kn-t°≠ `qan-bn¬ BZ-an-
\mY≥ a-e-°p-I-tfmSv ]d™ kµ¿`w IqSmsX i{XpX ]pe¿Øp-Ibpw Ah- s\ A[n-h-kn-∏n-®Xv Hcp in£-bm-sW-
({i≤n-°p-I)'' F∂p ]d-™p-sIm-≠mWv s\ ]ng-∏n-°m≥ {ian-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ ∂v ]d-bm-hp-∂-X-√.

kvt\l-kw-hmZw kuP-\y-w-!-
apkvenwI-f-√m-Ø- G-Xm-\pw- t]¿-°v- am{Xw
B-Z-y-w- A-t]-£n-°p-∂- G-Xm-\pw-- A-ap-kv-enw-Iƒ--°v H-cp- h-¿-j-tØ-°v- Pp-ss_¬- C-¥y≥-
C-kv-em-ln-- sk‚-¿- kv-t\-l-kw-hm-Z-w- am-kn-I ku-P-\-y-am-bn- A-b-®p- sIm-Sp-°p-∂-p.- D-S≥-
_-‘-s∏-Sp-I-:-
jubail@nicheoftruth.org
As√-¶n¬
SNEHASAMVADAM MONTHLY
P.B. No: 1981, Vyttila, Cochin-19
Tel: 0484 2301275

2009 Pqsse-- 27
ssZh-˛thZ˛]-ct- emI kn≤m-¥ß - s- f-°p-dn®v
lnµp-a-X-Øns‚-bpw Ckveman-s‚bpw ho£-
W-ßsf A[n-Ic- n®v s]cn¥¬aÆ s\lvdp
tÃUn-b-Øn¬ \S∂ Bi-b-kw-hm-Z-Øn-s‚
aq-∂m- w- - `mKw. sslµh-Xsb {]Xn-\n-[o-Ic- n®v
hn.-F®v.]nbpsS ap≥ kwÿm\ A[y-£\m-
b s{]m^: tUm: ]qtØ-g-Øv cma-N-{µ\pw,
tIkcn ]{Xm-[n-]¿ tKm]m-e≥ Ip´namÃ-dpw
Ckvemans\ {]Xn-\n-[o-Icn®v \n®v Hm^v
{SqØv Ub-dIvS¿ Fw.-Fw. AIv_dm-Wv-
kwkm-cn-°p-∂Xv. tUm. sslZcen-bmWv
tamU-td-‰¿.

ssl-µ-h-X- C-kv-emw-
B-i-b- kwhmZw

tNmtZym-Øc skj≥
tamU-td-‰¿
sslµ-hX, Ckvemw F∂o c≠v Z¿i-\-ß-fnse ssZ-
hw, thZw, ]c-temIw F∂o aq∂v hnj-b-ßsf Bkv]-Z-
am°nbmWv ChnsS kwkm-cn-®-Xv. AXp-sIm≠v tNmZy-߃
a‰p hnj-b-ß-fnte°v IS-°msX hfsc hy‡ambn tNmZn-°-
Ww. tNmZn-°p∂ hy‡n t]cpw tPmenbpw hy‡-am-°-Ww.
tNmZyw hnj-bm-[n-jvTn-X-am-bn-cn-°-Ww. c≠v an\p-´mWv tNmZy-
Øn-\p≈ ka-bw. Hcp tNmZy-Øn\v DØcw \¬In-bXn\v ti-
jw Bh-iy-sa-¶n¬ ho≠pw Hcp D]-tNmZyw tNmZn-°mw. c≠p
ssa°p-Iƒ ChnsS kwhn-[m-\n-®n-´p-≠v. H∂v Ckveman-I-
Z¿i\w Ah-X-cn-∏n® ]m\-en-t\mSpw at‰Xv sslµ-h-Z¿i\w
Ah-X-cn-∏n® ]m\-en-t\mSpw tNmZn-t°≠ tNmZy-߃°p≈
ssa°p-I-fm-Wv. BtcmSmWv tNmZn-°p∂-Xv F∂v ap≥Iq-dmbn
hy‡-am-°-p-I. Hcp hy‡n°v Hcp kabw Hcp ]m\-en-t\mS
2009 Pqsse-- 28
 am{Xta tNmZy-߃ tNmZn- XpS- ß p∂p. F¥mWv
°m-hq. c≠p ]m\-en-t\mSpw AXn\v Imc-Ws - a-∂p-≈Xpw
IqSn s]mXp-hmb tNmZy-߃ ]Xn-\mev \q‰m-≠p-I-fmb Jp¿-
tNmZn-°m≥ A\p-h-Zn-°p-∂-X-√. B-\p-ap-ºp-≈X - mtWm Ad-_n-en-]n-
C\n, Hcp tNmZy-Øn\v tijw at‰ ]m\- sb-∂p-≈Xpw Adn-b-Ww. C{X-bmWv
en-t\mSv tNmZy-߃ tNmZn-°-W-sa-¶n¬ B F\n°v tNmZn-°m-\p-≈-Xv.
hy‡n ASpØ ]m\-ense Iyqhn¬ t]mbn \n¬°- tamU-td-‰¿
Ww. tNmZy-߃ CS-hn-´m-bn-cn-°pw. AXm-bXv, Hcn-°¬
tNmZyw hnj-bm-[n-jvTn-X-a-√. DØcw ]d-bm≥
sslµ-h-Z¿i\w Ah-X-cn-∏n® ]fin-X-∑m-tcmSv tNmZn-
AIv_¿ B{K-ln-°p-∂p-sh-¶n¬ am{Xw kΩ-Xn-°mw.
®m¬ ASpØ tNmZyw CkvemanIZ¿i\w Ah-X-cn-∏n®
]fin-X-∑m-tcm-Sm-bn-cn-°pw. Fw.-Fw.AIv_¿
kv{XoIƒ°v Ah-k-c-ap-≠v. c≠v tNmZy-߃ ]pcp-j- ChnsS ]d-™Xv t]mse tNmZyw hnj-bm-[n-jvTn-
∑m-cpsS `mKØp \n∂p-≠m-bm¬ Hcp tNmZyw kv{XoI-fpsS X-a-√. Ad-_n-`mj ]cn-ip≤ Jp¿-B-\n\v \q‰m-≠p-Iƒ°p
`mKØv \n∂v A\p- h - Z n- ° p- ∂ - X m- b n- c n- ° pw. ]Xn- \ ©v apºp≈ `mj-bm-Wv. Ad-_n-`m-j°v `mj-bpsS e^vfv Fß-
an\p‰mWv DØ-c-Øn\p kabw \¬In-bn-´p-≈-Xv. Cu ]Xn- s\ Fgp-XW - s- a∂ \nbaw D≈-Xp-t]mse A°-߃ Fß-
\-©n\v an\p-‰n\v tijw at‰ ]m\-en-ep≈ Bfp-Iƒ°v s\ Fgp-X-W-sa∂ \nb-a-hp-ap-≠v. e^vfv Fgp-Xp∂Xns‚
A©v an\p‰v hni-Zo-Ic - Ww \¬Imw. ho≠pw hni-Zo-Ic - Ww t\sc hn]-co-X-Zn-i-bn-emWv A°-߃ Fgp-Xp-I. AXv
Bh-iy-sa-¶n¬ BZysØ ]m\-ense ]fin-X-∑m¿°v `mjm-\n-b-a-am-Wv. AXv hn]-coX Zni-bn-e-ß-s\-bmsW∂p-
Hc©p an\p´v IqSn A\p-h-Zn-°p-∂-Xm-bn-cn-°pw. Aßs\ ≈Xv sIm≠v AXn-¬ sshcp-[y-sam-∂p-an-√. AtX kabw,
25 an\p´mWv Hcp tNmZy-Øn\v DØ-c-ambn kabw ]cn-an-X- DdpZp ]cn-ip≤ Jp¿-B-\n\pw tijap≠m-b-XmWv. C¥y-
s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. bnse apK-f-∑m-cpS BK-a-\-tØmsSbmWv DdpZp `mj Uh-
e]v sNbvXp- h-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ Ad-_n-`mj aptºbp≈-Xm-
ChnsS sse‰v Adbv©v sNbvXn-´p-≠v. ssπ≥ sse‰v,
Wv. skan-‰nIv `mj-I-fn¬ G‰hpw ]q¿WX {]m]n® `mj-
AXv \nß-fpsS tNmZykabw Xocpw hsc-bp-≠m-Ipw. Hcp
bmbncp∂p ]cn-ip-≤-Jp¿-Bs‚ Ah-X-c-W-Im-e-L-´-Øn¬
an\p‰v Ign-™m¬ a™ sse‰v {]Im-
Ad_n. AXn-\p-apºv AXns‚ ]cn-
in-°pw. Nph∏v sse‰v {]Imin°p-
Wm-a-L-´-߃ Ign-™p-t]m-bn-´p-≠v
∂tXmSv IqSn ssa°v Hm^v sNøpw.
F∂-√msX Ad-_n-`mj aptº \ne-
tNmZy- ß ƒ°p≈ DØ- c w Bth-
hn- e p- ≈ - X m- s W- ∂ mWv kw£n-
iap≈Xm-bn-cn-°mw. B Bthiw
]vXambn ]d-bm-\p-≈Xv.
\nß- f psS lrZ- b - ß - f n¬ am{Xw
kq£n-°p-I. Iø-Sn-®p-sIm-t≠m A´- D]tNmZyw
l-kn-®p-sImt≠m {]Xn-I-cn-°-cp-Xv. At∏mƒ 1,2,3 F∂p-≈Xv CS-
\ap°v ]cn-]m-Sn-bn-te°v {]th-in- Xp-h-i-Øp-\n∂v he-Xp-h-i-tØ°v
°mw. t]mIp-∂-Xns\∏‰n h√ hymJym\-
tNmZyw hpw Xcm≥ ]‰ptam?
Fs‚ t]cv aWn. AIv_dn- Fw.-Fw.-A-Iv_¿
t\m-SmWv tNmZn-°p-∂-Xv. Jp¿-B≥ F¥psIm≠mWv Ad_n
Cd-ßn-bn´v 14 \q‰m-≠p-I-fmbn F∂p CSXv hiØv \n∂v Fgp-Xm≥ XpS-
]d-™X - n-s\-∏‰- n-bm-Wv F\n°v Adn- ßn- b -
s X- ∂ -
X n\v {]tXyI hymJym-\-
tb-≠-Xv. AXn-\p-ap-ºp-≈-XmtWm an- √ . GXv `mj°pw B `mj-bpsS
Cu Ad-_n-`mj; As√-¶n¬ en]n-I- D¬]- Ø n- b p- a mbn _‘- s∏´v Hmtcm
ƒ. AXn\v apºp-≈-XmtWm tij-ap- kz¿K-\-c-I-߃ A¥n-a-amb am¿K- ß - f p- ≠ m- I pw. Ct∏mƒ `mc-X-
≈-XmtWm Ddp-Zp en]n-Iƒ? ImcW- e£y-ambn lnµpkaqlw IW-°m- Øn- e m-s W- ¶ n¬ BZyw ]men `mj-
sa¥msW- ∂ p- s h- ® m¬ F\n°v b- b m-b n-c p- ∂ p. B ]men `mj kwkv -
kwibw h∂-Xv, Rm≥ H‰-∏m-eØv °n- b n-´n-√ . kz¿Khpw \c- I hpw IrX- a mbn, kwkv I rXØn¬ \n∂v
teWnwKv kvIqfn¬ Ad_n ]Tn-°p- hmkvX-h-Øn-¬ `qan-bn¬ Xs∂ tZh-\m-Kcn en]nbmbn. B en]n a‰p-
∂p-≠v. AXn¬ apkvl^ns‚ t]Pn- a\p-jy\v e`n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ ≈ `mj-I-fn-te°v t]mbn Cßs\
¬ \º-dp-Iƒ CSp-∂Xv F√mw he- ]eXpw D≠m-bn-´p-≠v. CXn-se√mw
Xp-h-iØv \n∂v Fgp-Xn-s°m-≠n-cn- Hcp Ahÿ F∂p- ≈ coXn- b n- Xs∂ A°-ß-sf-gp-Xps∂mcp coXn-
°p-∂p. Ad-_n-bm-bmepw Jp¿-B-\m- emWv lnµp-Xz-Øn-e-Xns\ t\m°n- im-kv{X-ap-≠v. A£-c-ß-sf-gp-Xp∂
bmepw Ddp-Zp-hm-bmepw 1,2,3,4 F∂p- °m-Wp-∂-Xv coXnimkv{X-ap-≠.v Ad-_n-bn¬ A£-
≈ A°-߃ CS-Xp-h-iØv \n∂v -cß
- fpw A°-ßfpw c≠v hyXykvX

2009 Pqsse-- 29
 Zni-bn-¬ \n∂p am{X-ta-bp- tKm]m-e≥Ip´n amÿ
≈p. ssN\o- k m- s W- ¶ n¬ kz¿K-\-cI Nn¥-I-
Fgp-Xp-∂Xv apI-fn¬ \n∂v Iogv- fpsS {]tXyIXsb-°p-dn®v kq-
t∏m-´mWv. AXv \Ωƒ hni-Zo-I-cn- Nn-∏n-®n-cp-∂p. F∂p ]d-™m¬ kz¿-
°pI F∂p ]d-™m¬... AXv h√ `mjm- K- Ø n- s e- Ø pI F∂p- ≈ - X √; sslµh
im-kv{X-⁄-∑mcpw hni-Zo-I-cn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. Nn¥m-K-Xn-bn¬ a\p-jys‚ A¥n-a-amb ]c-a-]-Y-
AXn\v h√ hni-Zo-I-c-W-apt≠m F∂v Xs∂ F\n- {]m]vXn. AXp-sIm-≠v kz¿K-Øn\v th≠n Pohn-°p-
°-dn-bn-√. F∂mWv kqNn-∏n-°m-\p-≈-Xv. I. As√-¶n¬ kz¿K-amWv Ah-km-\-ambn e`n-t°-≠Xv
tNmZyw F∂ Nn¥-tbm-Sp-IqSn I¿a-߃ sNøpI CsXm∂pw \Ωp-
Fs‚ t]cv A_vZp- emw. Fs‚ tNmZyw s{]m^: sS imkv{X-Øn¬ hmkvXh - Ø
- n¬ A\p-hZ- \ - o-ba - √
- . ]s£,
kz¿K-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ Nne k¶¬]-߃ Xm¬°m-en-I-am-
]n.cma-N{- µ≥ amÿ Ah¿I-tfm-SmWv. AXp-t]mse tKm]m-
bn Hcp a\p-jy\v ChnsS sNøp∂ KpWm-Kp-W-ß-fpsS [¿-
e≥ Ip´n amÃ-tdm-Sp-am-Wv.
am-[¿aß-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Xm¬°m-en-I-ambn e`n-
ChnsS {]kw-Kn-®-t∏mƒ kqNn-∏n-°p-I-bp-≠mbn; AXm- °p-∂ Hcn-S-Øm-hfsa∂p≈ coXn-bn¬˛kz¿K-sØ-°p-dn®v
bXv Ckveman-se-t∏mse -kz¿K\cI-hn-izm-khpw AXp- kqN-\-bp-≠v. ]s£, ChnsS ]d-b-s∏-´ kz¿Kw, hotcm-Nn-
t]mse ]m]-Øn\v {]Xn-^ew \¬Ip∂ Hcp Znh-k-sØ- X-amb acWw hcn-°p-∂h - ¿°v hoc-kz¿Kw e`n-°pw Fs∂m-
°p-dn-®p-sam∂pw sslµ-h-Po-hn-X-co-Xn-bn¬ hnizm-kw \ne- cp Nn¥-bp-≠v. AXv \Ωƒ ]d™ kz¿K-a-√. At±lw
hn-en√ F∂pw; ]Icw ap÷-∑-]m-]-kn-≤m-¥-am-sW∂pw. sNøp∂ {]h¿Ø-\-߃ hotcm-Nn-X-am-sW-¶n¬ hotcm-Nn-
Rm≥ tNmZn-°m≥ B{K-ln-°p-∂Xv `K-hZvKoX-bn¬ Irjv- X-amb Hcp ÿm\w, hoc-∑m¿°p≈ ÿm\w G-XmWv F∂v
W≥ A¿Pp-\s\ D]-tZ-in-°p∂ Hcp cwK-ap-≠v. AXn¬ BZyta \n›-bn-®n-´p-≠v. "hoc-t`m-Kym-h-kp-‘cm,' Cu `qan
tl, ]m¿∞m! F∂v hnfn®v sIm≠v IrjvW≥ D]-tZ-in- Xs∂ hoc- ∑ m¿°v Pohn- ° p- h m- \ p- ≈ - X m- W v F∂mWv
°p-∂p. Cu bp≤-Øn¬ \ -- o hnP-bn-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ Cl- \ΩpsS {]am-Ww. At∏mƒ km[m-cW hocXzw C√m-Ø-
tem-IØv Xs∂ hensbmcp km{amPyw ]nSn-®-S-°m-\mhpw, h¿°v Cu `qan t`mKy-a√ F∂pt]mepw Nn¥n-°p∂ Hcp
ÿm-]n-°m-\m-hpw, AX-√; \o Cu bp≤-Øn¬ hoc-arXyp ImgvN-∏m-Sp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.
{]m]n-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ \ns∂ ImØn-cn-°p-∂Xv kz¿K-am- c≠v tNmbvkv, As√-¶n¬ c≠v Xc-Øn-ep≈ kwhn-
Wv. F∂v `K-hm≥ IrjvW≥ `K-hZvKoX-bn¬ kqNn-∏n-°p- [m\w c≠v Imgv-N-∏mSv, As√-¶n¬ c≠v A\p-`-h-am-Wv A¿-
I-bp-≠mbn. At∏mƒ- k - z¿K-\c-Ihn-izmkw sslµ-hX - b
- n¬ Pp-\-\p-≠m-tI-≠-Xv. H∂p-In¬ bp≤w sNbvXv hnP-bn®p
D≠v F∂s√ Cu Imcyw kqNn-∏n-°p-∂X - v? CXn\v Hcp adp- Ign-™m¬ Cu In´m-hp∂ cmPyw apgp-h≥ `cn-®p-sIm≠v
]
- Sn Xc-W-sa∂v A`y¿Yn-°p-∂p. cmPm-hmbn, N{I-h¿Øn-bmbn, A`n-jn-]vX-\mbn Pohn-°mw.
Cs√-¶nepw At±-l-Øn\v At±-
l-Øns‚ bp≤w shdp-sX-bm-hp-
"hnPbn- ® m¬ \n\°nhnsS [¿Ω- k w- ÿ m- ] \w I-bn-√. Cu ]d™ hoc-t`m-Ky-
am-b-Xp-sIm≠v B Xc-Ønepw
km[n°pw, Cs√-¶ntem ac-Ws - ∏-´m¬ hoc-kz¿K-Øn¬ Cu hkp- ‘ - c sb As√- ¶ n¬
{]th-i\w e`n-°pw.' aX-]-cambn kz[¿Ω-w A\p-jvTn- `qansb A\p-`-hn-°m≥ km[n-
°p-hm≥ th≠n {]h¿Øn-°p∂ GXv t]mcm-fn-tbmSpw °pw. At∏mƒ c≠m-bmepw Cu
`qansb A\p-`-hn-°p-I-sb-∂Xv
{]hm-N-I-∑m¿ ]d™ ]Z-am-WXv. AtX Imcy-amWv Xs∂- b mWv ASn- ÿ m\Nn¥.
{ioIrjvW≥ ]dp-b-∂-Xmbn´v \ap°v ImWm≥ km[n- CXn-teXv am¿Kw thWw. bp≤w
°p-∂-Xv. AXv A°m-e-L-´-Ønse kz¿K-\-c-I-ß-fn- sNbv X v acn- ° p- I - b m- s W- ¶ n¬
hoc- ∑ m- ¿ °v A\p- t bm- P y- a mb
ep≈ hnizmkamWv coXn-bn¬ Cu `qansb As√-¶n¬
hkp-‘-csb t`mKy-am-°m≥ km-
[n-°pw. AX-s√-¶n¬ C∏-d-™-
Xp-t]mse t\cn´v B `qan `cn-®p-
sIm≠v N{I-h¿Øn-bmbn `uXn-
I-kp-J-ß-tfmsS Pohn-°p-hm≥
Ignbpw. CXn¬ GXv thWsa-
∂p-≈-Xm-Wv Cu Hcp kqN\.
AXm-bXv bp≤-Øn¬ \n∂v amdn
\n∂v sIm≠v Cu `qan As√-¶n-

2009 Pqsse-- 30
 ¬ AXns‚ A[n- I mcw
ths≠∂v ]d-bp-I-bmtWm
sNøp-∂Xv As√-¶n¬ bp≤-
Øn¬ acn-®p-sIm≠v hkp-‘-csb
t`mKy-am-°pI-bmtWm F∂Xm-Wv. Pbn-
°p-Ib - m-sW-¶nepw acn-°p-Ib - m-sW-¶nepw hkp-
‘-c-bpsS As√-¶n¬ `qan-bpsS t`mKy-Øn\v Ah-
Im-i-ap≠v F∂ Hcp ImgvN-∏m-Sn-emWv AhnsS Irjv-
W-s‚ D]-tZiw, \Ωƒ Dt±-in-°p∂ coXn-bn-ep≈ kz¿K-
\-c-I-ß-fpsS Nn¥-b√ AhnsS ]d-b-s∏-´-Xv.
Fw.-Fw. AIv_¿
_lp-am\s∏´ kmdn-hnsS ]d-™Xv kXy-Øn¬
`mc-XobZ¿i-\-Øn¬ kz¿K-\-c-I-Nn-¥-b√ ASn-ÿm-\-]-
c-am-bn-´p-≈Xv F∂m-Wv. ]s£, Rm\n-hnsS kqNn-∏n-®-Xp-
t]mse {]hm-N-I≥am¿ ]Tn-∏n® BZ¿i߃ t\m°p-
tºmƒ ac-Wm-\-¥-c-Po-hn-Xhpw kz¿K-\-c-I-Nn-¥-bp-amWv
F√m Z¿i-\ß - f- nepw ImWm≥ km[n-°p-∂X - v. `mc-XØ
ASn-ÿm\kwln-XI - ƒ thZkwln-XI - f
- mWv. CXn-sem∂pw
Xs∂ ]p\¿P∑hnizm-k-sØ-°p-dn®v bmsXmcp ]cm-a¿i-
hp-an-√. adn®v kz¿K-\c - I
- ß
- s - f-°p-dn-®mWv ]d-bp-∂X
Im-eL - ´- Ø
- n-ep≈ D]-\n-jØ - p-If - n¬, DZm-lc - W - a - mbn ItTm-
]-\n-j-Øn¬ {]Y-ah√nbnse {]Y-am-[ym-b-Ønse 12˛m-
asØ t«mI-Øn¬ \ap°v ImWm≥ km[n-°pw.
""kz¿-tK-tem-tI- \- `-bw- In-©-\m-kv-Xn-
\-X-{XXzw- \-P-c-bm- _nt`-Xn-
D-t`,- Xo¿-Øzm-i-\m-bm- ]n-]m-tk-
tim-Im-Xn-tKm- tam-Z-tX- kz¿-§-temt-I-''
kz¿K-tem-I-Øn-te-°mWv AØcw Bfp-Iƒ t]mIp-
I. kz¿K-tem-I-Øns‚ {]tXy-I-X-Iƒ ]d-bp-∂p. Ah¿°v
`b-an-√. {]bm-k-an-√, ac-W-an-√. bmsXmcp {]bm-k-hp-an-
√msX ac-W-an-√msX˛-Xm¬°m-en-I-ambn e`n-°p-∂ Hcn-S-
Øm-hfa√ ˛--- ac-W-an-√msX Pohn-°m≥ km[n-°p∂ Hcp
temIw. Ahn-tS-°mWv k¬I¿Ωn-Iƒ t]mIp-I. AXp-t]m-
se-Øs∂ \c-I-tem-IsØ°pdn®v:˛-- ---
""A-kq-cym- \m-a- tX- tem-Im- A-\v-t[-\- X-a-km- hr-Xmx-
Xmw-kt-v X- t{]-Xym-`n-KN- O-v ¥ - n- tb-tI- Nm-Xa -v l- t- \m-P \mx''
F∂v C - u-im-hm-tkym-]\ - n-jØ - ns‚ aq∂mw t«mI-Øn¬
ImWm≥ km[n-°pw. AXpt-]mse ChnsS kplr-Øp-≤-cn-
® `K-h-ZvKo-X-bnse c≠mw A[ym-b-Ønse 37˛masØ hN-
\-Øn¬.
""ltXm hm {]m]vkykn kz¿§w PnXzm h t`m£ytk alow
Xkvam-Zp-ØnjvT Iu-t¥b bp≤mb IrX\nivN - bx''
\o Pbn-®m¬ ChnsS
cmPy- ` - c Ww. ]cm- P - b - s ∏-
´mtem kz¿Kw. AXmWv GXv
t]mcm-fn-tbmSpw aX-]-cambn kz-
¥w [¿Ω-w A\p-jvTn-°p-hm≥ th≠n
{]h¿Øn-°p∂ t]mcm-fn-tbmSv {]hm-N-I-∑m¿
]d™ ]Z-am-Wv. F¥mWv? \n\°v ChnsS [¿Ω-
kw-ÿm-]\w km[n°pw, Cs√-¶ntem ac-Ws - ∏-´m¬ hoc-
kz¿K-Øn¬ \n\°v {]th-i\w e`n-°pw. AtX Imcy-amWv
{ioIrjvW≥ ]dp-b-∂-Xmbn´v \ap°v ImWm≥ km[n-°p-
∂-Xv. AXv A°m-e-L-´-Ønse kz¿K-\-c-I-ß-fn-ep≈
hnizmkamWv.
16˛mw A[ym-bØ - nse 16˛masØ hN-\Ø - n¬ \c-Is - Ø-
°p-dn®v ]d-bp-∂p≠v.
""At\INnØhn{`m¥m taml-Pm-e-k-am-hrXmx
{]k‡mx Ima-t`m-tKjp ]X¥n \ctIfipNu'' XpS-
- nse ßnb hN-\-߃.
At∏mƒ Rm≥ ]d-bp-∂-sX-¥mWv sh®m¬ kz¿K-\-c-
I-ß-fn-ep≈ hnizmkw `mc-X-Øn¬ apºp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.
- v. BZy- F∂m¬ ]p\¿P∑hnizmkw ]n¬°m-eØv IS-∂p-h-∂-Xm-
Wv. ]p\¿P-∑-hn-izmkw \ap°v BZy-ambn ImWm≥ km[n-
°p-∂Xv Otµm-tKym-]\ - n-jØ - n-em-Wv. AXv Fßs\bp-≠m-
bn F∂Xv Cu Otµm-tKym-]-\n-j-Øn¬ \n∂p Xs∂
hy‡-am-Ip-∂p-≠v. Otµm--tKym-]-\n-j-Ønse 5˛mw aWvUe-
Ønse 10˛mw A[ym-b-Ønse Ggm-asØ hN-\-Øn¬
]p\¿P-∑-hn-izmkw hni-Zo-I-cn-®n-´p-≠v. CXv Rm≥ ]d-bp-
∂Xv Fßs\ Hcp ssZhn-I-Z¿i-\sØ ]n≥°m-e-L-´-
Øn¬ ]ptcm-ln-X-∑m¿ ssII-S-Øn-s°m≠v hnI-e-am°n
F∂p-IqSn a\- n-em-°m-≥ th≠nbmWv. ]d-bp-∂s - X-¥mWv
Adn-bptam? hN-\-ap-≤-cn-°p-∂n-√. ChnsS [¿Ω-a-\p-jvTn-
°p-∂-h¿ ASpØ P∑-Øn¬ {_m“-W-˛-£-{Xnb˛ssh-iym-
Zn-I-fpsS tbm\n-I-fn¬ P\n-°p-∂p, F∂-mWv. ""{_mlvaW-
tbm-\nw hm- £{Xn-bt- bm-\nw hm- sshiy-tbm-\nw hm-'' F∂p
Xs∂-bmWv ]d-bp-∂-Xv. Ah-cpsS P\-t\-{µn-b-Øn¬ P\n-
°p-∂p. am{Xa√ Cu P∑-Øn¬ Xn∑ sNøp-∂-h¿ ]∂n-bp-
sStbm ]´n-bp-sStbm Nfim-fs‚tbm tbm\n-bn¬ P\n-°p-
∂p F∂mW.v At∏mƒ CXns‚ e£y-sa-¥msW∂Xv hf-
sc hy‡-am-Wv. Ign™ P∑-Ønse \∑- sIm-≠mWv Cu
P∑-Øn¬ ChnsS {_mlvaW£{Xn-bs - sh-iymZnIƒ kpJn-
°p-∂X - v. AXp-t]mse Xs∂ Ign™ P∑-Ønse Xn∑-sIm-
≠mWv ]∂n-tbbpw ]´n--tbbpw t]mse Nfim-f≥ {]bm-
k-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. ASp-Ø-P-∑-Øn-se-¶nepw {_m“W-£-{Xnb-
sshiy-∑m-cm-IWsa¶n¬ B kz[¿aw A\p-jvTn-°p-Ibm-
Wv th≠-Xv. B kz[¿Ωm-\p-jvTm-\ß - s - f¥m? Nfim-fs‚
kz[¿am-\p-jvTm\w Zmkyth-e-bm-Wv. CXv ]Tn-∏n-°m≥

]p\¿P-∑-kn-≤m-¥sØ°pdn®v EtKz-Z-km-a-th-Z-bP--p¿thZ-
AY¿h-th-ZmZn kwln-X-I-fn-¬ Fhn-sSbpw ImWp-∂n-√.
AXv ]n¬°m-eL´-Øn¬ NmXp¿h¿Wy-hy-hÿ
ÿm]n-°m≥ th≠n -D-≠m-°n-sb-Sp-Ø-XmWv

2009 Pqsse-- 31
 th≠n ip≤-amb kz¿K
\c- I - ß - f n- e p≈ hnizm- k -
sØ hnI-e-am°ns°m≠v IS-
∂p h∂-XmWv ]p\¿P-∑-hn-izmk-
sa∂mWv Fs‚ ]T-\-Øn¬ \n∂v F\n-
°v a\- n-em-°m≥ km[n-®Xv, Fs‚ am{X-a√;
]e ]fin-X-∑m-cpw AXv kqNn-∏n-®n-´p-≠v.
`mc-Xob thZkmln-Xy-߃ ]cn-tim-[n-®m¬ \ap°v
ImWm≥ km[n-°p∂ Hcp Imcy-ap-≠v. Cu ]p\¿P-∑-kn-
≤m- ¥ sØ°pdn®v ASn- ÿ m- \ - t h- Z - k w- l n- X - I - f n¬˛
NXp¿th- Z - k w- l n- X - I - f n¬˛EtKz- Z - k m- a - t h- Z - b - P p¿thZ-
AY¿h-th-ZmZn kwln-X-I-fn-¬ Fhn-sSbpw ImWp-∂n-√.
]n¬°m-e-L-´-Øn-emWv AXv D≠m-bXv, Ntµm-tKym-]-\n-
j- Ø n¬ Cßs\ ]d™p tIƒ°p- t ºmƒ ssPhen
almcmPmhv Xs∂, thZw ]Tn® Bfv Xs∂ CsXm-c¬`p-
X-Ic- a- mb kn≤m-¥a - mbn tI´n-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂v \ap°v Ntµm-
Ky-Øn¬ ImWp-Ibpw sNømw. AXn¬ \n∂v Xs∂ thZw
]Tn® Bfp-Iƒ°v t]mepw Adn-bm≥ ]mSn-√mXncp∂ Hcp
hnizm-ka - m-bn-cp∂p CXv F∂v a\- n-em°mw AXv ]n¬°m-
eL´-Øn¬ Cu h¿Wm-{iahyhÿ NmXp¿h¿Wy-hy-
hÿ˛ ÿm]n-°m≥ th≠n, AXns‚bSn-ÿm-\Ø - n¬ ]c-
tem- I - h n- i zmkw am‰n- s b- g p- X m≥ ÿm]n- ° - s ∏- ´ - X mWv
F∂m-Wv Rm≥ a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xv. hni-Zo-I-cWw {]Xo-£n-
°p-∂p.
tKm]me≥ Ip´n amÿ
kz¿K-\c - I
- ß- ƒ Rm\n-hnsS kqNn-∏n®p; AXv A¥n-
a-amb e£yambn lnµpkaqlw IW-°m-°n-bn-´n-√. kz¿-
K-hpw \c-Ihpw hmkvX-h-Øn¬ ChnsS Xs∂, `qan-bn¬
Xs∂, a\p-jy\v e`n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ Hcp Ahÿ
F∂p≈ coXn-bn-emWv lnµp-Xz-Øn-eX - ns\ t\m°n-°m-Wp-
∂-Xv. ho≠pw ho≠pw P\n-t°-≠n-h-cp-∂p; I¿Ω-߃°-
\p-kc - n-®v. lo\-amb I¿Ω-߃ sNøp-∂h - ¿ ho≠pw Xmgv∂
tbm\n-bn¬ P\n®v, IjvS∏ - m-Sp-Ifpw _p≤n-ap-´p-Ifpw kln®v
AØ-cØ - n-ep≈ Pohn-Xk - w-hn-[m-\s - Ø, AXm-bXv ]pXnb
]pXnb P∑-ßf - p-≠m-Ip-Ibpw B P∑-Øns‚ Ahÿbn¬
kpJ-Øn-s‚bpw ZpxJ-Øn-s‚bpw A\p-`-h-߃ D≠m-Ip-
tºmƒ, \c-I-kz¿K-߃ Cu `qan-bnse Xs∂ Pohn-Xm-h-
ÿ-bmbn Nn{Xo-Ic - n°pIbmWv sNbvXX - v. ItTm]-\n-jØ
s‚ kn≤m-¥-Ønepw CXp Xs∂bmWv kqNn-∏n-°-s∏-´-Xv.
ChnsS Hcp {]tXy-IX, thZ-Øns‚ A¿Y-ß-sfbpw thZ-
a-{¥-ß-sfbpw AXns‚ s]mcp-fn-s\bpw \ΩpsS kmt¶-
Xn-Ia- mb, As√-¶n¬ \mw km[m-cW D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ i_v-
Zw sIm≠v, B A¿Y-Øn¬ AXv hymJym-\n-°p-tºm-gp-≠m-
Ip∂ A_-≤-߃ kzm`m-hn-I-am-Wv. t\csØ Xs∂
\tΩmSv ""\x- kv-{Xo- kz-m-X{¥y-a¿l-X-n'' F∂ Hcp hmIyw
]d-™p. kwKXn icn-bm-Wv. \Ωƒ km[m-cW ]dbpw kv-
{Xo kzmX{¥yw A¿ln-°p-∂n-√ F∂v ]s£, AXns‚
apI-fn-ep≈ aq∂v hcn-IfpsSbpw A¿Yw FSp-°p-tºmƒ kv-
{Xo kzmX{¥yw A¿ln-°p-∂n√ F∂mtWm AXn\v A¿Yw
hcn-I F∂p ]cn-tim-[n-t°-≠n hcpw. sNdp-∏I - m-eØv ]nXm-
hn-\mepw bph-Xn-bm-Ip-tºmƒ `¿Øm-hn-\mepw hm¿[-Iy-
2009 Pqsse--
Im-eØv aI-\mepw kv{Xo
kwc-£n-°s - ∏-tS-≠Xm-bn-´p-
≠v. AXmWv aq∂v hcn-I-fpsS
A¿Yw. ]ns∂ \mem-asØ hcn-bn-
¬ kv{Xo kzmX-{¥y-a¿ln-°p-∂n-√; F∂v
]d-bp-tºmƒ F¥v kzmX{¥ysØ-°p-dn-®mWv
]d-bp-∂Xv? kv{Xo°v Hcp kzmX-{¥y-hpan√m-sb-∂m-
tWm? A√; Ah-fpsS Pohn-X-kw-cw-`-߃t°m Poh-
k-‘m-c-W-Ønt\m kzX-{¥y-bmbn As√-¶n¬ H‰-°v
\n∂p-sIm≠v Ahƒ IjvS-s∏-tS-≠-Xm-bn-´pt≠m? F∂pw
kl-I-cn-°m≥, Ah-sf klm-bn-°m≥, Ah-ƒ°v Xmßpw
XW-ep-ambn Hcp hy‡n-bp-≠mIpw F∂p≈ kqN-\-bs√
hmkvXh - Ø
- n¬ ""\x- kv{- Xo- kz-mX
- {¥y-a¿l-Xn- ' F∂ hm°n-
\p-≠m-Im≥ km[y--Xb - p-≈q. Cs√-¶n¬ B t«mI-Øn\v Hc¿-
Yhpw hcn-√.
""]n-Xm-c£Xn- Iu-am-tc
`¿-Øm- c£Xn- bu-ht\
]p--t{Xm- c£Xn- hm¿[tIy-
\x- kv-{Xo- kz-m-X{¥y-a¿l-X-n''-
F∂mWv ]d-bp-∂-Xv. At∏mƒ kv{Xo°v kzmX-{¥y-an-
s√∂v ]d-bp∂ B A¿Yhpw, B Hcp ]Zhpw sXm´p-ap-ºn-
¬ ]d-™n-cn-°p∂ Imcy-ßfpw XΩn¬ km[m-cW-bp≈
kmt¶-XnI i_vZm¿Y-Øn¬ FSp-Øm¬ AXv A¿Yw icn-
b-√. AXp-sIm≠v AXns‚ \ncp‡w t\m°n-s°m≠v AXn-
s\ `mjy-Im-c-∑m¿ AØ-c-Øn¬ Xs∂ hymJym-\n-®n-´p-
≠v. AXmWv Rm≥ ]d-bm≥ Imc-Ww. AØcw hymJym-\-
߃ ]cn-tim-[n-°p-tºmƒ AXns\°p-dn® kXy-k‘ - amb
kao-]\w \ap°v Adn-bm≥ km[n-°pw.
]ns∂ Hcp Imcyw kqNn-∏n-°m-\p≈Xv kz¿Kw \cIw
F∂ hmt°m As√-¶n¬ AØ-c-Øn-ep≈ Hcp Nn¥tbm
Xosc C√ F∂√ t\csØ kqNn-∏n-®-Xv. amjpw Aß-s\-
b√ kqNn-∏n-®-Xv. BXy-¥n-I-ambn kz¿K-amWv Pohn-X-
Øns‚ e£yw, AXn\v th≠nbmWv ChnsS {]h¿Øn-
°p-∂-Xv, F∂p≈ Nn¥m-K-Xn-sb-bmWv FXn¿Ø-Xv. BXy-
¥nIe£yw kz¿Kta A√. NXp¿hn[ ]pcp-jm¿Y-ßfn¬
CXv \n¿hN-n-°-s∏-´n-´p-≠v. Cu ]pcp-jm¿Yß-fn¬ ]c-a-]-
Y-{]m-]vXn-bmtbm ]c-a-]p-cp-jm¿Yamtbm Nn¥n-°p-∂Xv
- n- tam£w F∂p≈ kwhn-[m-\-sØ-bm-Wv. tam£w F∂p-
≈-Xv kpJ-t`m-K- Po-hn-X-sØ-°p-dn-®√. Rm≥ BZyta ]d-
™p; ]n∂oSv Hcp Pohn-Xta C√mØ Ah-ÿ-sb-°p-dn-®m-
Wv. At∏mƒ ChnsS e`n-°p∂ `uXn-Ia - mb Pohn-XØ- ns‚
Ipsd-°qSn `uXn-I-a-bhpwB[n-Iy-]-c-hp-amb Hcp Pohn-X-
sØ I≠p-sIm≠v AXn-\p-th≠n Pohn°p-hm\pw- {]h¿-
Øn-°p-hm\pap≈ D]-tZ-i-am-bn-cp∂n√ `mc-Xob BNm-cy-
∑m¿ \¬In-bn-cp-∂Xv F∂p kqNn-∏n-°m≥ th≠n-bm-Wv.
AXpsIm≠v CØcw t«mI-ßsf, CØcw Imcy-ßsf
]ecpw ]e coXn¬ hymJym-\n-®n-´p≠v; B hymJym-\-tØm-
Sv, B hymJym-\n® A¿Y-tØmSv Rm≥ hntbm-Pn∏v ImWn-
°p-∂n√. ImcWw C∂pw ]ecpw thZ-ßsf hymJym-\n-
s®-gp-Xn-bn-´p-≠v. ]s£, \ncp-‡-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬
AXnse A¿Y-hy-Xym-k-߃ a\- n-em°n Cu hymJym-
32
 \n-°p-∂-hcmcpw˛Ah-sc-
¥p- ]-d-bp∂p F∂Xv t\m-
°n-°m-WWw. AXp-sIm-≠m-
Wv Rm\nXv kqNn-∏n-®X - v. am{X-a√;
a\p-kvar-Xn-bn¬ \n∂v D≤-cn-°p∂ B
t«mIw adp-`m-KØv AtX kv{Xosb-°p-dn®v
as‰mcp {]amWhmIy-hp-ap-≠v. Fhn-sS-bmtWm kv{Xo-
Iƒ ]qPn-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xv AhnsS am{Xta tZh-X-Iƒ Ifn-
bm-SpI-bp-≈p F∂v. CXp-sIm≠v Xs∂ t\csØ kqNn-
∏n® kXy-ap≠v. AXm-b-Xv, ]e-cp-sSbpw Ic-hn-cp-Xp-Iƒ
AXn-te°v IS-∂p-h∂ - n-´p-≠v. am{X-a√; bYm¿Y lnµpXØz-
sØbpw [¿Ω-sØbpw `uXnINn¥-sbbpw hnIr-X-s∏-Sp-
Øm-\p≈ Ht´sd ]cn-{i-a-߃ AXn-\-IØv \S-∂n-´p≠v
kz¿K-Øn-se-ØpI F∂p-≈-X√ sslµh Nn¥m-K-Xn-bn¬ a\p-jys‚ A¥n-a-amb
]c-a-]-Y-{]m]vXn. AXp-sIm-≠v kz¿K-Øn\v th≠n Pohn-°p-I. As√-¶n¬ kz¿K-amWv
Ah-km-\-ambn e`n-t°-≠Xv F∂ Nn¥-tbm-Sp-IqSn I¿a-߃ sNøpI CsXm∂pw \ΩpsS
imkv{X-Øn¬ hmkvX-h-Øn¬ A\p-h-Z-\o-b-a-√
F∂Xv kphn-Zn-X-am-Wv; \nkvX¿°-am-Wv. AXn-em¿°pw
A`n-{]m-b-hy-Xym-k-an-√. AXp-sIm≠v Xs∂ Rm\mZyw
]d™p. {ipXn-sb∂pw kvarXn-sb∂pw ]d™v \ap°v c≠p
kwhn-[m-\-ß-fp-≠v F∂v.
D]tNmZyw
Fs‚ Hcp D]-tNmZyw IqSnbp≠v. Hcp temPn-°¬
IzÃy≥ BWv. ]p\¿P∑kn≤m-¥-{]-Imcw. \∑-sN-bvX-h¿
ASpØ P∑-Øn¬ \√ a\p-jy-cm-bnt´m AXm-bXv, {_m“-
W-cm-bnt´m As√-¶n¬ sshiy-cm-bnt´m £q{Z-cm-bnt´m P\n-
°p-sa-∂mtWm sslµ-h-hn-izm-k-{]-Imcw a\- n-em-Ip-∂-
Xv. F∂m¬ Cu `qtem-IØv \mw ]cn-tim-[n-°p-I-bm-sW-
¶n¬ samØw P\-kw-Jy-bpsS `qcn-`mKw t]cpw Xn∑ IqSp-
2009 Pqsse--
X¬ {]h¿Øn-°p-∂-h-cm-
bn´v \ap°v P\-d¬ Bbn
a\- n-em-°m≥ km[n-°pI. Cu
cq]-Øn¬ temPn-°embn´v \mw
Nn¥n-°p-tºmƒ a\p-jy-s‚ P\-kwJy
\√ Bfp-I-fm-bn´v am{X-amWv P\n-®p-h-cp-∂-sX-
¶n¬ a\p-jys‚ P\-kwJy Ipd-bp-Ibpw Xn∑ sNøp-
∂-h¿ ]´n-Ifpw ]q®-Ifpambn kwJy IqSpIbpamWv
sNøp-I. F∂m¬ a\p-jys‚ P\-kwJy ]≠p-≠m-bn-cp∂
e£ß-fn¬ \n∂v amdn C∂nXm 600 tImSn, 700 tImSntbmf-
ambn IqSn-bn-cn-°p∂p. At∏mƒ AXns‚ temPn-°-em-bn-
´p≈ Hcp hni-Zo-I-cWw \¬Im≥ km[n-°ptam?
tamU-td-‰¿
D-]-tNm-Zy-Øn-s‚ D-Ø-c-Øn-\p≈ kabw A©v
an\p‰v hoX-am-Wv.
cma-N-{µ≥ amÿ
a\p-jys‚ kwJy IqSn F∂-Xp-sIm≠v Imcy-an-√.
ImcWw ]´n-I-sf-°mfpw ]q®-I-sf°mfpw hfsc IjvS-s∏-
Sp∂ a\p-jy-∑m¿ [mcm-fa - p-≠v. IjvSs
- ∏-SW
- s
- a-∂p-s≠-¶n¬
hmepw ]√pw sImºpw H∂pw thW-sa-∂n-√. a\p-jy-\m-bn-
´v Xs∂ IjvS-s∏-Smw. AXp-sIm≠v Ign™ P∑-Øn-ep≈
Bfp-Iƒ arK-ß-fm-bn´v P\n®p sIm≈-W-sa-∂n-√. Nyh\-
{]miyhpw a‰v NnIn-’-I-fpsams° \S-Øp∂ hen-sbmcp
\ºq-Xn-cn-bpsS ho´nse B\sb t\m°n-bn´v i¶-cmSn Hcp
kn\n-a-bn¬ ]d-bp-∂p-≠v. ""t\ms°Sm B\-bm-bm-se¥m
tbm-Kw thW-''sa∂v. AXp-t]mse F{X a\p-jy¿°v Pohn-
°m≥ ]‰pw? At∏mƒ a\p-jys‚ kwJy IqSp-∂pt≠m,
arK-ß-fpsS kwJy IqSp-∂p-t≠m. F∂-X√ {]iv\w.
c≠m-a-tØXv, a\p-jy-c-√mØ Poh-P-¥p-°-sf{Xbp-
s≠∂v Adn-bptam \ap°v? aq∂v Zi-e£w F∂mWv B[p-
\nIimkv{Xw ]d-bp-∂-Xv. aq∂v Zi-e£w Poh-P-¥p-°fp-
s≠-∂v. AXp icn-b-s√∂v ASpØImeØv ho≠pw h∂n-
cn-°p-∂p. ]{¥≠v Zi-e£w ]e Xc-Øn-ep≈ Pohn-If - p≠-
-s{X. AXn¬ aq∂p Zi-e-£-Øns\ am{Xta CXp-hsc a\p-
jys‚ _p≤n sh®v a\- n-em-°m≥ ]‰n-bn-´p-≈p. _m°n
HºXv Zi-e£w Pohn-Iƒ˛ImWmØ Pohn-Iƒ˛£p{Z-Po-
hn-Iƒ˛_mIvSo-cnb apX-em-bn-´p≈ Pohn-Iƒ D≠-s{X; a\p-
jys‚ IÆp-Iƒ°v tKmN-c-a-√m-Ø-Xv. Ah-bpsS kwJy
IqSp-I-bmtWm Ipd-bmtWm? henb Ip‰-Ir-Xy-ßsfms°
sNøp∂ Bfp-Isf Aß-s\-bp≈ Cu ]{¥≠v Zi-e-£-
Øn¬ s]Sp-Ømtam F∂-dn-bn-√. A{Xam{Xw ]d™p sIm-
≠v Fs‚ hm°p-Iƒ D]-kw-l-cn-°p-∂p.
33
]pXnb\nb-a-Øns‚ B[n-Im-cn-I-X: {]Nm-c-Whpw bmYm¿Yyhpw-˛4

_men-i-amb {]Xn-tcm-[-߃

A_vZp-d-lvam≥ tdm_¿´v ■- XmWv {]kvXpX D≤-c-Wn-I-sf-¶nepw

hnj-bm-h-tem-I-\-Øns‚ ka-{K-X-°p-
]pXn- b - \ n- b - a - Ø n- s ‚ Isø- g pØp- th≠n Ah-sb-°qSn \nc-¶p-i-amb \ncq-
{]Xn-Iƒ sIm´n-tLm-jn-°-s∏-Sp-∂{X ]-WØ - n\v hnt[-ba- m-°p-hm≥ \mw k∂-
{]mNo-\a- s
- √∂pw Ah XΩn¬ Xo¿-Øm- ≤-am-hp-I-bm-Wv.
¬ Xocm-Ø{X sshcp-[y-߃ Ds≠-∂p- Isø-gpØv]I¿∏p-I-fpsS Ime∏g-
apff hkvXp-Xm-]-c-amb hna¿i-\-ßsf °w sXfn-bn°m≥ Ft∏m-f-PnÃv anj-\-
Nne ]WvUn-X≥am-cpsS ]pkvX-I-ß- dn-am¿ k¿ s{^U-dnIv sIt\ym-Wns‚
fn¬ \n∂p≈ D≤-c-Wn-I-fp-]-tbm-Kn®v {]i-kX v a
- mb Hcp hmNIw km[m-cW - bm-
t\cn-Sm≥ Ft∏m-fP - n-Ãp-Iƒ {ian®p t\m- bn FSpØv D]-tbm-Kn-°m-dp-≠v. At±-l-
°m-dp-≠v. kpXm-cyhpw kpÿm-]n-X-hp- Øns‚ "Zn ss__nƒ B‚ v B¿°n-
amb A°m-Za - nI Kth-jW - ^
- e
- ß
- ƒ°v tbm-fPn' (e-≠≥, 1940) F∂ ]pkvX-I-
shdpwh¿Ø-am-\-߃ adp-]-Sn-bm-Ip-∂n- Øn¬ \n∂p≈ Xmsg tN¿Øn-cn-°p∂
s√-∂-Xp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ Kuc-h-X-c-amb ]cm-a¿i-amWv Ft∏m-f-PnÃv kmln-Xy-
Hcp N¿®bn¬ ]cn-K-W-\-b¿ln-°m-Ø- ß-fpsS I®n-Øp-cp-ºv:
2009 Pqsse-- 34
 ""-FXv ]pXnb\nba ]pkvX-I-sa-Sp-
Ømepw AXns‚ cN-\m-Im-e-L-´hpw
\ne-\n¬°p-∂X - n¬ sh®v G‰hpw ]pcm-
X-\a - mb AXns‚ Isø-gpØp{]Xn-bpsS
Bte-J-\-h¿jhpw XΩn¬ X≈n-°-f-
bm- h p- ∂ {X \n m- c - a mb CS- t h- f tb
D≈q F∂v ImWm≥ Ign-bpw. AXp-sIm-
≠p Xs∂ BZy-ambn Fgp-X-s∏´ cq]-
Øn¬ Xs∂-bmWv ]pXn-b-\n-baw \ap-
°v Xe-ap-d-Iƒ ssIamdn e`n-®n-cn-°p-
∂Xv F∂v \n w-ibw ]d-bmw.'' (B-ib-
-hn-h¿Ø-\w, The Bible And Archeology,
]pdw 288-289)
Ft∏m-f-Pn-Ãp-Iƒ Fgp-s∂-≈n®v
sIm≠p-\-S-°p∂ ]g-In-{Z-hn® Cu sI-
t\ym¨ {]kvXm-h-\°v ]t£ bmYm¿-
BZy-ambn Fgp-X-s∏´ cq]-Øn¬ Xs∂-bmWv
]pXn-b-\n-baw \ap°v Xe-ap-d-Iƒ ssIamdn
e`n-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv F∂ ]g-In-{Z-hn® sIt\ym¨
{]kvXm-h-\°v bmYm¿Yy-hp-ambn ]pe-_‘w
t]mep-an-s√-∂mWv ]T-\-߃ hy‡-am-°p-∂-Xv-
Yy-hp-ambn ]pe-_‘w t]mep-an-s√-∂m- Ãv {In‰nknkw' (HmIvkvs^Uv bq\n-th-
Wv ]T-\ß - ƒ hy‡-am-°p-∂X - v. {]K¬`- gvkn‰n {]kv) F∂ ]pkvXI - Ø
- n¬ \n∂v
cmb c≠v ]pXnb \nb-a-K-th-j-I-cp-sS(1) FSpØptN¿Øn-´p≈ Hcp ]´n-I-bmWv
\nXm-¥] - c
- n-{i-a^
- e
- a
- mbn 1995¬ ]pd-Øn- Xmsg. hnhn[ ]pXn-b-\n-ba]pkvX-I-ß-
d-ßnb "Zn sSIvÃv Hm^v Zn \yq sSÃv- fpsS G‰hpw ]g-°-ap≈ Isø-gp-Øp-]-
sa‚ v: Bƒ C≥{S-U-£≥ ‰p Zn {In‰n- I¿∏v Fgp-Xs - ∏´ Ime-L´- hpw AXns‚
°¬ FUn-j≥kv B‚ v ‰p Zn Xnbdn KpW-\n-e-hm-chpw ]´n-I-bn¬ \n∂v hy-
B‚ v {]mIv‰okv Hm^v tamtU¨ sSIv- ‡-ambn a\- n-em-Ipw.(2)

]pkvXIw Bte-J-\-h¿jw Isø-gp-Øp-{]-Xn-bpsS Ahÿ

aØmbn CE 200 A]q¿W-amb iI-e-߃ am{Xw

am¿t°mkv aq∂mw \p‰m≠v A]q¿W-amb iI-e-߃ am{Xw
eqt°mkv CE 200 A]q¿W-amb iI-e-߃ am{Xw
tbml-∂m≥ CE 125-˛150 A]q¿W-amb iI-e-߃ am{Xw
At∏m-kvX-e-{]-hr-ØnIƒ aq∂mw \q‰m≠v A]q¿W-amb iI-e-߃ am{Xw
tdma¿ CE 200 A]q¿W-amb iI-e-߃ am{Xw
1 sIm-cn-¥y¿ CE 200 A]q¿W-amb iI-e-߃ am{Xw
2 sImcn-¥y¿ CE 200 A]q¿W-amb iI-e-߃ am{Xw
Kem-Xy¿ CE 200 A]q¿W-amb iI-e-߃ am{Xw
F^-ky¿ CE 200 A]q¿W-amb iI-e-߃ am{Xw
^nen-]y¿ CE 200 A]q¿W-amb iI-e-߃ am{Xw
sImtfm-ky¿ CE 200 A]q¿W-amb iI-e-߃ am{Xw
1 sXk-sam-\o-Iy¿ CE 200 A]q¿W-amb iI-e-߃ am{Xw
2 sX-k-sam-\o-Iy¿ aq∂mw \q‰m≠v/\memw \q‰m≠v A]q¿W-amb iI-e-߃ am{Xw
1 Xntam-Øn-tbmkv \memw \q‰m≠v ]q¿W-amb D≈-S°w
2 Xntam-Øn-tbmkv \memw \q‰m≠v ]q¿W-amb D≈-S°w
XotØmkv CE 200 A]q¿W-amb iI-e-߃ am{Xw
^nse-tam≥ aq∂mw \q‰m≠v A]q¿W-amb iI-e-߃ am{Xw
F{_m-b¿ CE 200 A]q¿W-amb iI-e-߃ am{Xw
bmt°m_v aq∂mw \q‰m≠v A]q¿W-amb iI-e-߃ am{Xw
1 ]t{Xmkv aq∂mw \q‰m≠v/\memw \q‰m≠v A]q¿W-amb iI-e-߃ am{Xw
2 ]t{Xmkv aq∂mw \q‰m≠v/\memw \q‰m≠v A]q¿W-amb iI-e-߃ am{Xw
1 tbml-∂m≥ aq∂mw \q‰m≠v A]q¿W-amb iI-e-߃ am{Xw
2 tbml-∂m≥ aq∂mw \q‰m≠v/\memw \q‰m≠v A]q¿W-amb iI-e-߃ am{Xw
3 tbml-∂m≥ \memw \q‰m≠v ]q¿W-amb D≈-S°w
bqZm aq∂mw \q‰m≠v/\memw \q‰m≠v A]q¿W-amb iI-e-߃ am{Xw
shfn-]mSv c≠mw \q‰m≠v A]q¿W-amb iI-e-߃ am{Xw

2009 Pqsse-- 35
 "X≈n-°-f-bm-hp-∂{X \n m-c-amb ]e ]pXn-b-\n-ba`mK-ßfpw hnhn[ coXn-I-fn¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏-´) 1440- ÿ-
CS-thf' Hcp sIt\ym-Wy≥ `mh\ am{X- Isø-gp-Øp-{]-Xn-I-fn¬ hyXykvX cq]- e-ß-fn¬ hmN-I-߃°v H∂n-e-[nIw
am-sW∂v ]´n-I-bn¬ \n∂pw {]-kv]-jvS- ß-fn-emWv tcJ-s∏´p InS-°p-∂Xv F∂ ]mT-t`-Z-߃ \¬In-bn-cp-∂p. hymJym-
am-W-t√m. hna¿i-\sØ t\cn-Sm\pw Ft∏m-fP - n-Ãp- \- { ]- [ m- \ - a mb aX- h n- j - b - ß - f n- t e°v
Hmtcm \q‰m-≠nepw cq]w-sIm≠ ]p- I-fpsS Iøn-ep≈ Bbp[w sIt\m-Wy- shfn®w hoip-∂-h-bm-b-Xp-sIm-≠mWv
Xnb\nba Isø-gpØp{]-Xn-I-fpsS F- ≥ amXr-I-bn-ep≈ Nne ]WvUnX{]kv- ]{Xm-[n]kanXn Cu 1440 ÿe-߃°v
Æw ImWn-°p∂ as‰mcp ]´n-Ibpw Xm-h\ - I
- ƒ Xs∂-bm-Wv. ]c-kv]c
- t- `-Zß- - {]m[m-\yw I¬]n-®Xpw Ahsb Xnc-
AtX- ]p-kvX-I-Øn¬ \¬In-bn-´p-≠v. ƒ ImWn-°p∂ ]pXn-b-\n-ba hN-\-ß- s™-Sp-Ø-Xpw. 1984¬ tN¿∂ ]{Xm-[n-
_lp-`q-cn-`mKw Isø-gp-Øp]-I¿∏p-Ifpw sfm∂pw aX-]-c-amb hnj-b-߃ {]Xn- ]-k-an-Xn-bpsS tbmKw \ne-hn-ep≈ 1440-
BZy-\q-‰m-≠p-Iƒ ]n∂n´ tijw P∑- ]m-Zn-°p-∂n-s√∂pw AXp-sIm≠p Xs∂ \v ]pdsa aX-hym-Jym-Xm-°sf kw_-
sa-Sp-Ø-h-bmWv F∂v hyIv-Xam-°p∂ {]kvXpX sshcp-[y-߃ {InkvXym-\n- ‘n-®n--S-tØmfw {][m-\-s∏-´Xpw F∂m-
B ]´n-I-bmWv NphsS tN¿Øn-cn-°p- ¬ Isø-gpØp{]Xn-I-fn¬ ]c-
∂-Xv. kv]c - h
- y-Xymkw ImWn-°p-∂X - p-
amb 284 `mK-߃°p IqSn-bp≈
H∂v 0 ]mT-t`-Z-߃ {KŸ-Øn¬ ]pXp-
Xmbn Dƒs]-Sp-Øm≥ Xocp-am-\n-
c≠v 2
®p.''
CE 200 4
(B-i-b-hn-h¿Ø-\w, B.M.
c≠v/aq∂v 2 Metzger & B.D.Ehrman, The Text
aq∂v 30 of The New Testament: Its Trans-
aq∂v/\mev 10 mission, Corruption And Restora-
tion, 2005, ]pdw 192-194)
\mev 29
\mev/A©v 16 {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS aX-]-c-
amb Pohn- X - Ø n- \ m- [ m- c - a mb
A©v 39 `mK-ß-f√ Isø-gp-Øp]I¿∏p-
A©v/Bdv 14 I-fn¬ ]c-kv]csshcp[yw ]pe-
P∑wsIm≠ Isø-gpØp{]Xn-I-fpsS FÆw

Bdv 61 ¿Øp-∂Xv F∂ anj-\dn A‘-

Bdv/Ggv 11 {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS aX-]-c-amb Pohn-X-Øn-\m-[m-c-amb
Ggv 40
`mK-ß-f√ Isø-gpØp]I¿∏p-I-fn¬ ]c-kv]csshcp[yw
Ggv/F´v 7
]pe¿Øp-∂Xv F∂ anj-\dn A‘-hn-izm-k-Øn\v
\q‰m≠v

F´v 53
hkvXp-X-I-fp-ambn bmsXmcp _‘-hp-an-√
F´v/H≥]Xv 9
H≥]Xv 184 I-fpsS aX-]-c-amb Pohn-X-sØ Hcp hn- i zm- k - Ø n\v hkv X p- X - I - f p- a mbn
H≥]Xv/]Øv 6 \ne°pw _m[n-°p-∂n-s√∂pw jm^v, bmsXm-cp _‘-hp-an-s√∂v ASn-h-c-bn´
]Øv 277 hm¿^o¬Uv, shkvtIm-´v,- tlm¿´v,- tdm- hmN-I-ß-fn¬ \n∂v kpXcmw hy‡yw!
_¿´vk¨ XpS-ßnb ]pXn-b\ - n-ba ]Wv- Igºp-≈ hna-¿i-\ß - ƒ°v _men-ia - mb
]Øvv/]Xn-s\m∂v 18
Un-X≥am-sc-bp-≤-cn®v "ka¿Yn-°p∂' D≤- c - W n- I ƒ sIm≠v {]Xn- t cm[w
]Xn-s\m∂v 672 Ft∏m-f-Pn-Ãp-I-fp-≠v. F∂m¬ hkvXp- Xo¿Øp-I-fbmw F∂ hytam-l-Øns‚
]Xn-s\m∂v/]{¥≠v 46 X-sb-¥mWv? sSIvÃz¬ {In‰n-°p-Iƒ h©\m-he-bØ - n¬ \n∂v Ft∏m-fP - nÃv
]{¥≠v 1047 kzmb\p-`-h-Øns‚Snÿm-\-Øn¬ hy- kplr-Øp-°ƒ F∂mWv c£-s∏-SpI?
‡-am-°p-∂Xv t\m°pI: Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ
]{¥≠v/]Xn-aq∂v 42
""1966¬ Hc-¥m-cm-jv{S-k-an-Xn-bpsS 1. Kurt Aland, Barbara Aland
]Xn-aq∂v 945
Hcp Zim-_vZ-°m-esØ ]cn-{i-a-^-e-am- 2. ]´n-I-bn¬ "A]q¿W-amb iI-e-߃
]Xn-aq∂v/]Xn-\mev 45 bn Isø-gp-Øp-{]-Xn-Isf ]cn-K-W-\o-b- am{Xw' F∂v ImWn- ® n- ´ p≈ Nne Isø-
]Xn-\mev 819 amb coXn-bn¬ D≤-cn®psIm≠p-ff {Ko- gpØp{]Xn-I-fn¬ Ht∂m ct≠m hN-\-߃
]Xn-\mev/]Xn-\©v 10 °v ]pXn-b-\n-b-a-]-Xn∏v ]pd-Øn-d-ßn. am{X-amWv BsI°qSn-bp-f-f-Xv.

]Xn\©v 412 ss__nƒ hnZym¿Yn-I-sfbpw ]cn-`m-j- hnh: apkvX^m X≥ho¿

I-scbpw Dt±-in®v Xøm-dm-°-s∏´ Cu (Xp-S-cpw)-
]Xn-\©v/]Xn-\mdv 6 ]pXn-b-\n-b-a-Øn¬ kwi-bm-kv]-Z-amb
]Xn-\mdv 330 (hn-hn[ Isø-gpØp{]Xn-I-fn¬ hnhn[

2009 Pqsse-- 36
 -kzm-`m-hn-I-am-sbmcp -am‰w
ap_m-d°v Xncq¿°mSv
Hcp Iq´pIm-cs\ ImWm≥ h∂-Xm-
bn-cp∂p Abmƒ. -]-cn-N-b-s∏-´-t∏mƒ
kt¥mjw tXm∂n. -Hcp apkvenw IpSp-w-
_-Øn¬, Ckvem-anI Np‰p-]m-Sn¬ Pohn-
°p∂ `- m-hhpw thj-hp-am-Wb - mƒ°v. G-
Xm\pw h¿j-ß-fmbn Abmƒ Ckvem-
ans‚ {]Im-i-Øn-se-Øn-t®¿∂n-´v. Cu
{]Imiw Is≠-Øn-b-sXßn-s\sb--∂-dn-
bm≥ -a-\- p-sIm-Xn-®p. -Rm≥ AXn-s\-
∏‰n At\zjn-®p. -
A-bmƒ ]d-™p-Xp-S-ßn: -Hcp ae-
tbm-c{Kma-Øn-em-bn-cp∂p Rm≥ P\n-®-
Xpw hf¿∂-Xpw; -l-cn-P-∑m-cpsS kaq-l-
Øn¬. \me©p hoSp-Is-fmgn--®v _m°n
apgp-h≥ apkvenw-I-fm-Wv. -A-—\v Ipe-
sØm-gn-emb Ip´s\bvØv.- F´p a°-fm-
Wv R߃. tP-jvT≥amcn¬ Hcmƒ cmjv-
{So-b-Øn-se-Øn. B _‘-Øn¬ Hcp
k¿°m¿ B^o-kn¬ tPmen. -a-s‰m-cm-
ƒ°v s]bv‚ nw-Kv. -k-tlm-Z-cn-amsc sI´n-
®-b-®p.
- s N- d p- ∏ - Ø nse Bcm- [ - \ m- I ¿Ω-
߃? -Rm≥ tNmZn-®p. Aº-e-ß-fn-sem-
∂pw t]mIm-dn-√; -A-Sp-sØm∂pw Aº-
e-ß-fn-√-Xm-\pw. -ho-´n\p apºn¬ Hcp
I¬{]-Xn-jvT. -Ip-e-ssZ-htam C-jvS-ssZ-
htam tZh-Xtbm H∂pan√. B I¬{]-
Xn-jvT°p apºn¬ Bcm-[\m`mh-Øn¬
ssIIq∏n \n¬°pw. -]q-°-f¿∏n-°pw,
A{XXs∂. A—≥ Nn√d IqtSm{X]Wn-
I-sfms° sNøp-am-bn-cp-∂p. -a-‰p-]-e¿-
°pw th≠n-bmWv A[n-I-hpw.
]Ømw ¢mkv ]m mbn. kvIqƒ-]-T-
\w Ign-™p. apkvenw Np‰p-]m-Sv; -Iq-´p-
Im¿. A¬∏-a-Ise tImtf-Pn¬ {]oUn-
■- {Kn°p tN¿∂p. -AXp ]q¿Øn-bm-bn√.
\∂m-bn -h-c-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p. AXn-\n-S-
bn¬ Hcp Iq´p-Im-c≥ aptJs\ ÃpUn-
tbmbpambn _‘-s∏´ Hcp tPmen-sN-
øm≥ Bcw-`n-®p. -I-f¿ t^mt´m-Iƒ {]n-
s‚-Sp-°m≥ Hm¿U-dp-Iƒ kzoI-cn-®p. -A-
Xp-ambn tImb-º-Øq¿ t]mIpw. -tIm-gn-
t°m-t´-°mƒ Nm¿Pv Ipd-hm-W-hn-sS.
BZyw as‰m-cmfpsS Iognepw ]n∂oSv
kz¥-ambpw B tPmen-sN-bvXp.- \√ hcp-
am-\-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂p Imiv ho´n¬ sImSp-
°pw. -ho-´p-Im¿°pw kt¥m-jw. -
R-ß-fpsS {]tZ-iØv kp∂n-I-fp-
tSbpw apPm-ln-Zp-I-fp-tSbpw -{]-`m-j-W-
߃ CS-°nsS \S-°m-dp-≠v. -an-°-hmdpw
]mbkw, Imh Cß-s\-sb-s¥-¶nepw
Ip-Sn-°m-\p-≠m-Ipw. Rm\pw AXp IpSn-
°m≥ t]mIpw. -A-Xn-\n-S-bn¬ {]kw-K-
hpw Ipd-s®ms° tIƒ°pw. k - p∂n apPm-
lnZv Bi-b-߃ Gsd-°psd a\- n-em-
°phm≥ Ign-™p. A-—≥ IqtSm{X]Wn-
sNbvXncp∂Xv shdpw X´n-∏m-sW∂v a\-
 n-em-°m≥ A[nIImew th≠n-h-∂n-
√. {]iv\]cn-lm-chpw -sI-´-gn-°-ep-amWv
A[n-I-hpw. I-≈mWv {][m\\nth-Zyw.
Nn-c-´-I-fn¬ Is≈m-gn®v {]Xn-jvT°v
Np‰pw sh°pw. -]ns∂ ]qPm-I¿Ω-߃.
aZyw ssZh-Øn\v A¿∏n-°pI F∂mWv
k¶¬∏w. ]s£, kwKXn HSp-hn-se-Øp-
I A—s‚bpw a‰pw hb-‰n-em-bn-cn-°pw.
-C-Øcw Im´n°q-´-ep-Iƒ kzm`m-hn-I-
ambpw F∂n¬ shdp-∏p-≠m°n. Rms\m-
cn-°epw a - Zyw Ign-®n-´n-√. ]e-Xh- W t{]-
cn-∏n-°-s∏-s´-¶nepw H∂p cpNn®p t\m-
°p-hm≥ t]mepw tXm∂n-bn-√. Cu I¿-
Ω-ß-fnepw ]s¶-Sp-Øn-√. -Xo¿®-bmbpw,
ssZhn--I-amb A\p{Klw Xs∂-bm-bn-cn-
°Ww B hrØn-tI-Sp-If - n¬ \n∂-I∂p
2009 Pqsse-- 37
\n¬°m≥ -t{]-cn-∏n-®-Xv.
Rß-fpsS hoSn-\-SpØv Hcp ss{]a-
dnkvIqƒ -D≠v AhnsS Jp¿-B≥ ]T\-
¢mkv XpS-ßp-∂p-s≠-∂d - n-™p. A
- X
- n¬
]s¶-Sp-°m≥ F¥p-sImt≠m Bi-bp-
≠m-bn. X - p-S°w apX¬ ]s¶-Sp-Øp. Jp¿-
B≥ kq‡-߃ A[ym-]-I≥ ]d-bp-
∂Xv tI´v -a-e-bmf A£-c-ß-fn¬ Fgp-
Xn-sh-®p. A - h sNm√n ]Tn-®p. ImWmsX
sNm√m\pw ]-Tn-®p. -\q-dn-e-[nIw ]Tn-Xm-
°-fp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. c≠ph¿jw B ¢mkv
\o≠p-\n-∂p. Rm≥ apS-ßmsX ]s¶-Sp-
Øp. -C-kvem-ans\ Ipdn®v Iptd Imcy-
߃ {Kln-®p.
Nne apkvenwkplr-Øp-°sf In´n.
-A-h-cp-ambn Zo¿L-amb N¿®-Ifnte-
¿s∏-´p. {- ]-]©- sØ AJnew krjvSn®p
]cn-]m-en-°p∂ H-cp-h\v am{Xta Bcm-
[-\-I-f¿∏n-°m≥ -]m-Sp≈q F∂ ASn-
ÿm\hnizmkw -e-fn-X-amWv, bp‡hpw
\ym-b-hp-amWv; {Kln-°m≥ {]bm-k-an-√.
-ip-]m¿i-I-cn-√, CS-bm-f-cn-√, -aq-∂pw
IqSnb H∂v, H∂v IqSnb aq∂v -F∂ k-
¶o¿Æ-X-I-fn-√. -hn-iz-kn-°m\pw BN-cn-
°m\pw {]bm-k-an-√. -Im-cp-Wy-hm-\mb
ssZhw Xt∂m-sS-m∏-ap-≠v. -Xs∂ ho-
£n®p sIm≠n-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. -Xs‚ a\-
 n-se Nn¥-Iƒ t]mepw Ahs\ H-fn-
°m-\m-hn-√. B Imcp-Wy-°-S-en-emWv
Rm≥ \o¥n-Øp-Sn-°p-∂-Xv -F∂ t_m-
[w c£bpw kam-[m-\hpw \¬In. -a-c-
Wm-¥cw c≠mw PohnXw AXmWv bYm-
¿Y Pohn-Xw. -I¿Ω-߃°v {]Xn-^ew
\¬I-s∏-Spw. -Ir-Xy-amb hnNm-c-W. ti-
jw \c-Iw, As√-¶n¬ kz¿Kw. -A-{I-an-
Iƒ°pw Al-¶m-cn-Iƒ°pw A¿l-amb
in£ e`n°p∂ Hcn-S-ap≠v F∂Xpw
A{I-an-°-s∏-Sp∂ Bew_lo-\¿°v
c£-bp≠v F∂Xpw Nn√d Bizm-ka - √
\¬Ip-I.
A-SpØ {]tZ-i-ß-fn¬ \S-Øp∂
{]`m-jW ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ ap-Sß - msX tIƒ-
°m≥ t]mbn-Øp-S-ßn. -B-Zym-h-km\w
{i≤n®p tIƒ°pw. A-Xn-\n--Sb - n¬ tPmen
\jvS-ambn. ASpØ {]tZ-i-ß-fn¬ -I-
f¿t^mt´m {] nwKv kuI-cy-ap-≠m-bn-
cp-∂Xp sIm≠v -Zq-tc°p sIm≠p t]m-
tI≠ Bh-iy-an-√msX h∂p. -]n-∂o-
SmWv s]bv‚ nwKv tPmen-bn¬ G¿s∏-´-
Xv. -kvI-qfn¬ \S∂ph∂n-cp∂ Jp¿-B≥
teWnwKv ¢mkv apSßn. -]-Tn-Xm-°ƒ
{ItasW Ipd-™p-h-∂-XmWv Imc-Ww.
-]n-∂oSv Ipd-®-Isebp≈ teWnwKv ¢m-
kn¬ t]mIm≥ Bcw-`n-®p. -A-hnsS sh-
®v Ad_n A£-ca - me ]Tn-®p.-- G-It- Ziw
aq∂v amkw sIm≠v Jp¿-B≥ ]mcm-b-
Ww sNøm≥ ]Tn-®p. a-s‰mcp kplrØv-
˛amjm- b n- c p∂p At±lw˛- { ]- t XyI
Xm¬]cyw ImWn-®p. ]e hnj-b-ßfpw
]Tn-∏n-®p. A-t±lw ÿe-Øp≈ Znh-k-
ß-fn¬ an-°-hmdpw At±-l-Øns‚ ho´n-
¬ Xs∂ A¥n-bp-d-ßpw. tPmen Ipd-®-
I-se-bm-bn-cp-∂p. -B-gvN-bn¬ Hcn-°¬
ho´n¬ hcpw. \a-kvImcØn¬ sNm-t√-
≠ {]m¿Y-\-Iƒ amjmWv F\n°p ]Tn-
∏n®p X∂-Xv.
AXn-\n-S-bn¬ Hcp kw`-h-ap-≠m-bn.
sXm-´-SpØ ]≈n-bn¬ {]`m-jW ]cn-
]mSn Ds≠∂v Adn™v tIƒ°m≥ t]m-
bn. DΩ-d-∏-Sn-bn¬ h∂n-cn-°m≥ Hcm-ƒ
]d-™p. -A-Xn-\nsS Ipip-Ip-ip∏pw XpS-
ßn. A - X- n\p i‡n-IqSn Rm≥ ]Xps°
FWo-‰p. -sh-dpsX Rm≥ a-qew Hc-kz-
ÿX D≠m-t°≠. Rm≥ ÿew hn´p.
-]n-∂o-S-dn™p P\-ß-fpsS Ipip-Ip-ip-
∏pw Akz-ÿ-Xbpw -i-cn-b-√. Ckvemw
{Kln-°Ww, ]Tn-°-W-sa-∂m-{K-ln®p
hcp-∂b - mƒ°v ]≈n-bn¬ InS-°m\pw C-
cn-°m-\p-sams° A\p-hmZw sImSp-°mw.
-A-Xp-X-S-bm≥ ]mSn√ Fs∂ms° ]d-
™v -A-∂sØ {]`m-j-I≥ i‡n-bmbn
{]kw-Kn-®p -F-∂v. -]-c-tem-IsØ kw_-
‘n®v Hcp {]kwKw tI´Xv B CS-°m-
Wv. lr-Zbkv]r°mb Ah-Xc - W
- w. kz¿-
Kw, \cIw, hnNm-cW F-∂n-h-sbms°
hni-Zo-I-cn-®Xv a\- ns‚ Bg-ß-fn-te-
°v Cd-ßn-s®-∂p. Rm\msI Akz-ÿ-
\mbn. F-\n°p \a-kvImcw ]Tn-∏n®p
X∂ amjv Ft∂mSv Hcp Imcyw ]d™n-
cp∂p. icn-bmsW∂v tXm-∂n-bm¬ Ckv-
2009 Pqsse--
emw kzoI-cn-°W - s - a-∂v; ilm-ZØv Ien-
a A-t±lw sNm√n-Ø-cm-sa-∂v. Cu ]c-
temI {]kwKw Fs∂ ]nSn-®p-I-f-s™-
∂v ]d-™t√m. kXyw CXm-sW∂v
t_m[y-s∏-´p. -C\n aSn-®p-\n¬°m≥
Bhn-√.
GI-tZiw aq∂p h¿jw Ign™p.
Bdp-amkw apºp-Xs∂ Ckvem-ans‚
kXyw F\n°p t_m[y-s∏-´n-cp-∂p. -]-
t£, A°meØv ]nimNv Fs∂ H∂p
]nSn-IqSn F∂mWv Ct∏mƒ Rm≥ a\-
 n- e m- ° p- ∂ - X v . Jp¿- B ≥ teWnwKv
¢mknse ]Tn-Xm-°-fpsS Hcp kwÿm-
\kwKaw tImgn-t°mSv sh®v -\-S-∂n-cp-
∂p. Ft∂bpw £Wn-®n-cp-∂p. -Rm≥
tImg-n-t°mSp t]mbn. Jp¿-B≥ ]T-\m-
\p-`-hsØ Ipdn®v ]d-bm≥ Ft∂mSv
Bh-iy-s∏-´ncp-∂X\p-k-cn®v Xøm-dmbn
Xs∂-bm-bn-cp∂p Rm≥ t]mbn-cp-∂-Xv.
am-Xr-`q-an, Iem-Iu-apZn hmcn-I-Iƒ ÿn-
c-ambn hmbn-®n-cp∂ F\n°v A - k
- vKd - en
F©n-\o-b¿, \n-Xy-ssN-X\y XpS-ßn-b-
h-cpsS teJ-\ß - ƒ lrZy-am-bn-cp-∂p. A-
h-cpsS t]cp-I-fp-≤-cn®v Hcp _p≤n-Pohn
ssS∏n¬ Rm≥ -{]-kw-Kn-®Xv {]tXyIw
{i≤n-°-s∏-´p. ]-ecpw C‚¿hyq \SØn
Fs‚ t^mt´m-klnXw dn-t∏m¿´p-Iƒ
A®-Sn-®p-h-∂p. -\m-´n-sems° Adn-b-s∏-
´p. B {]kn≤n Fs‚ Xe-°p-]n-Sn-®p.
A¬]w Xe-°\w h∂-tXmSp IqSn Rm-
≥ ]T\w \S-Øn. -]-t£, ho´n¬ Akz-
ÿ-X-I-fm-cw-`n-®p. -a-I≥ \jvS-s∏-Sptam
F∂ `bw IpSpw-_mw-Kß - f- n¬ ]nSn-IqSn.
"-G-sX-¶nepw am∏n-f-®nsb sI´n Ch-\-
ßp t]mIpw' F∂v -A-h¿ \ymb-ambpw
i¶n-®p. -Im-cWw Aß-s\-sbm-s°-bm-
Wv Ah¿ I≠p]cn-Nb - n®p t]m∂n-´p-≈-
Xv. -am-Xm-]n-Xm-°fpw ktlm-Zcoktlm-
Z-c∑
- mcpsams° Ch\v A\y-cmbn Xocpw
F∂ `b-tØmsS Ah¿ s]cp-am-dm≥ Xp-
S-ßn. B Ahÿ Hcp Bdp-amkw XpS-
¿∂p. -A-Xn\p tij-amWv kz¿K-\-cI
{]kwKw tI´-Xv. -A-tXmsS Rm≥ BSn
De™p F∂p ]d-™p-h-t√m. Rm≥
Ckvemw kzoI-cn-°m≥ Dd-®p. Iq´p-Imc-
\mb amsj tXSn-t∏mbn. At∏mƒ am-
jpw -Ip-Spw-_hpw Hcp ac-W-ho-´n¬ t]m-
bn-cn-°p-I-bmbn-cp∂p. Rm≥ aS-ßn-t∏m-
∂p. -Rm-s\m∂p IqSn Akz-ÿ-\mbn.
\n¬°m\pw Ccn-°m\pw hømØ Ah-
ÿ. -cm{Xn sshIn amjv ho´n-se-Øp-a-
t√m R - m≥ ho≠pw amsj Xnc™p ho´n-
se-Øn. -A-t∏mƒ cm{Xn ]Øv aWn Ign-
38
™n-cn-°-Ww. amjpw IpSpw-_hpw Dd-
ßn°gn-™n-cn-°p-∂p. h - o-Sns‚ DΩ-dØv
Rm≥ \n∂p. F - ¥- p-sN-øW - w? hnfn-®pW-
¿Øn Bhiyw -]-d-™mtem! AXp-th-
≠ amjv N - Ssß√mw Ign™v £oWn®v
D
- d
- ß
- p-Ibm-hpw. D- d
- °
- a- p-W¿tØ≠. Rm-
≥ aS-ßn. -
C\n HcmgvN Ign-™mse amjns\
ImWm≥ ]‰q. -Im-Øn-cn-°pI Xs∂. A-
sXmcp h√mØ ImØn-cn-∏m-bn-cp-∂p.
Fs‚ Pohn-X-Øn¬ C{X-b-[nIw sS≥-
j≥ A\p-`-hn® thsd ka-b-an-√. tlm!
Fs‚ ssZhta! Rms\-ßm\pw ac-W-
s∏-´m¬ -Fs‚ Ahÿ. F\n-°m-tem-
Nn-°m\pw IqSn hø. In-S-∂n-´p-d°w hcp-
∂n-√. `£Ww Iogvt∏m-´n-dß - p-∂n-√. kz-
ÿ-ambn Ccn-°m-\m-Ip-∂n-√.
Hcp BgvN AhnsS Fßs\ Ign®p-
-Iq-´n-sb∂v F\n-°-dn-bn-√. B Znh-k-ß-
ƒ Ah-km-\n-®p. amjv h∂p. DSs\ -sN-
∂v I≠p hnh-c-߃ ]d-™p. -I-gn-™m-
gvN cm{Xn c≠m-aXpw Xncn-®pt]mb-Xp-a-
√mw ]d-™p. c≠p-t]cpw ] - ≈ - n-bn-te°v
t]mbn; hpfp-sh-Sp-Øp. a - K- vcn_v Ign-™n-
´p≠,v R߃ c≠p-t]cpw ]≈n-°p- ap-
I-fn-te°p Ib-dn. a-‰mcpw Ahn-sS-bn-√.
"AivlZp A≥em-Ceml C√-≈m-lv h
AivlZp A∂ apl-Ω-Z≥ dkq-ep-≈m-
lv' Rm≥ AXv G‰p sNm√n. Bcm[\-
°¿l≥ A√mlp am{Xw, apl- Ω Zv
Ahs‚ ZqX≥. -Rm≥ km£n, Fs‚
PohnXw km£n. -tijw aKvcn_v \akv-
I-cn®p. amjv Cam-ambn \n∂p. Fs‚
inc p Rm≥ `qan-bn¬ sh®p. -Po-hn-X-
Øn-en-t∂mfw Rm≥ B¿°p- ap-ºnepw
Xe-Ip-\n-®n-´n-√. A-ßs\ Xe-Ip-\n-°p-
∂ kz`m-hhpw F\n-°n-√. -tem-ssII-
tem-I-ßsf ]S® c£n-Xm-hns‚ apºn-
¬, -A-hs‚ ho´n¬, Ahs‚ ssNX\y-
ap≈ akvPn-Zn¬ -Rm≥ kpPqZv sNbvXp.
-A-tXmsS HcmgvN Rm≥ sIm≠p \S∂
sS≥j≥ A{]-Xy-£-ambn. -a-\- ns‚
`mcw Fhn-sStbm t]mbn ad™p. A-
kz-ÿX - I
- ƒ hn´-I∂ - p. ] - d- ™- d
- n-°m-\m-
hmØ im¥X F∂n¬ \nd-™p. -
ho-´n¬ \n∂pw \a-kvI-cn-°m-\m-hp-
am-bn-cp-∂n-√. sXm´SpØ hmb-\m-im-e-
bmWv Rm\-Xn\v kuI-cy-s∏-Sp∂ CS-
ambn I≠-Øn-bXv. hmb-\m-im-e-bpsS
hmXn-e-S®v Rm≥ \a-kvI-cn-°pw. ]e-
t∏mgpap-≠mb ck-I-c-amb Hcp A\p`-
hw -]-dbmw. Rm≥ hmXn-e-S®v Ip‰n-bn´v
\a- k v I - c n- ° m≥ \n∂m¬ HmSn- h cpw
Fs‚ ktlm-Zcn. \ - a
- k
- I
v mcw Ign-bmsX
hmXn¬ Xpd-°m≥ Ign-bn-√-t√m. A-hƒ
Ft¥m kwi-bn-®p. ho´n¬ Akz-ÿ-
X-Iƒ ]S¿∂p. -AΩ Icbpw. Ch≥
\jvS-s∏Sp-at√m F∂mWv thh-em-Xn.
A-—-\p {]Xn-I-cWsam-∂p-an-√. ktlm-
Z-cn--am¿°mWv henb Bi-¶-Iƒ. Rm≥
apkven-am-bXv Ah¿ Adn-™n-´n-√. ]pd-
Øp\n∂v apkvenw Ab¬hmkn-I-fn¬
\n∂v ]eXpw tIƒ°p-∂-XmWv -A-hsc
Bi-¶m-Ip-e-cm-°p-∂-Xv. -td-j≥IS-bn¬
t]mb A\n-b≥ tdj≥IS-°m-cs - \t¥m
]-d-™-Xp-tI´v Ic-™p-sIm≠v ho´n¬
h∂p. R - m-\h - s\ ]d™v kam-[m-\n-∏n®p.
tNem- I ¿Ωw sNømØ Fs∂
(aX]camb kw⁄Ifpw......... t]-Pv- 5¬- \n-∂v- Xp-S¿-®)-
dn-∏mbn sImSp-Øn-cn-°p-∂p. D¬]Øn
33/20 ¬ "G¬' Gtem tl C{kmbo¬
F∂p ImWmw. "G¬' C{kmbo-ens‚
ssZhw F∂m-W-Xns‚b¿Yw F∂v a\-
 n-em-°mw. D¬∏Øn 35/5¬ bmt°m_v
ssZhw X\n°v ktµiw \¬Inb ÿe-
Øn∂v "t_tY¬' F∂v t]cn-´X - mbn Im-
Wmw. ssZh`h\w F∂¿Yw. G¬ F∂v
eLp-hm°n D®-cn-®mepw "A√' F∂v
Xd∏n®v D®-cn-®mepw Cu ]Zw Ad-_n-
`m-j-bnse emC-eml C√√˛ A√m-lp-
h-√msX Bcm-[y-\n√(ssZ-h-an√) F∂
hN-\-Ønse "A√' Xs∂-bm-sW∂v
]nSn-hm-in-bn-√mØh¿s°√mw {Kln-°mw.
A-{_lmw _m_n-te-Wn-b-°m-c-\m-
bn-cp-∂p(C∂sØ CdmJv). At±l-Øn-
s‚ `mj At±-l-Øns‚ k¥m-\-ß-fp-
sSbpw `mj-bm-bn-cn-°pw. \q‰m-≠p-If
- psS
IS∂pt]mI-ep-I-fn¬ Nne D®m-c-W-t`-
Z-߃ kw`-hn-®n-cn-°mw. F∂m¬ Xs∂-
bpw kam-\-X-Iƒ kphy-‡-ambn Ah-
ti-jn-°p-∂p. am¿t°mkv kphn-ti-jØ - n-
¬ 5/41¬ "XeoYm Iqan' F∂ F{_mb
]Zw ImWmw "_mentI Fgp-t∂¬°q'
F∂v A¿Yhpw sImSp-Øn-cn-°p-∂p.
Iqao F∂Xv Ad-_n`mj-bn¬ "Fgp-t∂-
¬°q' F∂ B⁄-°p≈ kv{Xoenw-K-
cq-]am-Wv. 7/11¬ Jp¿_m≥-˛-h-gn-]mSv F-
∂ ]Zw ImWmw. AXpw Ad-_n-`m-jb - n-
¬ AtX A¿Y-Øn¬ D]-tbm-K-Øn-en-
cn-°p-∂p. 7/34 ¬ ImWp∂ "F^Ym'
Xpd°q F∂¿Yw sImSp-Øn-cn-°p∂
]Zw "C^vXlv' F∂mWv Ad-_n-bn¬
D®cn-°p-∂-Xv.
2009 Pqsse--
]≈n-°m¿°v kzoI-cn-°m\mIp-am-bn-cp-
∂n-√. Ah¿ -X-d-hm´p apkvenw-I-fm-Wv.
""am-¿°w Ign-®mtØms\ ]≈n-bn¬ I-
b-‰m≥ ]t‰z-m?'' JpØp-_b - n¬ Camw Cu
hnjbw ssIImcyw sNbvXp. Ckvemw
]Tn-°m≥ h- c- p-∂h
- \p t]mepw kuIcyw
sNbvXp-sImSp°p-I-bmWv th≠-Xv. Zu-
Xy-kw-L-ambn FØnb {InkvXym-\n-I-
ƒ°v A-h-cpsS Bcm-[-\-sN-øm≥ {]hm-
N-I≥ aZo-\]- ≈- nbn¬ A\p-hmZw sImSp-
Øp-sh-∂sXms° {]kn-≤-am-Wv. Ip-d®v
Ign-™m-Wv Rm≥ kp∂Øv I¿Ωw \S-
Øn-bXv. \m-´p-Im-c-W-h-∑m-cpsS A\njv-
Sw IW-°n-se-SpØv Rm≥ -A-h-cpsS ]-
≈n-bn¬ t]mbn-√. Ipd-®-I-se-sbmcp
ke-^n-a-kvPn-Zn-emWv Rm≥ t]mbn-
D¬]Øn 26/21¬ "Fsk°v' "hnhm-
Z-hkvXp' F∂b¿Y-Øn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-
cn-°p∂ ]Zw Ad-_nbnse "i°v-˛kwi-
bw' F∂ ]Z-hp-ambn kam-\X ]pe¿-
Øp-∂p. D¬]Øn 26/25¬ "dlvs_m-
Øv˛-hn-im-e-ÿew' F∂ ]Zw ImWmw.
dlv_Øn\v Ad-_nbn¬ hnimew F-
∂mW¿Yw. ]pd-∏mSv 15/23 ¬ "amdm˛ Ibv-
∏v' F∂ ]Zw Ad-_n-bn¬ "ap¿dv' F∂v
D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p. "_°mA' Ic-®n-em-Wv
Ad-_n-bn¬ k¶o¿Ø\w 84/6¬ "_-
°m Xmgvhc-bn-eqsS IS∂p t]mIp-tºm-
ƒ' F∂ hmIy-Ønse "_°m' ÿe-
t∏-cm-Wv. AXn-\m¬ Hmim\ ss__n-
fn¬ AXv Aßs\ Xs∂ D-]-tbm-Kn-®n-
cn-°p-∂p. F∂m¬ a‰p ]e ae-bmf
ss__n-fp-Ifpw "IÆp\o¿ Xmgvhc'
F∂v B ÿe-t∏-cns\ ]cn-`m-j-s∏-Sp-
Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. GXm-bmepw "_°m'
Ad-_n-bnse "_°mAv' Xs∂-bm-sW-
∂v AXp-sIm≠v sXfn-bp-∂p.
"Atem≥ _m°qØ' "Ic- b p∂
Hm°pac'amWv . F{_mb `mj- b n¬
"s_≥-bm-ao≥' heXp]£-Øns‚ ]p{X-
\m-sW-¶n¬ Ad-_n-bn¬ AXns‚ D®m-
cWw "_n≥b-ao≥' F∂mWv. F{_mb-
`mj-bnse "G¬' "F¬' "A√' F∂o
{]tbm-Kß- s- f√mw Ad-_n-bn¬ A¬]w
D®m-c-W-t`-Z-tØmsS "A√mlv' F∂v
D®-cn-°p∂p F∂-sXm-gn-®m¬ A{_-lm-
ans‚ Imew sXm´v At±- l - Ø ns‚
k¥m-\-]-c-º-c-I-sf√mw Xs∂ ssZh-
sØ hnfn-®n-cp∂ t]cm-Wv F∂-Xn¬
kwi-bn-°m-\n-√. k∂n-KvZ-L-´-Øn¬
39
s°m-≠n-cp-∂-Xv. -Hcp hnhm-l-sØ-°p-
dn®v Iq´pIm¿ kwkm-cn-®p. -B-tem-N\
\S-∂p. \m-´p-Im-cn-bmb A^vfe- p¬ Dea
]mkmb Hcp s]¨Ip-´n-sb-bmWv HSp-
hn¬ Xnc-s™-Sp-°-s∏-´-Xv. hn-hm-l-ti-
jw Ah-sf-bp-ambn ho´n¬ t]mbn. -Ip-
Spw-_-hp-ambn Ahƒ \√ coXn-bn¬ CS-
s∏-´p. -A-hƒ `£Ww hnfºn sImSp-
Øp; H-∂n-®n-cp∂v `£Ww Ign-®p. k - vt\-
l-tØmsS s]cp-amdn, Ah-cpsS Bi-
¶-Iƒ AI-∂p. k-t¥m-ja - mbn C
- t- ∏mƒ
c≠v a°-fp-≠v. HcmWpw Hcp s]Æpw.
kp-lr-Øp-°f - psS klm-bt- ØmsS ÿ-
ew hmßn. -hoSv sh®p. `m-cy-tPmen
sNøp∂p Rm\pw. k-am-[m-\-tØmsS
Ign-™pIqSp-∂p. A-√m-lp-hn\v kvXpXn.
GXv F{_m-b-\n¬ \n∂pw tIƒ°p∂
\ne-hn-fn-bmWv \mw Ipcn-in¬ tI´-Xv.
kz¿KØnse ZqX-∑mcpw AtX t]cn-em-
Wv ssZhsØ kvXpXn-°p-∂-Xv.
tbip {]kw-Kn® ssZh-Øns‚ kphn-
tijw At±lw {]kw-Kn® AtX cq]-
Ønepw `mj-bnepw \ne-\n-∂n-cp-s∂-¶n-
¬ hnhn-[-`m-j-°m-cmb Fgp-Øp-Im¿
"ALLELUYA'°v hcp-Ønb D®m--c-W-t`-Z-
߃ I≠p-]n-Sn-°-p-am-bn-cp-∂p; ae-bm-f-
Øn-teXv "lt√-epb' F∂m°n am‰nadn-
°m-\m-hp-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. Ad-_n-bnse
"A√mlp AAvem' ssZhw AXyp-∂-X-
≥, "A√mlp XBem'AXyp-∂-X-\m--bn-
cn- ° p∂ A√mlp XpS- ß n- b - h - t bmSv
"A√-epb'ASpØp \n¬°p-∂p.
\{km-b-\mb tbip-hns‚ A\p-bm-
bn-Isf \{kmWn F∂v hnfn-°p-∂Xv
Ah-cmcpw Bt£-]-ambn FSp-°n-√.
F∂m¬ apkvenwIƒ, GsX-¶nepw Xc-
Øn-ep≈ hyXn-N-e\w {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂-
hsc, \osb¥v \{km-Wn-bm-sW∂v tNm-
Zn-°p-tºmƒ AX-hsc ZpxJn-∏n-°pw, Hcp
apkvenapw GI-ssZ-h-hn-izm-k-Øn¬
\n∂pw hyXnNe\w kw`-hn-®-h-\m-Wv
Xms\∂v Bt£-]n-°s - ∏-Sm≥ CjvSs - ∏-
Sp-∂n-√. ico^v tate-Xn¬ Hcp \{km-
Wnsb \{km-Wn-sb∂v hnfn-®m¬ AXv
Bt£-]-ambn {InkvXym-\n-Iƒ IW-
°m-°n-√. Ahsc \Ωƒ Cukm-\-_n-
bpsS A\p-bm-bn-I-fmbn AwKo-I-cn-°p-
∂Xv AwKo-Im-c-am-bmWv ImWp-I.
˛A_vZp¬ aPoZv I√-Sn-t°mSv
Jp¿-B\pw- km-aq-ly-im-kv-{X-hpw-˛2
C-kv-em-an-s‚- am\p-jn-Iap-Jw-
s{]m-^-.- ]n- A-–p-√- ■-
tZiw, `mj, h¿Ww, PmXn, aXw,
ÿm\w, am\w XpS-ßnb sshPm-Xy-
Bbp v, BtcmKyw, ߃°-Xo-X-ambn GtIm-Z-c-k-tlm-Z-c-
ß-sf-t∏mse Pohn-°p-tºmtg kaqlw
hn⁄m-\w, kº-Øv, `{Z-am-hp-Ib- p-≈p. AXp km[y-am-IW - s
- a-
k¥m-\-߃ XpS-ßnb ¶n¬ Hmtcm hy‡n-bp-sSbpw a\ v B
DZm-Øh - n-Xm-\Ø- n-te°v Db-cW - w. AXn-
FÆ-a‰ A\p-{K-l-ß-f-{Xbpw \p Jp¿B≥ Ah-Xc - n-∏n-°p∂ Nne \n¿-
A√mlp kΩm-\n® tZ-i-߃ {i≤n°q!
""tl; a\pjytc, Xo¿®bmbpw \nß-
\∑-I-fm-Wv. Cu \∑-I-fp-]-
sf \mw Hcp BWn¬ \n∂pw Hcp s]Æn-
tbm-Kn-®p-sIm≠v ¬ \n∂pambn krjvSn®ncn°p∂p. \nß-
kaq-l-Øn¬ \∑-Iƒ ƒ At\ym\yw Adntb≠Xn\v \nßsf
\mw hnhn[ kapZmbßfpw tKm{Xß-
hmcn- hn-X-dWw. Aßns\ fpw B°pIbpw sNbvXncn°p∂p. Xo¿-
kaq-l-Øn¬ kPo-h-ambn ®bmbpw A√mlphns‚ ASpØv \nß-
fn¬ G‰hpw BZcWob≥ \nßfn¬ G-
Pohn-°-Ww
‰hpw [¿Ω\njvT ]men°p∂h\m-Ip-
2009 Pqsse-- 40
∂p. Xo¿®bmbpw A√mlp k¿∆PvR-
\pw kq£vaPvRm\nbpamIp∂p''(49:13)
hy‡n-Kmw-`ocyw, kap-Zm-b-h-ep∏w,
tKm{X-a-ln-a, Xd-hm-Sn-Øw XpS-ßn-b-h-
sbm∂pw ssZhØn¶¬ AwKo-Im-c-Øn-
\p≈ am\-Zfi - ß
- f- √
- . hnizm-kh- n-ip-≤n-
bpw I¿a-hn-ip-≤n-bp-samØ ssZh-`-‡n-
bpsS DS-a-bm-Wv ssZh-Øn-¶¬ BZ-c-
Wo-b≥. kap-Zm-b-ßfpw hwi-ß-fpw
tKm{X-ßfpw a\p-jy-∑m¿ ]ckv]cw
Adn-bm-\p≈ A√mlphns‚ kwhn-[m-
\-ß-fm-Wv. At\ym\yw a’-cn-°m\pw
alXzw ÿm]n-°m-\p-ap-≈X - √
- . bYm¿Y-
Øn¬ a\p-jy¿°n-S-bn-se F√m D®-\o-
N-Xz-߃°p-sa-Xn-cn-ep≈ a\p-jym-hI - m-
i-{]-Jym-]-\-am-Wn-Xv. AXp \S-Ø-s∏-´-
Xm-I-s´, 1400 h¿j-߃°-∏p-dhpw. 23
h¿j-߃°p-≈n¬ AXp {]tbm-K-h-
¬°-cn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. hf-sc-b-
SpØ ImeØp am{X-amWv sFIy-cm-jv{S-
k-`-°p-t]mepw CØ-c-samcp
{]ta- b - s Ø- ∏ ‰n Nn¥n- ° m≥
Ign-™-Xv. AXn-s‚ {]tbm-K-
h¬°-c-W-am-I-s´, anYy-bmbn
XpS-cp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. h¿K-
Øn-s‚bpw h¿W-Øn-s‚bpw
hwi-Øn-s‚bpw `mj-bp-sSbpw
tZi-Øn-s‚bpw PmXn-bp-sSbpw fl-
m -c y-ß fmb B
aX-Øn-s‚bpw a‰pw t]cn-ep≈
n\v A\
n-h
, HuZmc- yw,
hnth-N-\-ß-fpw kwL¿j-ß- -h n -X-Ø -
\ -
k I
v -
X n-
fpw kwL- ´ - \ - ß fpw sIme- k m a q-ly-Po n-
X n, h - a
nime -
m Ø KpW-h
mb -
ÿ b D Z
Ifpw bp≤-ßfpw hsc Cu ]q¿W-a n´ p-
h ogvNma\ Z w XpS-ßn b
- a
- m-Wv Jp¿
-
- \w , h u-l m ¿ mi
-
imkv{XobbpK-Øn-epw \S-∂p- kwb - a
p -X , aX-k s b∂ al-\o-b
sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. Idp-Ø- n-j vW -Sp-° p I
-
h\pw shfp- Ø - h - \ pw, Ad- aX-k-l f ¿ Øn-sb
ƒ h -Xv
_nbpw A\- d - _ nbp- s ams° ti-j-ß -c n-∏n-°p-∂
h -X
Htc amXm-]n-Xm-°-fp-sS k¥m- B≥ A
\-ß-fm-sW∂ hnim-e-ho-£-
W- Ø nt\ a\p- j y¿°n- S - b n-
ep≈ D®-\o-N-Xz߃ hn-]m-
S\w sNøm≥ Ign-bq. AXm-Wv {]Jym- A¿Y-i¶ - ° - n-Sb - n-√mØ hn[w hnfw-_cw bpw sNøpw. Ahsb iIm-cn-°p-Itbm
]n-®-Xpw. cmPmhpw {]Pbpw Idp-Ø- sNøp∂p: ""aXØns‚ ImcyØn¬ _e- Ah-tl-fn-°p-Itbm sNbvXm¬ Ah-
h\pw shfp- Ø - h \pw ]W- ° m- c \pw {]tbmKta C√. k≥am¿Kw Zp¿am¿K- cpsS hnImcw {hW-s∏-Spw. Ah¿ {]tIm-
]Wn-°m-c\pw apX-em-fnbpw sXmgn-em- Øn¬ \n∂v hy‡ambn th¿Xncn™v ]n-X-cm-Ipw. Ah¿ A√mlpsh iIm-cn-
fnbpw Ad-_nbpw A\-d-_n-bp-sams° Ign™ncn°p∂p. BIbm¬ GsXm- t®-°pw. AXp-sIm≠v AXn-s\m∂pw CS-
tXmtfmSptXmfp-cpΩn `{Z-amb tIm´ cmƒ Zp¿aq¿ØnIsf Ahnizkn°p- h-c-cp-sX∂ al-\o-bm-[ym-]-\-am-Wv Jp¿-
t]mse AWn-tN¿-∂v \n∂p≈ \a-kvIm- Ibpw A√mlphn¬ hnizkn°pIbpw B≥ \¬Ip-∂Xv: ""A√mlphn\p ]pd-
chpw kΩn- { i- a mbn ktΩ- f n- ® p- s Im- sNøp∂pthm Ah≥ ]nSn®n´p≈Xv _e- sa Ah¿ hnfn®v {]m¿Yn°p∂hsc
≠p≈ l÷pw Htc ka-bØ - p≈ {hXm- ap≈ Hcp IbdnemIp∂p. AXv s]m´n- \n߃ iImcn°cpXv. Ah¿ hnhc-an-
\p-jvTm\hpw kº-∂≥ Zcn-{Z-\p-ambn t∏mIpItb C√. A√mlp(F√mw) √msX AXn{Iaambn A√mlpsh
]¶p-sh-°p∂ kImØpw Cu ho£-W- tIƒ°p∂h\pw Adnbp∂h\p-amIp- iImcn°m≥ AXv ImcWamtb°pw.
Øns‚ \nZ¿i-\hpw Jp¿-B-\n-Im-i-b- ∂p.'' (2:256) A{]Imcw Hmtcm hn`mKØn\pw Ahcp-
Øns‚ {]Xn-^-e-\-hp-am-Wv. sS {]h¿Ø\w \mw `wKnbmbn tXm∂n-
AXp-sIm≠v apl-ΩZv \_n tbmSv
aX-k-ln-jvWpX ®ncn°p∂p. ]n∂oSv AhcpsS c£nXm-
{]Jym-]n-°p-hm≥ I¬]n-°p-∂p. ""\nß-
hn¶te°mWv AhcpsS aS°w. Ah¿
Ckveman-Im-Z¿i-Øns‚ ASn-Ø- ƒ°v \nßfpsS aXw. F\n°v Fs‚ aX-
sNbvXpsIm≠ncp∂Xns\∏‰nsb√mw
dbpw ]c-a-{]-[m-\-amb hihpw GI-ssZ- hpw'' (109:6)
At∏mƒ Ah≥ Ahsc Adnbn°p-∂-
h-hn-izm-khpw GI-ssZ-hm-cm-[-\-bp-am- AXyp-Zm-Ø-amb as‰mcp \n¿tZiw XmWv.'' Jp¿-B≥ Ah-tcm-Smbn ]d-
Wv. ]s£, Ch Xo¿Øpw hy‡n-]-c- t\m°q! ""_lpssZhhnizmknIfn¬
bp∂XnXmWv: ""A√; Xo¿®bmbpw CXv
amb Imcy-ß-fm-Wv. Jp¿-B≥ Ah-X-cn- h√h\pw \ns‚ ASp°¬ A`bw tXSn
Hcp D¬t_m[\amIp∂p. BIbm¬
∏n-°p∂ bp‡n-`-{Z-amb ZrjvSm-¥-߃ h∂m¬ A√mlphns‚ hN\w Ah≥
B¿ Dt±in°p∂pthm AhcXv Hm¿an®p
hgn GI-ssZ-h-amb A√m-lpsh Is≠- tI´p {Kln°m≥ th≠n Ah∂v A`bw
sIm≈s´'' (74: 54,55)
Ø-Ww. Ah-\n¬ ZrV-ambn hniz-kn-°- \¬IpI. F∂n´v Ah∂v kpc£nXXz-
Ww. B hnizmkw {]Jym-]n-°-Ww. Hm- ap≈ kvYeØv Ahs\ FØn®psImSp- ""CXv temI¿°v th≠nbp≈ Hcp
tcm sRmSn-bn-Sb - n-sebpw PohnXw Aß- D¬t_m[\a√msX as‰m∂pa√. AXm-
°pIbpw sNøpI. Ah¿ Adnhn√mØ bXv \nßfpsS Iq´Øn¬ \n∂v t\sc
s\-bm-bn-cn-°p-Ibpw thWw. CtXm-sSm-
Hcp P\hn`mKamWv F∂Xp sIm≠m- \nesIm≈m≥ Dt±in®h¿°v th≠n.''
∏w hnizm-k-]-chpw I¿a-]-c-hp-amb Jp¿-
WXv'' hni-Zo-I-cWw Bh-iy-an-√m-Ø- (81:27,28)
B-\n-Im-[ym-]-\-ßfpw {]hm-N-I-N-cy-
hn[w kphy-‡w.
Ifpw KpW-Imw-£m-]q¿∆w a‰p a\p- imiz-X-amb ]mc-{Xn-I-Po-hn-X-Øn¬
jy¿°v FØn®p sImSp-°p-Ibpw th- as‰mcp Xcw hnizm-k° - m-cp≠v. Ah- \c-I-ap-‡nbpw kz¿K-{]-th-ihpw Dd-∏p-
Ww. F∂m¬ Ch {]tIm-]n∏n-t®m, ¿ ]e i‡n-I-sfbpw hy‡n-I-sfbpw h-cp-Ø-Ww. AXn\p £Wn-I-amb Cl-
{]tem-`n-∏nt®m ASn-t®¬∏n-t°-≠X - n-√, hkvXp-°-sfbpw -{]-Xn-`m-k-ß-sfbpw tem-IP - o-hn-XØ - n¬ Ign-hns‚ ]c-am-h[n
ASn-t®¬∏n-°m≥ ]mSn-√. Jp¿-B≥ Bcm-[n-°p-Ibpw hnfn-®p-{]m¿Yn-°p-I- \∑ B¿Pn-°p-Ibpw Xn∑ h¿Pn-°p-
2009 Pqsse-- 41
Ibpw sNø-Ww. AXn\p ]cym-]vX-ß-
fmb D]-tZ-i-\n¿tZ-i-ß-fp-sSbpw hn[n-
hn-e-°p-I-fp-sSbpw kam-lm-c-amWv Jp¿-
B≥. AXp F√m a\p-jy¿°pw th≠n-
bp-≈-Xm-Wv. AXp hmbn-°m\pw ]Tn-
°m\pw ]mc-{Xn-PohnXw {Ia-s∏-Sp-Øp-
hm≥ th≠n D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øm\pw
F√m-h¿°pw _m[y-X-bp-≠v. Ch-b-
{Xbpw aX-]-cn-h¿Ø-\-Øn-eq-sS-b-√,
a\x-]-cn-h¿Ø-\-Øn-eq-sS-bmWv t\tS-
≠-Xv. AXp-sIm≠pXs∂ aX-]-c-amb
]£-]m-X-Øn\pw h¿Ko-b-X°pw Jp¿-
B≥ Xo¿Øpw FXn-cm-Wv. a‰p Xc-Øn-
ep≈ ]£-]m-Xn-Xz-ßfpw ]mSn-√. \oXn-
bpw \ymbhpw Aapkvenw ]£-Øm-sW-
¶n¬ Ah-sc-bmWv ]n¥p-W-t°-≠-Xv.
Nne-{]-hm-N-I-h-N-\-߃ IqSn t\m°q:
""kz¥w Bfp-Isf A\ym-b-Øn¬ \o
]n¥p-W-°p-I(sb∂-Xm-Wv h¿Ko-bX)''
(A_q-Zm-hqZv)
""h¿Ko-b-X-bn-te°v £Wn-°p-∂-
h≥ \Ωn¬ s]´-h-\-√, h¿Ko-b-X-bpsS
t]cn¬ bp≤-Øn-te¿s∏-´-h≥ \Ωn¬
s]´-h-\-√, h¿Ko-b-X-bpsS t]cn¬ acn-
°p-∂-h\pw \Ωn¬ s]´-h-\-√'' (A_q-
Zm-hqZv)
AXp-sIm≠v h¿Ko-b-Xbpw h¿Ko-b-
hm-Zhpw Xo¿Øpw h¿Pnt°-≠-Xm-Wv.
CXp-t]mse Xo{h-hm-ZsØbpw `oI-ch - m-
Z-sØbpw Ipg-∏-ß-sfbpw Jp¿-B≥
Xo¿Øpw \ncm-I-cn-°p-Ibpw \∑-Isf
]c-am-h[n t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-Ibpw sN-
øp-∂p. ""A√mlp \n\°v \¬Inbn´p≈-
XneqsS \o ]ctemIhnPbw tXSpI.
sFlnIPohnXØn¬ \n∂v \n\°p≈
Hmlcn \o hnkvacn°pIbpw th≠.
A√mlp \n\°v \≥a sNbvXXv t]m-
se \obpw \≥a sNøpI. \o \m´n¬
Ipg∏Øn\v apXnccpXv. Ipg∏ap≠m°p-
∂hsc A√mlp Xo¿®bmbpw CjvSs∏-
Sp∂X√.'' (28:77)
t\m°q! F{X kpµ-c-amb A[ym-]-
\w! ]c-tem-I-tam-£-amWv BXy-¥n-I-
e£yw. Bbp v, BtcmKyw, hn⁄m-
\w, kº-Øv, k¥m-\-߃ XpS-ßnb
FÆ-a‰ A\p-{K-l-ß-f-{Xbpw A√mlp
kΩm-\n® \∑-I-fm-Wv. Cu \∑-I-fp-]-
tbm-Kn-®p-sIm≠v kaq-l-Øn¬ \∑-Iƒ
hmcn- hn-Xd
- Ww. Aßns\ kaq-lØ - n¬
kPo-h-ambn Pohn-°-Ww. kky-e-XmZn-
Iƒ sh®p-]n-Sn-∏n-°p-∂-Xnepw Ah°v
sh≈hpw hfhpw \¬Ip-∂-Xnepw hni-
2009 Pqsse--
°p∂ Pohn-Iƒ°v Blmcw \¬Ip-∂-
Xn-ep-sams° ]pWy-Øns‚ {]`m-]qcw
Z¿in-°p∂ Z¿i-\-amWv Ckvemw. £-
Wn- I - a mb cmjv { Sob `uXn- I - h n- ` - h -
߃°v th≠n h¿Kobhnjw No‰p-
Ibpw PmXn-a-X-hn-tZzjw {]N-cn-∏n-°p-
Ibpw Xo{h-hm-Zhpw `oI-ch - m-Zhpw Bbp-
[-am-°p-Ibpw sIm≈bpw sImebpw
Bkq-{XWw sNøp-Ibpw \∑-Iƒ am-
{Xw sNmcn-™p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ kky-
e-Xm-Zn-Isf sh´n \in-∏n-°p-Ibpw D]-
Im-cn-Iƒ am{X-amb ]£n-ar-Km-Zn-Isf
Acn™p hogvØp-Ibpw Zml-P-e-t{km-
X- p-Isf aen-\-am-°p-Ibpw im¥n-tK-
l-ß-fmb Bcm-[-\m-e-b-ßsf CSn®p
kaq-l-Øn¬ kPo-h-ambn Pohn-°p-tºmtg PohnXw
A¿Y-]q¿W-am-hp-I-bp≈p. AhnsS ]e acym-Z-Ifpw
]men-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. {]k-∂-`m-hw, A`n-hm-Z-\w, lkvX-Zm-\w,
\oXn-]m-e-\w, Icm¿]m-e\w XpS-ßn-bh DZm-l-c-W-߃
\nc-Øp-Ibpw kam-[m\ CS-ß-fmb
]m¿∏n-S-߃°v Xo sImfp-Øp-Ibpw
ITn-\m-≤zm\ ^e-ß-fmb a‰p kºm-Zy-
߃ \in-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ \njvTq-
c-∑msc A√mlp Hcn-°epw CjvS-s∏-Sp-
I-bn√ Xs∂. Ah¿°v Cl-tem-IØpw
]c-tem-IØpw Ak-am-[m-\-am-bn-cn°pw
A\p-`-hn-t°≠n hcn-I. hn´p-hogvN sN-
øp-Ibpw am∏v \¬Ip-Ibpw kwb-a\w
]men-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ kpIr-X-hm-∑m-
sc-bmWv A√m-lp-hn-\n-jvSw. Jp¿-B≥
hy‡-am-°p∂p: ""(AXmbXv) kt¥m-
jmhkvYbnepw hnjamhkvYbnepw
Zm\- [ ¿Ω߃ sNøpIbpw, tIm]w
42
HXp°nsh°pIbpw, a\pjy¿°v am∏p-
\¬IpIbpw sNøp∂h¿°v th≠n.
(AØcw) k¬I¿ΩImcnIsf A√m-
lp kvt\ln°p∂p''(3:134)
ImcWw Ah-cmWv tZmj-_m-[sb
kq£n®v [¿a-\njvT ]men-°p∂ ssZh-
`-‡-∑m¿. kam-[m-\-]q¿W-amb kmaq-
ly- P o- h n- X - Ø n\v A\n- h m- c y- ß fmb
Bfl-kw-b-a\w, hn´p-hogvNma\-ÿn-Xn,
hnim-e-a-\-kvI-X, HuZm-cyw, aX-k-ln-
jvWp-X, aX-ku-lm¿Zw XpS-ßnb DZm-
Ø KpW-hn-ti-j-߃ hf¿Øn-sb-Sp-
°p-Isb∂ Xpey-X-bn-√mØ al-\o-bm-
i-b-am-Wv Jp¿-B≥ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.
t\m°q. ""\ns‚ c£nXmhv Dt±in®ncp-
∂psh¶n¬ `qanbnep≈hsc√mw H∂n®v
hnizkn°pambncp∂p. F∂ncns° P\-
߃ kXyhnizmknIfmIphm≥ \o
Ahsc \n¿_‘n°pItbm?''(10:99)
Aic-W¿
IpSpw- _ - _ - ‘ - a p- ≈ - h - t cm- s Sm∏w
Ah-i-∑m-¿°pw B-ew-_-lo-\-∑m-cm-bn-
´p-≈-h¿°pw Zm\-[¿a-߃ sNøp-∂-Xn-
s‚ alXzw hy‡-am-°p∂ [mcmfw
Jp¿-B≥ hN-\-߃ ImWmw. Nne DZm-
l-c-W-߃: ""\nßfpsS apJ߃ Ing-
t°mt´m ]Sn™mtdmt´m Xncn°pI
F∂X√ ]pWyw F∂m¬ A√mlp-
 1967 \hw-_¿ 7 \p am{Xw sFIy-cm-jv{S-k-`-bpsS P\-d¬
Akwªn AwKo-I-cn® "kv{XoIƒs°-Xn-sc-bp≈ hnth-N\ hn]m-S\
{]Jym-]-\'Ønse hnth-N\ hn]m-S\w, Xpeym-h-Im-iw,
thm´-h-Im-iw, DtZym-Km-h-k-c-k-a-Xzw, hnhm-l-aqey {Ib-hn-{I-bm-h-
Im-iw, `mcy-`¿Xr-k-a-Xzw, hy`n-Nm-c-\n-tcm-[w, hnZy-`ym-k-ku-I-cyw,
hnZy`ym-km-\p-Iq-ey-a-h-k-c-k-aXzw, Xpey-tPm-en°v Xpey-th-X\w
XpS-ßnb hIp-∏p-Iƒ t]mepw {]iv\-]-cn-lm-c-Øn\v th≠{X
DX-In-bn-´n-s√-∂-Xn\v B\p-Im-enIkaqlw aXn-bmb sXfn-hm-Wv

hnepw, A¥yZn\Ønepw, ae°pIfn- sImSp°pI. IpSpw__-‘ap-≈ A\m- ""...]pWyØnepw [¿Ω\njvTbnepw

epw, thZ{KŸØnepw, {]hmNI≥amcn-
epw hnizkn°pIbpw, kzØnt\mSv
{]nbap≠mbn´pw AXv _‘p°ƒ°pw,
A\mYIƒ°pw, AKXnIƒ°pw, hgn-
t]m°∂pw, tNmZn®p hcp∂h¿°pw,
ASnatamN\Øn∂pw \¬IpIbpw, {]m-
¿Y\ (\akvImcw) apd{]Imcw \n¿hln-
°pIbpw, kImØv \¬IpIbpw, Icm-
dn¬ G¿s]´m¬ AXv \ndth‰p-I-bpw,
hnjaXIfpw ZpcnXßfpw t\cnSptºm-
gpw, bp≤cwKØpw £a ssIs°m≈p-
Ibpw sNbv X hcmtcm AhcmIp∂p
]pWyhm≥am¿. AhcmIp∂p kXyw-
]men®h¿. Ah¿ Xs∂bmIp∂p (tZm-
j_m[sb) kq£n®h¿.'' (2:177)
""...IpSpw__‘ap≈h∂v Ahs‚
AhImiw \o \¬IpI. AKXn°pw
hgnt]m°∂pw (AhcpsS AhIm-
ihpw). \o ([\w) Zp¿hybw sNbvXv
IfbcpXv...'' (17:26)
A\-¥-c-h-ImikzØv `mKn-°p-tºm-
ƒ t]mepw CØ-c° - msc ]cn-KW- n-°W- -
sa-∂m-Wv Jp¿-B-\nI\n¿tZ-iw. ""...(kz-
Øv) `mKn°p∂ kµ¿`Øn¬ (a‰p)
_‘p°tfm, A\mYItfm ]mhs∏´-
htcm lmPdp≠mbm¬ AXn¬ \n∂v
Ah¿°v \n߃ h√Xpw \¬IpIbpw,
AhtcmSv acymZbp≈ hm°v ]dbp-I-
bpw sNtø≠XmIp∂p'' (4:8)
Ch-sbm∂pw A{X Ffp-∏a - √- . F√m-
‰n\pw kpZr-V-hn-izm-k-Øn¬ \n∂pXv`q-
X-am-Ip∂ Akm-am\y a\x-ÿnXn A\n-
hm-cy-am-Wv. Jp¿-B≥ {i≤n°q! ""F∂n´v
B aeºmXbn¬ Ah≥ X≈n°S-∂n-
√. B aeºmX F¥msW∂v \n\°dn-
bmtam? Hcp ASnasb tamNn∏n°pI.
As√¶n¬ ]´nWnbp≈ \mfn¬ `£Ww
Ybv°v As√¶n¬ ISpØ Zmcn-{Zyap≈
km[phn\v'' (90:11-˛16)
A\m-Y-Iƒ, AK-Xn-Iƒ, hn[-h-Iƒ,
ASn-a-Iƒ XpS-ßn-b-h¿°pw `£Ww,
hkv{Xw, ]m¿∏n-Sw, NnIn-’, hnZym-`ym-
kw, sXmgn¬ XpS-ßnb ASn-ÿm-\-]-
cß-fmb Bh-iy-ßf - p≠v. AXn\pw ]cn-
lmcw thWw. D≈-h¿ klm-b-Øn-s\-
Øp-Itb \n¿hm-la - p-≈p. D≈-h\v B\-
µw, C√m-Ø-h\v Bizm-kw D≈-h\pw
C√m-Ø-h\pw XΩn-ep≈ AI¬® Ipd-
bp-∂p. kaqlw `{Z-am-Ip-∂p. PmXn-, aX,
-h¿K, -h¿W-, tZ-i-, `m-jm-]-cn-K-W-\-
Iƒ°v A-Xo-X-am-bn-´mWv Cu \n¿tZ-i-
ß- s fm- s °bpw \¬Is∏- S p∂sX∂v
Hm¿°Ww. AXp Xs∂ Bcp-sSbpw
Bflm-`n-am-\sØ {hW-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-
≠m-Ic - p-Xv. Jp¿-B≥ ]d-bp∂p: ""... \nß-
ƒ Zm\[¿Ω߃ ]ckyambn sNøp∂p-
sh¶n¬ AXv \√Xp Xs∂. F∂m¬
\nßfXv clkyam°pIbpw Zcn{Z¿°v
sImSp°pIbpamsW¶n¬ AXmWv
\n߃°v IqSpX¬ DØaw...'' (2:271)
P\-k-º¿°w
kaq-l-Øn¬ kPo-h-ambn Pohn-°p-
tºmtg PohnXw A¿Y-]q¿W-am-hp-I-bp-
≈p. AhnsS ]e acym-Z-Ifpw ]men-t°-
≠-Xp-≠v. {]k-∂-`m-hw, A`n-hm-Z-\w,
lkvX-Zm-\w, \oXn-]m-e-\w, Icm¿]m-e-
\w XpS-ßn-bh DZm-lc - W
- ß
- ƒ. Jp¿-B≥
]d-bp∂p: ""\n߃°v A`nhmZyw A¿-
∏n°s∏´m¬ AXns\°mƒ sa®am-bn
(Atßm´v) A`nhmZyw A¿∏n°pI. A-
s√-¶n¬ AXpXs∂ Xncn®p\¬IpI.
Xo-¿®bmbpw A√mlp GsXmcp Imcy-
Øn-s‚bpw IW°v t\m°p∂h\m-Ip-
∂p.'' (4:86)
\n߃ At\ym\yw klmbn°pI.
]m]-Ønepw AXn{IaØnepw \n߃
At\ym\yw klmbn°cpXv...'' (5:2)
""...kXyhnizmknItf, \n߃
A√mlphn∂v th≠n \nesIm≈p∂h-
cpw, \oXn°v km£yw hln°p∂hcpam-
bncn°pI. Hcp P\XtbmSp≈ Aa¿-jw
\oXn ]men°mXncn°m≥ \n߃-°v t{]-
cIamIcpXv. \n߃ \oXn ]men-°pI.
AXmWv [¿Ω\njvTtbmSv G‰-hpw ASp-
ØXv. \n߃ A√mlpsh kq-£n°p-
I. Xo¿®bmbpw \n߃ {]h¿-Øn°p-
∂-Xns\ Ipdns®√mw A√mlp kq£va-
ambn Adnbp∂h\mIp∂p...'' (5:8)
""...X߃°v Zmcn{Zyap≠mbm¬
t]mepw kztZlßsf°mƒ a‰p≈h-
¿°v Ah¿ {]m[m\yw \¬IpIbpw sN-
øpw. GsXmcmƒ Xs‚ a\ ns‚ ]nip-
°n¬ \n∂v ImØpc£n°s∏Sp∂pthm
AØc°m¿ Xs∂bmIp∂p hnPbw
{]m]n®h¿'' (59:9)
""kXyhnizmknItf, \n߃ kZ p-
Ifn¬ kuIcys∏SpØn sImSp°pI
F∂v \nßtfmSp ]dbs∏´m¬ \n߃
kuIcys∏SpØnsImSp°Ww. F¶n¬
A√mlp \n߃°pw kuIcys∏SpØn-
Øcp∂XmWv. \n߃ Fgpt∂‰v t]mI-
Wsa∂v ]dbs∏´m¬ \n߃ Fgpt∂-
‰v t]mIWw. \nßfn¬ \n∂v hnizkn®-
hscbpw hnPvRm\w \¬Is∏´hscbpw
A√mlp ]e ]SnIƒ Db¿Øp∂XmWv.
A√mlp \n߃ {]h¿Øn°p∂Xns\
]‰n kq£vaambn Adnbp∂h\mIp∂p.''
(58:11)
CsXmcp hiØv. adp-h-iØv ]e
Imcy-ßfpw h¿Pn-t°-≠X
- p--ap≠v. clky-

2009 Pqsse-- 43
- k w- ` m- j - W w, clkyw tNm¿Ø¬,
Akqb, ]I, hntZz-jw, tIm]w, AXym-
{K-lw, ]nip-°v, Dul-߃, ]cnlm-kw,
Gj-Wn, ]c-Zq-jWw XpS-ßnb \nc-h[n
Zp¿Kp-W-߃ shSn-tb-≠-Xp-≠v. Ah-
°p≈ Jp¿-B-\nI \n¿tZ-i-ßfpsS Nn-
e DZm-l-c-W-߃ t\m°mw. ""kXyhn-
izmknItf, \n߃ clkykw`mjWw
\SØpIbmsW¶n¬ A[¿ΩØn\pw
AXn{IaØn\pw dkqens\ [n°cn°p-
∂Xn\pw \n߃ clkykw`mjWw
\SØcpXv. ]pWyØns‚bpw `b`‡n-
bpsSbpw ImcyØn¬ \n߃ clky-
D]tZiw \SØpI. GsXmcp A√mlp-
hn¶te°v \n߃ Hcpan®pIq´s∏Sptam
Ahs\ \n߃ kq£n°pIbpw sN-
øpI'' (58:9)
""kXyhnizmknItf, DulØn¬
an°Xpw \n߃ shSnbpI. Xo¿®-bm-
bpw DulØn¬ NneXv Ip‰amIp∂p.
\n߃ NmchrØn \SØpIbpw Acp-
Xv. \nßfn¬ Nne¿ Nnesc∏‰n Ah-cp-
sS A`mhØn¬ Zpjn®p]dbpIbpw
AcpXv.'' (49:12)
""kXyhnizmknItf, Hcp P\hn`m-
Kw as‰mcp P\hn`mKsØ ]cnlkn°-
cpXv. Ch¿ (]cnlkn°s∏Sp∂h¿)
Ahsc°mƒ \√hcmbncpt∂°mw. Hcp
hn`mKw kv { XoIƒ as‰mcp hn`mKw
kv{XoIsfbpw ]cnlkn°cpXv. Ch¿
(]cnlkn°s∏Sp∂ kv{XoIƒ) a‰hsc-
°mƒ \√hcmbncpt∂°mw. \n߃
At\ym\yw IpØphm°v ]dbcpXv. \n-
߃ ]cnlmkt]cpIƒ hnfn®v ]ckv-
]cw A]am\n°pIbpw sNøcpXv. kXy-
hnizmkw ssIs°m≠Xn\p tijw
A[m¿ΩnIamb t]cv (hnfn°p∂Xv)
F{X NoØ! h√h\pw ]ivNmØ]n°m-
Ø ]£w AØc°m¿ Xs∂bmIp∂p
A{IanIƒ'' (49:11)
""\o (Al¶mctØmsS) a\pjycp-
sS t\¿°v \ns‚ Ihnƒ Xncn®pIfbcp-
Xv. `qanbneqsS \o s]mß®w Im´n \S-
°pIbpw AcpXv. Zpc`nam\nbpw s]m-ß-
®°mc\pamb bmsXmcmsfbpw A√m-
lp CjvSs∏SpIbn√.'' (31:18)
""\ns‚ \SØØn¬ \o anXXzw ]m-
en°pI. \ns‚ i_vZw \o HXp°pIbpw
sNøpI. Xo¿®bmbpw i_vZßfpsS
Iq´Øn¬ G‰hpw shdp∏pfhm°p∂Xv
IgpXbpsS i_vZas{X'' (31:19)
2009 Pqsse--
""\n߃ in£m\S]Sn kzoIcn°p-
IbmsW¶n¬ (FXncmfnIfn¬ \n∂v)
\nßfpsS t\scbp≠mb in£m\S]Sn-
°v Xpeyamb \S]Sn \n߃ kzoIcn®v
sIm≈pI. \n߃ £an°pIbmsW¶n-
tem AXp Xs∂bmWv £amioe¿°v
IqSpX¬ DØaw'' (16:126)
""\pWb\pw \µnsI´h\pambn´p≈-
h\mtcm Ahs\ A√mlp t\¿hgnbn-
em°pIbn√; Xo¿®.'' (39:3)
ssewKnIsØmgn¬ F∂ Hma-\-t∏-cn¬ hy`n-Nmcw Acßp
XI¿°p-I-bm-Wv. AXp-hgn G‰phmßp-∂-Xm-I-s´ FbvUvkv
t]mep≈ amc-I-tcm-K-ß-fpw. kv{Xo[-\-`bw ImcWw Bwt\ym
sk≥kkn-eqsS \S-Ø-s∏-Sp∂ enwK-\n¿WbØn¬ Ip™v
s]Æm-sW∂p I≠m¬ {`qW-lXy \S-Øp∂p
""...hymPhm°n¬ \n∂pw \n߃
AI∂v \n¬°pI.'' (22:30)
""hymPØn\v km£n \n¬°mØ
hcpw, A\mhiyhrØnIƒ \S°p∂n-S-
Øp IqSn t]mIpIbmsW¶n¬ am\y≥-
amcmbns°m≠v IS∂pt]mIp∂-hcpam-
Ip∂p Ah¿'' (25:72)
""kXyhnizmknItf, \n߃ A√m-
lpsh kq£n°pIbpw, icnbmb hm°v
44
]dbpIbpw sNøpI.''(33:70)
""NoØhm°v ]ckyam°p∂Xv
A√mlp CjvSs∏SpIbn√. t{Zmln°-
s∏´h∂v HgnsI. A√mlp F√mw tIƒ-
°p∂h\pw Adnbp∂h\p-amIp-∂p.''
(4:148)
""kXy\ntj[Ønte°v [rXns∏´v
apt∂dns°m≠ncn°p∂h¿ \ns∂
ZpxJn∏n°mXncn°s´. Xo¿®bmbpw A-
h-¿ A√mlphn\v Hcp t{Zml-hpw hcp-
Øm-≥ t]mIp∂n√. ]ctemI-
Øn¬ Ah¿°v Hcp ]¶pw
sImSp-°m-Xncn°m≥ A√m-
lp Dt±- i n°p- ∂ p. I\- Ø
in£-bmWv Ah¿-°p-≈Xv.
Xo¿®-bmbpw kXyhn-izmkw
hn‰p kXy\ntj[w hm-ßn-
bh¿ A√mlphn\v Hcp t{Zm-
l-hpw hcpØm≥ t]mIp-∂n-
√. thZ-\-tbdnb in£bmW-
h¿-°p-≈Xv'' (3:176,177)
""hnizknt®¬]n°s∏´
A\maØp- I ƒ AhbpsS
Ah- I minIƒ°v \n- ß ƒ
sImSpØp ho´Wsa∂pw,
P\- ß - ƒ °n- S bn¬ \n߃
Xo¿∏pI- ¬ ]n- ° p- I - b msW-
¶n¬ \oXntbmsS Xo¿∏pI-
¬]n-°Wsa∂pw A√m-lp
\nßtfmSv I¬- ] n°p∂p.
F{Xtbm \√ D]tZiamWv
Ah≥ \n߃°v \¬Ip∂-
Xv. Xo¿®-bmbpw F√mw tIƒ-
°p- ∂ h\pw ImWp- ∂ h\p-
amIp∂p A√mlp.'' (4:58)
am\p-jnI_‘-߃ Du´n-bp-d∏ - n-°m-
≥ A\n-hm-cy-ß-fmb Nne \nb-a-߃
am{X-am-Wn-h. CXp-t]m-se-bp≈ Fºm-
Spw \n¿tZ-i-ß-fn-\nbpw ImWmw. Ch-
bp-sS-sb√mw t{kmX v \nc-£-c-\mb
apl-ΩZv \_n  As√-∂pw k¿h-⁄-
\mb A√mlp Xs∂-bm-sW-∂p-at√
_p≤n-bpsS hn[n?
 ]p-kv-X-I- Ip-dn-∏v-
in-lm-_v- sX-m-Sp-]p-g-
_lp-`m-cyXzw
{]iv\tam
]cn-lm-ctam
(kw-hm-Zw)
kpssl¿ Np¶-Ø-d,
Fw.F≥. Imct-»cn
_lp-`m-cy-Xz-sØ-°p-dn-®p-
≈ N¿®-Iƒ kPo-h-ambn \ne-
\n¬°p-s∂mcp Np‰p-]m-Sn-eq-sS-
bmWv tIc-fob kaqlw IS∂p
t]mbn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. _-
lp-`m-cyXzw Ckvem-ans‚ krjv-
Sn- b m- s W∂v {]Nm- c Ww \S-
ØpI hgn Ckvem-ans\ ASn-°m-\p≈ hSn-sbm-
cp-°p-I-bm-Wv _lp-`m-cy-XzsØ Hcp {]iv\-w
am{X-ambn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂ ]e-cp-sSbpw e-
£yw. Ime-ß-fm-bp≈ hnhn[ aX-˛-k-aq-l-ß-
fpsS Ncn-{X-ß-fnsem-s° Xs∂ _lp-`m-cyXzw
tkm]m-[n-I-ambn \ne-\n-∂n-cp-∂-Xmbn a\- n-
em-°m≥ Ignbpw. ASpØ ImeØv ]pdØv
h∂ Nne sk≥k-kp-I-fn¬ t]mepw Ckvem-
ta-X-c-amb Nne kaq-l-ß-fnse _lp-`m-cy-Xz-
Øns‚ Db¿∂ \nc°v ImWm≥ Ign-bp-∂p-≠v.
]cn-jvIm-cn-Iƒ F∂v kzbw Ah-Im-i-s∏-
Sp∂ Nne¿ _lp-`m-cy-XzsØ IÆ-S®v hna¿in-
°m-dp-≠v. Ckvemw ]Tn-∏n-°p∂ _lp-`m-cyXz
k{º-Zm-b-Øns‚ ss\XnI-Xtbm am\-hn-I-
Xtbm a\- n-em-°p-∂Xvt]mepw bmYm-k-vYn-Xn-
I- X z- a mbn hne- b n- c p- Ø p∂ CØ- c - ° m¿°v
apkvenwkaqlw bYm-hn[n a-dp]S-nIƒ -\¬Im-
dp≠v. C∆njbIamb- N¿®-bn¬ FSpØp ]d-
tb≠ Hcp IrXn-bmWv Np¶-Ø-d-bnse "s\lvd
_pIvkv' ]pd-Øn-d-°nb "_lp-`m-cyXzw {]iv-
\-tam ]cn-lm-ct- am-˛k - w-hmZw' F∂ {KŸw. 1996
Pqsse 28\v tImgn-t°mSv Fw.Fkv.-Fkv HmUn-
t‰m-dn-b-Øn¬ sh®v "_lp-`m-cyXzw {]iv\tam
]cn-lm-ctam' F∂ hnj-bØ - n¬ tUm.-Fw.-F≥
Imc-t»-cnbpw kpssl¿ Np¶-Ø-dbpw XΩn¬
\S∂ kwhm-ZØ - ns‚ ]pkvXI - m-hn-jvIm-ca
- mWv
Cu IrXn.
Ckvemw _lp-`m-cy-Xzw A\p-h-Zn-°p∂p F-
∂pw \_n bpw klm-_n-Ifpw AXv kzoI-cn-
®-Xv Ime-L-´-Øns‚ Bh-iy-I-X-bm-bn-cp-∂p-
sh∂pw ]d™ Imc-t»cn amjv AXv {]tXyI
kml-N-cy-ß-fn¬ am{Xw A\p-h-Zn-°-s∏-´-Xm-
sW-∂pw ka-Im-enI kaq-l-Øn¬ AsXmcp-
{]iv\w am{X-am-sW∂pw ÿm]n-°m-\mWv {ian-
®-Xv. _lp-`m-cyXzw A\n-hm-cy-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂-h-
cpsS {]iv\ß - ƒ°v F¥v ]cn-lm-ca - mWv \n¿t±-
in- ° m- \ p- ≈ Xv F∂ tNmZy- Ø n\v "CXn\v
Rms\¥v ]cn-lmcw ]dbpw? Fs‚ Iøn¬ Hcp
]cn-lm-c-h-pan√. Hcp _mKp≠v, AXn¬ ]cn-lm-
c-an√' F∂ At±-l-Øns‚ adp-]Sn hn⁄-sc-
∂-hI - m-is - ]-Sp-∂h
- c
- psS A⁄-Xbpw kmaq-ly-
t_m-[-an-√mbvasbbp-amWv shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xv.
A[zm-\w, ]Ww, tkh-\w, bp≤w XpSßn
Kth-j-W-]-co-£-W-߃ hsc ]e \ne-°p-ap-
ff ]cn-lm-c-ß-fm-sW-¶n¬ IqSn ]e-t∏mgpw
AXv {]iv\-ambn amdp∂p F∂ \ne-bn-ep≈
efn-X-amb DZm-l-c-W-ß-fn-eq-sS-bmWv _lp-`m-
cyXzw Hcp {]iv\-sa-∂-Xn-ep-]cn ]e {]iv\-ß-
fp-sS-bpw ]-cn-lm-c-amWv F∂ Imcyw kpssl¿
Np¶-Ød ka¿Yn-°p-∂-Xv. Ahn-hm-ln-Xcpw
hn[-h-Ifpw \ncm-ew-_cp-amb \nc-h[n kv{XoI-
fpsS {]iv \ - ß - f n- e qsS IS∂p t]mIp∂
2009 Pqsse-- 45
kpssl¿ auehn Ckvemw \n¿t±-in-
°p∂ I¬]-\-Iƒ ]men®p sIm≠p≈
_lp-`m-cy-Xz-amWv CXn-\p-ff ]cn-lm-c-
sa∂v \n¿t±-in-°p-∂p. Ccp-h-tcm-Sp-ap-ff
kZ-ky-cpsS tNmZy-ßfpw Ah-°p≈
adp-]-Snbpw tamU-td-‰-dpsS D]-{I-a-hp-
sa√mw _lp-`m-cyXzw Hcp {]iv\-sa-∂-
Xn-t\-°mƒ \nc-h[n {]iv\-ß-fpsS ]cn-
lm-c-am-Wv F∂ {]km-[-I-cpsS {]N-c-
W e£ysØ km¿Y-I-am-°p-∂p.
_lp- ` m- c y- X z- s Ø- ° p- d n® am[ya-
N¿®-I-fn-sem∂pw Xs∂ _lp-`m-cy-Xz-
Øn¬ IÆn-If - mb kv{XoI-fpsS {]Xn\n-
[n--Isf ImWm-dn-√. Ckvemw A\p-h-Zn-
°p∂ _lp- ` m- c yXzIpSpw- _ - ß - f n¬
\n∂p≈ aq∂v h\n-X-I-fpsS teJ-\-ß-
ƒ Cu ]pkvX-I-Øns‚ {]k‡n h¿[n-
∏n-°p-∂p. "hnhmlw Ign°q ct≠m,
apt∂m, \mtem'-˛-\m-C-a.-_n.- tdm-_¿´v,
_lp-`m-cyXzw Hcp s]¨]£ hmb\-˛-
sI. ^mXzna klvd, {]kn≤ km£-c-
Xm {]h¿ØI dm_n-bb -- p-sS-"Fs‚ au\
s\mº-c-ß-ƒ' F∂ IrXn-bn¬ \n∂pw
Nne `mK-߃ F∂nh Xß-sf-t∏mse
k¥pjvS IpSpw-_-Po-hnXw \bn-°m≥
`mKyw e`n-°mØ ktlm-Zc - n-am-tcm-Sp≈
kl-Xm-]-a√; Ckvem-anse _lp-`m-cy-
Xz-k-{º-Zmbw \¬Ip∂ ]cn-c-£-bmWv
hy‡-am-°p-∂-Xv.
Ckvem-anse _lp-`m-cyXzw kw_-
‘n® Zm¿i-\n-Ihpw {]am-Wn-I-hp-amb
hi-߃ N¿® sNøp∂ \n®v Hm^v {Sq-
Øv Ub-d-IvS¿ Fw.Fw AIv_dp-am-
bp≈ Hcp A`n-apJw Cu IrXn-bn¬
Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv hgn hnj-b-
sØ-°p-dn® ka-{K-amb [mcW hmb-\-
°m-cn-ep≠m°p-sa∂Xv Xo¿®-bm-Wv.
_lp-`m-cyXzw tImS-Xn-I-fn¬ N¿®-
bm-hp-Ibpw _lp-`m-cyXzw \nbaw aqew
\ntcm-[n-°m≥ \nb-a] - c
- n-jvIc
- W Iىn
k¿°m-dn\v dnt∏m¿´v \¬Ip-Ibpw sNbv-
Xn-cn-°p∂ C°m-eØv Xs∂ "_lp-`m-
cyXzw {]iv\tam ]cn-lm-ctam' F∂
Gsd {i≤n- ° - s ∏- S p∂ Xe- s °- ´ n¬
A\p-Iq-en-°p-∂h - ¿°pw hna¿i-I¿°pw
Hcp-t]mse kp{Km-ly-amIpw hn[w {KŸ-
an-d-°n ]pkvXI {]km-[\ cwKØv
khn-ti-j Im¬sh∏v \S-Ønb "s\lvd
_pIvkv' A`n-\µ - \- a
- ¿ln-°p-∂p. 30 cq]-
bmWv hne.

iao¿ aZ-o\n
a°ƒ°pth≠n IjvS-s∏-Sp-∂-hcpw
a°-fpsS \√ `mhn°v th≠n {]b-Xv\n-
°p-∂h - c
- p-amWv amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ. a°sf
ip{iqjn°p-Ibpw Ah¿°v Xmßpw
XW-ep-ambn h¿Øn-°p-Ibpw sNbvX
amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ°v B{i-b-am-h-iy-ambn
hcp-tºmƒ klm-b-Øn-\mbn kz¥w
a°sf In´msX h∂m¬ GsXmcp amXm-
hpw hne-]n®p t]mIpw.- B-{i-bhpw
klm-b-hp-am-Ip-∂n-s√∂v am{X-a-√ D]-
{Z-h-ta¬]n-°p∂ Xc-Øn-emWv Ah-
cpsS s]cp-am-‰-ß-sf-¶ntem? B {Iqc-X-
bpsS hep∏w hnh-cn-°m≥ Xqen-I-Iƒ
Ai-‡-am-Wv. kz¥w a°-fn¬ \n∂v
XØp-ey-amb Zpc-\p-`h - ß- f- p-≠m-hp-tºm-
ƒ am{Xta ]e¿°pw B apdn-hns‚ Bg-
hpw thZ-\-bpsS ImTn\hyw a\- n-em-
°m≥ km[n-°p-I-bp-≈p.
B[p-\nIkaq-lØ - n¬ Gsd \ng-en-
®p ImWp∂ Hcp {]Xn-`m-k-am-Wn-Xv.
amXm-]n-Xm-°sf ]cn-KW - n-°mØ a°ƒ
amXm-]n-Xm-°tfm-Sp-≈-
I-S-a-Iƒ-
C°m-eØv \nc-h-[n-bm-Wv. Ahsc BZ-
cn-t°-≠-Xn\v ]Icw Ah-tl-fn-°p∂
a°ƒ hm°p-Iƒ sIm≠pw {]h¿Øn-
Iƒ sIm≠pw Ahsc D]-{Z-hn-°p-Ibpw
Xs‚ `uXn-Im-k-vXn-Xz-Øn\v \nan-Ø-
amb B ]mh-ßsf sIm∂pIf-bm≥
hsc apXn-cp∂ a°-fpsS FÆw h¿[n®p
hcp-∂X- m-bn-´mWv ]{X-am-[y-a߃ \-sΩ
Hm¿an-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.
amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ Hcp `mc-ambn tXm-
∂p-tºmƒ Ahsc sIm≠p-t]mbn hr≤-
k-Z-\-ß-fn¬ G¬]n®v Bizmkw sIm-
≈p∂ a°ƒ h√mØ HuZmcyw sNbvX-
`m-h-Øn-em-Wp-≈-Xv. AØcw hr≤-k-Z-
\-ß-fnepw AK-Xn-a-µn-c-ß-fnepw Ign-bp-
∂ amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ kwXr-]vX-cmtWm
■- F∂v Ah-tcmSv Xs∂ tNmZn®p t\m°p-
I. Pohn-X-Ønse k¶-S-߃ Ah¿
AhnsS ]c-kv]cw ]¶p-sh®v ]eXpw
ad-°m≥ {ian®v Pohn-Xs - a∂ henb `mcw
X≈n-\o-°m≥ InW™p {ian®p sIm-
≠n-cn-°-bmWv Ah-cn¬ `qcn-`m-Khpw.
F¥v sIm≠nßs\-bmbn? ssZhnIam¿-
KZ¿i-\-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw AI∂v Pohn-®-
Xns‚ ^ew. a°ƒ°v [m¿anIt_m[w
]I¿∂p\¬Im-ØXp sIm≠v amXr-˛-
]nXr _‘-ß-fpsS alXzw Ah¿ Xncn-
®-dn-bmsX t]mbn.
]hn-{X-amb _‘w
]S®Xºp-cms‚ krjvSn-bmWv a\p-
jy-sc-¶nepw Ah-cpsS P\-\-Øns‚
{]Xy-£-Øn-ep≈ Imc-W-°m-cmbn h¿-
Øn-®Xv amXm-]n-Xm-°-fm-Wv. Ckvemw
Cu _‘sØ AXn-a-l-Ø-c-ambn Im-
Wp-∂p. tIhe hnIm-c-i-a-\-Øn\p th-
≠n CW-tN-ce - n¬ bmZr-—n-Ia- m-bp-≠mb
H∂m-bn-´√ Ckvemw CXns\ ImWp-∂-
Xv. BZ-cn-°p-Ibpw _lp-am-\n-°p-Ibpw
sNtø≠, IS-a-Ifpw IS-∏m-Sp-I-fp-ap≈
2009 Pqsse-- 46
al-Ømb _‘-am-WXv. B _‘-Øn-
¬ \n∂mWv kXy-Øn¬ a‰p _‘-ß-
fp≠mbXv. A√mlp ]d-bp∂p: ""a\p-jy-
tc, \nßsf Htc BXvamhn¬ \n∂v
krjvSn°pIbpw, AXn¬ \n∂pXs∂
AXns‚ CWsbbpw krjvSn°pIbpw,
Ah¿ Ccphcn¬ \n∂pambn [mcmfw
]pcpj≥amscbpw kv{XoIsfbpw hym]n-
∏n°pIbpw sNbvXh\mb \nßfpsS
c£nXmhns\ \n߃ kq£n°phn≥.
GsXmcp A√mlphns‚ t]cn¬ \nß-
ƒ At\ym\yw tNmZn®p sIm≠ncn-°p-
∂pthm Ahs\ \n߃ kq£n°pI.
IpSpw__‘ßsfbpw (\n߃ kq-
£n°pI) Xo¿®bmbpw A√mlp \nß-
sf \nco£n®p sIm≠ncn°p∂h\m-
Ip∂p.'' (4:1)
amXm- ] n- X m- ° ƒ°v \∑- s N- ø m≥
hnip-≤J - p¿-B≥ ]ehpcp Bh¿Øn-°p-
∂p-≠v. A√mlp ]d-bp∂p: ""Xs∂b√m-
sX \n߃ Bcm[n°cpsX∂pw, amXm-
]nXm°ƒ°v \≥asNøWsa∂pw \n-
s‚ c£nXmhv hn[n®ncn°p∂p. Ahcn-
¬ (amXm]nXm°fn¬) Hcmtfm Ah¿
c≠v t]cpw Xs∂tbm \ns‚ ASp°¬
sh®v hm¿[Iyw {]m]n°pIbmsW¶n-
¬ AhtcmSv \o sO! F∂v ]dbpItbm,
Ib¿°pItbm sNøcpXv. AhtcmSv \o
am\yamb hm°v ]dbpI. ImcpWytØm-
Sv IqSn FfnabpsS NndIv \o Ah¿ Ccp-
h¿°pw XmgvØnsImSp°pIbpw sN-
øpI. Fs‚ c£nXmth, sNdp∏Øn¬
Ch¿ Ccphcpw Fs∂ t]m‰nhf¿Øn-
bXv t]mse ChtcmSv \o IcpW ImWn-
°Wta F∂v \o ]dbpIbpw sNøpI.''
(17:23,24)
kz¥w amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ Ahn-izm-kn-
Ifpw ssZh-\n-tj-[n-I-fp-am-sW-¶n¬
t]m-epw B _‘w ]cn-KW - n®p sIm≠v
Ah¿°v \∑-Iƒ sNbvXp sImSp-°m≥
Jp¿-B≥ {]tXyIw DW¿Øp-∂p. ""a\p-
jy\v Xs‚ amXm]nXm°fpsS Imcy-
Øn-¬ \mw A\pimk\w \¬In-bncn-
°p∂p˛£oWØn\pta¬ £oWhpam-
bn´mWv amXmhv Ahs\ K¿`wNpa∂v
\S∂Xv. Ahs‚ apeIpSn \n¿Øp∂Xm-
Is´ c≠ph¿jw sIm≠pamWv˛Ft∂m-
Spw \ns‚ amXm]nXm°tfmSpw \o \µn-
ImWn°q. Fs‚ ASptØ°mWv (\n-
s‚) aS°w. \n\°v bmsXmcp Adnhpan-
√mØ h√Xns\bpw Ft∂mSv \o ]¶p-
tN¿°p∂ ImcyØn¬ Ah¿ Ccphcpw
\ns‚ ta¬ \n¿_‘w sNepØp∂ ]-
£w Ahsc \o A\pkcn°cpXv. Cl-
temIØv \o AhtcmSv \√\nebn¬
klhkn°pIbpw, F∂nte°v aSßn-
bhcpsS am¿Kw \o ]n¥pScpIbpw sN-
øpI. ]ns∂ Fs‚ ASptØ°mIp∂p
\nßfpsS aS°w. At∏mƒ \n߃ {]h-
¿Øn®ncp∂Xns\∏‰n Rm≥ \nßsf
hnhcadnbn°p∂XmWv.''(31: 14,15 )
Ahn-izm-kn-bmb amXm-hp-am-bp≈
BZ¿ikwL-´-\-Øn-em-bn-cp∂p {]hm-
NIin£y-\mb kAZv_v\p A_o h-
Jmkv . At±lw {]hm-N-I≥ apl-ΩZv
\_n bpsS BZ¿iw kzoI-cn-®-Xn¬
amXmhv lw\ ISpØ Ak-¥pjvSn {]I-
Sn-∏n-®p. Ah¿ aIs\ Xs‚ Xocp-am-\-
Øn¬ \n∂v ]n¥n-cn-∏n®v ]q¿∆ aX-Øn-
¬ ]nSn®p \n¿Øm≥ InW™v ]cn-{i-
an-®p. Ah-km\w lw\ aI≥ kAvZn-
t\mSv ]d™p: ""tams\, \o \ns‚ ]pXn-
b aXw Dt]-£n-°p-∂Xv hsc Rm≥
`£Ww Ign-°p-Itbm sh≈w IpSn-°p-
Itbm C√. Aßs\ Rm≥ ]´nWnInS-
∂v acn-°pw. ]n∂oSv "amXm-hns\ sIm∂-
h≥' F∂ t]cn¬ BfpIƒ \ns∂
Bt£]n°pw.'' lw\-bpsS i]-Y-hp-am-
bn Znh-k-߃ Ign-™p. amXm-hns‚
kvYnXn¬ thZ-\n® {]nb ]p{X-≥ kAvZv
h√msX {]bm- k - s ∏- ´ p. HcphiØv
kvt\l-\n-[n-bmb amXm-hv. adp-h-iØv
Xm≥ Xncn-®-dn™, kXy-Øns‚ am¿K-
Øn-¬ Xs‚ {kjvSmhpw c£n-Xm-hp-
amb A√mlp Ahs‚ ZqX≥ apl-ΩZv
\_n bneqsS ]Tn-∏n® Ckvem-sa∂
al-Ømb BZ¿iw. k¶Sw ISn-®-a¿-
Øn kAvZv {]hm-NI k∂n-[n-seØn
hnh-ca - d
- nbn®p. Cu ]›m-Øe
- Ø
- n-emWv
hnip-≤-Jp¿-B-\nse {]kvXpX kq‡-
߃ Ah-Xc-- n-®-Xv.
2009 Pqsse--
hm¿[-Iy-Øn-em-b-bm-fp-Iƒ ]e-X-c-Øn-ep-ff kwkm-c-ßfpw
s]cp-am-‰-ßfpw {]I-Sn-∏n°pw. ]eXpw _p≤n-iq-\yhpw
A\-h-k-c-Øn-ep-≈-Xp-am-tb-°pw. AXv kzm`m-hn-I-am-Wv.
AXn¬ Ah-tcmSv tZjy-s∏-Sp-Ibpw Ib¿Øp
kwkm-cn--°p-Ibpw sNøcp-X-v
Aßs\ sXfn-a-bm¿∂ BZ¿i-Øn-
s‚ kXy-]m-X-bn¬ Xs∂ kAvZv 
ASn-bp-d®v \n∂-t∏mƒ amXmhv lw\°v
Xs‚ i]Yw ewLn®v \ncm-lm-c-k-acw
Dt]-£n-t°≠n h∂p. A{]-Imcw Xs∂
A_q-_-°¿ hns‚ aIƒ Akvam-Av
 Ahn-izm-kn-bmb amXm-hp-ambn _‘w
]pe¿Øp-∂X - ns\ Ipdn®v tNmZn-®t- ∏mƒ
_‘w tN¿°p-hm-\mWv \_n  Ah-
tcmSv ]d-™-Xv. (_p-Jm-cn)
hnip-≤J - p¿-B≥ 29:8epw kam-\a - mb
hN\w ImWmw. At∏mƒ kXy-hn-izm-
kn-bmb amXm-]n-Xm-°sf F{X-I≠v
]cn-K-Wn-°-W-sa∂v ]d-tb-≠-Xn-√t√m?
\_n  ]d-bp∂p: ""d∫ns‚ {]oXn amXm-
]n-Xm--°-fpsS Xr]vXn-bn-emWv. d∫ns‚
tIm]w amXm-]n-Xm-°f - psS tIm]-Øn-ep-
am-Wv.'' (Xn¿an-Zn)
as‰m- c n- ° ¬ Ahn- S p∂v ]d™p:
""Ah-cm-Wv \ns‚ kz¿Khpw \c-Khpw''
AYhm Ah-cn-eqsS AXntesX¶n-epw
\n-\°v t\Smw. amXm-]n-Xm-°-fpsS Xr]v-
Xn t\Sm≥ A√mlp hne-°nb sX‰p-I-
fpw sNøm-sa∂v CXn\v A¿Y-an-√. {kjv-
Sm-hmb A√m-lp-hns\ [n°-cn®p sIm-
≠v Hcp krjvSn-tbbpw A\p-k-cn-°-cp-
sX--∂mWv Ckvemw ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. A-
tXmsSm∏w Xs∂ Ah-tcmSv ]men-t°-
≠ acym-ZI - fpw IS-aI - fpw \_n  \nch-
[n hN-\ß - f - n-eqsS hy‡-am-°n-bn-´p-≠v.
\∑ sNøpI
amXm- ] n- X m- ° - f psS Bh- i y- ß ƒ
I≠-dn™v \n¿h-ln-°m≥ km[n-t°-≠-
Xp-≠v. sNdp-∏-Im-eØv \ΩpsS Bh-iy-
߃ \n¿h-ln®p X∂Xv Ah-cm-bn-cp-∂p-
sh∂ Imcyw ad-°m-Xn-cn-°p-I. ""8,9 a°-
fp-≠m-bn´pw Fs‚ kvYnXn CXm-bt√m!''
F∂v amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ ]cn-X] - n-°p∂ ho-
Sp-I-fn¬ d∫ns‚ im]tIm]-ß-f-√msX
A\p-{K-l-ß-fn-d-ßp-sa∂v {]Xo-£n-°p-
I km[y-a-√. imco-cn-Ihpw kmº-Øn-I-
hp-sam-s°-bmbn \sΩ sIm≠v Ign-bp∂
hn[-Øn-sems° Ahsc klm-bn-°p-I.
amXm-]n-Xm-°-fpsS \∑-°p-th≠n ka-
47
bhpw kºØpw Btcm-Ky-hp-sams°
sNe-h-gn-°¬ al-Øm-b ]pWy-I-c-am-
bn-´mWv Ckvemw ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. Ah¿
\ap°v th≠n A\p-`-hn® IjvS-X-Iƒ
FÆ-a-‰Xpw Ah¿W-\o-b-hp-am-Wv. A-
√m-lp ]d-bp∂p: ""a\pjy\v Xs‚ amXm-
]nXm°fpsS ImcyØn¬ \mw A\p-
imk\w \¬Inbncn°p∂p˛ £oWØn-
\pta¬ £oWhpambn´mWv amXmhv
Ahs\ K¿`wNpa∂v \S∂Xv. Ahs‚
apeIpSn \n¿Øp∂XmIs´ c≠ph¿jw
sIm≠pamWv˛Ft∂mSpw \ns‚ amXm]n-
Xm°tfmSpw \o \µnImWn°q. Fs‚
ASptØ°mWv (\ns‚) aS°w.''(31:14)
B IjvSX- I- ƒ Xncn-®d
- n-bp∂ hnizm-
kn-Iƒ \S-Øp∂ {]m¿Y-\bpw A√mlp
DW¿Øn-bn-´p≠v: ""Xs‚ amXm]nXm-
°tfmSv \√\nebn¬ h¿Øn°Wsa∂v
\mw a\pjyt\mSv A\pim-kn®ncn-°p-
∂p. Ahs‚ amXmhv {]bmks∏´psIm-
≠v Ahs\ K¿`w[cn°pIbpw, {]bmk-
s∏´psIm≠v Ahs\ {]khn°pIbpw
sNbvXp. Ahs‚ K¿`Imehpw apeIp-
Sn\n¿Øepw IqSn ap∏Xv amk°meam-
Ip∂p. Aßs\ Ah≥ Xs‚ ]q¿Æi-
IvXn {]m]n°pIbpw \m¬]Xv hb n-
seØpIbpw sNbv X m¬ C{]Imcw
]dbpw: Fs‚ c£nXmth, F\n°pw
Fs‚ amXm]nXm°ƒ°pw \o sNbvXp
X∂n´p≈ A\p{KlØn\v \µnImWn-
°phm\pw \o Xr]vXns∏Sp∂ k¬I¿-
Ωw {]h¿Øn°phm\pw \o F\n°v {]-
tNmZ\w \¬tIWta. Fs‚ k¥Xn-
Ifn¬ \o F\n°v \≥abp≠m°nØcn-
Ibpw sNtøWta. Xo¿®bmbpw Rm≥
\n∂nte°v tJZn®paSßnbncn°p∂p.
Xo¿®bmbpw Rm≥ Iogvs∏Sp∂hcpsS
Iq´ØnemIp∂p.''(46:15)
\_n bps-S ASp-°¬ Hcn-°¬
Hcm-ƒ h∂psIm≠v ]d™p: ""{]hm-N-
I-sc, A√m-lp-hns‚ {]oXn-bm-{K-ln®p
sIm≠v Ahs‚ am¿K-Øn-ep≈ [¿a-k-
a-c-Øn\pw (Pn-lm-Zv) tZi]cn-Xym-K-Øn-
\pw (lnPvd) Rm≥ Xm¶tfmSv DS-ºSn
sNøp-∂p.'' \_n  Abm-tfmSv Xncn®p
tNmZn®p: "\ns‚ amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ Pohn®n-
c
- n-∏pt≠m?' "AsX' F∂p ]d-™ Abm-
tfmSv \_n  C{]Imcw ]d-™p: ""\o
\ns‚ amXm-]n-Xm-°-fpsS ASptØ°v
aS-ßn-t∏m-hp-I. Ah-tcmSv \√ coXn-bn¬
kl-h-kn-°p-I.'' (_p-Jm-cn, apkvenw)
Nne dnt∏m¿´p-I-fn¬ C{X-IqSn Im-
Wmw ""Rm≥ Fs‚ amXm-]n-Xm-°sf Ic-
bn-∏n-®p sIm≠mWv Aß-bpsS ASp-°-
te°v h∂Xv'' At∏mƒ \_n  ]d-
™p: ""\o Ah-cn-te°v aS-ßn-t∏m-hpI.
F∂n´v \o Ahsc Ic-bn-∏n-®Xv t]mse
Ahsc \o Nncn-∏n-°p-I.'' (A-_q-Zm-hqZv)
hr≤-cmb amXm-]n-Xm-°-fp-≠m-bn´pw
AXn-eqsS kz¿K-{]-th-i\w km[n-°m-
Ø-hsc lX-`m-Ky-sc-∂mWv \_n 
hnti-jn-∏n-®-Xv.
Bt£-]n-°m-Xn-cn-°pI
hm¿[-Iy-Øn-em-b-bm-fp-Iƒ ]e-X-c-
Øn- e p- f f kwkm- c - ß fpw s]cp- a m- ‰ -
ßfpw {]I-Sn-∏n°pw. ]eXpw _p≤n-iq-
\yhpw A\-hk - c
- Ø
- n-ep-≈X
- p-am-tb-°pw.
AXv kzm`m-hn-Ia - m-Wv. AXn¬ Ah-tcmSv
tZjy-s∏-Sp-Ibpw Ib¿Øpkwkm-cn-°p-
Ibpw sNøp∂ a°ƒ hf-sc-tb-sd-bp-
≠v. \ΩpsS sNdp-{]m-b-Øn¬ Ah-cpsS
aSn-bn-en-cp∂v \Ωfpw ]e Ahn-th-Ihpw
Im´pIbpw ]d-bp-I-bp-sams° sNbvXn-
´p-≠mhpI kzm`m-hn-I-am-Wv. A∂v A-
sXms° tIƒ°p-Ibpw \sΩ Nnc-n∏n-
°p-Ibpw Ifn-∏n-°p-Ibpsams° sNbvX-
h-cmWv C∂v hr≤-cm-bn -am-dnb \ΩpsS
amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ F∂Xv \mw ad-°m-Xn-
cn-°p-I. \msf \ap°pw CXp-t]m-semcp
Zp¿_emhÿ hcm- \ n- c n- ° p- ∂ - X ns\
Ipdn®pw Hm¿°p-∂Xv \∂m-bn-cn-°pw.
amXm-]n-Xm-°tfmSv Fßs\ s]cp-am-d-
2009 Pqsse--
W-sa∂v ]Tn-∏n®p sIm≠v hnip-≤-Jp¿-
B≥ 17:23¬ ""\nß- f - h - t cmSv sO!
F∂pt]mepw ]d-b-cpXv'' F∂v ]d-™-
Xv {it≤-b-am-Wv.
]s£,- A- X n- t \- ° mƒ F{Xtbm
Kpcp-X-c-amb hm°p-Ifpw s]cp-am-‰-ß-fp-
amWv C∂v an° amXm-]n-Xm-°-tfmSpw
kz¥w a°ƒ {]I-Sn-∏n®p sIm≠n-cn-°p-
∂Xv! sImSnb i{Xp-hn-t\m-sS∂ t]mse
i‡-amb iIm-cß - fpw Bt{Im-iß- fpw
]cn-jvIr-Xk - a
- q-lØ- nepw Ipd-h√ F∂-
XmWv bmYm¿Yyw.
\_n  ]d-bp∂p: ""amXm-]n-Xm-°sf
NoØ hnfn-°p-∂-hsc A√mlp i]n-®n-
cn-°p-∂p.'' (A-lva-Zv) AsXmcp h≥]m-
]-am-bn-´mWv \_n  ]Tn∏n-®-Xv. Ahn-
Sp∂v ]d™p: ""Hcmƒ Xs‚ amXm-]n-Xm-
°sf NoØ-]-d-b¬ h≥]m-]-ß-fn¬-
s]´-XmWv-.''(_pJm-cn, apkvenw)
as‰m-cm-fpsS amXm-]n-Xm-°sf NoØ-
hnfn-°p-∂Xpw Ahn-Sp∂v hne-°n-bn-´p-
≠v. A\ycpsS amXm-]n-Xm-°-sf NoØ-
hn-fn-®m¬ AXv Imc-Wa - mbn Ah¿ Xncn-
®pw AXp-t]mse NoØ ]d-bptºmƒ
AXns‚ Imc-W-°m-c-s\∂ \ne-bn¬
kz¥w amXm-]n-Xm-°sf iIm-cn®hs\
sNdp-∏-Øn¬ Fs∂ t]m‰n hf¿Øn-bXp t]mse Ch-tcmSv
\o Icp-W-Im-Wn-t°-Wta F∂ Jp¿-B-\nI {]m¿Y\
Ccp-X-e-aq¿®-bp≈ Hcm-bp[am-Wv. Ip´n-Isf ]cn-]m-en-°p∂
hnj-b-Øn¬ {i≤-bn-√m-Ø-, ape-bq-´m≥ aSn-Im-Wn-°p-∂
"]cn-jvIrX' amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ°v AØcw {]m¿Y-\-Iƒ
Xncn-®-Sn-bmbn -amdpw
t]mse-bm-Wv A-hs\∂pamWv \_n 
bpsS lZo-Yp-Iƒ ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.
_p≤n-ap-´n-°m-Xn-cn-°pI
amXm-]n-Xm-°t- fmSv Ib¿Øp kwkm-
cn- ° p- ∂ - h - s cbpw ASn- a - I - s f- t ]mse
Ahsc AS°n `cn-°p-∂h - s - c-bp-sams°
B[p-\nIkaq-l-Øn¬ ImWmw. \n m-
cImcy-߃°p th≠n Ah-tcmSv hg-°-
Sn-°p-Ibpw ho´n¬ \n∂v B´n-∏p-d-Øm-
°pIbpw sNøp∂ kw`-h-߃ hsc
Cs∂mcp hm¿Ø-b√mXmbn amdnbn´p-
≠v. aZy-]n-°m≥ ss]k- \¬Im-Ø-Xn-
s‚ t]cn¬ amXm-hns‚ Igp-Ø-dpØ
aIs‚ IY ]{X-ß-fn-eqsS \mw hmbn-
®-Xm-Wv. amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ Hcp `mc-ambn
A\p-`-h-s∏-Sp-Ibpw Ahsc D]-{Z-hn-°p-
48
Ibpw sNøp∂ a°ƒ "hnh-c'-an-√m-Ø-
h-c√. B amXm-]n-Xm-°f - psS hnb¿∏pXp-
≈n-I-fpsS K‘-ap≠v DtZym-K-ÿ-cmb
Cu a°-fpsS sSd- p-Iƒ°pw hml-\-
߃°p-sa-∂Xv Ah¿ ad-°p-I-bm-Wv.
Xß-fpsS kpJ-ku-I-cy-ß-fn¬ Akzm-
c-ky-߃ krjvSn-°p∂ iey-ß-fmbn
I≠p Ahsc ]e-hn-[-Øn¬ _p≤n-ap-
´n-°p∂ a°ƒ \_n bps-S Cu hm°p-
Iƒ {]tXyIw {i≤n-°p-I. Ahn-Sp∂v
]d™p: ""amXm-]n-X° - sf D]-{Z-hn-°p-∂-
-h¿°v A√mlp kz¿Kw \njn-≤-am-°n-
bn-cn-°p-∂p.'' (A-lva-Zv, \kmC)
s]mXp-hn¬ amXm-°-tfm-Sm-bn-cn-°pw
AXn-{I-a-ßfpw {Iqc-X-Ifpw IqSp-X¬
F∂Xv sIm≠m-bn-cn-°mw \_n  amXm-
°-fpsS Imcyw {]tXyIw ]d-™-n-´p-≠v.
""\n›-bw, amXm-°sf D]-{Z-hn-°p-∂Xv
A√mlp \n߃°v \njn-≤-am-°n-bn-cn-
°p-∂p.'' (_p-Jm-cn)
K¿`-[m-cW - w, ]cn-]m-e\
- w, XpS-ßnb
Imcy-ßfn¬ amXm-°-fmWv IqSp-X¬
IjvSs - ∏-Sp-Ibpw {]bm-kß - ƒ kln-°p-
Ibpw sNøp-∂Xv F∂XpsIm≠pw, A-
h-cpsS B IjvS∏m-Sp-Iƒ a°ƒ t\cn-
´-dn-bp∂ hn[-Øn-e√ F∂-Xp-sIm≠pw,
amXm-°-fmWv IqSp-X¬ Zp¿_-e¿ F∂-
Xp-sIm-≠p-sams° BImw ]nXm-hn-t\m-
Sp-≈-Xn-te-°mƒ IS-abpw IS-∏mSpw
amXm-hn-t\m-SmWv IqSp-X-se∂v \_n 
DW¿Øn-bXv.
am\y-ambn kwkm-cn-°pI
kXy-hn-izmkn-IfpsS kwkmcw \∑
\nd™Xpw am\y-hp-am-bn-cn-t°-≠X
- m-Wv.
A√mlp ]d-bp∂p: ""kXyhnizmknI-
tf, \n߃ A√mlpsh kq£n°pI-
bpw, icnbmb hm°v ]dbpIbpw sNøp-
I. F¶n¬ Ah≥ \n߃°v \nßfpsS
I¿Ω߃ \∂m°nØcnIbpw, \nß-
fpsS ]m]߃ s]mdpØpXcnIbpw sN-
øpw. A√mlpshbpw Ahs‚ ZqXs\-
bpw B¿ A\pkcn°p∂pthm Ah≥
hr≤-k-Z-\-ß-fnepw AK-Xn-a-µn-c-ß-fnepw Ign-bp∂ amXm-]n-Xm-
°ƒ Pohn-X-Ønse k¶-S-߃ ]c-kv]cw ]¶p-sh®v, ]eXpw
ad-°m≥ {ian®v Pohn-X-sa∂ henb `mcw X≈n-\o-°m≥
InW™p {ian®p sIm≠n-cn-°-bmWv
alØmb hnPbw t\Snbncn°p∂p.''
(33:70,71)
amXm- ] n- X m- ° tfmSv kwkm- c n°- p -
tºmƒ -A°mcyw- {]tXyIw {i≤n-°-
Ww. t^mWn- e q- s Sbpw t\cn- ´ p- a p≈
kwkm-c-ß-fn-sems° am\y-Xbpw BZ-
chpw ssIhn-´p-t]m-Im-Xn-cn-°m≥ ]c-am-
h[n {ian-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. ""Ah-tcmSv \n-
߃ am\y-amb hm°p-Iƒ ]d-bpI''
(17:23) F∂v Jp¿-B≥ FSpØv ]d-™-
Xv AXns‚ {]m[m\yw Adn-bn-°p-∂p.
Ah-cn¬ It≠-°m-hp∂ Xn∑-Iƒ-
°p t\sc IÆ-S-°-W-sa∂v CXn-\¿Y-
an-√. {]XypX am\y-amb ssien-bn¬
Ahsc DW¿Øp-Ibpw sX‰vXncp-Øp-
Ibpw thWw. C_vdmlnw  kz¥w
]nXm-hn-t\mSv _lp-ssZ-hm-cm-[-\-bpsS
_men-i-Xbpw GI-ssZ-hm-cm-[-\-bpsS
IrXy- X bpw hy‡hpw am\y- h p- a mb
ssien-bn¬ DW¿Øn-bXv hnip-≤-Jp¿-
B≥ hnh-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. ""At±lw Xs‚
]nXmhnt\mSv ]d™ kµ¿`w ({it≤-
bamIp∂p) Fs‚ ]nXmth, tIƒ°pI-
tbm, ImWpItbm sNømØ, Xm¶ƒ°v
bmsXmcp D]Imchpw sNømØ hkvXp-
sh Xm¶ƒ F¥n\v Bcm[n°p∂p? F-
s‚ ]nXmth, Xo¿®bmbpw Xm¶ƒ°v
h∂pIn´nbn´n√mØ Adnhv F\n°v
h∂pIn´nbn´p≠v. BIbm¬ Xm¶ƒ F-
s∂ ]n¥p-Scq. Rm≥ Xm¶ƒ°v icnbm-
b am¿Kw ImWn®pXcmw. Fs‚ ]nXm-th,
Xm¶ƒ ]nimNns\ Bcm[n°cpXv. Xo¿-
®bmbpw ]nimNv ]caImcpWn-It\mSv
A\pkcWan√mØh\mIp∂p. Fs‚
]nXmth, Xo¿®bmbpw ]caIm-cpWnI-
\n¬ \n∂p≈ h√ in£bpw Xm¶sf
_m[n°psa∂v Rm≥ `bs∏-Sp∂p. A-
t∏mƒ Xm¶ƒ ]nimNns‚ an{Xambncn-
°p∂XmWv.'' (19:42-˛45)
ÿm\-aw-Ko-I-cn-°pI
amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ FXv \ne-hm-c-Øn-
ep-≈-h-cm-bmepw Ahsc AwKo-I-cn-°m-
\pw BZ-cn-°m\pw \ap°v km[n-°-Ww.
Ah¿ tcmKntbm Zcn-{Ztcm hr≤tcm \nc-
£-ctcm BIs´ F∂mepw Ah-cpsS
2009 Pqsse--
ÿm\w al-Ø-c-am-Wv. \mw Db¿∂
kmº- Ø nIÿnXn- b nepw Btcm- K y-
Ønepw DtZy-mK-Øn-ep-sams° BsW-
¶nepw \ΩpsS amXm-]n-Xm-°-fpsS {ia-
ßfpw {]m¿Y-\-I-fpw B Db¿®bv°v
klm-b-I-am-bn-´p≠v F∂ hkvXpX
hnkva-cn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-I. \mw amXm-hns‚
K¿`m- i - b - Ø n¬ \n∂v ]pd- Ø p- h - ∂ -
t∏mƒ \n -lm-b-cpw H∂padn-bm-Ø-h-
cp-am-bn-cp-∂p. A√mlp ]d-bp-∂p. ""\nß-
fpsS amXm°fpsS DZcßfn¬ \n∂v \n-
߃°v bmsXm∂pw Adn™v IqSmØ
AhkvYbn¬ A√mlp \nßsf ]pd-Øv
sIm≠vh∂p. \n߃°p Ah≥ tIƒ-
hnbpw ImgvNIfpw lrZbßfpw \¬Ip-
Ibpw sNbvXp. \n߃ \µnbp≈hcm-
bncn°m≥ th≠n.'' (16:78)
H∂p-a-dn-bm-Ø, \n -lm-b-amb B
ImeØv \sΩ ]cn-N-cn-°p-Ibpw ]Tn-∏n-
®v hep-Xm-°p-Ibpw sNbvX amXm-]n-Xm-
°sf ]n∂oSv Ah-K-Wn-°p-I-sb-∂Xv
sImSnb \µn-tI-Sm-Wv. \mw F{X Db¿-
∂-hc - m-bmepw amXm-]n-Xm-°f- psS ÿm\-
am-\-ßfwKo-I-cn-°p-hm\pw kvt\lm-Z-c-
hp-Iƒ {]ISn-∏n°p-hm\pw- _m[y-ÿc - m-
Wv. bqkp-^v \_n bpsS Ncn-{X-Øn-
¬ CXns‚ anI® amXrI \ap°v Im-
Wmw. A[n-Imc]Z-hn-If - p≈ Hcp `c-Wm-
[n-Im-cn-bm-bn-cn-s° Xs‚ apºn-se-Ønb
\n -lm-bcmb amXm-]n-Xm-°t- fmSv hn\-
b-tØmsSbpw kvt\l_lp-am-\ß - t- fm-
sSbpamWv- At±lw s]cp-am-dn-bX - v. hnip-
≤-Jp-¿-B≥ -A°mcyw C{]-Imcw \sΩ
A\p-kva-cn-∏n-°p-∂p. ""A\¥cw Ah¿
bqkp^ns‚ apºmsI {]thin®t∏mƒ
At±lw (bqkp^v) Xs‚ amXm]nXm°-
sf X∂nte°v AW®pIq´n. At±lw
]d™p: A√mlp Dt±in°p∂ ]£w
\n߃ \n¿`bcmbns°m≠v CuPn]vXn-
¬ {]thin®psIm≈pI. At±lw Xs‚
amXm]nXm°sf cmP]oTØn≥ta¬
Ib‰nbncpØn. Ah¿ At±lØns‚
apºn¬ {]Wmaw sNøp∂hcmbns°m-
≠v hoWp. At±lw ]d™p: Fs‚
]nXmth, apºv Rm≥ I≠ kz]v\w ]pe-
¿∂XmWnXv. Fs‚ c£nXmhv AsXmcp
49
bmYm¿Yyam°nØo¿Øncn°p∂p.
Fs∂ Ah≥ Pbnen¬ \n∂v ]pdØp-
sIm≠v h∂ kµ¿`Ønepw Fs‚bpw
Fs‚ ktlmZcßfpsSbpw CSbn¬
]nimNv Ipg∏w Cf°nhn´Xn\v tijw
acp`qanbn¬ \n∂v Ah≥ \nßsfsb√m-
hscbpw (Fs‚ ASptØ°v) sIm≠ph-
∂ kµ¿`Ønepw Ah≥ F\n°v D]-
Imcw sNbvXncn°p∂p. Xo¿®bmbpw F-
s‚ c£nXmhv Xm≥ Dt±in°p∂ Imcy-
߃ kq£vaambn \nb{¥n°p∂h\-s{X.
Xo¿®bmbpw Ah≥ F√mw Adn-bp-∂-
h\pw bpIvXnam\pamIp∂p'' (12:99,-100)
{]m¿Yn°pI
amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ°p th≠n {]m¿Yn-
°epw Ah-tcm-Sp≈ _m[yXm\n¿h-l-
W- Ø ns‚ `mK- a m- W v . alm≥am- c mb
{]hm-N-I-∑m-cpsS {]m¿Y-\-I-fn¬ AXv
ImWmw. hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv amXm-]n-Xm-
°ƒ°p- t h≠n {]m¿Yn- ° p- h m- \ mbn
A√mlp \n¿tZ-in-°p-∂Xpw (17:24) {i-
t≤-b-am-Wv. Ah-cpsS PohnXImeØpw
ac-W-ti-jhpw Ah¿°pth≠n sNøm-
≥ km[n-°p∂ kp{]-[m-\a - mb Hcp k¬-
I¿Ωam-Wv \njvI-f-¶-amb {]m¿Y-\.
""Fs‚ c£n-Xmth, sNdp-∏Ø - n¬ Ch¿
Ccp-hcpw Fs∂ t]m‰n hf¿Øn-bXp
t]mse Ch-tcmSv \o Icp-W-Im-Wn-t°-
Wta'' F∂ Jp¿-B-\nI {]m¿Y\ Ccp-
X-ea - q¿®-bp≈ Hcm-bp[w t]mse-bm-Wv.
Ip´n-Isf ]cn-]m-en-°p∂ hnj-b-Øn¬
{i≤-bn-√m-Ø-hcpw ape-bq-´m≥ aSn-Im-
Wn-°p-∂hcpamb "]cn-jvIrX' amXm-]n-
Xm-°ƒ°v AØcw {]m¿Y-\-Iƒ Hcp
Xncn-®-Sn-bm-hp-sa-∂Xv Nn¥-\o-b-am-Wv.
ac- W - t ØmsS amXm- ] n- X m- ° - t fm-
Sp≈ _‘hpw IS-aI - fpw Ah-km-\n--°p-
∂n-√. Ah¿°p th≠n {]m¿Yn-°p-∂Xp
t]mse Xs∂ Ah-cn-eqsS \ne-\n-∂n-
cp∂ _‘-߃ ]pXp-°p-hm\pw AXv
\ne-\n¿Øp-hm≥ {ian-°epw AXns‚
`mK-am-Wv. \_n  ]d-bp-∂p. ""]nXm-hn-
s‚ kvt\ln-X-∑m-tcmSv At±-l-Øns‚
Ime-tijw a°ƒ _‘w ]pe¿Øp-∂-
Xv ]pWy-ßf - n¬ G‰hpw D¬Ir-jSv a- m-W.v ''
(-ap-kvenw)
Ah-cpsS c‡-_-‘p-°fpw kvt\-
ln-X-∑m-cp-sam-s°-bmbn \∑-bn¬ kl-
I-cn-°p-Ibpw _‘w apdn™p t]mIm-
sX {i≤n-°p-Ibpw thW-sa∂v kmcw.
 A-_q-A-ao≥-
tcmKhpw Btcm-Kyhpw

""\≥abmbn´v \n\°v Fs¥m∂v h∂pIn´nbmepw AXv A√mlphn¶¬

\n∂p≈XmWv. \ns∂ _m[n°p∂ GsXmcp tZmjhpw \ns‚ ]°¬
\n∂pXs∂ D≠mIp∂XmWv.'' (Jp¿-B≥- 4:79)

tcmK-ß-fn-√mØ a\ pw ico-chpw hni-Za- m-°n-bn-´p≈ \n¿_‘hpw sF—n- A√ bYm¿Yhnizm-kn-Iƒ sNtø-≠-Xv.

al- Ø mb A\p- { K- l - a m- W v . ]s£,
A[n-I-am-fp-Ifpw B A\p-{Klw \jvS-
s∏-Sp-tºmƒ am{Xta AXns‚ alXzw
Xncn-®d- n-bm-dp≈q F∂-XmWv bYm¿Yyw.
hnhn-[-ß-fmb tcmK-ßfpw ]I¿®hym-
[n-Ifpw ]e {]tZ-i-ß-fnepw ]S¿∂p
]nSn®p sIm≠n-cn-°p-∂p. \qdp-I-W-°n-
\m-fp-Iƒ tcmK-_m-[n-X-cmbn hnj-an®p
sIm≠n-cn-°p-∂p. ]e tcmK-߃°p-
ap≈ {][m\ Imc-W-ß-fn-sem-∂mbn
Btcm-Ky-im-kv{X-Im-c-∑m¿ Nq≠n-°m-´p-
∂Xv ipNn-Xz-an-√m-bva-bm-Wv. \ΩpsS
hoSpw ]cn-k-chpw ico-chpw F√mw aen-
\-am-ImsX \mw Xs∂ {i≤n-°-Ww.-
\_n  ]d-bp∂p: ""ip≤n hnizm-k-Øn-
s‚ (Cu-am-\n-s‚) ]Ip-Xn-bmWv'' (ap-
kvenw)
A{]-Im-cw Xs∂ k¿∆ "amen\y'-
ßfn¬ \n∂pw a\- n-t\bpw hna-eo-I-
cn-°m≥ km[n-°p-tºm-gmWv kºq¿W-
amb BtcmKyw kzmb- Ø - a m- ° m≥
km[n-°p-I.
""Xo¿®bmbpw AXns\ ]cnip≤am-
°nbh≥ hnPbw ssIhcn®p. AXns\
If¶s∏SpØnbh≥ Xo¿®bmbpw
]cmPbaSbpIbpw sNbvXp.''(91 :9,10)
_mlyhpw B¥-cn-I-hp-amb Cu
c≠p-Xcw ip≤nsb Ipdn®pw Ckvemw
hy‡- a mbn t_m[- h ¬°- c n- ® n- ´ p- ≠ v .
Ckv e m- a nI I¿a- i mkv { X{KŸ- ß ƒ
2009 Pqsse--
I-hp-amb Ip-fn-Ifpw AwK-ip≤n (hp-Zp)
bpsams° AXn-\p-Zm-l-c-W-ß-fm-Wv.
\_n  ]d-bp∂p: ""A©v Imcy-߃
ip≤-{]-Ir-Xn-bpsS `mK-am-Wv. tNem-
I¿aw, Kply-`m-KsØ tcmaw\o°¬,
\Jwapdn-°¬, I£-Ønse tcmaw\o-
°¬, aoi-sh-´¬.'' (_p-Jm-cn, apkvenw)
imco-cn-Ihpw am\-kn-I-hp-amb hnip-
≤n \ne-\n¿Øp∂ kXy-hn-izm-knsb
A√mlp CjvS-s∏-Sp-sa∂v Jp¿-B≥ DZv-
t_m-[n-∏n-°p∂p: Xo¿®bmbpw A√mlp
]ivNmØ]n°p∂hsc CjvSs∏Sp∂p.
ipNnXzw ]men°p∂hscbpw CjvSs∏-
Sp∂p.'' (2:222)
ipNn-Xz-Im-cy-ß-fn¬ th≠{X {i≤-
bn-√m-ØXp t]mse Xs∂ ]e Xc-Øn-
ep≈ Zpx-»oe-ßfpw \ΩpsS tcmK-߃-
°v Imc-W-am-Im-dp-≠v. ]pI-h-en, aZy-]m-
\w, Pohn-Xs - si-en, `£-W{- Iaw XpS-ßn-
b-h-bn-eqsS Hcp ]cn[n hsc \mw Xs∂-
bmWv \sΩ tcmKn-If - m-°n-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-
∂-Xv. Imcp-Wy-hm-\mb A√mlp \tΩm-
Sv ]d- b p∂p: ""\nßfpsS ssIIsf
\n߃ Xs∂ \miØn¬ X≈n°-f-
bcpXv. \n߃ \√Xv {]h¿Øn°pI.
\≥a sNøp∂hsc A√mlp CjvSs∏-
SpI Xs∂ sNøpw.'' (2:195)
h√ hnt[-\bpw tcmK-ap-≠m-bn-°-gn-
™m¬ AXn¬ A£-a-cmbn s]mdp-Xn-
tISv ImWn-°p-Itbm \ncmicmhpItbm
50
{]XypX ssZhnIhn[n-bn¬ kam-[m-\n-
°p-hm\pw kl-\-a-h-ew-_n-°p-hm-\pw
km[n-°p-tºmƒ AXv {]Xn-^-em¿l-am-
b H∂mbn amdp-∂p. alm-\mb Aøq_v
\_n s‚ Ncn{Xw AØ-c-Øn-ep≈
amXr-I-bmWv \¬Ip-∂Xv. "X\n°v _m-
[n® ZpcnXw \nan-Ø-ambn \nß-fmcpw
ac-W-Øn\v sImXn-°-cp-Xv' F∂v \_n
 {]tXyIw DW¿Øn-bXpw {it≤-b-
am-Wv. as‰m-cn-°¬ Ahn-Sp∂v ]d™p:
""A√m-lp-hns\ Ipdn®v \√ hnNm-c-
tØmsSb√msX \nß-fmcpw acn-°m-\n-
S-h-c-cpXv'' (ap-kvenw)
tcmKn-Isf kµ¿in-°p-hm\pw Ah¿-
°p-th≠ HØm-i-Iƒ sNbvXpsImSp-
°p-hm\pw X\n°v BtcmKyhpw A\p-
{K-l-ßfpw \¬Inb A√m-lp-hn-t\mSv
\µn {]I-Sn-∏n- °- p-hm\pw tcmKn°v th≠n
{]m¿Yn-°p-hm\psams° \_n  ]Tn-
∏n-®n-´p-≠v. tcmKn°v kt¥m-jhpw kam-
[m-\hpw {]Zm\w sNøp∂ hn[-Øn-
ep≈ hm°p-Ifpw {]h¿Øn-I-fp-amWv
tcmKn-Isf kµ¿in-°p∂ thf-bn¬
\_n bn¬ \n∂pw D≠m-bn-´p-≈X - v.- A-
Xn-\m¬ \ΩpsS kµ¿i\w tcmKn-I-ƒ-
°v Aim-¥nbpw AkzÿXbpw kΩm-
\n°pwhn[-am-bn-t∏m-Im-Xn-cn-°m≥ \mw
{]tXyIw {i≤n-°p-I. k¿∆i-‡-\mb
A√mlp A\p-{K-ln-°s´.