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P  ow er  Q u al  i   t   y
Guide for electrical design engineers
Grzegorz TKACZEWSKI
&
 
 Artur KOS AGH-University of Science & Technology 
Power Quality  
STATIC FC/TCR COMPENSATOR FOR ARC FURNACE COMPENSATION
 
Power Quality
2www.leonardo-energy.org
1. INTRODUCTION
Industrial facilities are source of major disturbances to power system due to moreand more large power loads being installed that, apart of their good functionalproperties, are characterized by negative impact on the quality of power. Suchloads are the cause of the supply voltage distortion, unbalance and fluctuations.Depending on the load type, such disturbances may occur separately or concurrently. These disturbances are propagated through distribution systems toother users' networks, impair operating conditions of equipment and, in extremecases, prevent operation of electrical equipment sensitive to such disturbances.Among industrial loads, having the most adverse impact on a power system dueto the emitted disturbances, are steelworks electric arc furnaces. They causemainly:
•
unbalance of currents and voltages,
•
current and voltage distortion,
•
fluctuations of active and reactive power, supply voltage fluctuations andflicker [6].The adverse impact of non-linear loads on a power system can be mitigated bymeans of compensation equipment like fixed capacitor (FC), thyristor controlledreactor (TCR) - FC/TCR. The purpose of FC/TCR compensator is compensationof the fundamental component reactive power and filtering selected currentharmonics.Such compensator is an example of the indirect compensation method in which,depending on the needs of the voltage restorer or the reactive power compensator function, the value of the sum of two current components iscontrolled:
•
fundamental harmonic of the capacitor current iFC, operated mostly ashigh harmonics filter(s) (the FC section)
•
fundamental harmonic of the reactor current iTCR controlled by means of aphase-controlled thyristor AC switch (the TCR section) [8].
 
Static FC/TCR Compensator for Arc Furnace Compensation 
3www.leonardo-energy.org
2. FC/TCR COMPENSATOR
 
The FC/TCR compensator consists of a fixed capacitor bank divided into severalthree-phase sections incorporating reactors, utilized also as high-order currentharmonics filters, and parallel reactors whose fundamental current harmonic iscontrolled means of thyristor AC switches. The reactors' current can becontrolled in a continuous manner from zero, if the switch is turned off, to itsmaximum value, when the reactor is directly connected to the source. Thecompensator schematic diagram is shown in figure 1.The capacitor banks generate capacitive reactive current of non-controlled value,whereas the reactor section (TCR) current is controlled within the range fromzero to the current of a reactor being connected directly to the source. Thereactive current fundamental harmonic of such compensator is:
i 
k
= -
i 
C
+
i 
L
(1)where:
i 
C
– the fundamental harmonic of the capacitor bank current (non-controlled value)
i 
L
– the fundamental harmonic of the inductive unit current (controlledvalue)
i 
k
– the fundamental harmonic of the compensator current.Under symmetrical control conditions and balanced circuit parameters (the samephase reactances and equal thyristors' control angles) the 3-rd harmonic and itsmultiples do not occur.
Fig. 1. Diagram of the static VAR compensator comprisinga fixed capacitor bank and reactors whose reactive cur-rents are controlled by means of thyristor AC switchesFig. 2. Diagram of the three-phase static compensatorwith a phase-controlled reactor section
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