NGHIN CU XU HNG LOGISTICS TON CU V XUT GII PHP CHO CC CNG TY GIAO NHN VN TI VIT NAM

ThS. NGUYN TH VN H
B mn Qun tr kinh doanh Khoa Vn ti - Kinh t Trng i hc Giao thng Vn ti Tm tt: Ngy nay cc cng ty t nhng cng ty vn ti ng b n cc nh giao nhn, cc hng vn ti hng khng v bu in u dng t logistics m t nhng g h ang cung cp. Cc cng ty ngy nay ang ngy mt quan tm n vic ln k hoch cho h thng logistics ca mnh. Di nhng p lc khng ngng v gim chi ph v tng doanh s trn ton cu, cc cng ty ang c xu hng thu ngoi cc hot ng logistics n cc i tc bn ngoi nhng ngi c th gip iu khin cc hot ng ny tt hn v r hn, v chuyn cc hot ng sn xut v dch v n cc quc gia c chi ph thp. Ton cu ho i hi ngy cng gia tng s phi hp cc hot ng vn ti bng ng b, ng st, bin v hng khng v ngy nay bng mt ng mi l internet. iu ny lm cho h thng logistics thc s phc tp. Bi vit tp trung nghin cu xu hng logistics ton cu, im qua nhng nt chnh v thc trng hot ng logistics ca cc cng ty giao nhn vn ti Vit Nam v xut gii php pht trin dch v logistics ti cc cng ty giao nhn vn ti Vit Nam. Summary: Today, all companies from road transport companies to forwarding companies, airline transport & post service providers have been using the term logistics in order to describe what they are supplying. All companies have concerned much more to make plan for their logistics system. Under the continous pressure of cutting cost and increasing revenue in global economy, all companies have had trends to outsource logistics to 3PL/4PL/5PL providers who are able to conduct logistics cheaper and more effectively. The collaboration between road, railway, seaway and airline transport have been increasing dramatically in globalization economy, especially by new way of Internet. These things have made logistics very complicated. The paper focused on global logistics trends, actual situation of Vietnam forwaring companies in logistics and recommendations of solution to develop their logistics services T kho: Logistics, ton cu, giao nhn vn ti (GNVT)
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I. TNG QUAN V S PHT TRIN LOGISTICS TON CU

Cc ngun ti nguyn trn tri t l hu hn, nhng c mun ca con ngi li v cng. Chnh v vy, Logistics ra i gip con ngi s dng cc ngun lc (nhn lc, vt lc, ti lc) mt cch ti u, c th p ng nhu cu ngy cng cao ca bn thn v x hi mt cch tt nht. Thi k trc y, do b ngn tr bi khong cch a l v iu kin truyn thng cha cho php, nn ngi ta ch c th p dng Logistics trong phm vi hp: cng ty, ngnh, a phng, quc gia. Cn gi y, nhn loi ang bc vo nn kinh t tri thc, khng

bao lu na, mng in t s cho php con ngi vt qua cc tr ngi v thi gian v khng gian, to iu kin cho Logistics ton cu ra i v pht trin [2]. Vi thp k gn y, Logistics pht trin nhanh chng v mang li nhng kt qu rt tt nhiu nc trn th gii, nh H Lan, Thy in, an Mch, M, Trong nhng nm cui th k 20, u th k 21, thut ng Logistics c nhc n nhiu cc nc ng , ng Nam v c bit pht trin Singapore. Trong lch s nhn loi ban u, Logistics c s dng nh mt t chuyn mn trong qun i, c hiu vi ngha l cng tc hu cn. Napoleon tng nh ngha: Logistics l hot ng duy tr lc lng qun i. Sau ny thut ng Logistics dn c p dng trong cc lnh vc kinh t, c lan truyn t chu lc ny sang chu lc kia, t nc ny sang nc khc, hnh thnh nn Logistics ton cu. Logistics pht trin rt nhanh chng, cho n nay Logistics c ghi nhn nh mt chc nng kinh t ch yu, mt cng c hu hiu mang li thnh cng cho cc doanh nghip c trong khu vc sn xut ln trong khu vc dch v [2]. C rt nhiu nh ngha v Logistics. Di gc qun tr chui cung ng, th Logistics l qu trnh ti u ho v v tr, lu tr v chu chuyn cc ti nguyn/yu t u vo t im xut pht u tin l nh cung cp, qua nh sn xut, ngi bn bun, bn l, n tay ngi tiu dng cui cng, thng qua hng lot cc hot ng kinh t (xem Logistics and Supply Chain Management, tc gi Ma Shuo, ti liu ging dy ca World Maritime University, 1999) [1]. Logistics khng phi l mt hot ng n l, m l mt chui cc hot ng lin tc, c lin quan mt thit vi nhau, tc ng qua li ln nhau, c thc hin mt cch khoa hc v c h thng qua cc bc nghin cu, hoch nh, t chc, qun l, thc hin, kim tra, kim sot v hon thin. V tr ca Logistics trong ton b qu trnh phn phi vt cht thc cht l s dng cng ngh thng tin t chc v qun l qu trnh lu chuyn hng ha qua nhiu cng on, chng ng, phng tin v a im khc nhau. Cc hot ng ny phi tun th c tnh ca dy chuyn: vn ti lu kho phn phi v hn th na chng phi p ng yu cu v tnh kp thi (JIT). Trong lnh vc giao nhn vn ti Logistics khng phi l mt dch v n l m lun lun l mt chui cc dch v v giao nhn hng ho, nh: lm cc th tc, giy t, t chc vn ti, bao b ng gi, ghi nhn hiu, lu kho, lu bi, phn pht hng ho i cc a im khc nhau, chun b cho hng ha lun lun sn sng trng thi nu c yu cu ca khch hng l i ngay c (Inventory level). Chnh v vy khi ni ti Logistics bao gi ngi ta cng ni ti mt chui h thng cc dch v (Logistics system chain). Vi h thng chui dch v ny ngi cung cp dch v Logistics (Logistics service provider) s gip khch hng c th tit kim c chi ph ca u vo trong cc khu vn chuyn, lu kho, lu bi v phn phi hng ho cng nh chi ph tng t u ra bng cch kt hp tt cc khu ring l qua h thng Logistics nu trn (theo Logistics Management, ESCAP, xut bn nm 2000, tr. 2 - 4). Nh vy, Logistics l qu trnh ti u ho v a im v thi im, ti u ho vic lu chuyn v d tr ngun ti nguyn t u vo nguyn thy cho n tay ngi tiu dng cui

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cng, nhm p ng tt nht nhu cu ca ngi tiu dng vi chi ph thch hp, thng qua hng lot cc hot ng kinh t. Logistics l qu trnh ti u ho mi cng vic, mi thao tc t khu cung ng, sn xut, phn phi v tiu dng sn phm. Logistics c p dng trong nhiu lnh vc khc nhau ca i sng kinh t - x hi, nh: qun s, kinh t, x hi,... Trong mi ngnh, lnh vc s c nhng c th ring. C th nghin cu Logistics trn hai gic : vi m v v m. tm vi m, Logistics l vic ti u ha mi thao tc, hot ng trong qu trnh sn xut, kinh doanh ca doanh nghip nhm nng cao kh nng cnh tranh, mang li hiu qu kinh t cao hn. tm v m, Logistics l mt ngnh dch v gip ti u ho qu trnh phn phi, vn chuyn, d tr cc ngun lc, gip cc quc gia pht trin bn vng v hiu qu. Trong chui v s nhng hot ng kinh t ca qu trnh Logistics c cc dch v Logistics, bao gm cc hot ng vn chuyn, tn tr, cung ng nguyn vt liu, bao b, ng gi, ghi k m hiu, m vch, lm th tc thng quan, gom hng, tch hng qun tr hng tn kho, qun tr nh cung cp, d bo nhu cu, qun l n hng, dch v khch hng, Theo c tnh ca Vin Logistics chu - Thi Bnh Dng (TLIAP), tr gi ca dch v Logistics chim 10-15% tng tr gi hng ha ton cu, tng ng 2.000 t USD/nm. Nh vy, ni n Logistics l phi ni n ti u ho, ni n hiu qu. Hiu qu y l hiu qu ca ton chui ch khng phi ch l hiu qu cc b. Logistics c vai tr rt to ln gip tng kh nng cnh tranh ca cc doanh nghip, ngnh cng nh quc gia. Dch v Logistics ch pht trin thnh cng mt khi mang li hiu qu cao hn cho ngi s dng v cho ton x hi.
II. XU HNG LOGISTICS TON CU
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Mt xu th tt yu ca thi i ngy nay l ton cu ho nn kinh t th gii. Bt k mt quc gia hay ngnh ngh no, khng phn bit ln hay nh, mi hay c, mun tn ti v pht trin th phi chp nhn v tch cc tham gia vo xu th mi ny. Ton cu ho lm cho giao thng gia cc quc gia, cc khu vc trn th gii pht trin mnh m v ng nhin s ko theo nhng nhu cu mi v vn ti, kho bi, cc dch v ph tr Xu th mi ca thi i s dn n bc pht trin tt yu ca Logistics - Logistics ton cu (Global Logistics). Theo d bo, trong vi thp nin u th k 21 Logistics s pht trin theo mt s xu hng chnh sau: - ng dng cng ngh thng tin, thng mi in t ngy cng ph bin v su rng hn trong cc lnh vc ca Logistics, nh: h thng thng tin qun tr dy truyn cung ng ton cu, cng ngh nhn dng bng tn s v tuyn,... v thng tin c truyn cng nhanh v chnh xc th cc quyt nh trong h thng Logistics cng hiu qu [2]. - Xu hng thu dch v Logistics t cc cng ty Logistics chuyn nghip, s dng dch v logistics th ba (Third party Logistics -3PL) v nh cung cp dch v logistics th 3 (3PLPThird Party Logistics Provider) pht trin mnh m v n r. Dch v logistics th ba l nhng hot ng c thc hin bi mt cng ty bn ngoi thay mt mt ch hng v t nht cng m bo thc hin c vic qun l nhiu hot ng logistics [3, 5]. Cc hot ng ny c cung cp theo hng tch hp ch khng phi l mt loi ring r. S hp tc gia ch hng v cng

ty bn ngoi l mt mi quan h lin tc c ch nh. Th trng cho cc 3PL ngi ta gi l th trng 3PL hoc th trng contract logistics (ch cc quan h hp ng di hn gia 3PL v khch hng), phn bit vi cc th trng chuyn bit nh th trng giao nhn, th trng vn ti bin, vn ti ng b. 3PL l mt qu trnh tin ha t cc nh vn ti, nh giao nhn, nh cung cp kho bi, ng thi c nhng cng ty t vn, cung cp gii php cng ngh na. Phn ln cc hng tu ln u m thm mng dch v logistics (3PL) nh Maersk Logistics, APL Logistics, MOL Logistics, DHL, FED EX,...

Hnh 1. Th trng 3PL trn th gii tip tc tng trng mnh m, phn b doanh thu t 3PL trn th trng Chu - Thi Bnh Dng
Ngun: Frost Sullivan, nm 2006

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- Pht trin s lin kt hp tc trong qu trnh thc hin dch v logistics ton cu. Ngy nay xu hng lin kt phi hp cc hot ng logistics trn ton cu ngy cng pht trin mnh m. S hp tc ny s gip cc nh cung cp dch v logistics ton cu chia s cc ngun lc logistics chung cc a im khc nhau nh cc dch v kho hng, dch v vn ti, v.v S lin kt ny to ra nhng chui cung ng hon ho ng thi mang n li ch cho cc bn v mt thi gian v tit gim chi ph.
Nh my Nh cung cp 1 Lin kt Khch hng

Nh cung cp 2 Hnh 2. M hnh lin kt trong cc dch v logistics ton cu Ngun: Menlo Logistics, nm 2001

- S xut hin ca cc Logistics bn th t v bn th nm (4 PL v 5 PL). 4PL l ngi tch hp (Integrator), chu trch nhim qun l dng lu chuyn Logistics, cung cp gii php dy chuyn cung ng, hoch nh, t vn Logistics, qun tr vn ti, 4 PL hng n qun tr c qu trnh Logistics, nh nhn hng t ni sn xut, lm th tc xut, nhp khu, a hng

n ni tiu th cui cng. Vi s pht trin ca thng mi in t, ngi ta ni n khi nim Logistics bn th nm (5 PL). 5 PL pht trin nhm phc v cho thng mi in t, cc nh cung cp dch v 5 PL l cc 3 PL v 4 PL, ng ra qun l ton chui phn phi trn nn tng thng mi in t.
III. THC TRNG HOT NG CA CC CNG TY GIAO NHN VN TI VIT NAM

Cng vi ng li i mi v hi nhp kinh t quc t, ngnh giao nhn vn ti cng ang trn bc ng hi nhp vi ngnh giao nhn th gii. Mt trong nhng bc pht trin ln trong hot ng giao nhn vn ti hin i l hot ng Logistics. Trong vi thp nin gn y Logistics pht trin nhanh chng v mang li nhng kt qu rt tt p nhiu nc, in hnh nh cc nc Ty u, M, tip sau l Singapore, i Loan, Vi mt nn sn xut pht trin mnh m, nhu cu xut nhp khu tng cao. Nu ch tnh theo t l trn y th ph dch v logistics trn th trng Vit Nam c mt doanh s khng l v ha hn tc tng trng rt mnh m. Dch v logistics Vit Nam chim khong t 15 - 20% GDP. y l mt khon tin rt ln. Nu ch tnh ring khu quan trng nht trong logistics l vn ti, chim t 40-60% chi ph th cng l mt th trng dch v khng l [1]. Ti Vit Nam, c trn 20 cng ty giao nhn hng u th gii c mt di nhng hnh thc u t khc nhau v cung cp dch v Logistics ton cu. Trong khi cc cng ty giao nhn VN d l nhng tng cng ty ln mnh nht cng cha c mt cng ty no hot ng trong lnh vc Logistics theo ng ngha ca n. Theo tng bc ca tin trnh hi nhp, cc hng ro bo h dn dn c d b, th trng giao nhn vn ti vn cnh tranh gay gt s ngy cng cnh tranh gay gt hn. Cc cng ty Logistics nc ngoi vi cng ngh vt tri chc chn s chim u th hn so vi hot ng giao nhn truyn thng ca cc cng ty trong nc. Nu khng c s thay i trong hot ng giao nhn, cc cng ty giao nhn VN s tht th ngay trn th trng ca chnh mnh [2]. Theo s liu thng k cha y , ti VN hin c khong t 800 DN hot ng trong lnh vc cung cp logistics. C mt hin tng ang ni ln l nh nh lm logistics v ngi ngi lm logistics cch lm i tr nh vy l ng nhng thc cht cc n v ny ch l n v cung cp dch v logistics th hai, ngha l ch lm thu cho cc DN nc ngoi v cung cp cc dch v logistics c bn nh khai quan, vn ti, Mt s t DN ln cng mi ch t n mc n v cung cp dch v logistics th 3, tc cung cp dch v lm cu ni gia nh cung cp v ngi s dng. Ni cch khc, chng ta cn thiu nhng nh cung cp dch v logistics trn gi Door to Door (dch v logistics th 4 th bc cao nht) cho hng ha xut nhp khu. Ngun li ln t dch v logistic hin khng nm trong tay cc DN Vit Nam m ang chy v ti cc cng ty dch v logistics nc ngoi. Mt ngun li ln trn sn nh cha c cc DN Vit Nam tn dng m h ang l nhng ngi lm thu cho cc tp on nc ngoi. Cc DN Vit Nam mi ch c mt phn rt nh trong ming bnh khng l v ang ngy cng phnh to ca th trng dch v logistics. Theo tnh ton mi nht ca Cc Hng hi Vit Nam, lnh vc quan trng nht trong logistics l vn ti bin th DN trong nc mi ch p ng chuyn ch c trn 23% tng lng hng ha xut nhp khu, phn cn li ang b chi phi bi cc DN nc ngoi. iu ny thc s l mt thua thit ln cho DN Vit Nam khi c n 90% hng ha xut nhp khu c vn chuyn bng ng bin [1].

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Thc trng trn bt ngun t vic dch v logistics ca cc doanh nghip Vit Nam mi ang giai on phi thai, phn ln h thng logistics cha c thc hin mt cch thng nht. Th trng dch v logistics Vit Nam c 800 DN nhng a phn u nh b, hn ch v vn, cng ngh v nhn lc. Bn cnh , cng phi ni n c s h tng v vn ti, kho hng cn yu km, hnh lang php l khng r rng cn tr s pht trin logistics Vit Nam. Ngoi ra, cc doanh nghip Vit Nam cha u t o to nng cao chuyn mn nghip v cho nhn vin. i vi nghip v Logistics, thc hin qun l dy chuyn cung ng i hi nhn vin giao nhn phi c trnh kinh doanh quc t, kin thc cng ngh thng tin nht nh. Logistics l hot ng ton cu, lin quan n lut l ca nhiu nc. Thc s y l ro cn ln cho cc cng ty giao nhn VN vi trnh kinh doanh quc t c hn. Cc cng ty dch v logistics Vit Nam cha tp trung m rng mng li i l v chi nhnh trn th gii chun b iu kin cho pht trin Logistics. hot ng Logistics ton cu, cc cng ty giao nhn VN phi c h thng i l v chi nhnh trn th gii. Tuy vy vic thit lp i l ca cc cng ty VN cn nhiu bt cp v hu nh cha c cng ty no c vn phng chi nhnh ca mnh trn th gii. c bit l, cc cng ty giao nhn vn ti Vit Nam c hot ng kho bi cn yu, cha u t pht trin h thng kho bi. Kho bi chim mt vai tr rt quan trng trong hot ng Logistics. Trong Logistics, kho bi khng ch l ni cha hng ha m cn thc hin chc nng ca mt trung tm phn phi (Distribution center), l ni cung cp cc dch v gi tr gia tng cho khch hng. Tuy vy hot ng kho bi ca cc cng ty giao nhn VN cn kh yu. Khng nhiu cng ty c hot ng gom hng l l c cc hot ng gi tr gia tng ti kho nh M&P International; Vinatrans; ANC; Everich; bao gm cc dch v ng gi, ng kin (Packing), ng pallet (Palletizing) Cc cng ty giao nhn vn ti Vit Nam vn ch yu s dng h thng thng tin truyn thng (in thoi, fax, email) trao i thng tin, gi v nhn chng t. C th ni h thng thng tin l tri tim ca hot ng Logistics, qun l chui Logistics l qun l c dng vt cht ln dng thng tin. Nu thiu mt trong hai th hot ng cha phi l hot ng Logistics tht s. Hu nh cha c cng ty VN no c phn mm hay h thng thng tin kt ni vi cc i tc ca ring mnh. Cui cng, cc cng ty giao nhn vn ti Vit Nam cha c cc hot ng marketing v chin lc khch hng cho mng hot ng Logistics ca mnh. Trong hot ng Logistics vic phn khc th trng rt quan trng. Mi chng loi mt hng khc nhau cn phi thit k chui Logistics khc nhau. Ngoi ra vic a dng ho dch v cung cp cng l mt trong nhng hot ng marketing cn tin hnh, chng hn vic thit k h thng ngc. Nht l nhng mt hng trin lm, hi ch, tm nhp ti xut, y l nhng mt hng nu c h thng Logistics th s thun li hn rt nhiu. Mt vn na trong hot ng logistics, l cha c s lin minh, lin kt gia cc DN trong ngnh. Ngun nhn lc cung cp cho cc DN trong ngnh ang tr nn thiu ht trm trng. Vit Nam c nhiu c hi pht trin ngnh dch v logistics. Th nht, chnh sch hi nhp, VN ang y nhanh tin trnh hi nhp kinh t thng qua nhng ci cch v c ch, chnh sch, th tc hnh chnh, xy dng h thng php lut kinh t v ti chnh ph hp vi thng l quc t. Vic tr thnh thnh vin chnh thc ca WTO s a VN thnh mt quc gia m ca v thng mi hng ha, dch v v u t. Th hai, li th v khu vc, VN c v tr a l rt thun li cho vn ti quc t, nm khu vc chin lc trong vng ng Nam . B bin tri di khong 3.000 km, c nhiu cng nc su, cc sn bay quc t, h thng ng st xuyn quc gia v mng li giao thng l tin kh quan pht trin logistics. Th ba, vn u t nc

ngoi, c th l ngun vn ODA nhm pht trin c s h tng v cc ngun vn t cc t chc phi chnh ph h tr cho Vit Nam ngy cng tng. Th t, lnh vc dch v ang c quan tm pht trin, hot ng logistics bt u thu ht s ch ca cc cp qun l Nh nc cng nh ca cc DN trong v ngoi nc. y chnh l mt trong nhng iu kin tin quyt ngnh cng nghip logistics Vit Nam pht trin, p ng nhu cu hi nhp kinh t quc t. Tuy nhin, tn dng c cc c hi trn, cn c mt chui cc gii php xut gip cho cc cng ty giao nhn vn ti Vit Nam c th pht trin c. Th nm, Vit Nam c mt doanh s khng l v ha hn tc tng trng mnh m trong kinh doanh dch v logistics.
IV. XUT GII PHP PHT TRIN DCH V LOGISTICS TI CC CNG TY GIAO NHN VIT NAM

Vi bi cnh mt th trng logistics manh mn, phn tn, yu km v nng lc cnh tranh ca cc cng ty logistics Vit Nam v nguy c b thng tr bi cc cng ty logistics ton cu, xut cc gii php tn dng cc c hi hin c v nng cao nng lc logistics ca cc doanh nghip giao nhn vn ti l iu ht sc cn thit. Trc tin, cn ch trng n nng cao ni lc bn thn ca mi cng ty thng qua thc tin cc ngun lc hin ti v h tr ca nh nc. Ty vo tnh hnh c th ca tng tng cng ty/cng ty, c th pht trin Logistics trong mt cng ty con/b phn ang hot ng trong ngnh giao nhn hoc thnh lp mt cng ty con/b phn mi hot ng Logistics. Vi tim lc kinh t sn c, cc cng ty cn u t tha ng t chc hot ng Logistics tht s nh ti Vinatrans, Gemartrans, Sotrans, Vietfracht, Vosco, Vinaline, Vietnam Airline, ... [1]. Tip , thc hin hot ng lin doanh lin kt trong hot ng Logistics. i vi cc cng ty giao nhn Vit Nam va v nh c kinh nghim trong hot ng giao nhn nhng cha c th v lc hot ng Logistics cn lin doanh lin kt vi nhau, chuyn mn ho theo mt mnh ca mi cng ty. V d mt cng ty giao nhn lin kt vi mt cng ty kho bi, mt cng ty vn ti cng nhau thnh lp mt lin mnh. Bn cnh , Nh nc cn cho php a dng ha cc loi hnh s hu trong ngnh giao nhn. Chnh v vy c th hnh thnh mt cng ty Logistics theo dng c phn hoc cng ty lin doanh m theo cc c ng/ i tc c th l cc cng ty mnh v tng mng trong chui Logistics. Mi cng ty s u t pht trin, cng c li th mnh ca mnh cung cp mt chui Logistics hon ho. Vic lin kt li s gip cc cng ty giao nhn va v nh ca Vit Nam tng cng sc mnh, chia s ngun lc, tn hng li th nh quy m. Th ba, lin doanh, lin kt vi cc cng ty Logistics nc ngoi chuyn giao cng ngh, tch ly kinh nghim, tch ly vn. Sau mt thi gian lin kt v hc hi c th tch ra pht trin c lp. Th t, thnh lp cc trung tm t vn v Logistics hot ng c lp (tng t nh cc trung tm t vn v qun tr h thng cht lng ISO) v thu cc chuyn gia khng ch trong nc m c chuyn gia quc t c vn cho cng ty trong vic t chc hot ng Logistics. Tt c cc ngun ti nguyn phi c sp xp mt cch hp l trong mt bn quy hoch lin hon, c kh nng tng tc v h tr qua li ln nhau mt cch hiu qu. Cn u t v nng cp h tng giao thng vn ti, khuyn khch vn ti container ng st, ch trng u t xy dng cng nc su trung chuyn trong khu vc. Th nm, p dng cng ngh thng tin trong hot ng Logistics thng qua hai giai on.
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Trong giai on u tin p dng cng ngh thng tin cn hon thin h thng thng tin ni b (Intranet), h thng thng tin trong tng b phn chc nng (Logistics, k thut, k ton, marketing,), h thng thng tin tng khu trong dy chuyn cung ng (kho tng, bn bi, vn ti,) v s kt ni thng tin gia cc t chc, b phn, cng on nu trn. p dng tin hc ho trong cc hot ng ca cng ty, lp t cc phm mm phc v cho hot ng ca cng ty, chun ha cc c s d liu to c s nn tng trong h thng thng tin Logistics. giai on th tip theo phi kt ni h thng thng tin ni b vi bn ngoi theo hai phng thc: s dng Internet v h thng trao i d liu in t (Electronic data interchange EDI). H thng ny cho php trao i thng tin d liu t my tnh qua my tnh ca cc b phn trong h thng vi nhau. EDI u t kh tn km tuy nhin rt tin ch v t an ton cao. EDI thc s hu ch cho nhng khch hng ln ca cng ty v trao i d liu gia cc chi nhnh, i l trong h thng Logistics ton cu [1]. Cn c gii php o to v pht trin ngun nhn lc cht lng cao phc v cho hot ng Logistics. Pht trin ngun nhn lc c trnh v chuyn mn cao l nhn t quan trng quyt nh s sng cn v thnh cng trong hot ng Logistics mt hot ng mang tnh cht ton cu. Vic m rng v cng c h thng i l, xy dng cc i l c quyn, tin ti t vn phng i din v chi nhnh cc nc l rt cn thit. c bit cn ch trng vo xy dng cc trung tm phn phi hin i da dng cc dch v gi tr gia tng trong hot ng kho CFS v kho ngoi quan; xy dng cc trung tm phn phi (DC Distribution Center) ca ring cc cng ty giao nhn, hoc nhng trung tm phn phi, kho a nng (Cross docking) hin i kinh doanh cho thu. Hng ti vic xy dng cc trung tm phn phi v kho a nng ca VN ti th trng nc ngoi.
V. KT LUN

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Vic p dng Logistics trong hot ng giao nhn vn ti i hi phi u t mi mt, v c bit phi c quyt tm ln t pha doanh nghip v Nh nc. Qua phn tch cho thy rng cc cng ty giao nhn Vit Nam nhn thc c Logistics s chim u th trong tng lai. Th nhng phn ln vn cha c vn, nng lc, kinh nghim qun l v c bit l cha c mt h thng c s h tng tt chun b nn tng cho hot ng ny, trong khi Logistics ang pht trin vi tc rt nhanh trn th gii. D bo trong tng lai, th trng giao nhn vn ti ti Vit Nam s cnh tranh ngy cng gay gt, cc cng ty giao nhn Vit Nam cn phi c nhng bc chun b ch ng hi nhp trc khi tr nn qu mun.
Ti liu tham kho [1]. Th.S Hong Lm Cng, Pht trin logistics nhm tng sc cnh tranh ca cc cng ty giao nhn vn ti trong thi k hi nhp, 2006 [2]. Pht trin dch v Logistics, trch ngun: TLIAP.org, 2001 [3]. Curtis Spencer, Global Logistics Trends, Real Estate Logistics Forum, Journal of Commerce, June 11, 2007 [4]. Sangam VK, Global Logistics outsourcing trends - Challenges in managing 3PL relationship, 2006 [5]. The Role of Third Party Logistics Service Providers and their Impact on Transport, Final Public Report, Buck Consultants International and Cranfield University (UK)