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Vol. 27, No.

1 /2009

LUCRRI TIINIFICE (INMATEH)

RESEARCHES ON THE REDUCTION OF FUEL CONSUMPTION IN CASE OF AUTOMATIC SYSTEMS FOR POSITION CONTROL USE / CERCETRI PRIVIND REDUCEREA CONSUMULUI DE COMBUSTIBIL N CAZUL UTILIZRII SISTEMELOR AUTOMATE DE REGLAJ DE POZIIE
Conf.dr.ing. G. Paraschiv , .l.dr.ing. G. Muuroi , As.drd.ing. N. Ungureanu , Conf.dr.ing. S.t. Biri , Dr.ing. V. 2) 2) Vldu , Dr.ing. E. Marin 1) 2) Politehnica University of Bucharest, Romania, INMA Bucharest, Romania
1) 1) 1) 1)

Abstract. Tillage machines, especially ploughs, require high traction forces, limited by the value of adhesion forces between the tractor driving wheels and the soil. One of the means used to increase the adhesion force between the tractor wheels and the soil is to use a part of the vertical component of the resultant force acting on the working parts as increase force of the adhesion weight. In order to transfer this part of the vertical component on the tractor driving wheels, are used hydraulic systems with automatic position control of the agricultural machine towards the soil. This article presents a new automatic system for position control of the machine towards the soil, whose use, according to the experimental results presented, leads to the reduction of hourly fuel consumption with approximately 0.7 kg / h. Keywords: plough, automatic system for position control, fuel consumption
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Rezumat. Mainile de lucrat solul, n special plugurile, necesit fore mari de traciune, care ns sunt limitate de valoarea forelor de aderen dintre roile motoare ale tractorului i sol. Unul din mijloacele utilizate pentru mrirea forei de aderen dintre roile tractorului i sol este acela de a folosi o parte din componenta vertical a rezultantei forelor care acioneaz asupra organelor de lucru ca for de mrire a greutii de aderen. Pentru transferarea acestei pri din componenta vertical pe roile motoare ale tractorului se folosesc sistemele hidraulice cu reglare automat a poziiei mainii agricole fa de sol. n acest articol se prezint un nou sistem automat de reglare a poziiei mainii fa de sol, a crui utilizare, conform rezultatelor experimentale prezentate, conduce la reducerea consumului orar de combustibil cu aproximativ 0,7 kg/h. Cuvinte cheie: plug, sistem automat de reglare a poziiei, consum de combustibil. CONSIDERAII GENERALE Folosirea raional a puterii tractorului, mrirea productivitii, reducerea consumului de combustibil, evitarea degradrii solului, uurarea exploatrii agregatelor sunt probleme care preocup specialitii n domeniu. Dezvoltarea i perfecionarea continu a mainilor agricole impune folosirea, din ce n ce mai mult, a instalaiilor de acionare hidraulic n vederea uurrii comenzilor, simplificrii transmisiilor i construciei mainilor, precum i a uurrii i asigurrii reglrii regimurilor optime de funcionare a acestora. Totodat, utilizarea acestor instalaii creeaz posibilitatea automatizrii proceselor de lucru executate de mainile agricole. n vederea optimizrii consumului de combustibil pentru agregatele de prelucrare a solului au fost cutate soluii n vederea creterii forei de traciune, fore care n general sunt limitate de forele de aderen. O modalitate prin care se poate obine creterea forei de traciune este aceea de a folosi o parte din componenta vertical a rezultantei forelor care acioneaz asupra organelor de lucru ca for de mrire a greutii de aderen. Lucrul acesta devine posibil dac tractoarele agricole sunt echipate cu sisteme hidraulice cu reglare automat a poziiei mainii agricole fa de sol. n acest articol se prezint un nou sistem automat de reglare a poziiei mainii agricole fa de sol, sistem care a fost ncercat n cmp, cu rezultate bune. MATERIALE I METODE Sistemul hidraulic cu reglare automat a poziiei mainii agricole fa de sol, prezentat n aceast lucrare, a fost gndit pentru a fi montat pe tractorul de 65 CP i s foloseasc de la instalaia hidraulic a acestuia pompa hidraulic, distribuitorul i cilindrul hidraulic pentru acionarea mecansimului de suspendare cu prindere n trei puncte. n figura 1 este prezentat schema funcional a sistemului hidraulic cu reglare automat a poziiei mainii agricole fa de sol, n care s-au notat: 1 - mecansimul de suspendare cu prindere n trei puncte; 2 palpator; 3

GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS Rational use of tractor power, increased productivity, reduced fuel consumption, preventing soil degradation, ease of aggregates exploitation are issues that concern specialists in the field. Agricultural machinery development and continuous improvement requires ever more the use of hydraulic installations, in order to facilitate the driving, simplify the machinery transmissions and construction, as well as facilitate and ensure the control of their optimal operation regimes. However, the use of these equipments creates the possibility to automatize the work processes carried out by the agricultural machines. In order to optimize fuel consumption for the soil tillage aggregates, solutions were soughed to increase the traction force, forces generally limited by the adhesion forces. The traction force can be increased using a part of the vertical component of the resultant forces acting on the working parts as increase force of the adhesion weight. This becomes possible if agricultural tractors are equipped with hydraulic systems with automatic position control of the agricultural machine towards the soil. This article presents a new automatic system for position control of agricultural machine towards the soil, system tested on the field, with good results. MATERIALS AND METHODS The hydraulic system with automatic position control of the agricultural machine towards the soil, presented in this paper, was designed to be mounted on the 65 HP tractor and to use, from its hydraulic equipment, the hydraulic pump, distributor and hydraulic cylinder, to drive the suspension mechanism with three-points grip. Figure 1 shows a functional diagram of the hydraulic system with automatic position control of the agricultural machine towards the soil, in which the following notations were made: 1 - suspension mechanism with three-points

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Vol. 27, No.1 /2009 grip, 2 - palpable, 3 plough body working at depth a; 4 flexible cable; DT tractors distributor; D1 distributor of automatic system with dual action from the lever on board and from the palpable; Sr1, Sr2 restraint valves forming the double blocking valve; Ch - hydraulic cylinder.

LUCRRI TIINIFICE (INMATEH) trupia ce lucreaz la adncimea a; 4 cablu flexibil; DT distribuitorul tractorului; D1 distribuitorul sistemului automat prevzut cu dubl acionare de la maneta aflat la bord i de la palpator; Sr1, Sr2 supape de reinere ce alctuiesc supapa dubl de blocare; Ch cilindru hidraulic.

Fig. 1 - Functional scheme of the hydraulic system with automatic position control of the agricultural machine towards the soil / Schema funcional a sistemului hidraulic cu reglare automat a poziiei mainii agricole fa de sol

The D1 distributors command from the palpable runs through the flexible cable, as follows: if the palpable lowers, the D1 distributor is passed in lower position (C); if the palpable goes up, the D1 distributor passes in high position; To operate the hydraulic system with automatic position control of the agricultural machine towards the soil, the following operations are necessary: adjust the palpable position, corresponding to the desired working depth; pass the DT distributor in upper position in (R); lower the plough using the command lever of the D1 distributor; perform a test and measure the working depth; if the depth is appropriate, bring the thrust of the command lever of the D1 distributor near it and fix it; if the desired depth is not obtained, modify the position of the palpable and redo the working test. At the end of the parcel, for return, the distributor of the automat system is operated to lift the plough. After returning, for the ploughs driving into the soil, the lever of D1 distributor must be brought near the thrust and then the tractors DT distributor must be brought in high position. The plough begins to lower, falling into the soil until it reaches the adjusted depth, when the palpable will command the D1 distributor to transit in neutral position. The hydraulic system with automatic position control of the agricultural machine towards the soil consists of: hydraulic equipment of the tractor IH-1; automatic control system, including distributor D1 with three positions and four ways and the double blocking valve, composed of restraint valves Sr1 and Sr2; double-acting hydraulic cylinder CH. The conventional scheme for the hydraulic system with automatic position control of the agricultural machine towards the soil is presented in Figure 2, where following notations were used: IH-1 - hydraulic equipment of Universal 650 tractor; P pump; F - filter; St crossing valve; Ss - safety valve; Rh - hydraulic resistance; RZ reservoir; DT - distributor; D.R.A. - automatic control device; Dl - distributor with three positions and four ways; Sr1, Sr2 restraint valves; CH - hydraulic cylinder.

Comanda distribuitorului D1 de la palpator se execut prin intermediul cablului flexibil, astfel: - dac palpatorul coboar, distribuitorul D1 este trecut n poziia cobort (C); - dac palpatorul se ridic, distribuitorul D1 este trecut n poziia ridicat; Pentru punerea n funciune a sistemului hidraulic cu reglare automat a poziiei mainii agricole fa de sol sunt necesare urmtoarele operaii: - se regleaz poziia palpatorului, corespunztoare adncimii de lucru dorite; - se trece distribuitorul DT n poziia ridicat (R); - se coboar plugul utiliznd maneta de comand a distribuitorului D1; - se efectueaz o prob i se msoar adncimea de lucru; - dac adncimea de lucru este corespunztoare, se aduce limitatorul manetei de comand a distribuitorului D1 lng aceasta i se fixeaz; - dac adncimea dorit nu este obinut, se modific poziia palpatorului i se reface proba de lucru. La captul parcelei, pentru ntoarcere, se acioneaz distribuitorul sistemului automat pentru ridicarea plugului. Dup ntoarcere pentru antrenarea plugului n sol se aduce maneta distribuitorului D1 lng limitator i se trece distribuitorul tractorului DT n poziia ridicat. Plugul ncepe s coboare, intr n sol pn la adncimea reglat, cnd palpatorul comand trecerea distribuitorul D1 n poziia neutru. Sistemul hidraulic cu reglare automat a poziiei mainii agricole fa de sol are n componen: instalaia hidraulic a tractorului IH1; dispozitivul de reglare automat ce include distribuitorul D1 cu trei poziii i patru ci i supapa dubl de blocare, alctuit din supapele de reinere Sr1 i Sr2; cilindrul hidraulic cu dubl aciune CH. Schema convenional a sistemului hidraulic cu reglare automat a poziiei mainii agricole fa de sol este prezentat n figura 2, n care au fost folosite notaiile: IH-1 - instalaia hidraulic a tractorului Universal 650; P pomp; F filtru; St supap de trecere; Ss supap de siguran; Rh rezisten hidraulic; Rz rezervor; DT distribuitor; D.R.A. dispozitiv de reglare automat; Dl distribuitor cu trei poziii, patru ci; Sr1, Sr2 supape de reinere; CH cilindru hidraulic.

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Vol. 27, No.1 /2009

LUCRRI TIINIFICE (INMATEH)

Fig. 2 - Conventional scheme for the hydraulic system with automatic position control of the agricultural machine towards the soil / Schema convenional a sistemului hidraulic cu reglare automat a poziiei mainii agricole fa de sol

In the neutral position (N) of the DT distributor drawer it is made the connection between pump and tank, through passage valve St. If the hydraulic system with automatic position control of the agricultural machine towards the soil is working (DT distributor drawer is in high position - R), Dl distributor makes the following connections, corresponding to the positions occupied by the drawer: - the neutral position (N) - oil flows through the pump P, covering DT and Dl distributors, reaching the reservoir. The two chambers of the hydraulic cylinder are blocked; - the high position (R) - connection is made between the pump and the chamber in front of the hydraulic cylinder piston by DT (b-d), Dl (h-k), Sr2. In the same time, connection is made between the chamber behind the hydraulic cylinder piston and the reservoir by means of Sr1, Dl (j-i), DT (c-g); - lowered position (C) connection is made between the pump and hydraulic cylinder by DT (b-d), Dl (h-j), Sr1, and the connection between hydraulic cylinder and reservoir by Sr2, Dl (k-i), DT (c-g). RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS The hydraulic system with automatic position control of the agricultural machine towards the soil, whose functional and conventional schemes were presented in Figures 1 and 2, was developed (fig. 3 - automatic hydraulic system, fig. 4 - the control position device) and tested on the field. For the developement of the automatic hydraulic system, the hydraulic equipment of U 650 tractor (IH-1) was supplemented with (fig. 3): the position control device -1; flexible cable - 2; distributor - 3; blocking valve - 4; control lever - 5.

n poziia neutru (N) a sertarului distribuitorului DT este realizat legtura dintre pomp i rezervor, prin supapa de trecere St. n cazul n care sistemul hidraulic cu reglare automat a poziiei mainii agricole fa de sol funcioneaz (sertarul distribuitorului DT se afl n poziia ridicat R), distribuitorul Dl realizeaz urmtoarele legturi, corespunztoare poziiilor ocupate de sertarul acestuia: poziia neutru (N) uleiul debitat de pompa P parcurge distribuitoarele DT i Dl ajungnd n rezervor. Cele dou camere ale cilindrului hidraulic sunt blocate; poziia ridicat (R) se realizeaz legtura ntre pomp i camera din faa pistonului cilindrului hidraulic prin DT (b-d), Dl (h-k), Sr2. n acelai timp este realizat i legtura ntre camera din spatele pistonului cilindrului hidraulic i rezervor prin Sr1, Dl (j-i), DT (c-g); poziia cobort (C) se realizeaz legtura pomp cilindru hidraulic prin DT (b-d), Dl (h-j), Sr1, precum i legtura dintre cilindrul hidraulic i rezervor prin Sr2, Dl (k-i), DT (c-g). REZULTATE I DISCUII Sistemul hidraulic cu reglare automat a poziiei mainii agricole fa de sol, a crui schem funcional, respectiv convenional, au fost prezentate n figurile 1 i 2, a fost realizat (fig. 3 sistemul hidraulic automat; fig. 4 dispozitivul de reglare a poziiei) i ncercat n cmp. Pentru realizarea sistemului hidraulic automat, instalaia hidraulic a tractorului U 650 (IH-1) a fost completat cu (fig. 3): dispozitivul de reglare a poziiei -1; cablul flexibil - 2; distribuitorul - 3; supapa de blocare - 4; maneta de comand - 5.

Fig. 3 - Components of the automatic hydraulic system / Prile componente ale sistemului hidraulic automat

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Vol. 27, No.1 /2009 On the position control device (fig. 4) it can be intervened to: modify the precompression resort 4 to ensure different pressings of the palpable on the soil; change the connection point (joint) between rod 3 and lever 5, to adjust the work depth; change the holding point of the flexible cable at lever 5, to modify the sensitivity of the automatic hydraulic system; block or release joint 6 to prevent or allow horizontal oscillations of the palpable. Following the automatic hydraulic system tests, the results pointed that is necessary to replace the fixed skid with a mobile one, to prevent the system to operate at very low subsidences, as well as the replacement of the flexible cable with another flexible cable that works both in stretching and compression (steel wire inserted in the flexible shirt). The method of use for this system is the following: adjust the depth of work by intervening on the joint point between rod 3 and lever 5; pass the tractor distributor in high position; lower the plough using the command lever of the automatic systems distributor; perform a test and measure the depth of work; if the depth is appropriate, bring the thrust of the command lever for the automatic system distributor near it and fix it.

LUCRRI TIINIFICE (INMATEH) Asupra dispozitivului de reglare a poziiei (fig. 4) se poate interveni pentru: - modificarea precomprimrii resortului 4 pentru a asigura apsri diferite ale palpatorului pe sol; - modificarea punctului de legtur (articulaiei) dintre tija 3 i prghia 5, pentru a regla adncimea de lucru; - modificarea punctului de prindere a cablului flexibil la prghia 5, pentru a modifica sensibilitatea sistemului hidraulic automat; - blocarea sau eliberarea articulaiei 6 pentru a mpiedica sau a permite oscilaiile palpatorului n plan orizontal. n urma ncercrilor sistemului hidraulic automat a rezultat necesitatea nlocuirii patinei fixe cu o patin mobil, pentru a mpiedica sistemul s intre n funciune la denivelari foarte mici, precum i a cablului flexibil cu un cablu flexibil ce lucreaz att la ntindere, ct i la compresiune (srm de oel introdus n cmaa flexibil). Modul de utilizare a acestui sistem este urmtorul: - se regleaz adncimea de lucru intervenind asupra punctului de articulaie dintre tija 3 i prghia 5; - se trece distribuitorul tractorului n poziia ridicat; - se acioneaz coborrea plugului utiliznd maneta de comand a distribuitorului sistemului automat; - se efectueaz o prob i se msoar adncimea de lucru; - dac adncimea de lucru este corespunztoare, se aduce limitatorul manetei de comand a distribuitorului sistemului automat lng aceasta i se fixeaz.

Fig. 4 - Position control device / Dispozitivul de reglare a poziiei

At the end of the parcel, for return, the automatic system distributor is operated from the command lever, to lift the plough. After the return, to drive the plough into the soil, the automatic system distributor lever must be brought near the thrust, followed by the lift command from the tractor distributor. The plough begins to lower, being drived into the soil to the adjusted depth, when the palpable commands the shift of the automatic system distributor in neutral position. Within the experimental tests using the new hydraulic system for position control of the agricultural machine towards the soil, were observed: the depth of work, the aggregate speed, hourly fuel consumption, traction force and wheels slippage. For comparison, the same parameters were measured for an aggregate with a support wheel plough for limiting depth of work. The two aggregates were subjected to tests on the same soil (without subsidences and natural barriers), in

La captul parcelei, pentru ntoarcere, se acioneaz distribuitorul sistemului automat de la maneta de comand pentru ridicarea plugului. Dup ntoarcere, pentru antrenarea plugului n sol se aduce maneta distribuitorului sistemului automat lng limitator i se comand ridicarea de la distribuitorul tractorului. Plugul ncepe s coboare, se antreneaz n sol pn la adncimea reglat, cnd palpatorul comand trecerea distribuitorului sistemului automat n poziia neutru. n cadrul ncercrilor experimentale cu noul sistem hidraulic de reglare a poziiei mainii agricole fa de sol au fost urmrite: adncimea de lucru, viteza agregatului, consumul orar de combustibil, fora de traciune i patinarea roilor. Pentru comparaie, aceiai parametri au fost urmrii i n cazul unui agregat format cu un plug cu roat de limitare a adncimii de lucru. Cele dou agregate au fost supuse ncercrilor pe acelai teren (fr denivelri i obstacole naturale), n

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Vol. 27, No.1 /2009 the same conditions of humidity, temperature and degree of weed infestation. The experimental results for the two aggregates are presented in Table 1. It should be noted that prior to the tests execution on the comparative analysis of the two aggregates (with hydraulic system with automatic position control of the agricultural machine towards the soil and with classical system) test have been performed on the operation of the hydraulic system with automatic position control of the agricultural machine towards the soil. During the tests several attempts have been made to observe the behavior of hydraulic automatic system in work. To determine the slippage coefficient have been accomplished empty trips of the tractor plough aggregate. The measurements for the two tested aggregates were performed for three values of the working depth, in two rehearsals.

LUCRRI TIINIFICE (INMATEH) aceleai condiii de umiditate, temperatur i grad de mburuienare al solului. Rezultatele experimentale, pentru cele dou agregate, sunt prezentate n tabelul 1. Se impune observaia ca nainte de efectuarea probelor privind analiza comparativ a celor dou agregate (cu sistem hidraulic cu reglare automat a poziiei mainii agricole fa de sol i cu sistem clasic) s-au efectuat ncercri privind modul de funcionare a sistemului hidraulic cu reglare automat a poziiei mainii agricole fa de sol. Pe durata ncercrilor s-au fcut mai multe ncercri pentru a urmri comportarea sistemului hidraulic automat n lucru. Pentru determinarea coeficientului de patinare s-au realizat deplasri n gol ale agregatului tractor - plug. Determinrile, n cazul celor dou agregate ncercate, s-au efectuat pentru trei valori ale adncimii de lucru, n dou repetiii. Table 1 / Tabel 1

No. crt.

Medium depth / Adncimea medie [m]

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Wheel slippage / Patinarea roilor [%] Aggregate Hourly Traction force / speed / Viteza consumption/ Fora de Left wheel / Right wheel / Mean / agregatului Consumul traciune [daN] Media Roat stnga Roat dreapta [m/s] orar [kg/h] Plough with automatic system / Plug cu sistem automat 0,1972 0,735 5,53 13,5 4,4 8,95 839,5 0,1963 0,725 5,70 9,9 5,6 7,75 1173,9 0,1631 1,042 4,45 6,0 1,7 3,85 712,7 0,1585 1,059 7,75 7,6 2,3 4,59 980,6 0,2315 0,862 9,59 22,7 24,8 23,75 1811,3 0,2377 0,954 9,92 20,4 13,2 16,80 1785,5 Support wheel plough for depth limitation / Plug cu roat de limitare a adncimii 0,24 0,709 11,71 33,5 23,8 28,65 1712,3 0,237 0,975 8,95 20,1 17,1 18,6 1555 0,2055 0,794 9,47 18,8 13,8 16,3 1465,5 0,205 0,926 9,44 17,75 16,05 16,9 1639,5 0,1668 0,943 6,85 10,25 6,95 8,6 1018,7 0,1681 0,877 9,94 18 16,4 17,20 1701,8 Reprezentnd grafic consumul orar de combustibil n funcie de fora de traciune, pentru cele dou agregate supuse ncercrilor, se obin variaiile din figura 5.

Figure 5 shows the graphical representation of the dependence between hourly fuel consumption and traction force, for the two tested aggregates.
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Fig. 5 - Graphical representation of the dependence between hourly fuel consumption and traction force, in both cases / Reprezentarea grafic a consumului orar de combustibil n funcie de fora de traciune, n cele dou cazuri

CONCLUSIONS Because the systems with force and position control ensure an adhesion increase, a reduction in fuel consumption and increased productivity, they were

CONCLUZII Deoarece sistemele cu reglaj de for i poziie asigur o mrire a aderenei, o reducere a consumului de combustibil i o cretere a productivitii, ele s-au

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Vol. 27, No.1 /2009 generalized to modern tractors, choosing the appropriate control of working conditions. Given the fact that in our country the soils are not leveled and neighter homogeneous, in which case are worked with the classic support wheel system, losing the advantages mentioned above, solutions are quested to ensure the transfer of machine weight and vertical component of the resulting forces acting on the tractor working organs, regardless of the conditions. The system presented in this article removes the disadvantages of classical systems, by ensuring, regardless of the working conditions (unleveled soil or/and heterogeneous) a constant ploughing depth and at the same time transferring the ploughs weight and of the vertical components of the forces acting on it, to the tractor, increasing the pressure on the driving wheels, and therefore, by increasing the adhesion, also increases the traction force and aggregate productivity, downsizing slippages energy consumption. Following the analysis of experimental datas presented in Table 1, it can be observed that, when using automatic hydraulic system with position control of the agricultural machine towards the soil, the pressure on the driving wheels increases with 750 daN and the slippage decreases, on average, by 29%. Hourly fuel consumption, as it can be observed in Figure 5, reduces when using the presented automatic hydraulic system, by approximately 0.7 kg/h. Researches on the hydraulic systems with automatic position control of the agricultural machime towards the soil could continue with the achievement of a automatic hydraulic system electrical connection response. Determination of agricultural machines position towards the soil could be achieved by substituting the palpable mounted on the machine with a system consisting of a transmitter and a ultrasounds receiver, to measure the distance from the car to the soil and to command the distributor of the automatic hydraulic system. The presented hydraulic system with automatic position control of the agricultural machine towards the soil can be completed with a device for traction force control, or with a slippage device control. In this situation, the automatic hydraulic system can operate with position control and it can switch on force or slippage control when the traction force, respectively the slippage, exceeds the maximum prescribed values. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Babiciu P., .a. Hydraulic systems for tractors and agricultural machines, Ceres Reader, Bucharest, 1984; 2. Caproiu t., .a. Tillage machines, harvesting and yield sustenance, Teaching and Pedagogic Reader, Bucharest, 1982; 3. Ciulu Gh. Exploitation of hydraulic mechanisms from 65 and 80 HP tractors, Ceres Reader, Bucharest, 1983; 4. Muuroi G. Researches on the achievement of a hydraulic system with automatic position control of the agricultural machine towards the soil, Doctoral Thesis, Bucharest, 2002; 5. Paraschiv G., .a. Hydraulic drive of agricultural machines, Printech Reader, Bucharest, 2000.

LUCRRI TIINIFICE (INMATEH) generalizat la tractoarele moderne, alegndu-se reglajul potrivit condiiilor concrete de lucru. innd seama de faptul c n ara noastr terenurile nu sunt nivelate i nici omogene, caz n care se lucreaz cu sistemul clasic cu roat de sprijin, pierzndu-se avantajele menionate mai sus, se caut soluii care s asigure transferul greutii mainii i a componentei verticale a rezultantei forelor ce acioneaz asupra organelor de lucru pe tractor n orice condiii. Sistemul prezentat n cadrul acestui articol nltur dezavantajele sistemelor clasice prin aceea c asigur n orice condiii de lucru (teren denivelat sau/i neomogen) o artur de adncime constant i n acelai timp transfer greutatea plugului i a componentelor verticale ale forelor ce acioneaz asupra acestuia tractorului, mrind apsarea pe roile motoare, i ca urmare, prin creterea aderenei crete fora de traciune i productivitatea agregatului, micorndu-se patinrile i consumurile energetice. n urma analizei datelor experimentale, prezentate n tabelul 1, se poate constata c n cazul utilizrii sistemului hidraulic automat de reglare a poziiei mainii agricole fa de sol, apsarea pe roile motoare crete cu 750 daN iar patinrile scad, n medie, cu 29%. n cazul consumului orar de combustibil, aa cum se poate constata i din figura 5, acesta se reduce n cazul utilizrii sistemului hidraulic automat prezentat cu aproximativ 0,7 kg/h. Cercetrile privind sistemele hidraulice cu reglare automat a poziiei mainii agricole fa de sol ar putea continua cu realizarea unui sistem hidraulic automat cu legtura de reacie electric. Determinarea poziiei mainii agricole fa de sol s-ar putea realiza nlocuind palpatorul montat pe main cu un sistem format dintr-un emitor i un receptor de ultrasunete care s msoare distana de la cadrul mainii la sol i s comande distribuitorul sistemului hidraulic automat. Sistemul hidraulic cu reglare automat a poziiei mainii agricole fa de sol prezentat poate fi completat fie cu un dispozitiv de control al forei de traciune, fie cu un dispozitiv de control al patinrii. n aceast situaie, sistemul hidraulic automat poate funciona cu reglaj de poziie i poate comuta pe reglajul de for sau patinare cnd fora de traciune, respectiv patinarea, depesc valorile maxime prescrise. BIBLIOGRAFIE 1. Babiciu P., .a. Sisteme hidraulice ale tractoarelor i mainilor agricole, Editura CERES, Bucureti, 1984; 2. Caproiu t., .a. Maini agricole de lucrat solul, semnat i ntreinere a culturilor, Editura Didactic i Pedagogic, Bucureti, 1982; 3. Ciulu Gh. Exploatarea mecanismelor hidraulice de la tractoarele de 65 i 80 CP, Editura Ceres, Bucureti, 1983; 4. Muuroi G. Cercetri privind realizarea unui sistem hidraulic cu reglare automat a poziiei mainii agricole fa de sol, Tez de doctorat, Bucureti, 2002; 5. Paraschiv G., .a. Acionarea hidraulic a mainilor agricole, Editura Printech, Bucureti, 2000.

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