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B GIO DC V O TO
TRNG I HC TIN GIANG
KHOA K THUT
Li ni u. .........................................................................................................
CHONG I : GII THIU SO LC V CO CU PHAN PHI KHI
CUA NG CO T TRONG
1.1 Nhim v :................................................................................
1.2 Yu cu : ..................................................................................
1.3 Phn loi co cu phn phi kh cua dng co dt trong .......
1.4 Mt s h thng phn phi kh o dng co dt trong ...
CHONG II : GII THIU CC CO CU PHAN PHI KHI THNG
MINH.
2.1 Gii thiu so loc :
2.2 H thng phi kh VVT-I :.....................................................
2.2.1 Lch s hnh thnh h thng phn phi kh VVT. .............................
2.2.2 Cu to : ..........................................................................................
2.2.3gu!"n #$ hot %&ng. .........................................................................
2.2.' T()c c*+ , h thng phi kh th-ng +inh .VVT/i0:........................
2.3 Cng ngh VVTL-I cua HONDA .........................................
2.3.1 Cu to ............................................................................................
2.3.2 gu!"n #$ hot %&ng:........................................................................
2.4 Cu to v hot dng cua h thng VTEC (VARYABLE
VALVE TIMING AND LIFT ELECTRONIC CONTROL )
cng ngh VTEC cua HONDA :................................................
2.'.1 Cu to. ...............................................................................................
2.'.2 gu!"n #$ hot 1&ng ..........................................................................
2.5 Tm hiu MVEC trn xe MISUBISHI :...............................
2.2.1 Cu to. ............................................................................................
2.2.2 gu!"n #$ hot %&ng. ........................................................................
2.6 Co cu VARIO CAM PLUS cua hang PORSCHE :..........
GVHD: NGUYN HUYNH THI SVTH : NGUYN THANH TUYEN 5
Tiu Lun Tt Nghip H Thng Phn Phi Khi VVT - I
2.3.1 Cu to:............................................................................................
2.3.2 gu!"n #$ hot %&ng :. .....................................................................
2.7 Co cu EMVT : iu khin xuppap bng din : ..................
2.8 Co cu EVHS : din _ thuy lc : ...........................................
CHONG III : CC H HONG , PHONG PHP KIEM TRA V SUA
CHUA CO CU PHAN PHI KHI .
3.1 Hu ho ng cua co cu phi khi thung do 2 nguyn nhn :
Xu pa p dong khng kin v Xu pap la m vic co ting go :.........
3.2 Cc hu hng cua cc b phn tay di hnh trnh xupap :
3.3 Phuong php kim tra hu hng v co cu phn phi kh :
3.4 Kim tra cam bin : ................................................................
Kt lun .........................................................................................................
Ti liu tham kho .......................................................................................
GVHD: NGUYN HUYNH THI SVTH : NGUYN THANH TUYEN 6
Tiu Lun Tt Nghip H Thng Phn Phi Khi VVT - I
LI NI AU
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Trong thoi dim vt gia leo thang hin nay , dt bit la gia xng , du dang
ngt ngung .Thi trong vic chon mua mt phuong tin giao thng di lai dt bit
la t thi nguoi tiu dung huong toi mt loai xe vua phai tin nghi vua tit kim
duoc nhin liu . H thng phn phi khi thng minh VVT-I d giai quyt duoc
vn d trn. Chng nhung vua tit kim duoc vn d nhin liu ma con vua giam
bot gy nhim mi truong .
Voi mt dich cung c va mo rng kim thuc chuyn mn , dng thoi lam
quen voi phong cach nhin cuu khoa hoc gop phn nng cao hiu qua phi khi
trn dng co dt trong . Ti d chon d tai nay lam tiu lun tt nghip .
Nguoi thuc hin
NGUYN THANH TUYEN
GVHD: NGUYN HUYNH THI SVTH : NGUYN THANH TUYEN
Tiu Lun Tt Nghip H Thng Phn Phi Khi VVT - I
GVHD: NGUYN HUYNH THI SVTH : NGUYN THANH TUYEN 8
Tiu Lun Tt Nghip H Thng Phn Phi Khi VVT - I
CHONG I :
GII THIU SO LC V CO CU PHAN PHI KHI CUA NG CO
T TRONG .
1.1 Nhim v :
H thng phn phi khi co nhim v thuc hin qua trinh thay di khi.thai
sach khi ra khoi xylanh va nap dy hn hop hoc khi moi vao xylanh d dng co
lam vic lin tc.
1.2 Yu cu :
Dam bao thai sach va nap dy.
Cac xupap phai dng mo dung theo thoi dim quy dnh.
D mo phai lon d dong khi d lua thng.
Ca c xupap phai kin khit , tranh lot khi trong qua trinh nn va gian no.
H thng phai lam vic m du, tin cy cng chi phi thp.
Yu cu di voi h thng nap:
Cac duong dn khi phai duoc thit k dc bit d din khin luu luong , tc
d va chiu dn khng khi tt nht.
Cung cp khng khi d qut .
Cung cp khi sach cho tung xylanh theo yu cu chay hoan hao.
Giam ting n dong khi luu dng.
Say nong hn hop khi nhin liu di vao cac xylanh
Yu cu di voi h thng xa:
Dn khi xa cua dng co ra ngoai khng khi va giam tin n .
Lc va tiu huy khi xa dc .
1.3 Phn loi co cu phn phi kh cua dng co dt trong :
1) Co cu phn phi khi dung cam xupap .
2) Co cu phn phi khi dung van truot.
3) Co cu dung piston dong mo ca nap va ca xa ca dng co 2 ky.
4) Co cu phn phi khi dung b phn diu khin din t (CM) tin hiu
dn cun solenoid ,cac cun solenoid din co nhim v mo cac xupap.
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Tiu Lun Tt Nghip H Thng Phn Phi Khi VVT - I
Dng co Dieen s dng co cu xupap treo vi dung tich bun chay va t s
nn cao .
Dng co xng co th dung xupap treo hay dt.
Ngay nay thuong dung co cu xupap treo vi co cu nay co nhiu ua dim
hon so voi dung xupap dt. Cu tao lam cho bun chay gon, dy la diu kin
tin quyt d co t s nn cao va giam kha nng kich n cua dng co xng.cac
dong khi luu thng it b ngoc tn tht nho tao diu kin cho vic thai sach va
nap dy hon.
1.4 Mt s h thng phn phi kh o dng co dt trong
Co cu phn phi khi dung d thuc hin qua trinh thay khi: xa khi thai ra khoi
xilanh va nap dy hn hop hoc khng khi moi vao xilanh trong qua trinh lam
vic cua dng co, dam bao dong kin cac ca nap, ca xa trong qua trinh.
1. Co cu phn phi kh c xu pp treo:
Hinh 1.1 Co cu phn phi khi co xupap treo.
Co cu phn phi khi co xu pap treo (Hinh 1), cac xupap duoc b tri o phia
trn cua np may. H thng nap xa nay duoc dung hu ht trong dng co diesel
va dng co co xng co t s nn cao. Co cu xupap treo gm:
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Tiu Lun Tt Nghip H Thng Phn Phi Khi VVT - I
trc cam, con di, da dy, don ganh, lo xo, ng dn huong va d xupap.
Di voi co cu xupap treo co trc cam dt o phia trn np may. Thi co th khng
co da dy ma thay vao do la xich hoc banh rng. Va co th co hoc khng co
don ganh.
Khi trc cam quay, cam s truyn chuyn dng tnh tin cho con di lam
cho da dy chuyn dng tnh tin do do lam cho don ganh quay quanh trc don
ganh. Du don ganh s d ln dui xupap lam cho xupap chuyn dng tnh tin
di xung mo ca nap va xa d thuc hin qua trinh trao di khi. Vao luc cam
khng di con di thi lo xo xupap s gin ra, lam cho xupap chuyn dng di ln
dong ca nap va xa lai d thuc hin qua trinh nn, chay, gin no va sinh cng.
tu th nay, luc may con ngui, giua du don ganh va dui xupap s co khe ho,
goi la khe ho nhit. Nho no, khi may lam vic, do nong ln, xupap co gin no,
bung dt cng khng b hon hit.
2.Co cu phn phi kh c xu pp dng (xupp dt):
Hnh1. 2. Co cu phn phi kh c xu pp dng.
1 d xupap 2 xupap 3- ng dn huong xupap 4 lo xo xupap
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Tiu Lun Tt Nghip H Thng Phn Phi Khi VVT - I
5 mong hm hinh cn 6 da chn lo xo bulng diu chnh
8 dai c hm con di 10 trc cam.
Co cu phn phi khi co xupap dung trinh by trn (Hinh 1.2), loai nay
thuong dung o may xng. dy khng co da dy, don ganh, con di truc tip
truyn dng cho xupap 2. Thay di chiu cao tuyt di cua con di bng bu lng
va c hm 8 s diu chnh duoc khe ho nhit. Loai h thng nap xa co xupap
dung nay lam tng din tich bung dt nhung it chi tit hon so voi loai xupap
treo do do d tin cy khi lam vic cua loai nay cao hon h thng nap xa co
xupap treo. Va an toan hon loai xupap treo, vi gia s mong hm xupap co tut
ra, xupap cung khng roi vao xylanh, khng gy hu hongcho piston, xy lanh dc
bit khi khi dng co dang lam vic.
3. Co cu phn phi kh c trc cam truyn dng trc tip cho xupp:
Hinh 1.3. Co cu phn phi khi co xupap treo, trc cam dt trn np xupap.
1xupap xa 2lo xo xupap 3trc cam 4da tua 5bulng diu chnh
6thn xupap rng vanh tua 8mt tr da tua lo xo
Co cu phn phi khi co trc cam truyn dng truc tip cho xupap th
hin trn hinh v (Hinh 1.3). khi trc cam dt trn np xylanh, va cam truc tip
diu khin vic dong, mo xupap, khng qua con di, da dy, don ganh..
Tuy nhin h trc va hai cp banh rng cn co phuc tap, ch tao kho, nhung no
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Tiu Lun Tt Nghip H Thng Phn Phi Khi VVT - I
co uu dim la lam vic m hon, it gy ting n. Boi vi co cu nay khng co chi
tit lam vic theo chuyn dng tnh tin co dim dung nhu truong hop co don
ganh va da dy. Loai nay co xupap rng, ghp. Bulng 5 giup ta diu chnh
chiu dai xupap, s cho php diu chnh khe ho nhit (giu mt tua cua cam va
dui xupap). Tuy nhin, di voi xupap xa thuong lam vic o nhit d toi (300
400)0C. vi vy cac duong ren d b kt do han r, diu chnh bu lng 5 rt
kho. Lo xo xupap o dy co hai chic co d cung khac nhau, chiu qun nguoc
nhau va co chiu dai bng nhau. Nho vy tranh duoc su cng huong nn bn lu
hon. Voi may nho di khi nguoi ta duc lin mt khi, nhu vy khng diu chnh
duoc khe ho nhit. Trong truong hop nay, nha ch tao d khe ho nhit lon mt
chut, khi mon cang lon hon, nn co th co ting g khi may lam vic, nhung cu
tao don gian, am vic an toan.
4 Co cu phn phi kh c trc cam dt trn np xylanh nhung vn c
dn gnh:
Hnh 1.4 .So d co cu phn phi kh c trc cam dt trn np xylanh
nhung vn c dn gnh.
Co cu phn phi khi co trc cam dt trn np xylanh nhung vn co don
ganh duoc th hin trn hinh v (Hinh 4). Trc cam dt trn np xylanh, nhung
cam khng truc tip ty vao xupap ma thng qua don ganh s. Chuyn dng tu
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Tiu Lun Tt Nghip H Thng Phn Phi Khi VVT - I
trc khuu cho trc cam bng xich. Diu chnh khe ho nhit duoc thuc hin nho
vit diu chnh va c hm o du don ganh.
5.Co cu phn phi kh diu khin din t:
a. So d nguyn l tng ut:
H thng diu khin dng co theo chuong trinh bao gm cac cam bin
kim soat lin tc tinh trang hoat dng cua dng co, mt b CU tip nhn tin
hiu tu cam bin, x ly tin hiu va dua ra tin hiu diu khin dn co cu chp
hanh. Co cu chp hanh lun dam bao thua lnh CU va dap ung cac tin hiu
phan hi tu cac ca bin. Hoat dng cua h thng diu khin dng co dem lai su
chinh xac va thich ung cn thit d giam ti da cht dc hai trong khi thai cng
nhu luong tiu hao nhin liu. CU cng dam bao cng sut ti uu o cac ch d
hoat dng cua dng co, giup chn doan khi co su c xay ra. Diu khin dng co
bao gm diu khin phun nhin liu, diu khin danh la, diu khin goc phi
cam, diu khin ra tu dng.
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Tiu Lun Tt Nghip H Thng Phn Phi Khi VVT - I
Hnh1. 5 : So d cu trc cua h thng diu khin lp trnh
b. So d cu tao:
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Tiu Lun Tt Nghip H Thng Phn Phi Khi VVT - I
Hnh 1.6:So d cu to h thng diu khin kiu Valvetronic.
1:M to buoc 2:B truyn trc vit banh vit 3:Cn dn huong
4:Trc np cn dn huong 5: Don ganh 6:Lo xo xupap : Xupap.
H thng cung cp nhin liu kim soat s luong khng khi di qua c hong
buom ga va quyt dnh s luong nhin liu tuong ung ma dng co yu cu.
Buom ga mo cang rng thi luong khng khi di vao bung dt cang
nhiu. Tai vung hong buom ga, buom ga dong mt phn thm chi gn nhu dong,
nhung nhung piston vn con hoat dng, khng khi duoc ly vao tu mt phn cua
ng thng cua duong ng phn phi du vao, ng thng nm giua v tri buom ga
va bung dt co d chn khng thp ngn can tac dng cua su hut vao va bom
vao cua nhung piston, lam lng phi nng luong.Cac k su t noi dn hin
tuong nay nhu su bo phi nng luong khi co su bom. Dng co hoat dng cang
chm thi cac buom ga dong cang nhiu, va su lng phi nng luong cang lon.
Valvetronic giam ti thiu mt mat khi bom bng su giam bot su tng ln cua
trc van va s luong khng khi di vao bung chay. So voi nhung dng co cam
di kiu c voi su xut hin cua banh con ln co b phn dnh huong,
valvetronic s dng thm mt trc lch tm, mt m to din va mt s cn dy
(don ganh) trung gian, ma ln luot dn dng su dong va mo cua cac xupap. Nu
don ganh dy xung su, nhung van nap s b dy xung o v tri mo xupap lon
nht va lam cho tit din luu thng qua cac van la lon nht. Nhu vy, valvetronic
GVHD: NGUYN HUYNH THI SVTH : NGUYN THANH TUYEN 16
Tiu Lun Tt Nghip H Thng Phn Phi Khi VVT - I
co kha nng nap nhiu, thoi gian nap dai (hanh trinh van lon) va qua trinh nap
duoc dy hoan toan, tit din luu thng nho (hanh trinh van ngn) tuy thuc vao
v tri dnh truoc trn dng co.
Co cu phi khi trc cam trn dnh
Hnh 1.7 : Phi kh trc cam trn dnh, trong DOHC.
Co cu phi khi trc cam trn dnh la thut ngu trong ngh d ch co cu diu
hanh su chuyn dng cua cac trong dng co t, nho vao cac dt trn dnh dng
co.Co mt s co cu thng dng nhu SOHC, DOHC,...SOHC
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Tiu Lun Tt Nghip H Thng Phn Phi Khi VVT - I
Hnh 1.8 : Co cu SOHC
Mt co cu SOHC SOHC (vit tt cho tu Single Over Head Camshat)
dung d ch co cu phi khi mt trc cam trn dnh. Trong co cu nay, duoc b
tri trong cm du xylanh (trn dnh piston), duoc dn dng boi xich cam va diu
khin xupap thng qua .
Uu dim cua co cu la do giam nhiu chi tit dn dng nn no hoat dng
n dnh hon, ngay ca o tc d cao.
Tuy nhin co cu nay cng co nhuoc dim la kha nng dap ung cua xupap
khng nhanh bng co cu DOHC.
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Tiu Lun Tt Nghip H Thng Phn Phi Khi VVT - I
Hnh 1. : Co cu DOHC
Co cu DOHC cua mt dng co cua OHC (vit tt cho tu ting Anh
Double Over Head Camshat) dung d ch co cu phi khi hai trc cam trn
dnh. Trong co cu nay, xupap nap va xupap xa duoc diu khin boi hai trc
cam ring bit. Co 2 loai co cu phi khi hai trc cam: loai co s dng co m va
loai khng s dng co m.
Co cu DOHC cho php thit k dang bung dt uu vit hon loai SOHC.
Kha nng dap ung va hoat dng cua xupap cng nhanh hon va chinh xac hon so
voi loai SOHC. Do vy, co cu nay duoc ap dng cho cac loai dng co cn tinh
nng cao, tc d cao (th , xe hoi).
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Tiu Lun Tt Nghip H Thng Phn Phi Khi VVT - I
CHONG II
GII THIU CC CO CU PHAN PHI KHI THNG MINH
2.1 GII THIU SO LC
Hinh 2.1 : Xupap thng minh
Xu huong phat trin cua t hin dai ngay nay la gia tng tc d cuc dai
tu 180-250 km dn 250-330 km/h va giam tiu hao nhin liu. Cac giai phap
duoc dua ra nhm tng tc d dng co la diu khin pha phi khi hoc thay di
hanh trinh xupap thng minh. Tip theo do nhiu hng xe lon trn th gioi d va
dang ap dng giai phap thu hai vao mc dich trn. Cac cng ngh nhu VVTL-i
cua Toyota VTC cua Honda MIVC cua Mitsubishi VALVTONIC cua
BM VVL cua Nissan ln luot xut hin d khng dnh tm quan trong cua
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Tiu Lun Tt Nghip H Thng Phn Phi Khi VVT - I
vn d nu trn. Bai vit ky nay chung ti s ln luot gioi thiu voi cac ban v
cac cng ngh nay.
Hin nay trn dng co t co nhiu ky hiu chu cai vit tt nhu: HONDA
goi la VTC hay i-VTC, VVT-i va VVTL-i cua Toyota.Chung nhm quang
ba cho cac cng ngh moi nht va tin tin cua hng nhung bn canh do khin
nguoi tiu dung khng th hiu ht duoc cac ki hiu phuc tap do.
Hnh 2.2 : H thng din khin bng thuy lc .
Duoi dy chung ti dua ra mt s giai thich co ban nhu sau:
- Trn t, cac loai dng co 4 ky hin dai ngay nay s dng co cu phi khi
thng minh ( co cu diu khin trc cam thng minh) nhm diu chnh thoi dim
dong mo xupap, pha phi khi mt cach tu dng hoc lam thay di d nng cua
xupap tu dng tuy thuc vao ch d lam vic cua dng co.
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Tiu Lun Tt Nghip H Thng Phn Phi Khi VVT - I
Hnh 2.3 : ng co VVT-I .
- HONDA co dng co VTC ( Variable Vale Timing and Lit lectronic
Control ): Pha phi khi va d mo van diu kin din t , H thng VTC hoat
dng ging nhu mt thit b nn hay mt tuc bin tng ap bng cach tao ra kha
nng cun cao va hiu sut tip nhin liu hiu qua d tao ra cng sut lon.
Hnh 2.4 : H thng VTEC
- Ngoai ra HONDA con co cac th h dng co nhu :VTC-: la h thng
b truyn dng van trong do hai ch d cam diu khin van co kich thuoc khac
nhau. Cam ngn hon cho php mt van mo voi d mo it va diu nay lam giam
muc tiu hao nhin liu. Ging h thng VTC ban du, khi dng co dat s
vong/phut lon hon, cht khoa khoa cam thit k cho vong tua cao va thoi gian
mo van duoc tng ln d dat duoc cng sut lon hon.
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Tiu Lun Tt Nghip H Thng Phn Phi Khi VVT - I
3STAG VTC: H thng nay s dng 3 ch d cam khac nhau hoat dng
o 3 pha. Mi cam diu khin mt pha thoi gian mo va nng van khac nhau.
i-VTC: (Intelligent VTC) la h thng diu khin van thanh cng nht tu
truoc toi nay cua hng HONDA va duoc ung dng trn nhiu mu xe. H thng
i-VTC duoc gioi thiu nm 2001 va s dng thit b diu chnh thoi gian van
nap bin thin lin tc va h thng quan ly do may tinh diu khin d ti uu hoa
m men xon va hiu sut s dng nhin liu.
AVTC: Advanced VTC duoc hng HONDA gioi thiu nm 2006. H
thng nay kt hop nhung loi th cua h thng i-VTC voi h thng diu khin
pha bin thin lin tc. Hng HONDA cho bit h thng AVTC s cho php
tit kim 13 nhin liu so voi h thng i-VTC va giam toi 5 khi thai so
voi tiu chun nm 2005. Tuy vy, cho dn nay, h thng nay vn chua duoc
trang b cho cac mu xe t moi duoc san xut.
H thng VTC cua HONDA la du mc quan trong trong vic nghin cuu
va phat trin dng co dt trong vi no d gop phn giai quyt thanh cng mt vn
d d duoc dt ra tu lu. Do la vn d v hiu sut hoat dng cua dng co. H
thng VTC ra doi khng ch giup tng hiu sut cua dng co dt trong ma con
mang dn cho khach hang mt chic xe cng sut cao va tit kim nhin liu.
- Hng xe Nht TOYOTA thi co VVT-i (Variable Vale Timing
intelligent): thoi dim phi khi thay di thng minh hay VVTL-i (Variable
Valve Timing and Lit intelligent) thoi dim phi khi va hanh trinh xupap thay
di thng minh.
Thng thuong, thoi dim phi khi duoc c dnh, nhung h thng VVT-i s
dng ap sut thuy luc d xoay trc cam nap va lam thay di thoi dim phi khi.
Diu nay co th lam tng cng sut, cai thin tinh kinh t nhin liu va giam khi
xa nhim.
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Tiu Lun Tt Nghip H Thng Phn Phi Khi VVT - I
Hnh 2.5 : H thng VVTL-i
H thng nay duoc thit k d diu khin thoi dim phi khi bng cach
xoay trc cam trong mt pham vi 400 so voi goc quay cua trc khuu d dat
duoc thoi dim phi khi ti uu cho cac diu kin hoat dng cua dng co dua trn
tin hiu tu cac cam bin, con h thng VVTL-i dua trn h thng VVT-i va ap
dng mt co cu di vu cam d thay di hanh trinh cua xupap nap va xa. Diu
nay cho php duoc duoc cng sut cao ma khng anh huong dn tinh kinh t
nhin liu hay nhim khi xa.
- Cng nhu th BM goi cng ngh nay phuc tap hon la VANOS
(Variable nockenellen steuerung ) H thng VANOS lam vic dua trn nguyn
tc la diu khin cac co cu cua h thng, ma vic diu chnh do co th lam thay
di v tri tuong di cua trc cam nap di voi trc khuu
H thng diu chnh kiu VANOS giup cho vic diu khin h thng phn
phi khi o ch d ti uu nht. H thng nay diu chnh ca trc cam nap va trc
cam xa, diu chnh duoc thoi dim dong, mo cac xupap nap va xupap xa theo
tung ch d yu cu cua dng co. Nho vic diu chnh hop ly co cu xuppap nap
va xuppap xa do do d tit kim duoc luong nhin liu khi dng co hoat dng o
cac ch d khac nhau va luong nhin liu tht thoat ra ngoai theo khi thai trong
qua trinh xa cua dng co kt qua la d giam duoc chi phi nhin liu khi vn hanh
dng co. Lam tng cng sut dnh muc cua dng co do do hiu qua kinh t khi
s dng dng co tng.
- Ngoai ra con mt s hng khac nhu:
GVHD: NGUYN HUYNH THI SVTH : NGUYN THANH TUYEN 24
Tiu Lun Tt Nghip H Thng Phn Phi Khi VVT - I
Mitsubishi co dng co MIVC ( Mitsubishi Innovative Valve timing lectronic
Control system ): h thng diu khin van bng h thng kim soat thoi gian
bng din t
Nissan co dng co VVL ( Variable Valve Lit and Timing): d mo van va thoi
gian
Porsche goi la VarioCam Plus: van bin thoi gian
GM goi la VVT,
Subaru cng khng chu km phn dt lun cai tn la Dual AVCS. Cp nht
2:30pm /8/2010)......Hin nay trn dng co t co nhiu ky hiu chu cai vit tt
nhu: HONDA goi la VTC hay i-VTC, VVT-i va VVTL-i cua Toyota..
Chung nhm quang ba cho cac cng ngh moi nht va tin tin cua hng nhung
bn canh do khin nguoi tiu dung khng th hiu ht duoc cac ki hiu phuc tap
do.
2.2 H thng phn phi kh VVT
2.2.1 Lch s hnh thnh h thng phn phi kh VVT
IAT la hng xe hoi trn th gioi phat minh ra h thng co th thay di thoi
dim phi khi bao gm su thay di v d nng van.
IAT la hng xe hoi trn th gioi phat minh ra h thng co th thay di thoi
dim phi khi bao gm su thay di v d nng van.
GVHD: NGUYN HUYNH THI SVTH : NGUYN THANH TUYEN 25
Tiu Lun Tt Nghip H Thng Phn Phi Khi VVT - I
Duoc phat trin boi Giovanni Toraa vao cui nhung nm 160, h
thng nay d s dng ap sut bng thuy luc d lam thay di dim tua cua cam
cho phu hop ( phat minh US 3.641.88 ).Ap sut thuy lu nay thay di tuy theo
tc d dng co va ap sut cua van nap. D mo cua van co th thay di toi 3.
GVHD: NGUYN HUYNH THI SVTH : NGUYN THANH TUYEN 26
Tiu Lun Tt Nghip H Thng Phn Phi Khi VVT - I
Hnh 2.7 !" #$u tha% &'i thi i(m #)a h*n+ ,-.T/ 0i1t2i3ution To2a44a
567789.
Hnh 2: . !;# lo<i #" #$u tha% 'i #' i(n.
Vao thang nm 15, hng General Motor phat minh ra h thng co y
dnh la thay di d nng van. GM d chu y dn hong cua van nap nhm giam bot
luong nhit thoat ra. Bng cach giam dn muc ti thiu luong nng van tai tai
trong thp ma vn giu duoc tc d nap cao, do do lam nho lai hong nap. GM d
khng giai quyt duoc vn d khi hoat dng o d nng rt thp nn du an d b
bo do. Hng Ala omeo la hng sn xut xe du tin d s dng h thng thay
di thoi dim d nng van trong san xut xe (phat minh US 4.231.330). Chic xe
Ala omeo Spider 2.0L nm 180 d s dng h thng VVT voi h thng phun
xng Spica va duoc ban o M. V sau no cng con duoc s dng trn model xe
Aletta 2.0 Quandrioglio Oro vao nm 183 cng nhu cac loai xe khac. Nissan
cng phat trin h thng VVT ring cua ho voidng co VG30D(TT) cho loai
xe Concept Mid-4 cua ho. Nissan d tptrung chinh vao vic san xut h thng
NVCS cua minh (Nissan Valve- Timing Control System) tai tc d momen xon
nho va trung binh, boi vi phn lon dng co khng hoat dng nhiu o tc d cao.
H thng NVCS nay co th dap ung duoc ca hai yu cu la tc d cm chung
GVHD: NGUYN HUYNH THI SVTH : NGUYN THANH TUYEN 2
Tiu Lun Tt Nghip H Thng Phn Phi Khi VVT - I
m du va hoat dng nhiu o tc d thp va trung binh. Mc du vy no vn hoat
dng tt duoc o tc d cao, nhung h thng vn tp trung chinh la pham vi tc
d thp va trung binh. Dng co VG30D la loai dng co du tin ap dng va
duoc lp rap trn model xe 300X(31)300 vao nm 18, dy la loai t
du tin s dng k thut diu khin VVT bng din t.
Hnh 2. : Co cu trn dng co Nissan Maxima.
Voi buoc tip theo la vao nm 18, Honda voi h thng VTC (Variable
Valve Timing And Lit lectronic Control). Honda bt du san xut h thng
nay nhm lam cho dng co co kha nng hoat dng trn cac ch d cua cam khac
nhau, bng cach diu chnh lai trong vic thit k. Mt ch d duoc thit k d
mo van tai tc d dng co thp, duoc quy dnh boi mt phuong phap co loi khi
cn su tiu hao nhin liu thp va phat ra cng sut nho. ch d nng cao, ch
d thoi gian hoat dng dai, va hoat dng sut khi tc d cao nhm gia tng cng
sut du ra. Vao nm 12 hng BM d gioi thiu h thng VANOS (Variable
Nockenellen Steuerung). No cng tuong tu nhu h th=n+ >?!@ #)a >i11anA
no co th cung cp su thay di v thoi gian cho trc cam nap theo tung buoc
hoc theo tung giai doan. H thng VANOS nay co su khac bit la no co th
cung cp thm mt buoc cho ca ba giai doan.
GVHD: NGUYN HUYNH THI SVTH : NGUYN THANH TUYEN 28
Tiu Lun Tt Nghip H Thng Phn Phi Khi VVT - I
Hnh 2.68 !" #$u #)a h*n+ BCD.
Sau do vao nm 18, h thng Double VANOS duoc gioi thiu, no co th
diu khin su tng muc d dt chay nhin liu mt cach to lon, tng cng sut,
mmen xon va dua ra muc d khng tai tt hon,tit kim nhin liu hon.
H thng Double VANOS nay la h thng du tin diu khin bng din t, diu
khin su hoat dng lin tc cua ca van nap va van xa
Hnh 2.66 !" #$u 0ou3le ?.>E@ #)a h*n+ BCD.
N
Nm 2001, hng BM gioi thiu h thng Valvetronic,dy la h thng duy nht
co th lam thay di d nng van nap mt cach lin tc, cng thm thoi gian cho
ca hai van nap va xa. H thng diu khin chinh xac d chu y nhiu hon dn
nhim v cua van nap d diu khin hoan toan van nap, chu y dn su cn thit
cua van tit luu va giam su tn tht lon cua bom.
GVHD: NGUYN HUYNH THI SVTH : NGUYN THANH TUYEN 2
Tiu Lun Tt Nghip H Thng Phn Phi Khi VVT - I
Khi tinh toan d giam duoc tn tht cua bom, co th tng cng sut du ra thm
10 va tit kim nhin liu.
Hng ord d tro thanh nha san xut du tin s dng h thng thay di thoi
dim phi khi trn xe tai pick-up, voi loai xe duoc ban chay la model -series
vao nm 2004. Dng co duoc s dng la dng co 5.4L 3 valve Triton.
Vao nm 2005 hng General Motor d dua ra h thng Variable Valve Timing
cho dng co I-head V6, gm co L va L4.
I
2.2.2. Cu to :
H thng phi khi VHS s dng nguyn ly diu khin din thu luc duoc
hng Daim Ben s dng trn cac xe th h moi cua hng nay . No cho php
thay di hanh trinh va pha phi khi cua xupap theo ch d tai cua dng co ,
GVHD: NGUYN HUYNH THI SVTH : NGUYN THANH TUYEN 80
Tiu Lun Tt Nghip H Thng Phn Phi Khi VVT - I
Uu dim ni bt cua h thng la chuyn dng cua xupap duoc thuc hin boi van
tu truong va ap sut theo mt chuong trinh duoc tinh toan sn va duoc diu
khin boi CU
CHONG III : CC H HONG , PHONG PHP KIEM TRA V SUA
CHUA CO CU PHAN PHI KHI
3.1 Hu ho ng cua co cu phi khi thung do 2 nguyn nhn : Xu pap
dong khng kin v Xu pap la m vic co ting go
Cac hu hong cua cac b phn thay di hanh trinh xupap:
GVHD: NGUYN HUYNH THI SVTH : NGUYN THANH TUYEN 81
Tiu Lun Tt Nghip H Thng Phn Phi Khi VVT - I
1. Xu pap dong khng kin:
Trong khi lam vic xu pap dong khng kin va bi ro hoi la do ra xu pap khng
tt, khe ho xu pap qua nho, lo xo xu pap qua yu hoc bi gay v.v. Nu khe ho
xu pap qua nho thi co cu phi khi lam vic chiu nhit d cao bi gian no, du
don ganh se lun d i vao thn xu pap lam cho xu pap dong khng kin va bi ro
hoi.
2. Xu pap lam vic co ting go :
Khe ho xu pap qua lon: khi chay voi tc d thp thi o np dy xu pap co ting
ku lach tach ro rang, lin tuc.
Nu lo xo bi gay thi khi lam vic se phat ra ting go nhe.
Truong hop khe ho giua thn xu pap va ng dn qua lon ta co th nghe thy
ting go nhe voi m diu trung binh.
Con di bi ket trong ng dn lam cho xu pap di xung khng duoc linh hoat,
khi roi xung se va dp vao truc cam khi may chay voi tc d thp hoc trung
binh se phat ra ting go yu nhung rt ro.
3.2 Cc hu hng cua cc b phn tay di hnh trnh xupap
GVHD: NGUYN HUYNH THI SVTH : NGUYN THANH TUYEN 82
Tiu Lun Tt Nghip H Thng Phn Phi Khi VVT - I
Lo xo hi v : lo xo yu anh huong dn su lam vic ca dng co khi o tc d
cao , xupap phai dng m nhanh d bi gy hoc yu lo xo .m khng du luc hi
v la v tri ban du .
Nguyn nhn : do lam vic trong diu kin tc d cao , lam vic o thoi giang dai
dn ra hu hong trn.
Trc cam : Trc cam nut ngm, b cng , gy do lam vic lau dai trong diu
kin nhit d cao , khng dam bao dung dinh ky , du bi tron bn lam nght
hoac la khng duoc bi tron du trong qua trinh lam vic.
Cc truot: coc truoc co th b cac vt cao, xuoc trong mt hot la ngoai coc
truoc . do d va van b co cac vt cao xuoc , co vt mm cua kim loai lo so b
giam d dang hi .
Nguyn nhn: do trong luc lam vic o nhit d cao , lam vic lin tc pittng
chuyn dng len xung nhiu ln lam mon va ma xac voi than coc truot lam cac
mac kim loai b vng ra hoa voi du lam cho su boi tron khng duoc tt mam
chuyn dng ln xung theo thng lo xo va b lam coc truot mau mon cao xuoc
lo xo yu hon, van b cao xuoc
Co m: it khi b hu hong nhung co th b gi do lam vic lu dai trong diu
kin nht d cao, chiu suc nn lon
Cht ham : do chuyn dng trong co m nn xy ra hin tuong ma sac lam
mon chi tit gy ra sai goc lch phun som
Cac cam bin : ngoai ra cac hu hng cua cng tt ap xut du va cac cam bin
va van diu khin du nhu b tt , duong dy ni tu CU, b li.. gy nn hoat
dng km cua h thng vi ap sut du khng du diu khin chuyn trc cam hot
la vu cam sang ch d khac hot gy nn diu kin sai hanh trinh dng mo cua
suppap
Cam bin v tri buom ga: duoc lp trn c hong gio cam bin ny bin di goc
mo buom ga thanh din ap, duoc truyn dn CU dng co nhu tinh hiu mo
buom ga ( VTA). Ngoai ra mt s thit b truyn mt tinh hiu IDL ring bit .
cac b phn khac xac dnh no luc tai thoi dim chay khng taikhi din ap VTA
nay duoi gia tr chun.
Cam bin v tri trc khuu ( b tao tin hiu toi N) : tin hiu N duoc CU
dng co s dng d phat hin goc cua trc khuu va tc d cua dng co. CU
cua dng co dung tin hiu N d tin toan thoi gian phun co ban va goc danh la
som co ban . Di voi tin hiu N duoc tao ra boi khe khng khi gia cam bin
trc khuu va cac rng trn chu vicua roto tin hiu N duoc lp trn trc khuu.
Cam bin nhit d nuoc lam mat va cam bin nhit d khi nap : cam bin nhit
d nuoc lam mat duoc gn cac nhit din tro bn trong , nhit tro cang thp , tr
s din tro cang cao , nguoc lai nhit d cang cao, tr s din tro cang thp . va
su thay di v gia tr din tro ca nhit din tro nay duoc s dng d cac thay
di nhit d nuoc lam mat va khng khi nap .
Cam bin luu luong khi nap : la mt trong nhung cam bin quan trong nht
no duoc s dng trong I kiu L d phat hin khi luong hoc th tich khng
khi nap . tin hiu ca khi luong hoc khng khi nap duoc dung d tinh hthoi
GVHD: NGUYN HUYNH THI SVTH : NGUYN THANH TUYEN 83
Tiu Lun Tt Nghip H Thng Phn Phi Khi VVT - I
luong khi nap chu yu duoc chia thanh hai loai Kiu canh va kiu gian phun co
ban va goc danh la som co ban .Cam bin gia xoay quan hoc Karman .
Hin nay hu ht cac loai xe sa dng cam bin luu luong khi nap kiu dy va
no do chinh xat hon , trong luong nh hon va d bn cao hon.
Cam bin tc d : cam bin tc d duoc gn o hp s va duoc dn dng o
banh rng chu dng ca cng to mt .Cam bin tc d bao gm mt mach tich
hop hoat dng nho tu tro va cam bin HALL gn bn trong mt nam chm bn
cuc. Khi xe bt du hoat dng thi cac vung nan chm bt du quay , cam bin
tc d s phat ra cca tin hiu xung . Co hai kiu mach ra :
kiu din ap phat ra .
Kiu din tro thay di .
3.3 Phuong php kim tra hu hng v co cu phn phi kh .
Lo xo hi v :
Dung dng c d do p voi luc , n lo xo lai .Di chiu khoang dch chuyn
dn khi lo xo nn lai voi luc p trn, so voi khoang cach ti chun . Nu lon hon
lo xo yu phai thay .
Kim tra do vung gc cu lo xo: Dung e ke thp d kim tra .Dt thuoc trn
mt tm phng .dung dung lo xo trn mt du cua no trn tm phng va dch
chuy lo xo ln trn theo thuoc . Xoay lo xo va chu y khoang cach giua vong
dy lo xo trn cung voi thuoc . Nu d vung goc vuot qua cho php .Phai thay
moi .
Cc truoc ( con di) :
Kim tra mt trong , mt ngoai than cc truot , cac vt cao xuoc nhin bng mt
thuong . Dung kinh luc d phat hin cca khuyt tt cua pitng tay pittng nu
mt ngoai cua no b cao xuoc co cam nhn bng ngon tay .
Kim tra muc ro r du trn b ga chuyn dung , con di nhung ngp trong binh
chua dy du trn b ga , dung bom co tay bom .Khng khi b dn ht ra khi
con di.M uc lot du ch trn dng h ( thoi gian giua cac dim trn dng h )
trong khoang 12 dn 40s d dam bao su lam vic cua con di.
Trc cam :
Dt trc cam ln khi V.
S dng dng h so k d d dao tai co trc giua.
Xay trc cam mt vong , d x dch ca kim dng h so k biu th d cong cua
trc.
D cng lon nht 0.06 mm nu co d cong lon hon gia tr lon nht thay trc
cam hoc nn lai trc cam .
Kim tra d xon : Trong qua trinh lam vic trc cam co th b xon , khi b
xon thi phai thay moi trc cam.
Kim tra khe hoi doc trc : Tr s khe hoi trc cam rt b no dam bao cho trc
cam chuyn dng trong qua trinh lam vic
Bt trc cam vao than may xic cht tn chn o du trc cam .ruong hop trc
cam lp trn np may thi phai xic cht cac o d .
Dy trc cam ht v mt phia.
Dt so k tuy vao trc cam.
GVHD: NGUYN HUYNH THI SVTH : NGUYN THANH TUYEN 84
Tiu Lun Tt Nghip H Thng Phn Phi Khi VVT - I
Ko trc cam nguoc lai d x dch cua kim dng h so k chinh la tr s khe ho.
Khe hoi tiu chun : 0.08 dn 0.1 mm
Khe hoi lon nht : 0.3 mm.
Nu jhe hoi lon hon gia tr lon nht thay trc cam . Nu cn thit thay np o trc
va np quy lat .
Kim tra chiu cao cua vu cam : Nu nhu vu cam b mon thi luong khi nap
vao xi lanh s khng dy va khi chay s khng duoc thay sach .
Phuong phap kim tra :
Dung panme do chiu cao cua cac vu cam sau do so sanh tr s cua nha ch tao
Chiu cao vu cam tiu chun :
Cam nap tu : 35.21 - 35.31 mm .
Cam xa tu : 34.1- 35.013 mm.
Nu chiu cao vu cam nho hon 34,51 mm thi thay th trc cam.
Cac cam bin .
3.4 Kim tra cam bin .
Cam bin trc khuu :
Kim tra khe hoi khng khi , dung thuoc la d khe hoi giua r to tin hiu va vu
li trn cun dy tin hiu .
Khe ho khng khi : 0.2 - 0.4 mm . Nu khe ho nay khng dung thi thay b chia
din .
Kim tra din tro cun dy tin hiu , dung m k do din tro giua cuc N va
N ,din tro cun dy tin hiu :140 180 . nu din tro khng dung tiu chun ,
thay cun dy can bin .
Cam bin buom ga :
Buoc 1 : ngt gic cm cua cam bin .
Buoc 2: Dt thuoc la vao giua vit chn buom ga va cn han ch .
Buoc 3 : Dung m k d din tro giua cac cuc .
Diu chnh cam bin buom ga :
Buoc 1: noi long 2 dai c cam bin .
Buoc 2: Dt thuoc la vao giua vit chn buom ga va cn han ch buom ga .
Buoc 3: Ni du do cua m k vao cuc IDL va E cua cam bin buom ga .
Buoc 4: xoay tu tu cam bin buom ga theo chiu kim dng h cho dn khi kim
cua m k bt du dch chuyn va giua cht buom ga bng vit.
Buoc 5: Kim tra tinh thong mach giua IDL va 2 .
Cach sa chua hu hong cua co cu phn phi khi :
Lo xo hi v : Duoc thay th bng cach lay mong hm ra va ly da lo xo ra ,
khi p lo xo xung ri ly lo xo xupap ra , cach lp thi nguoc lai .
Trc cam : nu trc cam cong qua 0.05 mm duoc nn lai cho thng .Dt trc
cam ln hai khi V o c trc chinh du va dui giua trc co dng h so d kim
tra d bin dang . Thit b p dung kich thuy luc bng tay voi ap k chnh thuy
luc nn .Khi nn phai p trc cong theo huong nguoc lai voi chiu cng ban
du mt luong bin dang du moi lam cho trc thng lai , dng thoi khng gy
cng theo chiu moi va khng lam gy trc .
GVHD: NGUYN HUYNH THI SVTH : NGUYN THANH TUYEN 85
Tiu Lun Tt Nghip H Thng Phn Phi Khi VVT - I
Trc cam bng thp hop kim , luong bin dang khi nn co th gp 10- ln d
cng moi dat hiu qua nn chia nhiu ln p d trc tu tu thng , o ln p cui
cung duy truy luc p trong nhiu gio nhm tao ra ung sut du , kh ht ung sut
bin dang ban du .
Cc truot ( con di ) : khi con di b hu hong nn thay moi .
Co m : Co mo b gy nn thay moi .
Cht hm : khi b may mon sut me thi nn thay moi.
Cam bin : khi b hng hay li thay moi .
GVHD: NGUYN HUYNH THI SVTH : NGUYN THANH TUYEN 86
Tiu Lun Tt Nghip H Thng Phn Phi Khi VVT - I
KT LUN
Qua qua trinh nghin cuu va tim hiu d tai ` H THNG PHN PHI KHI
THNG MINH`` co th rut ra mt s kt lun sau:
Qua tim hiu thi h thng phn phi khi duoc trang b trn t rt phong phu
va da dang tuy theo hng xe khac nhau ma cac h thng phn phi khi duoc
trang b cung khac nhau.
Tt ca cac co cu do diu huong dn mt dich tit kim nhin liu , dng co
chay dat cng xut cao hon.
Mc du cng co su tham gia cua diu khin bng din nhung chua hoan toan ,
vn con nhiu phn diu khin bng co khi . Cac co cu do diu ly mt di mt
phn nao do cng xut cua dng co .
Dap ung duoc nhu cu v phn phi khi co hiu qua nhung no tiu hao cng
sut cua dng co qua nhiu , co cu qua nhiu chi tit , gia thanh mt thi co cu
do cng kho chp nhn .
GVHD: NGUYN HUYNH THI SVTH : NGUYN THANH TUYEN 8
Tiu Lun Tt Nghip H Thng Phn Phi Khi VVT - I
Voi su phat trin manh m cua khoa hoc k thut , em mong rng nghanh
cng ngh t s cho ra nhiu co cu tt hon , hiu qua hon , dt bit la v
nhin liu thay th nhin liu hoa thach ngay cang can kit .
T
TI LIU THAM KHO
Ti4u #u5n tt nghip : 67 T689 :6; :68< =6> T6?9 @<6 VVT/<
TAB ? T? : CV : 9DEF VG T6H@.
T(*ng IJp:
IIIKoto/hui.co+
III.thu,iJnoto.co+
III.L*igi*ng.co+
III.oto332.co+
MMMMMM..
GVHD: NGUYN HUYNH THI SVTH : NGUYN THANH TUYEN 88
Tiu Lun Tt Nghip H Thng Phn Phi Khi VVT - I
GVHD: NGUYN HUYNH THI SVTH : NGUYN THANH TUYEN 8