YPRIMAR CHAPTER 10: ADVERTISING AND PUBLIC RELATIONS THE NATURE AND TYPE OF ADVERTISING Advertising paid nonpersonal

al communication about an organization and its products transmitted to a target audience through mass media Two classifications of advertising: 1. Institutional advertising advertising that promotes organizational images, ideas, and political issues Advocacy advertising advertising that promotes a companys position on a public issue 2. Product advertising advertising that promotes the uses, features, and benefits of products Two types of product advertising: Pioneer advertising advertising that tries to stimulate demand for a product category rather than a specific brand by informing potential buyers about the product Competitive advertising tries to stimulate demand for a specific brand by promoting its features, uses, and advantages relative to competing brands Forms of competitive advertising: Comparative advertising compares the sponsored brand with one or more identified brands on the basis of one or more product characteristics Reminder advertising advertising used to remind consumers about an established brands uses, characteristics, and benefits Reinforcement advertising advertising that assures users they chose the right brand and tells them how to get the most satisfaction from it Three general types of media schedule: 1. Continuous schedule advertising runs at a constant level with little variation throughout the campaign period 2. Flighting schedule advertisements run for set periods of time, alternating with periods in which no ads run 3. Pulsing schedule combines continuous and flighting schedules: during the entire campaign, a certain portion of advertising runs continuously, and during specific time periods of the campaign, additional advertising is used to intensify the level of communication with the target audience 6. Create advertising message Regional issues versions of a magazine that differ across geographic regions Copy the verbal portion of advertisements Storyboard a blueprint that combines copy and visual material to show the sequence of major scenes in a commercial Artwork an advertisements illustrations and layout Illustrations photos, drawings, graphs, charts, and tables used to spark audience interest in an advertisement Layout the physical arrangement of an advertisements illustration and copy 7. Execute campaign 8. Evaluate advertising effectiveness Pretest evaluation of advertisements performed before a campaign begins Consumer jury a panel of products existing or potential buyers who pretest ads Posttest evaluation of advertising effectiveness after the campaign Recognition test a posttest in which respondents are shown the actual ad and are asked if they recognize it Unaided recall test a posttest in which respondents are asked to identify advertisements they have seen recently but are not given any recall clues Aided recall test a posttest that asks respondents to identify recent ads and provides clues to jog their memories Single-source data a sophisticated technique used to evaluate advertisements by tracking individuals behaviors from television sets to checkout counters

DEVELOPING AN ADVERTISING CAMPAIGN Advertising campaign the creation and execution of a series of advertisements to communicate with a particular target audience Eight major steps in creating an advertising campaign: 1. Identify and analyze target audience Target audience the group of people at whom advertisements are aimed 2. Define advertising objectives 3. Creating advertising platform Advertising platform basic issues or selling points to be included in an advertising campaign 4. Determine advertising appropriation PUBLIC RELATIONS Advertising appropriation the advertising budget for a specific Public relations communication efforts used to create and maintain time period favorable relations between an organization and its stakeholders Objective-and-task approach budgeting for an advertising Publicity a new story type of communication about an organization campaign by first determining its objectives and then calculating and/or its products transmitted through a mass medium at no charge the cost of all the tasks needed to attain them Publicity-based public relations tools: Percent-of-sales approach budgeting for an advertising campaign by multiplying the firms past and expected sales by a News release or press release a short piece of copy publicizing an standard percentage event or a product Competition-matching approach determining an advertising Feature article a manuscript of up to 3,000 words prepared for a budget by trying to match competitors advertising outlays specific publication Arbitrary approach budgeting for an advertising campaign as Captioned photograph a photograph with a brief description of its specified by a high-level executive in the firm contents 5. Develop media plan Press conference a meeting used to announce major news events Media plan a plan that specifies the media vehicles to be used and the schedule for running advertisements EVALUATING PUBLIC RELATIONS EFFECTIVENESS Reach refers to the percentage of consumers in the target Environmental monitoring identifies changes in public opinion affecting audience actually exposed to a particular advertisement in a an organization stated period Public relations audit is used to assess an organizations image among Frequency is the number of times these targeted consumers the public or to evaluate the effect of a specific public relations program are exposed to the advertisement Communications audit may include a content analysis of messages, a Cost comparison indicator a means of comparing the costs of readability study, or a readership survey advertising vehicles in a specific medium in relation to the number Social audit measures the extent to which stakeholders view the of people reached organization as being socially responsible Cost per thousand impression (CPM) is the cost comparison indicator for magazines that shows the cost of exposing 1,000 people to a one-page advertisement Source: Marketing, 2013 ed. (Ferrell, Hult, & Pride) v3.0 Prepared by: Acidera, Jaypaul O.