Giving the right vaccine safely

Immunization schedule for infants recommended by the Expanded Program on immunization

Vaccine Birth 6 wks x x x x x x x x Age 10 wks x x 14 wks x x x x x x** 9 mo

BCG
OPV DTP Hep B: (A) Hep B: (B) Hib Yellow Fever

x
x*

Measles
X* : in polio-endemic countries x**: in countries where yellow fever poses a risk (A): in countries where perinatal transmission of virus hepatitis B is frequent (B): in countries where perinatal transmission of virus hepatitis B is less frequent

TOPICS
1. COMPLETING THE PATIENT REGISTER

2. ASSESSING THE CLIENT

3. INFORMING CLIENTS 4. PREPARING VACCINES 5. GIVING IMMUNIZATIONS 6. DISPOSING OF USED SYRINGES AND

NEEDLES 7. CLOSING REMARKS

1. COMPLETING THE PATIENT REGISTER

2. ASSESSING THE CLIENT

3. INFORMING CLIENTS

4. PREPARING VACCINES

1. Reconstituing vaccine
Vaccine that require reconstitution
Vaccine
BCG Measles

Powder
Freeze- dried Freeze- dried

Diluent
vial Liquid provided with vaccine vial Liquid provided with vaccine

MMR
YF JE Hib DTP-HepB+Hib

Freeze- dried
Freeze- dried Freeze- dried Freeze- dried Freeze- dried Hib

vial Liquid provided with vaccine

vial Liquid provided with vaccine vial Liquid provided with vaccine vial Liquid provided with vaccine vial Liquid DTP-HepB vaccine

2. Reconstituting BCG, measles, MMR, MR, YF, JE, and Hib vaccines
Wash your hands 2. Inspect the vaccine vial or ampoule (VVM, Exp date) 3. Flick the vial or ampoule
1.
Flicking a vaccine ampoule

4.

Open the vaccine vial or ampoule

5. Inspect the diluents ampoule or vial 6. Read the label on the diluents ampoule or vial

Lift the center of the metal cap

Ampoules and metal file

7. Open the glass ampoule

Scratching the neck of the ampoule

Breaking off the neck of an ampoule

8. Draw diluents into a mixing syringe

9.

Reconstitute the vaccine

10. Handling reconstituted vaccines

Injection equipment
Parts of a syringe and needle

Handling syringes and needles safely

Do not touch: the shaft of the needle the bevel of the needle the adaptor of the needle the adaptor of the syringe the plunger seal of the syringe the plunger shaft of the syringe You may touch: the barrel; the plunger top. .

4. Administering vaccine for infants

Name of BCG vaccine Where given Outer upper right/ left arm or shoulder Intradermal injection 0,05 ml 10mm, 26 gauge Powder + diluents DTP or DTPHepB, HepB Outer mid-thigh in infants/ outer upper arm if older Intramuscular injection 0.5 ml Measles/ yellow fever OPV

Outer midOral thigh/upper arm depending on the age Subcutaneous injection 0.5 ml Oral dropper 2 drops

How given Dose Needle size Type

25mm, 23 gauge 25mm, 23 gauge Ready to use Powder + diluents Vial with oral dropper

Different needle positions

INTRADERMAL

INTRAMUSCULAR

SUBCUTANEOUS

BCG vaccine

OPV

DTP or DTP-HepB or HepB, Hib vaccine

HepB vaccine

Measles vaccine, yellow fever, JE

5. DISPOSING OF USED SYRINGES AND NEEDLES

6. CLOSING REMARKS

Student will practice

DURING A SESSION Registering the clients Assessing the client Preparing vaccines Giving immunizations - practise positioning a client (A doll ) - administering each vaccine (boiled potatoes to practice intradermal injections;
oranges for other injections)

AFTER A SESSION