Description

They were discovered in 1991 by the Japanese electron microscopist Simio Iijima who was studying the material deposited on the cathode during the arc-evaporation synthesis of fullerenes. Carbon nanotubes are fullerene-related structures which consist of graphene[1] cylinders closed at either end with caps containing pentagonal rings. Examples of Nanotubes are Single-layer nanotubes and nanotube "ropes" and nanohorns. Carbon nanotubes, therefore, are rolled-up sheets of graphite - i.e. the same material that is used in pencils. A sheet of graphite is composed of carbon atoms arranged in a flat hexagonal pattern similar to chicken wire mesh.