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VISUAL PRINCIPLES

Roles of Visual in Instruction

1) Provides concrete referent for ideas - iconic i.e. more easily to be remembered as compared to words

This visual image of an apple is the referent of the word apple

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Roles of Visual in Instruction

2) Motivate learners - by attracting learners attention and generating emotional responses

Roles of Visual in Instruction

3) Simplify information that is difficult to understand

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SERIES OF DESIGN DECISION

Visual Design Element

Visual Design Pattern

Visual Design Arrangement

Visual Element Realistic

Verbal Element Letter style Number of style Capitals Colour Size Spacing

Add Appeals Surprise Texture Interaction Alignment Shape

Proximity Directionals Figure-ground contrast Consistency Balance Style Colour scheme Colour appeal

Analogic

Organization

Roles of Visual in Instruction

4) Provide redundant channel - comprehend spoken and written information

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Process of Visual Design

1)! Elements selecting the verbal/visual elements to be incorporated into display 2)! Pattern choosing an underlying pattern for the elements of the display 3)! Arrangement arranging the individual element within the underlying pattern

PROCESS OF VISUAL DESIGN

Visual Design Element

Visual Design Pattern

Visual Design Arrangement

Visual Element Realistic

Verbal Element Letter style Number of style Capitals Colour Size Spacing

Add Appeals Surprise Texture Interaction Alignment Shape

Proximity Directionals Figure-ground contrast Consistency Balance Style Colour scheme Colour appeal

Analogic

Organization

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Process of Visual Design : Elements

1) Visual elements i) Realistic ii) Analogic iii) Organizational

Elements : Visual Elements

1) Realistic ! Show the actual object under study

ABSTRACT

REALISTIC

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Elements : Visual Elements

1) Realistic visuals ! The more realistic a visual is, the closer it is to the original

Elements : Visual Elements

2) Analogic visuals ! Convey topic by showing something else and implying a similarity ! E.g. the function of human memory with the function of computer memory

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Elements : Visual Elements

3) Organizational visuals ! Such as flowcharts, graphs, maps, classification charts

Elements : Verbal Elements

1) Letter style ! It should be consistent and harmonize with the other visual elements ! Straightforward and plain style

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Elements : Verbal Elements

2) Number of lettering styles ! Not more than 2 different type styles ! Limit variations (bold, italic, underline, size changes) to four

Elements : Verbal Elements

3) Capitals ! Use lowercase letters ! Adding capitals when it is necessary ! Headlines can be in capitals but not more than 3 words

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Elements : Verbal Elements

4) Colour of lettering ! The lettering colour should contrast with the background colour ! Think about your audience..

Elements : Verbal Elements

5) Size of lettering ! Rule of thumb: make lower case letters ! inch high for each 10 feet of viewer distance

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Elements : Verbal Elements

6) Spacing between letters ! Consider optical spacing ! Estimating approximately equal amounts of with space between letters

LABWORK

Elements : Verbal Elements

7) Spacing between lines ! Letters should be not too cramped or too widely separate ! Text is most legible when separation is 11/2 times average letter height

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Elements : Elements that add appeals

1) Surprise ! Think unusual metaphor, a dramatic change of size 2) Texture ! Use 3 dimensional visuals (if possible) ! It can convey clearer idea

Elements : Elements that add appeals

3) Interaction ! R of the ASSURE MODEL ! Ask learners to respond visual displays by manipulating materials on the display

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Process of Visual Design : Pattern

1)! 2)! 3)! 4)! 5)! 6)! Alignment Shape Balance Style Colour scheme Colour appeal

Process of Visual Design : Pattern

1) Alignment ! Balance alignment ! Same imaginary horizontal and vertical line ! Viewer expend little effort making sense out of what they are seeing

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Process of Visual Design : Pattern

2) Shape ! Put and arrange visual into shape that familiar to learner ! Simple geometric figure circle, rectangle ! Consider of the Rule Of Thirds

Rule of Thirds

! Place

your important elements where these lines intersect ! Good places to put things; third of the way up, third of the way in from the left ! Duff places to put things; right in the middle, right at the top, right at the bottom, away in the corner

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Process of Visual Design : Pattern

3) Balance ! The weight of the elements in a display is equally distributed either horizontally or vertically

Process of Visual Design : Pattern

4) Style ! Simple, uncluttered ! Primary colour for children ! Realistic colour for adult

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Process of Visual Design : Pattern

5) Colour scheme ! Consider the harmoniousness of the colour color wheel 6) Colour appeal ! ! ! ! Consider warm and cool colour Warm colour active learner, children Cool colour thoughtful learner, adult Consider cultural basis

The Colour Wheel

Complimentary colours: any two colours that lie directly opposite each other

Analogous colours: colours that lie next to each other

Complimentary and Analogous colours may form pleasing combinations when used together in a display

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! Use cool colour for background ! Highlight important cues in warm colour such as red and orange

Process of Visual Design : Arrangement

1) Proximity ! Element that close to each other are related and vice versa 2) Directionals ! Can be used to direct attention ! Eye movement pattern ! E.g. arrow, bold, bullet

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Process of Visual Design : Arrangement

3) Figure-ground contrast ! Wording should contrast to the background 4) Consistency ! Consistent in the arrangement of the elements ! Place similar element in similar location ! Use same text for headlines

End of the Lesson 8

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