Tamil Etymological Evolution of Indo Aryan Numbers

Roman numerals are a numeral system of ancient Rome based on letters of the alphabet,which are combined to signify the sum of their values. The first ten Roman numerals are:\mathrm{I,\;II,\;III,\;IV,\;V,\;VI,\;VII,\;VIII,\;IX,\;X}Symbols are iterated to produce multiples of the decimal (1, 10, 100, 1000) values, with V,L, D substituted for a multiple of five, and the iteration continuing: I "1", II "2", III "3", V"5", VI "6", VII "7", etc., and the same for other bases: X "10", XX "20", XXX "30", L "50",LXXX "80"; CC "200", DCC "700", etc. At the fourth iteration, a subtractive principle may beemployed, with the base placed before the higher base: IIII or IV "4", VIIII or IX "9", XXXXor XL "40", LXXXX or XC "90", CCCC or CD "400", DCCCC or CM "900".The basic multiples of Roman numerals thus follow a pattern:×1 ×2 ×3 ×4 ×5 ×6 ×7 ×8 ×9Ones I II III IV V VI VII VIII IXTens X XX XXX XL L LX LXX LXXX XCHundreds C CC CCC CD D DC DCC DCCC CMThousands M MM MMM IV V VI VII VIII IXTen thousands X XX XXX XL L LX LXX LXXX XCHundred thousands C CC CCC CD D DC DCC DCCC CM

Etymology of ONE-Root meaning Combination

1.

ஒற

¹-

த

o

ṉṟ

i-, 11 v. intr. <

ஒ

-. To unite, combine;

பத

.

ஒற

வழவ

(W.)

ஒற

² o

ṉṟ

i , n. <

ஒ

. [T. o

ṇḍ

u, K. o

ṇṭ

i.] 1. Solitariness; singleness;loneliness;

தனம

.

ஒற

¹-

த

o

ṉṟ

i-->

ஒ

² o

ṉṟ

u, n. [T. o

ṇḍ

u, K. ondu, M. onnu, Tu. onji.] 1. The numberone;

க

எ



எ

. (

த

.

தச

. 7.) 2. A person of consequence, a person worthy of regard;

மத

ரய

ப

.

ஒதர

யறக

வயர

(

ற

, 155). 3. Attainingsalvation;

ப

. (

தவ

.) 4. Union;

ஒம

.

வத

வத

னத

ய

மறநறவயசய

(

பரத

.

ப

. 7). 5. Truth;

வம

.

ஒர

(

கபர

.

கள

. 24). 6.Semen;

இதரய

.

இரடடக

ஒ

பலகல

வட

(

தவங

.

சத

. 74). 7.Euphemism for urination;

சந

.

ஒ

பவ

. Colloq. 8. (Gram.) Singular number of the impersonal class;

அஃறண

யம

ப

. (

ந

. 263.) 9. That which is imcomparable;

ஒபற

. -- conj. Or; else;

வகப

பளக

இடச

.

ஒ

தவனய



,

ஒ

அதபயன

க

.

ஒ

² o

ṉṟ

u-> Eng.one O.E. an, O.N. einn, Dan. een, O.Fris. an, Du. een, Ger. ein, Goth.ains, Gk. oinos "ace (on dice)," L. unus "one," O.C.S. -inu, ino-, Lith. vienas, O.Ir. oin,Breton un "one").2.

ஏ

² ē , n. 1. Increase, abundance;

ப

க

.

ஏபற

(

த

.

ச

. 305). 2. Pile, row,tier, series;

அ

. (

த

.

ச

. 305,

உர

.) 3. Looking upward;

மனக

.

கநனதத

மயழ

(

சவக

. 87). 4. Pride, self-conceit, arrogance;

இம

.

ஏகத

நண

(

பரப

. 7, 55). 5. Letter of the 4th note of the gamut usu. denoted by

ம

;

உழயச

ய

அகர

. (

தவ

.)

ஏ

² ē->

ஏக

¹ ēkam, n. 1. (Arith.) Unit;

ஒ

. (

தவ

.) 2. That which is unique;

ஒபற

.

ஏகமநக

த

நரதவ

. (

சவக

. 2398). 3. Solitariness, singleness;

தனம

. (

தவ

.) 4. Finalliberation;



. (

ட

.) 5. Total, whole;

மத

. (W.) 6. Identity, unity;

அபத

.

வரகணஙக

ககமனபல

(

வத

.



. 127). 7. Army consisting of eight akkurō

ṇ

is;

அரண

எகட

சன

. (

பங

.) 8. Abundance;

மத

.

சம

ஏகமவகடகற

.

ஏக

¹ ēkamSkt. ēka, O.Pers. aivam, Gk.ace (on dice)

Etymology of Two-Root Meaning Destruction, Division, Seperation, Go away like"<"

இர

¹-

த

iri-, 4 v. intr. 1. To be destroyed, ruined;

கத

.

மறரயசற

(



.

வ

. 2, 9).2. Toretreat; to flee away, as a defeated army; to scamper away through fear;

ஓத

.

னலக

ளர

(

நல

. 212). 3. To fall away, as a garment; to drop; to recede;

வல

த

.

உதரயஙக

மரய

வவ

(

கபர

.

ஊத

. 51). 4. To drop, as perspiration; toebb, as the tide;

வத

. 5. To fear, dread;

அத

. (

தவ

.)

இர

¹-

த

iri->

இர

ira

ṇṭ

u, n. [T. re

ṇḍ

u, K. ira

ḍ

u, M. ra

ṇḍ

u, Tu. ra

ḍḍ

u.] 1. Two; 2

எஎ

. 2. A few;

சல

.

இரநள

றம

யரங

க

வட

(

சவக

. 270). 3. The letter

உ

;

உகர

வ

.

என

ர

மறயனய

(

த

வச

. 5, 49). 4. Excrement and urine;

மலசல

.

இரடடக

(

தவங

.

சத

. 74).

ம

³ tumi, n. <

ம

²-. Cut, severance;

வ

.

கரம

பதங

கவ

(

கத

.

அசக

ச

.2).

ம

³ tumi ->

வ

tuvi-> adj. Two, double, used in compounds;

இர

.

வசகரவ

,

வ

² tuvam, n.Two;

இர

. (

தலவ

.

தல

.)

வ

² tuvam->Eng. O.E. twa, O.S., O.Fris. twene, twa, O.N. tveir, tvau, Du. twee, O.H.G.zwene, zwo, Ger. zwei, Goth. twai, Skt. dvau, Avestan dva, Gk. duo, L. duo, O.Welsh dou,Lith. dvi, O.C.S. duva, first element in Hittite ta-ugash "two years old"

Etymology of Three-Root Meaning Twisting like www.palumbosculpture.com/images/twisting-pine.



¹-

த

mu

ṟ

uku-, 5 v. [M. muruk- ku.] intr. 1. To wriggle,twist;

தத

. (

பங

.) 2. To accelerate; tohasten;

வரத

.

கய

வசயறக

(

சவக

. 796). 3. To ripen, mature;

தத

.

கன

க

வடன

(

ள

.

சய

. 7). 4. Toincrease;

மத

.

வகய

க



தர

(

சவக

. 1183). 5. To become vehement orintense;

கமயத

.

வய

க

(

நல

,171). 6. To be scorched or charred, as infrying;

கதபத

. Colloq. 7. To behaughty or insolent; to bluster;

சத

.

வரயக



கன

(

தவ

. 289,10).--tr. To violate or infringe, as a right;

மத

. (

பங

.)



¹-

த

mu

ṟ

uku->



-> mu

ṟ

u->



mū

ṉṟ

u, n. [Telugu. mūdu, Kannada. mū

ḍ

ru,Malayalam. mūnnu, Tulu. muji.] Three;

இர

ம

அள

எ

.

சவர

மரப

தலயட

(

த

.

எ

. 1).

தர

³ tiri, n. <

தர

²-. [T. K. M. tiri.] 1. Twisting; turning;

க

.

தரர

நரப

(

பன

.254). 2. Roll or twist of cloth or thread for a wick;

வள

தர

.

நம

ர

ய

நதரகளஇ

(

ல

. 48). 3. Torch of twisted cloth;

தபத

.

தரயதகற

. Loc. 4.Match;

வழய

தர

. (W.) 5. Candle;

மவத

. (W.) 6. Lint;



க

தர

. 7.Garlic. See

வள

. (

தலவ

.

தல

. 91.)

தர

³ tiri->

தர

; tiri, n. Three, used in compounds;



.

தரவதகரணத

(

கவ

.

ச

. 80).

தர

; tiri-> Eng. three O.E. þreo, fem. and neut. (masc. þri, þrie), O.Fris. thre, M.Du., Du.drie, O.H.G. dri, Ger. drei, O.N. þrir, Dan. tre), Skt. trayas, Avestan thri, Gk. treis, L. tres,Lith. trys, O.C.S. trye, Ir., Welsh tri "three

Etymology of Four-Root Meaning Wasting/Reduction as evidenced and preservedin Roman "IV" (One Reduced from Five)

ந

¹-

த

nali-, 4 v. [T. nali.] intr. 1. To waste, pine away;

மத

. 2. To perish;

அழத

.

நணவர

நயவ

(