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U
.
S
.
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICEWASHINGTON
:
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing OfficeInternet: bookstore.gpo.govPhone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800Fax: (202) 512–2104Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001
1
COMMITTEE PRINT
 " !
111
TH
C
ONGRESS
 
1st Session
S. P
RT
.
2009
 
 AFGHANISTAN’S NARCO WAR:BREAKING THE LINK BETWEENDRUG TRAFFICKERS AND INSURGENTS
 A REPORT
TO THE
COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONSUNITED STATES SENATE
O
NE
H
UNDRED
E
LEVENTH
C
ONGRESS
 
F
IRST
S
ESSION
 
 A
UGUST
10, 2009
Printed for the use of the Committee on Foreign Relations Available via World Wide Web:http://www.gpoaccess.gov/congress/index.html
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      s      e      n      e      a      g        l      e
 
COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS
JOHN F. KERRY, Massachusetts,
Chairman
CHRISTOPHER J. DODD, ConnecticutRUSSELL D. FEINGOLD, WisconsinBARBARA BOXER, CaliforniaROBERT MENENDEZ, New JerseyBENJAMIN L. CARDIN, MarylandROBERT P. CASEY, J
R
., PennsylvaniaJIM WEBB, VirginiaJEANNE SHAHEEN, New HampshireEDWARD E. KAUFMAN, DelawareKIRSTEN E. GILLIBRAND, New YorkRICHARD G. LUGAR, IndianaBOB CORKER, TennesseeJOHNNY ISAKSON, GeorgiaJAMES E. RISCH, IdahoJIM D
E
MINT, South CarolinaJOHN BARRASSO, WyomingROGER F. WICKER, MississippiJAMES M. INHOFE, OklahomaD
 AVID
M
C
Kean,
Staff Director
K 
ENNETH
 A. M
 YERS
, J
R
.,
 Republican Staff Director
(II)
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CONTENTS
Page
Letter of Transmittal ...............................................................................................vExecutive Summary .................................................................................................11. The Fruits of Neglect—Recent Rise of the Drug Trade ....................................3Unintended Consequences of the Invasion .....................................................4See No Evil ........................................................................................................52. Why Eradication Failed—2001 to 2008 .............................................................6Grounding Eradication .....................................................................................6Gone Today, Here Tomorrow ...........................................................................7 A Dramatic Change of Strategy ......................................................................83. How the Taliban Exploits the Drug Trade ........................................................9Where Does the Money Go? .............................................................................10The Scope of Corruption ..................................................................................11New Tactics in the Field ..................................................................................124. Implementing New Strategies for Afghanistan ................................................13‘‘Remove Them from the Battlefield’’ ..............................................................15Responding to the Stalemate ...........................................................................16The Regional Spillover—Problems in Pakistan .............................................17Beyond the Pakistan Border ............................................................................175. A Metaphor for War—The Battle of Marjah .....................................................18 A Surprise Attack .............................................................................................19The Pluses and Minuses of Marjah .................................................................206. The Missing Civilian Component .......................................................................21 A Verdict on Kabul and Washington ..............................................................21Two Bright Spots ..............................................................................................227. Recommendations for Afghanistan ....................................................................23 A
PPENDIX
 1. A Discussion of Alternative Crops—Poppy v. Wheat .......................................252. The Intricacies of Hawala—The Road to Nowhere ...........................................27Close Knit and Close Mouthed ........................................................................28 A Regional Perspective on the Money Flow ...................................................29(
III
)
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