KC TUITION: 012 3877 265

Chapter Three: Biodiversity 1. Biodiversity = wide variety of organisms on Earth 2. Living organisms: Need food Respire (breathe) Reproduce (form new generations) Move (animals obvious movement, plants least movement) Excrete Respond to stimuli Grow (increase in size)

Backbone Support system Nervous system i)

Invertebrates Absent Exoskeleton / hydrostatic Usually absent

Vertebrates Present Endoskeleton Efficient

endoskeleton = bones covered by muscles ii) exoskeleton = tissues covered by hard shells iii) hydrostatic skeleton = body supports by fluid inside. 6. Vertebrates can be classified by: i) body coverings ii) body temperature Warm blooded = constant Cold blooded = variable iii) respiratory organs iv) reproductive methods v) how they move vi) their habitats (space to live, reproduce) Vertebrates are classified into: i) mammals ii) fish iii) birds iv) reptiles v) amphibians

Lets Test Yourself 3.1 1. How do animals and green plants obtain energy? 2. State two differences between movement in plants and animals.

3.

Differences between animals & plants: Animals Absent Present Complex Stops at certain age Throughout body Symmetrical Plants Present Absent Simple Throughout life Limited to roots & shoots Asymmetrical

7.

Chlorophyll Nervous system Life processes Period of growth Region of growth Body shape 4.

8.

Classification:

5.

Animals can be classified into:

Mammals: Covered with fur/hair but ant eater has scaly body, porcupine has spiny body, pangolin has hard scales Warm blooded Breathe with lungs Internal fertilization (reproductive cells fused inside female body) Mostly live on land but blue whale & platypus live in water, bats can fly Mostly give birth but platypus has beak & lay eggs

Prepared By: K.C. Ngu

Form 2: Chapter 3 Week 13

KC TUITION: 012 3877 265

9.

Fish: Covered with slimy scales & streamlined body Has lateral line on the body to detect the vibrations in water Cold blooded Has gills for breathing External fertilization (reproductive cells fused outside of female body) Live in water Lay eggs without shells but shark gives birth

14. Flowering plants classified into:

Cotyledon Leaf vein Stem Root Flower parts Seed leaf

10. Birds: Covered with feathers & beak Warm blooded Breathe with lungs Internal fertilization Live on land Lay eggs with hard shell 11. Reptiles: Covered with hard & dry scales Cold blooded Breathe with lungs Internal fertilization Live on land but water snake & turtle live in water Lay eggs with shell but Anaconda gives birth where eggs hatch inside mothers body Usually 4 limbs 12. Amphibians: Covered with scales & moist skin Cold blooded Youngs breathe with gills Adults breathe with lungs + moist skin External fertilization Live partly on land & partly in water Lay eggs with no shell but coated with jelly layer Webbed feet 13. Plants classified into:

Monocotyledon 1 Parallel Soft (non-woody) Fibrous Multiple of 3 1

Dicotyledons 2 Network Woody Tap Not multiple of 3 2

Cotyledons supply food as the plant grows

15. Non flowering plants classified into:

True leaves Algae (seaweed) Moss (liverworts) Fern (birds nest fern, bracken fern) Conifer (pine tree) (needle liked)

True stem

True roots

(Non flowering plants with true leaves contain chlorophyll)

Prepared By: K.C. Ngu

Form 2: Chapter 3 Week 13

KC TUITION: 012 3877 265

Lets Test Yourself 3.2 1. Among the classes of vertebrates, which of them a) lay eggs with hard brittle shells? b) are cold blooded? c) have slimy scales? d) have mammary glands? 2. Complete the following table. Monocotyledon Number of cotyledons Leaf vein pattern Type of roots 3. What are the four types of non flowering plants? Dicotyledon

16. Importance of biodiversity: Source of food Habitats for flora & fauna Materials for clothing, construction & medicine Maintain level of oxygen & carbon dioxide Prevent flash floods and etc

Lets Test Yourself 3.3 1. State one way how the following organisms are important to the environment. a) Plant b) Bacteria and fungi 2. Give three ways we can help to maintain biodiversity

Prepared By: K.C. Ngu

Form 2: Chapter 3 Week 13