‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦ ﻫﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻋﻤﺮان و ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺳﺎزي – ‪ -88/2/30‬ﻣﺸﻬﺪ ﻣﻘﺪس – ﺗﺎﻻر اﺑﻦ ﺳﻴﻨﺎ‪www.Ficvsr.Civilica.

IR -‬‬

‫ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻡ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺴﺎﺕ ﺟﻨﺒﻲ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺯﻩ ﺁﺑﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﮑﻲ‬

‫ﺁﺭﺵ ﺳﻬﺮﺍﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻋﻔﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺻﻤﺪ ﺩﻫﻘﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﺯﺍﺩ ﺳﺮﭘﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﻴﻦ ﺭﺿﺎ ﺷﻴﺮﻱ‬

‫ﭼﮑﻴﺪﻩ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﺑﻨﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺎﺕ ﺟﻨﺒﻲ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻨﻔﮏ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﭼﺎﺭ ﺧﺴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﻩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬـﺎ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ ﻭﻟـﻲ ﭼﻴـﺰﻱ ﮐـﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ ﻧﺎﮔﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺑﻨﻴﻪ ﺁﺑﻲ ﺣﻴﻦ ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﺑﻼﻳﺎﻱ ﻃﺒﻴﻌـﻲ ﻭ ﺯﻟﺰﻟـﻪ ﻣـﻲ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ .‬ﮐـﻪ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻣﻨـﺪ ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒـﺖ ﻭ‬
‫ﺑﻬﺴﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺑﻨﻴﻪ ﺁﺑﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺪﻭ ﭘﻴﺪﺍﻳﺶ ﺑﺸﺮﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﻳﺠـﺎﺩ ﺑﺸـﺮ ﺑـﻮﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺗﺎﮐﻨﻮﻥ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﻩ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻧﻲ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺟﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺳـﺎﻳﺮ ﻧﻘـﺎﻁ ﺩﻧﻴـﺎ ﺳـﺎﺯﻩ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﺁﺑـﻲ ﺟﺪﻳـﺪ ﻭ‬
‫ﻗﺪﻳﻤﻲ ﺑﻪ ﭼﺸﻢ ﻣﻲ ﺧﻮﺭﺩ ﻭﻟﻲ ﭼﻴﺰﻱ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺑﺴﺰﺍﺋﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻟﺰﻭﻡ ﺑﻬﺴـﺎﺯﻱ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒـﺖ ﻭ ﻧﮕﻬـﺪﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺳﻌﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺰﻭﻡ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﻠﺐ ﻭ ﺭﺍﻫﮑﺎﺭﻫـﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘـﻪ ﺷـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺳـﺎﺯﻩ ﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺁﺑﻲ ﺑﻬﺴﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﺪﺍﻭﻡ ﻭ ﭘﺎﻳﺶ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺗﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺍﺑﻨﻴﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻭ ﻣﻴﻄﻠﺒـﺪ ﮐـﻪ ﺍﻣـﺮ ﺗﻌﻤﻴـﺮﺍﺕ‬
‫ﭘﻴﺸﮕﻴﺮﺍﻧﻪ ﻭ ﺑﻬﺴﺎﺯﻱ ﻟﺮﺯﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﻧﻴﺘﻮﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻣﺪﺍﻭﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﮐﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﮐﻠﻴﺪﻱ‪ :‬ﺭﺍﻫﮑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻬﺴﺎﺯﻱ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻡ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﺑﻨﻴﻪ ﺁﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﺪ ‪ ،‬ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ‬

‫‪ -۱‬ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﺑﻨﻴﻪ ﺁﺑﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺪﻭ ﭘﻴﺪﺍﻳﺶ ﺑﺸﺮﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺑﺸﺮ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺗﺎﮐﻨﻮﻥ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﻩ‬
‫ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻧﻲ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺟﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ ﺳﺎﺯﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺑﻲ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻭ ﻗﺪﻳﻤﻲ ﺑﻪ ﭼﺸﻢ ﻣﻲ ﺧﻮﺭﺩ‬
‫ﻭﻟﻲ ﭼﻴﺰﻱ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺑﺴﺰﺍﺋﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻟﺰﻭﻡ ﺑﻬﺴﺎﺯﻱ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺖ ﻭ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺳﻌﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺰﻭﻡ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﻠﺐ ﻭ ﺭﺍﻫﮑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -۲‬ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﻭ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ‪:‬‬

‫‪2‬‬ ‫ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦ ﻫﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻋﻤﺮان و ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺳﺎزي – ‪ -88/2/30‬ﻣﺸﻬﺪ ﻣﻘﺪس – ﺗﺎﻻر اﺑﻦ ﺳﻴﻨﺎ‪www.Ficvsr.Civilica.IR -‬‬

‫ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﻣﺨﺮﺑﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻧﻤﻲ ﻛﺸﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺯﻣـﺎﻥ ﺍﻧـﺪﻙ‬
‫ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺒﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺑـﺮﻭﺯ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺧﺮﺍﺑـﻲﻫـﺎ ﻧﻴـﺰ ﺑـﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻗـﺪﺭﺕ‪ ،‬ﺑـﻪ ﺳـﺮﻳﻊ ﻭ ﻧﺎﮔﻬـﺎﻧﻲ ﺑـﻮﺩﻥ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﺷـﻴﻪ ﮔﺴـﻠﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺭﺍﻧـﺪﮔﻲ ﻫـﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻟﺬﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﻫـﺎ ﻧﻴـﺰ ﻣﻌﻤـﻮﻻ ﺗـﺮﺍﻛﻢ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -۳‬ﺣﺮﮐﺎﺕ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‪:‬‬

‫ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻟﺮﺯﻩ ﻫﺎ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﮐﺮﻩ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ )ﺳﻨﮕﻬﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﺍﻧﻴﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻕ ﮐﻢ ﻭ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﻟﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻕ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ( ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻟـﻴﮑﻦ ﺯﻟﺰﻟـﻪ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺁﻥ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺮﮐﺎﺕ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺭﻭﻱ ﮔﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻩ ﺷـﺪﻥ ﭘﻮﺳـﺘﻪ ﺯﻣـﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳـﻖ ﻟﻐـﺰﺵ ﺑﻌﻀـﻲ ﺷـﮑﺎﻑﻫـﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺯﻣـﻴﻦ ﭼـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻋﻤـﺎﻕ‬
‫ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻫﺎ ﻭ ﭼﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺧﺸﮑﻲ ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﺑﻮﻗﻮﻉ ﻣﻲ ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﻠﺖ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺮﮐـﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟـﻮﺩ ﮔﺮﻣـﺎﻱ ﺑﺴـﻴﺎﺭ ﺯﻳـﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻫﺴﺘﻪ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺩﻣﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﮔﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻫﺴﺘﻪ ﺯﻣـﻴﻦ ﻭ ﭘﻮﺳـﺘﻪ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻑ ﻫﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﻍ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻑ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎ ﺳﺮﺩﺗﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﺧﻤﻴﺮﻩ ﮔﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻫﺴـﺘﻪ ﻭ‬
‫ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﮔﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﺵ ﺩﺭﺁﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﮐﻢ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﮐـﻒ‬
‫ﺍﻗﻴﺎﻧﻮﺱ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻢ ﺷﮑﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﮔﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﺧﻤﻴﺮﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻭ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺤـﺖ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﻫـﺪ‪ .‬ﺑـﺎ ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﮐﺮﻭﻱ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻒ‪-‬ﮐﻮﻩﺯﺍﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﻪ ﮐﻮﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ )ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺯﺍﮔﺮﺱ ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺒﺮﺯ ﻭ ﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺮﮐﻴﻪ (‬

‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺑﺮ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ )ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺜـﺎﻝ ﺩﺧـﻮﻝ ﭘﻮﺳـﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻗﻴـﺎﻧﻮﺱ‬
‫ﺁﺭﺍﻡ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻳﺮﮐﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﮊﺍﭘﻦ ﻭ ﺗﺎﻳﻮﺍﻥ(‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﻳﺪﺍﺩﻫﺎ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﺩﮔـﺮ ﺷـﮑﻠﻲ ﻭ ﺗﮑﺎﻣـﻞ ﭘﻮﺳـﺘﻪ ﻭ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺑﺨﺸﻬﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﻭﻧﻲ ﮐﺮﻩ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻟﺮﺯﻩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻳﮑﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﮐﺴﺐ ﺍﻃﻼﻉ ﺍﺯ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻓﻌـﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻫﺮ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺭﻭﻳﺪﺍﺩ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻟﺮﺯﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻭ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺧﺴﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺳـﺎﺯﻩﻫـﺎ ﻣـﻲ‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦ ﻫﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻋﻤﺮان و ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺳﺎزي – ‪ -88/2/30‬ﻣﺸﻬﺪ ﻣﻘﺪس – ﺗﺎﻻر اﺑﻦ ﺳﻴﻨﺎ‪www.Ficvsr.Civilica.IR -‬‬

‫ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﺪﮔﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻟﺮﺯﻩ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‪ ،‬ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻣﺤﺾ ﻭ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﺣـﺎﺋﺰ‬
‫ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﻼﺕ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻲ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺣﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻓﺎﺯﻫـﺎﻱ ﺗﻜﺘـﻮﻧﻴﻜﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻬﻢ ﻭ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﻱ ﺭﺍ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺳﺮ ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﻋـﺚ ﺑـﺮﻭﺯ ﮔﺴـﻠﻪ ﻭ ﺷﻜﺴـﺘﮕﻲﻫـﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻴـﻖ ﻭ ﻃـﻮﻳﻠﻲ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻋﻤـﻖ‪ ،‬ﻃـﻮﻝ ﻭ ﺳـﺎﺯﻭﻛﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﻟﺮﺯﻩ ﺧﻴﺰﻱ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﮕﻮﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﺍﻩ ﺁﻣﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﻮﺟـﻮﺩ )ﭼـﻪ ﺁﻧﻬـﺎﻳﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻛﺘﺐ ﻭ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻭ ﭼﻪ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺪﻩ ﺍﺧﻴﺮ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻟﺮﺯﻩﻧﮕـﺎﺭ ﺑـﻪ ﺛﺒـﺖ‬
‫ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ( ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺩﻩ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻟﺮﺯﻩﺧﻴﺰ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺑﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺮﺽ ﺧﻄﺮ ﺯﻣـﻴﻦﻟـﺮﺯﻩﻫـﺎﻱ ﺑـﺰﺭﮒ ﻭ‬
‫ﻭﻳﺮﺍﻧﮕﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ ﻫﺮ ﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺭﺧﺪﺍﺩ ﺯﻣﻴﻦﻟﺮﺯﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺮﺏ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٤‬ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺯﻣﻴﻦﻟﺮﺯﻩ‪:‬‬

‫‪-‬ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻟﺮﺯﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﮑﺘﻮﻧﻴﮑﻲ‪:‬‬

‫ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻟﺮﺯﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﮑﺘﻮﻧﻴﮑﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻫﺴـﺘﻨﺪ ﮐـﻪ ﺳـﺎﻻﻧﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳـﻄﺢ ﺟﻬـﺎﻥ ﺛﺒـﺖ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺣﺮﮐﺎﺕ ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﺗﺸﮑﻴﻞ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻟﺮﺯﻩﻫﺎ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻟﺮﺯﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺗﺸﻔﺸﺎﻧﻲ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻮﺍﺣﻲ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺁﺗﺸﻔﺸﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﻣﻲﺍﻓﺘﺪ ﻭ ﺑـﻪ ﻭﺍﺳـﻄﻪ ﺍﻧﻔﺠﺎﺭﻫـﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﺘـﺪﺍﺩ ﻣـﺮﺯ ﺻـﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﺭﺥ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻟﺮﺯﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﻭﺭﻳﺨﺘﻲ‪:‬‬

‫ﺑﺮ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻓﺮﻭ ﺭﻳﺨﺘﻦ ﻏﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮﺯﻣﻴﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻟﺮﺯﻩﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻟﺮﺯﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﻭﺭﻳﺨﺘـﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺳﻮﻣﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻜﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻟﺮﺯﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻳﻲ‪:‬‬

‫‪4‬‬ ‫ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦ ﻫﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻋﻤﺮان و ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺳﺎزي – ‪ -88/2/30‬ﻣﺸﻬﺪ ﻣﻘﺪس – ﺗﺎﻻر اﺑﻦ ﺳﻴﻨﺎ‪www.Ficvsr.Civilica.IR -‬‬

‫ﺑﺮ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺁﺑﮕﻴﺮﻱ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻧﺎﮔﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﭼﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺳﺪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﺁﺏ ﻳـﺎ ﺳـﻴﺎﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕـﺮ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺻﹰﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺎﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﮔﺴﻠﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺯﻣﻴﻦﻟﺮﺯﻩﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻟﺮﺯﻩﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﻧﺎﮔﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺯﻳـﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺭﻭﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﻴﻦﻟﺮﺯﻩﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻮﺳﻮﻣﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺯﻣﻴﻦﻟﺮﺯﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻌـﺎﺩﻥ ﻧﻴـﺰ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺩﺳـﺘﻪ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻣﻴﻦﻟﺮﺯﻩﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﺎ ﺁﺑﮕﻴﺮﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻓﺼﻠﻲ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﭼﻪ ﺳـﺪ‬
‫ﺳﻔﻴﺪﺭﻭﺩ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻟﺮﺯﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﻔﺠﺎﺭﻫﺎ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻧﻔﺠﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻲ ﻭ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﻴﻦ ﺁﻣـﺪ ﻭ ﺷـﺪ ﻭ ﻳـﺎ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴـﺖﻫـﺎﻱ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﻧﻴـﺰ ﺯﻣـﻴﻦ ﻟـﺮﺯﻩﻫـﺎﻳﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻳﺠـﺎﺩ‬
‫ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺪﺕ‪ ،‬ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﮑﻞ )‪ (۱‬ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ۱۹۹۹‬ﺗﺎﻳﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻭﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﻩ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪5‬‬ ‫ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦ ﻫﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻋﻤﺮان و ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺳﺎزي – ‪ -88/2/30‬ﻣﺸﻬﺪ ﻣﻘﺪس – ﺗﺎﻻر اﺑﻦ ﺳﻴﻨﺎ‪www.Ficvsr.Civilica.IR -‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺳﺎﺯﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺑﺸﺮ‪ ،‬ﺳﺪﻫﺎ ﺑﺪﻻﻳﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺍﻫـﺪﺍﻑ ﺳـﺎﺧﺖ ﻭ ﻧﻴـﺰ‬
‫ﺷﺪﺕ ﻭ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ ﺧﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﻭ ﺻﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻧﺎﺷـﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺮﺍﺑـﻲ ﺍﺣﺘﻤـﺎﻟﻲ ﺁﻧﻬـﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴـﺖ ﻣﻨﺤﺼـﺮ ﺑـﻪﻓـﺮﺩﻱ ﺑﺮﺧـﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -۵‬ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﺭﻭﺩﺑﺎﺭ‪:‬‬

‫ﺯﻣﻴﻦﻟﺮﺯﻩ ﺳﻲﻭﻳﮑﻢ ﺧﺮﺩﺍﺩ ‪ ١٣٦٩‬ﮔﻴﻼﻥ ﻳﮑﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺨﺮﺑﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﺗـﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻣﻌﺎﺻـﺮ ﺍﻳـﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺯﻟﺰﻟـﻪ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺳﺮﺍﺳﺮ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺛﺒﺖ ﮐﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻟﺮﺯﻩﻧﮕﺎﺭﻱ ﺳﻮﺋﻴﺲ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺷـﺒﮑﻪ‬
‫ﻟﺮﺯﻩﻧﮕﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻳﮏ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺎﺗﻲ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﮐﺮﺩ ﮐـﻪ ﺑﺰﺭﮔـﻲ ﺁﻥ ‪ ٧/٣‬ﺭﻳﺸـﺘﺮ ﺑـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﭼﻨـﺪ ﺳـﺎﻋﺖ ﭘـﺲ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭ ﭘﺲﻟﺮﺯﻩ ﻗﻮﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﻲ ‪ ٦/٢‬ﻭ ‪ ٦/٥‬ﺭﻳﺸﺘﺮ ﺭﺥ ﺩﺍﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻫﻔﺘﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ‪ ٤٠٠‬ﭘﺲﻟﺮﺯﻩ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺰﺭﮔﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺎ ‪ ٥/٩‬ﺭﻳﺸﺘﺮ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﮊﺋﻮﻓﻴﺰﻳﮏ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺷﺪﺕ ﻟﺮﺯﺵﻫـﺎ ﺑـﻪ ﺣـﺪﻱ ﺑـﻮﺩ ﮐـﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺗﺮﮎﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻓﻮﻗﺎﻧﻲ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻲ ﺳﺪ ﺳﻔﻴﺪﺭﻭﺩ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﻴﻦﻟﺮﺯﻩ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﻴﻼﻥ ﻭ ﺯﻧﺠﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻤﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺷﻤﺎﻝﻏﺮﺑﻲ ﺗﻬـﺮﺍﻥ ﻭﻳـﺮﺍﻥ ﮐـﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺣـﺪﻭﺩ ‪ ٥٠٠٠٠‬ﮐﺸـﺘﻪ ﻭ‬
‫‪ ٥٠٠٠٠‬ﺯﺧﻤﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺟﺎﻱ ﮔﺬﺍﺷﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﺩﺭ ‪ ٢٠٠‬ﮐﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﺷﻤﺎﻝ ﻏﺮﺏ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻠـﻲ ﻭﺍﻗـﻊ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﻪ‬
‫ﺳﻔﻴﺪﺭﻭﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﻭ ﺷﻬﺮ ﮐﺎﻣﻼ ﻭﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺭﻭﺩﺑﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻣﻨﺠﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﺯﻟﺰﻟـﻪ‪ ،‬ﺳـﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﻴﺮﻭﮔـﺎﻩ ﻭ‬
‫ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﻟﻲ ﭘﺲ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ۱۳۶۹‬ﺭﻭﺩﺑﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻣﻨﺠﻴـﻞ ﺳـﺪ‬
‫ﺳﻔﻴﺪﺭﻭﺩ ﺩﺳﺘﺨﻮﺵ ﺁﺳﻴﺐﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﻭ ﻭﻗﻔﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻬـﺮﻩﺑـﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻮﺟـﻮﺩ ﺁﻣـﺪ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﮔـﺎﻩ ﻭ ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺴـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺳﺪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﭼﺎﺭ ﺻﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺟﺪﻱ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘـﻪ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺳـﺪ ﻟﺘﻴـﺎﻥ ﻧﻴـﺰ ﻛـﻪ ﻋﻴﻨـﺎ‬
‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻄﻲ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺳﺪ ﺳﻔﻴﺪﺭﻭﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺮﺽ ﺭﺧﺪﺍﺩ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻟﺮﺯﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺮﺏ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠـﻪ ﺑـﺎ ﺁﻥ ﻭ‬
‫ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺑﺤﺮﺍﻥ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺪ ﺳﻔﻴﺪﺭﻭﺩ ﻣﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -۶‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ‪:‬‬
6 www.Ficvsr.Civilica.IR -‫ ﻣﺸﻬﺪ ﻣﻘﺪس – ﺗﺎﻻر اﺑﻦ ﺳﻴﻨﺎ‬-88/2/30 – ‫ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦ ﻫﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻋﻤﺮان و ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺳﺎزي‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻧﭽﻪ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﺯﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺑﻲ ﺑﻬﺴﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﺪﺍﻭﻡ ﻭ ﭘﺎﻳﺶ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﺘﻔـﺎﻭﺗﻲ ﺑـﺎ ﺳـﺎﻳﺮ‬
‫ﺍﺑﻨﻴﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻣﻴﻄﻠﺒﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺍﻣﺮ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﭘﻴﺸـﮕﻴﺮﺍﻧﻪ ﻭ ﺑﻬﺴـﺎﺯﻱ ﻟـﺮﺯﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺑـﺎ ﻣﺎﻧﻴﺘﻮﺭﻳﻨـﮓ ﻣـﺪﺍﻭﻡ ﺑـﻪ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ‬
.‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ‬

:‫ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩﺍﺕ‬-۷

‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﺸﮑﻴﻞ ﮐﻤﻴﺘﻪ ﺑﻬﺴﺎﺯﻱ ﺳﺎﺯﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺑﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺑـﻲ ﻗـﺪﻳﻤﻲ ﻭ ﺟﺪﻳـﺪ‬
.‫ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﻃﺮﻑ ﻭ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‬

:‫ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ‬-۸

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