‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦ ﻫﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻋﻤﺮان و ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺳﺎزي – ‪ -88/2/30‬ﻣﺸﻬﺪ ﻣﻘﺪس – ﺗﺎﻻر اﺑﻦ ﺳﻴﻨﺎ‪www.Ficvsr.Civilica.

IR -‬‬

‫ﭘﻞ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻭ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ‬

‫ﺍﻣﻴﺪ ﻧﺎﺩﺭﻱ‬

‫ﭼﮑﻴﺪﻩ‪:‬‬

‫ﺑﺸﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﭘﻴﺪﺍﻳﺶ ﺳﻌﻲ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﻣﺸﮑﻼﺕ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﻃﺮﻑ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﻩ‬
‫ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺩﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻌﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﻮﺭ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﮐﻪ ﺭﺍﻫﮑﺎﺭ ﺧﻼﺻﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﭘﻞ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﭘﻞ ﻭ ﭘﻞ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﺯ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺑﺴﺰﺍﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﮐﻪ ﭘﻠﻬﺎﻱ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻫﺰﺍﺭ ﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﺩﺭ ﮔﻮﺷﻪ ﻭ ﮐﻨﺎﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﭼﺸﻢ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﺧﻮﺭﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﭘﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻲ ﺍﺻﻔﻬﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻗﺪﻣﺖ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻫﺰﺍﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺯﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﭘﻞ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﻭ ﻓﻨﻮﻥ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﻳﻲ ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﺪ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺵ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﻢ ﻭ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻧﻮﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﮐﺎﺭﺍﺋﻲ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﭘﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺷﺎﺧﻪ ﻫﺎﺋﻲ‬
‫ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﭘﻞ ﺭﺍﻫﮑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻬﺴﺎﺯﻱ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺯﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺍﺑﻨﻴﻪ ﺍﻱ‬
‫ﭘﻞ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﮐﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﮐﻠﻴﺪﻱ‪ :‬ﭘﻞ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﺯﻩ ﻣﻌﻠﻖ‪ ،‬ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺑﻬﺴﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻡ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ‪،‬ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﻟﺮﺯﻩ ﺍﻱ‬

‫‪ -١‬ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‪:‬‬
‫ﻟﺰﻭﻡ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﻩ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺁﺑﻬﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺳﺎﮐﻦ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﭘﻞ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻧﻖ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻫﺮ ﺭﻭﺯﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺗﮑﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺑﮑﺎﺭﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺍﺑﻨﻴﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﭘﻞ ﺗﮑﺎﻣﻞ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺍﻱ‬
‫ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﭘﻞ ﻭ ﭘﻞ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺑﺴﺰﺍﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﮐﻪ ﭘﻠﻬﺎﻱ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻫﺰﺍﺭ ﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﮔﻮﺷﻪ ﻭ ﮐﻨﺎﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﭼﺸﻢ ﻣﻲ ﺧﻮﺭﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﭘﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻲ ﺍﺻﻔﻬﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻗﺪﻣﺖ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻫﺰﺍﺭ‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦ ﻫﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻋﻤﺮان و ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺳﺎزي – ‪ -88/2/30‬ﻣﺸﻬﺪ ﻣﻘﺪس – ﺗﺎﻻر اﺑﻦ ﺳﻴﻨﺎ‪www.Ficvsr.Civilica.IR -‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺯﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﭘﻞ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﻭ ﻓﻨﻮﻥ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﻳﻲ ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﺪ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ‬
‫ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺵ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﻢ ﻭ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻧﻮﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﮐﺎﺭﺍﺋﻲ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫ﻭ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﭘﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺷﺎﺧﻪ ﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﭘﻞ‬
‫ﺭﺍﻫﮑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻬﺴﺎﺯﻱ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺯﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺍﺑﻨﻴﻪ ﺍﻱ ﭘﻞ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﭘﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺘﻪ ﺍﻱ ‪:‬‬

‫ﭘﻞ ﻫﺎ ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻭﺍﻓﺮﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺯﻳﺮﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻠﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬ﻳﻚ ﭘﻞ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺗﺨﺘﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻳﻚ ﺷﻜﺎﻑ ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‪.‬ﺑﺎ ﻋﺮﻳﺾ ﺗﺮ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺷﻜﺎﻑ ‪ ،‬ﺗﺨﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺣﺘﻲ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻳﻚ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ ‪ ،‬ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺧﻢ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭﺍﺯ ﺷﺪﻥ ﭘﻞ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﻦ ﺗﺨﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺨﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻴﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺸﻬﻮﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﺘﺤﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﺎﻧﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻢ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬ﺗﻴﺮ ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺧﻂ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬ﻳﻚ ﻧﻤﺎﻱ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻴﺮ ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺯﻳﺮ‬
‫ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﺗﻴﺮ ) ﺗﺤﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ( ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻨﻲ ﺗﻴﺮ ) ﺑﺮ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻛﺸﺶ ( ﻛﺸﻴﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ‪ ،‬ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻴﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺗﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻲ ﺗﻴﺮ ) ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ( ‪ ،‬ﻧﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻧﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻛﺸﺶ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺧﻢ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺗﻴﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪.‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺧﻢ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﺎﻧﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪ ،‬ﺧﻤﺶ ﻣﻲ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﻳﻚ ﭘﻞ ﺗﺨﺘﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺩﭼﺎﺭ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ‪ ،‬ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻲ ﺗﺨﺘﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻘﻴﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬
‫ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺘﻪ ﻫﻴﭽﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺁﺳﻴﺒﻲ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺑﻴﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺭﻭ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﻣﻲ ﺍﻓﺘﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻲ ﺗﺨﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻘﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻫﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻠﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻫﻴﭽﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺘﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺁﺯﺍﺩﻱ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻫﻴﭻ ﺧﻤﺸﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻧﻤﻲ‬
‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ‪ ،‬ﺧﻤﺶ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺧﻤﺶ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﭘﻴﭽﻨﺪﻩ ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺻﻔﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻴﻪ‬
‫ﭼﭗ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﺵ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻲ ﺗﺨﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻣﺠﺪﺩﺍ ﺗﺎ ﺻﻔﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻴﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ ‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ‪ ،‬ﺍﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﭘﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺘﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻞ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺎﺭﺁﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺎﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﭼﻮﺑﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻟﺒﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺗﺎﻕ‬
‫ﺷﻴﺮﻭﺍﻧﻲ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻞ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﻳﺪ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺨﺘﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻒ ﺍﺗﺎﻕ ) ﻭ ﺗﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﺮﺿﻲ ﻃﺎﻕ‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦ ﻫﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻋﻤﺮان و ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺳﺎزي – ‪ -88/2/30‬ﻣﺸﻬﺪ ﻣﻘﺪس – ﺗﺎﻻر اﺑﻦ ﺳﻴﻨﺎ‪www.Ficvsr.Civilica.IR -‬‬

‫( ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻴﻜﺮﻩ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬ﺗﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﺪﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻱ ‪ ،‬ﺩﭼﺎﺭ ﺧﻤﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﻧﻤﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪.‬ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺘﻲ ﺑﻨﺎﻡ ﺧﻤﺶ ﺳﻜﻮﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬ﺍﺻﻞ ﺑﻨﻴﺎﺩﻱ ﺧﻤﺶ ﺳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬ﻫﻤﺎﻧﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻼ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﺷﺪ ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻛﺸﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ ﻣﻨﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻴﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺗﻴﺮ ‪ ،‬ﺭﺥ ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪.‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺘﻴﻢ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻲ ﺗﻴﺮ ) ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ( ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﻫﻴﻢ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻟﺒﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻭ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬
‫ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺻﺮﻑ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﻢ‪.‬ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﺗﻴﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺧﻤﺶ‬
‫ﺳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﻭ ﺗﻴﺮﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﻴﺮ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻞ ﻫﺎ ﺑﮑﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻌﻠﺖ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﻳﺸﺎﻥ ) ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﮕﺎﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ ( ﺑﻪ ﺗﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ‪ I‬ﻳﺎ ﭘﻴﭻ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻬﻦ ﻣﺸﻬﻮﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬ﺗﻴﺮ ﺳﻤﺖ ﭼﭗ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻮﻻﺩ ﻭ ﺗﻴﺮ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪.‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺗﻴﺮ ﻣﺘﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬ﻫﺮﭼﻪ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ‪ ،‬ﺧﻤﺶ ﺳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺗﻴﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺗﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪.‬ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﻫﺴﺘﻴﻢ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮﺩﻣﻨﺪﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ؛ ﭼﺮﺍﻛﻪ ﺧﻤﺶ ﺳﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻲ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬ﺁﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻧﻤﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﻴﺮ ﺯﺩﻭﺩ ؛ ﭼﺮﺍﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺗﻴﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻴﺮ ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺍﺯ ﻟﻐﺰﺵ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺗﻴﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻝ ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﺁﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺘﻤﺮﻛﺰ‬
‫ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺗﻴﺮ ﻭ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻧﻮﻋﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻟﻐﺰﺵ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻲ ﺗﻴﺮ ﺳﺨﺖ ﻭ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺁﻧﺮﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﻠﻪ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‪.‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﻟﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻴﻜﺮﻩ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺁﻥ ﭼﻴﺰﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ ﭘﻞ ﺗﺨﺘﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻳﺎﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻞ ﻫﺎ ‪،‬‬
‫ﻗﺪﻳﻤﻲ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻭ ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻞ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺣﺘﻲ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﻧﻴﺰ ﭘﻞ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺒﻨﺎ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬ﻳﻚ ﭘﻞ‬
‫ﭼﻮﺑﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻔﺼﻞ ﻣﺸﻬﻮﺭﻧﺪ ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻭ ﻧﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡ‬
‫ﻣﺸﻬﻮﺭﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﺴﺎﻟﻪ ﺷﻤﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺗﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺣﻔﺮﻩ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬ﻣﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻴﭻ ﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻛﻮﭼﻜﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺟﻔﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻭﺍﮊﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻳﺎﺩ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﺩ ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﺱ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺩﺭﺳﺖ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦ ﻫﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻋﻤﺮان و ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺳﺎزي – ‪ -88/2/30‬ﻣﺸﻬﺪ ﻣﻘﺪس – ﺗﺎﻻر اﺑﻦ ﺳﻴﻨﺎ‪www.Ficvsr.Civilica.IR -‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡ ﻫﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ؛ ﺍﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺑﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻧﺨﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻭ ﭘﺎﻳﺔ ﭘﻞﻫﺎ ‪:‬‬

‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺮ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺁﺏ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﭘﺎﻳﺔ ﻳﻚ ﭘﻞ‪ ،‬ﺳﺮﻋﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻲ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ‬
‫ﺁﺑﺸﺴﺘﮕﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻲ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﭘﻞ ﻭ ﻛﺮﺍﻧﻪ ﺭﻭﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺍﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﭘﻞ )ﻛﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ( ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ‬
‫ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺬﻑ ﻳﺎ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺳﺮﻋﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﺗﺮﺍﺯ ﭘﻲ ﻭ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ‬
‫ﭘﻲ ﭘﻞ ﻭ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺭﻭﺩﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻒﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﻮﺭﻳﺴﻨﮓ ﺗﺸﻜﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺩﺧﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﭘﻞﻫﺎ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻭ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﻮﺭﻳﺴﻨﮓﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺸﻜﻲ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻛﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺭﺳﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻮﺭﻳﺴﻨﮓﻫﺎ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺑﺸﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻭ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻞ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﭘﻞ ﻭ ﻛﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪(۷) .‬‬

‫ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ‪ ۱‬ﮐﻒ ﺑﻨﺪ ﺗﻮﺭﻳﺴﻨﮕﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﭘﻞ‬

‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺷﻴﺐ ﺭﻭﺩﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﭘﻞ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺘﹰﺎ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ‬
‫ﺁﺑﺸﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﭘﺎﻳﻪﻫﺎ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﭘﻞ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻄﺮ ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺑﺸﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺣﻔﻆ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺷﻴﺐ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﺔ ﻛﻤﻲ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺩﺳﺖ ﭘﻞ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻳﻚ ﺳﺮﺭﻳﺰ ﻳﺎ ﺁﺑﻨﻤﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺭﻳﺴﻨﮕﻲ ﺟﺒﺮﺍﻥ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﺿﺢ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦ ﻫﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻋﻤﺮان و ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺳﺎزي – ‪ -88/2/30‬ﻣﺸﻬﺪ ﻣﻘﺪس – ﺗﺎﻻر اﺑﻦ ﺳﻴﻨﺎ‪www.Ficvsr.Civilica.IR -‬‬

‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺳﺮﺭﻳﺰ ﺗﻤﻬﻴﺪﺍﺕ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺣﻮﺿﭽﺔ ﺁﺭﺍﻣﺶ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺶ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﮕﻴﺮﻳﻢ‪(٧) .‬‬

‫ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ‪ 2‬ﮐﻒ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﭘﻞ‬

‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ‪:‬‬

‫ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩﺍﺕ‪:‬‬

‫ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ‪:‬‬

‫]‪ " – [1‬ﻃﺮﺡ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻡ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺍﻧﻔﺠﺎﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻭ ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﻓـﻮﻻﺩﻱ "‬
‫‪ -‬ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻴﺮﺍﻣﻲ ﺷﻬﺎﺑﻲ – ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﮐﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻡ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﻣﻴﺮ ﮐﻴﻴﺮ ‪١٣٨٥‬‬
‫‪6‬‬ ‫ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦ ﻫﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻋﻤﺮان و ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺳﺎزي – ‪ -88/2/30‬ﻣﺸﻬﺪ ﻣﻘﺪس – ﺗﺎﻻر اﺑﻦ ﺳﻴﻨﺎ‪www.Ficvsr.Civilica.IR -‬‬

‫]‪ " -[2‬ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﺑﻬﺴـﺎﺯﻱ ﺧـﺎﻙ ﻭﺳـﺎﺯﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑـﺮﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻟـﺮﺯﻩ ﻭ ﭘﺪﻳـﺪ ﻩ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﺷـﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ " ‪ -‬ﻋﻠﻴﺮﺿـﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻴﺮﺯﺍﮔﻞ ﺗﺒﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﺷﻦ ‪ -‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﮐﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻡ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﻣﻴﺮ ﮐﻴﻴﺮ ‪١٣٨٥‬‬

‫]‪ " -[3‬ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﻭ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻮﺯﻳﺖ ﻭ ﻧﻮﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻡ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻟﺮﺯﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻱ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﺢ ﻭ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺑﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ‪ -‬ﺁﺭﻟﻦ ﺍﺳﻜﻨﺪﺭﻱ‪ -‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﮐﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻡ ﺳـﺎﺯﻱ‬
‫ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﻣﻴﺮ ﮐﻴﻴﺮ ‪١٣٨٥‬‬

‫]‪- [4‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﺗﻮﭘﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﺳـﺦ ﻟـﺮﺯﻩﺍﻱ ﺁﺑﺮﻓـﺖ“؛ ﭘـﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳـﻲ ﺍﺭﺷـﺪ ﺧـﺎﻙ ﻭ ﭘـﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﻤﺪﺭﺿـﺎ‬
‫ﺩﻫﻘﺎﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻤﺎﻩ ‪.١٣٧٥‬‬

‫]‪ "[5‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺳﺨﻨﺮﺍﻧﻨﻴﻬﺎ ﺳﻤﻴﻨﺎﺭ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻲ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ "‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﮐـﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘـﺎﺕ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﻭ‬
‫ﻣﺴﮑﻦ )‪(١٣٦٤‬‬

‫]‪ " –[6‬ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﮏ ﺳﺎﺯﻩ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﻪ"‪ ،‬ﺁﻧﻴﻞ ﭼﻮﺑﺮﺍ ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﺷﺎﭘﻮﺭ ﻃﺎﺣﻮﺋﻲ )‪(١٣٧٧‬‬

‫‪ -٧‬ﻃﺮﺡ ﻭ ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﺎﺯﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺭﻳﺴﻨﮕﻲ )ﮔﺎﺑﻴﻮﻥ( ؛ ﻣﺤﻤﻮﺩ ﺟﻮﺍﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻬﺪﻱ ﻓﺮﺷﺎﺩ ‪ ،‬ﻧﺎﺻﺮ ﻃﺎﻟـﺐ ﺑﻴـﺪﺧﺘﻲ ‪،‬‬
‫ﭘﺮﻫﺎﻡ ﺟﻮﺍﻫﺮﻱ ؛ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻧﺖ ﺍﻣﻮﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺟﻬﺎﺩ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﮔﻲ ‪.‬‬

‫‪8- Earthquake Engineering Research, ‘Loma PRIETA Collection, University of‬‬

‫‪California”, Berkeley‬‬

‫‪9- ‘Northridge Earthquake of 2003 reconnaissance report’, (2004), Earthquake‬‬

‫‪Engineering Research institute, Earthquake Spectra, Supplement C to Volume‬‬
‫‪11‬‬

‫‪10- EQE International (1995). The January, 2003 Kobe earthquake; An EQE‬‬
‫‪Summary Report, April‬‬

‫‪11-Richardson.G.N‬‬
‫‪Richardson.G.N & Feger.A & Lee. K.L, “Seismic testing of reinforced earth‬‬
‫‪walls”, journal of geotechnical engineering, Div. ASCE 103 (1), 1977, pp. 1‬‬
‫‪1-17.‬‬
7 www.Ficvsr.Civilica.IR -‫ ﻣﺸﻬﺪ ﻣﻘﺪس – ﺗﺎﻻر اﺑﻦ ﺳﻴﻨﺎ‬-88/2/30 – ‫ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦ ﻫﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻋﻤﺮان و ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺳﺎزي‬

12-Wilkins.M.L.,
.L., “Fundamental methods Hydrodynamics”, Journal of
Methods in computational phsics, Vol.3, 1964, pp. 211-263.
211

13- Biggs.j.M., “Introduction to structural Dynamics”.