Dr.

GeorgeGougoulidis
EnergySavings
CostSavings
Ship
Owners/Operators
Environmental
Benefits
Everyone
Financial
Crisis
Regulations
(IMO)
EEDI=EnergyEfficiencyDesignIndex
EEOI=EnergyEfficiencyOperationalIndex
SEEMP=ShipEnergyEfficiencyManagementPlan
CEEMP=CompanyEnergyEfficiencyManagementPlan
IEEC=InternationalEnergyEfficiencyCertificate
KPI=KeyPerformanceIndicator
MBM=MarketBasedMeasures
MBI=MarketBasedInstruments
IMO
Measures
Technical
EEDI
Operational
SEEMP/EEOI
Economic
MBM/MBI
TheEnergyEfficiencyDesignIndex(EEDI)isameasureofshipsenergyefficiency
Bulkcarriers
Tankers
Gascarriers
ROROcargoships
Generalcargoships
Refrigeratedcargocarrier
Combinationcarrier
Passengerships
RORO passengerships
Containerships
Inforcesince1Jan2013
Applicabletoshipsover400GT
Notapplicabletoshipswithdieselelectric,
turbineorhybridpropulsion
EEDIfornewships
Contracted1Jan2013,or
Keellaid1Jul2013,or
Delivered1Jul2015
FlagStatemaywaivetheEEDIforupto4
years
AttainedEEDI&RequiredEEDIfor
newships
newshipsundergoneamajorconversion
neworexistingshipsundergoneamajor
conversion
AttainedEEDI RequiredEEDI
Environmentalcost=EmissionofCO2
Benefit=Cargocapacitytransporteda
certaindistance
society for Benefit
cost tal Environmen
index design efficiency energy Attained
ThepurposeoftheEEDIreferencelinesis:
toprovideafairbasisforcomparison
tostimulatethedevelopmentofmoreefficient
ships
toestablishtheminimumefficiencyofnewships
Calculatedbasedondatafromexistingships:
of400GTandabove
deliveredfrom1January1999to1January2009
SurveyandcertificationoftheEEDIshouldbe
conductedontwostages:
preliminaryverificationatthedesignstage
finalverificationattheseatrial
EasiestwaytoreduceEEDIReduceSpeed
Speedreductionmaybeaproblemforslow
ships
Underpoweredshipsmayhavesafetyand
maneuverabilityissues
Underpoweredships(smallerengines)mayemit
moreCO2tomaintainspeedinrealweather/
operatingconditions
Uncertaintyonhowtotreatthelargenumberof
EnergySavingDevices
IEECshallbeissuedafterasurveyandbefore
thatshipengagesinvoyages
Validthroughoutthelifeoftheship
ShipsconstructedbeforethedateAnnexVI
entersintoforcewillbeissuedwithan
InternationalAirPollutionPrevention
Certificate
Toestablishamechanismforacompany
and/orashiptoimprovetheenergyefficiency
ofaship'soperation
Mandatoryforallshipstohaveone,butnota
specificform.Itcanbe:
Paper
Minimalinvestment,noretrofittovessels
Extraworkforcrew,delaytoarriveattheoffice,
manuallyanalyzedata
Electronic
Realtime
Existingshipsbyfirstintermediateorrenewal
surveyafter1Jan2013
Planning
Implementation
Monitoring
(EEOI)
Self
evaluation&
improvement
Anassessmenttooloftheefficiencyofaship
withrespecttoCO2emissions
Voluntary
DefinedastheratioofmassofCO2emitted
perunitoftransportwork
Improvedvoyage
planning
Weatherrouteing
Justintime
Speedoptimization
Optimizedshaftpower
Optimumtrim
Optimumballast
Optimumpropellerand
propellerinflow
considerations
Optimumuseofrudderand
headingcontrolsystems
(autopilots)
Hullmaintenance
Propulsionsystem
Propulsionsystem
maintenance
Wasteheatrecovery
Improvedfleetmanagement
Improvedcargohandling
Energymanagement
FuelType
MEPCrecognizedthattechnicaland
operationalmeasuresnotsufficientto
satisfactorilyreduceGHGemissions
MBMsplaceapriceonGHGemissionsand
servetwomainpurposes:
provideaneconomicincentiveforthemaritime
industrytoreduceitsfuelconsumption
offsetinothersectorsofgrowingshipemissions
11proposals,themajoronesbeing:
GHGCompensationFund
Chargeonfuel
Purchasecreditsorberefunded
EmissionTradingSystem(ETS)
Establishofarestriction(cap)ontotalemissions
frominternationalshipping
Shipownerswillhavetobuyemissionallowances
tocovertheiremissions,orsellsurplusallowances
Energyefficiencystandards
InternationalFundforGHGemissionsfromships
(GHGFund)
Establishesaglobalreductiontargetforinternational
shipping,setbyeitherUNFCCCorIMO.Emissions
abovethetargetwouldbeoffsetbypurchasing
approvedemissionreductioncredits.Theoffsetting
activitieswouldbefinancedbyacontributionpaidby
shipsoneverytonofbunkerfuelpurchased
LeveragedIncentiveScheme
GHGFundcontributionsarecollectedonmarinebunker.
Partisrefundedtoshipsmeetingtheefficiency
benchmarksandlabelledasgoodperformanceships
PortStateLevy
Leviesauniformemissionschargeonallvesselscalling
attheirrespectiveportsbasedontheamountoffuel
consumedbytherespectivevesselonitsvoyagetothat
port
ShipEfficiencyandCreditTrading
Subjectsallshipstomandatoryenergyefficiency
standards.Asonemeansofcomplyingwiththe
standard,anefficiencycredittradingprogramwouldbe
established.
VesselEfficiencySystem
Eachvesselwouldbejudgedagainstarequirementto
improveitsefficiencybyX%belowtheaverage
efficiency(baseline)forthespecificvesselclassandsize.
Existingshipsfailingtomeettherequiredstandard
throughtechnicalmodificationswouldbesubjecttoa
feeappliedtoeachtonoffuelconsumed.
GlobalEmissionTradingSystem
Setsasectorwidecaponnetemissionsfrom
internationalshipping.Anumberofallowances(Ship
EmissionUnits)correspondingtothecapwouldbe
releasedintothemarketeachyearviaaglobal
auctioningprocess.Theunitscouldthenbetraded.
Apenaltyontradeanddevelopment
Insiststhattheimpositionofanycostsshouldbe
proportionatetothecontributionbyinternational
shippingtoglobalCO2emissions
RebateMechanism(RM)foramarketbased
instrumentforinternationalshipping
Compensatedevelopingcountriesforthe
financialimpactofanMBM
On28June2013,finalizedproposalforaEU
regulationonMonitoring,Reportingand
Verification(MRV)ofCO2emissionsfrom
ships
Iftheregulationisapprovedbyboththe
EuropeanCouncilandEuropeanParliament,
thenitwillenterintoforceon1July2015
TheMRVobligationswillapplytoshipping
activitiescarriedoutfrom1January2018
Theregulationwillapplytoallvesselsover
5000grosstonsthatuseEUports,
irrespectiveofwheretheshipsareregistered
ItwillrequireannualreportingoftheirCO2
emissionsinlinewithaverifiedmonitoring
plan
Thepurposeoftheregulationistoprovide
reliableinformationonGHGemissionswithin
maritimetransport,definereductiontargets
andfinallythemeanstoachievethem
Authority ObservatoryforEnergyand
EnvironmentinTransport (OEET)
Discussionsstartedin2005.
Therequirementwaspublishedin2011
EnforcedonOctober1,2013
ShipscallingatFrenchportsmustreportthe
amountofCO2emittedduringthattrip
From2015EmissionControlAreas(ECA)SOx and
particulatelimitsdownto0.10%
From2016,allnewshipsmustcomplywiththe
TierIIINOx requirements
40%oftheworldfleetentersECAsduringayear
TheIMOdecisiontodelayregulationneeds
tobeadoptedbyvoteinthenextMPEC,
expectedtobeheldinMarch2014
ECAsmayhaveanimpactonlocaleconomies
sincethestrictmeasuresmayleadtheship
ownerstoceaseservicestocertainportsdue
toincreasedfuelcosts
Installascrubber
allowsfortheuseofhighsulphur fuel
requiressignificantspace
investmentcosts
willnotcomplywithfutureNOx requirements
Switchtolowsulphur (0.1%)fueloil
wellprovenandtestedsolution
priceandsupplycapacitymaybeanissue
cannotmeettheNOx regulations
ConverttoLNG
38LNGfuelledshipsinoperationworldwide,about30in
theorderbooks
meetsthefutureECASOx limits
complieswithNOx regulations
investmentcosts
extraspaceonboardforLNGtanks
concernsaboutLNGbunkeringavailabilityandprice