Learn Spanish

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Contents

Language note Alphabet Pronunciation Guide Stress & Accent Marks Basic Phrases Greetings Numbers Vocabulary Grammar basics False Friends Spanish - English Dictionary English - Spanish Dictionary Food Glossary

3 4 5 10 11 15 16 18 33 58 64 80 96

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Espaol - Language note

Spanish is the third most popular language of the world. It belongs to the Ibero-Romance family of languages and is most closely related to Catalan, Galician and Portuguese. There are around 40 million Spanish speakers within Spain and many more in other countries (see below). Spanish is the official language in Spain, including the Balearic and Canary Islands and the Northern African enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla. There are Spanish-speaking communities in the UK, France and Germany. It is one of the official languages of the European Union and of the United Nations.

Spanish uses the Latin alphabet and the acute accent on vowels to indicate stressed syllables. and are exclusive to Spanish and represent a single letter and not a modification of n. It's also the only language to use the opening question and exclamation marks

Country - Number of Spanish Speakers: Mexico - 91 million Colombia - 41.9 million Argentina - 35.6 million Spain - 39.9 million Venezuela - 23.3 million USA - 20.7 million Peru - 20.4 million Chile - 13.6 million Ecuador - 11.8 million Dominican Republic - 8.2 million

The Alphabet
The Spanish alphabet consists of 29 letters:

a, b, c, ch, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, ll, m, n, , o, p, q, r, s, t, u, v, w, x, y, z
Below you can see the capital letters along with name of each letter and one word starting with that letter.

A: a B: be C: ce CH: che D: de E: e F: efe G: ge H: hache I: i J: jota K: ka L: ele LL: elle M: eme N: ene : ee O: o P: pe Q: cu R: ere S: ese T: te U: u V: ve W: doble u X: equis Y: i griega Z: zeta

azul (adj) - blue bandera (nf) - flag cerdo (nm) - pig, hog chico (nm) - boy dedo (nm) - finger escarabajo (nm) - beetle fruta (nf) - fruit gatito (nm) - kitten hombre (nm) - man insecto (nm) - insect joya (nf) - jewel kilmetro (nm) - kilometre lago (nm) -lake llover (v) rain mar (nf, nm) sea noche (nf) - night ame (nm) - yam ocano (nm) - ocean pap (nm) - dad quiz - maybe reina (nf) - queen silla (nf) - chair tiburn (nm) - shark uva (nf) - grape vaca (nf) - cow wok (nm) - wok xilfono (nm) - xylophone y (conj) - and zorro (nm) - fox

Pronounciation Guide

Vowels

All vowels in Spanish make only one sound each: a . . . sounds like . . . ah as in "father" The Spanish "a" is a short sharp sound like "hat" in English Examples: pato - apio - loca e The Spanish "e" is like the ehh in "bet" in English Examples: elegir - xito - sed

i . . . sounds like . . . ee as in "bee" The Spanish "i" is like the "ee" in "seen", but a bit shorter Examples: sin - mircoles - idiota

o . . sounds like . . . oh as in "go" The Spanish "o" can have two sounds. When it is at the end of a word it is like the "o" in note e.g. "pato" When it is before a consonant it is shorter, like "pot" or "cot" e.g. "boda". This difference is very subtle Examples: pato - apio - loca

u . . . sounds like . . . oo as in "to" The Spanish "u" is like the "oo" in "food" Note: It is silent after "q" and in "gue" and "gui" The exceptions are marked with a diaeresis eg: antigedad. The "" is quite rare.

Examples: luna - puro - mudo

Diphtongs:

ai ay The Spanish "ai" is like the "i" in "side" Examples: aislar - paisaje - vaina - haya au The Spanish "au" is like the "ou" in "sound" Examples: causa - pausa - audio - audiencia ei ey The Spanish "ei" and "ey" sound like the "ay" in say Examples: rey - peine - seis eu The Spanish "eu" has no English equivalent and is difficult to define. It is just the sounds of "e" and "u" together. It is not very common. Examples: deuda - neutral - reumatismo oi oy The Spanish "oi" and "oy" are like the "oy" in boy Examples: soy - doy - boicot - sois - coyote

Semi-consonants:
ie y The Spanish "y" and "ie" have the "y" sound in "yes" . Note that the word "y" meaning "and" sounds like the Spanish "i" Examples: hielo - yerno - yeso - tierno - miedo u The Spanish "u + vowel" sounds like the "w" in "win" Note that when "u" is followed by a vowel it normally has the "w" sound Examples: fuente - huevo - agua - fui - fuimos - cuota

Consonants

Most consonants are the same as in English, except: c g h j ll r rr v z b The Spanish "b" is almost exactly the same as an English "b" (Note: Both "b" and "v" have the "b" sound in Spanish) Examples: bomba - enviar - voy - Crdoba c (hard c) The Spanish "c" has the English "k" sound except when it comes before "e" and "i" Examples: academia - con - Ecuador - cola c (soft c) Before "e" and "i" it has a "th" sound as in "thin" (Note: c is an "s" sound in Latin America, or a "th" sound in Spain) Examples: sociedad - recibir - receta ch The Spanish "ch" is the same as the "ch" in church Examples: bochorno - champn - champin - champ d The Spanish "d" is very similar to the English "d" when it comes at the end of a word it can have a "th" like sound eg. Madrid, verdad Examples: del - definir - ciudad - domingo f The Spanish "f" is the same as the English "f" Examples: frer - difcil - afeitar - foro g (hard g) The Spanish "g" is like the English "g" unless it comes before "i" and "e". Examples: Galicia - golpe - guante - iglesia g (soft g)

The Spanish "g" is like the Spanish "j" when it comes before "i" and "e". It makes the soft "h" sound, like the "ch" in the Scottish "loch" Some other words which have this sound are: gemelo - geranio - gimnasio - gitano h The Spanish "h" is always silent Examples: honor - Alhambra - rehacer j The Spanish "j" is a strong guttural (throaty) sound similar to the "ch" in the Scottish "loch" Examples: jota - jabn - lenguaje - eje k The Spanish "k" is the same as the English "k". It is very uncommon in Spanish Examples: kilo - kilovatio - kiosco - kiwi l The Spanish "l" is the same as the English "l" Examples: lobo - lmpara - ladrn ll The Spanish "ll" makes a drawn-out sound like the "y" in yes Examples: taller - valle - llamar - llover - lleno- Mallorca m The Spanish "m" is the same as the English "m" Examples: mama - tomar - malo - mixta - mano n The Spanish "n" is the same as the English "n" Examples: nadar - nadie - no - uno - nada

The Spanish "" is like the "ni" in "onion" in English Examples: bao - caa - rin - teir p

The Spanish "p" is the same as the "p" in English Examples: pato - apio - lpiz q The Spanish "q" is pronounced like the English "k" in "kick" Examples: queso - qu - querer - quince (Please note that the u after q is silent unlike in English, so qu makes a "k" sound not "kw") r The Spanish "r" is a similar to the English "r" but it is stronger (is rolled) Examples: rabo - radio - mar rr The Spanish "rr" does not exist in English. It is a very strong "r" with a trill (it's rolled emphatically). Many English speakers find this sound very difficult to pronounce. Examples: puerro - berro - carro - guerra - parra - barrio s The Spanish "s" has two sounds. It is pronounced the same as "s" sound in "sit" except when it comes before b, d, g, l, m, n Examples: saber - sobre - cosas - asunto It can have a "zzz" sound when it comes before b, d, g, l, m, n Examples: mismo - desde - asno t The Spanish "t" is very similar to the "t" in English. In Spanish the tongue is placed closer to the teeth and there is less aspiration. Examples: trigo - tomar- todo - patata v makes the "b" sound

x The Spanish "x" is similar to the English pronunciation and it has a "ks" sound. Examples: extra - sexto- exacto - xito z

The Spanish "z" has the "th" sound in the English thin. Examples: zona - cazar - zorro - luz Please note: Z . . . is an "Z" sound in Latin America, or a "TH" sound in Spain

Stress and Accent Marks

Knowing how letters are pronounced is only one aspect of learning Spanish pronunciation. Another key aspect is knowing which syllable should be stressed. Fortunately, in Spanish the rules for stress (also known as accent) are simple. In fact, there are only three basic rules that cover nearly every word:

1. If a word ends in a vowel, n or s, the stress is on the next to last syllable. For example, toro, computadora, joven and zapatos all have their accent on the next-to-last syllable. Most words fit this category. 2. Words than end in other letters have the stress on the last syllable. For example, hotel, hablar, madador and virtud all have the accent on the final syllable. 3. If a word isn't pronounced according to the above two rules, an accent is placed over the vowel of the syllable that gets the stress. For example, comn, lpiz, mdico, ingls, and ojal all have the stress on the indicated syllable. The only exceptions to the above words are some words of foreign origin, generally words adopted from English, that retain their original spelling and pronunciation. Also personal names and place names of foreign origin usually are written without accents. Note that some publications and signs do not use accent marks over capital letters, although it is normally best to use them when possible.

Capital letters
In Spanish, days, months, languages and nationalities do not use a capital letter. Only names of people and places do.

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Basic Phrases (Spanish English)

Hola - Hi Me llamo... - My name is... Encantado, -a - Nice to meet you S - Yes No - No Hablo un poco - I speak a little en espaol - in Spanish en ingls - in English Adis - Goodbye Gracias - Thank you por favor - please el hotel - the hotel Tiene...? - Have you got...? una habitacin - a room doble - double individual - single el bao - the bathroom Para cuntos das? - For how many days? Tengo una reserva - I have a reservation Su nombre? - Your name? Su pasaporte? - Your passport? Qu va a tomar? - What would you like? un bocadillo - a filled roll una tortilla espaola - a Spanish omelette unas patatas fritas - chips de primero - as first course de segundo - as second course

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el men - the menu Para beber? - And to drink? una cerveza - a beer un vino tinto - a glass of red wine un vaso de agua - a glass of water la cuenta - the bill Hay... por aqu? - Is there... around here? un supermercado - a supermarket una farmacia - a chemist's abierto - open cerrado - closed Tiene...? - Have you got...? Qu talla? - What size? grande - big pequeo - small Cunto cuesta? - How much does it cost? Algo ms? - Anything else? Perdn - Excuse me Dnde est? - Where is? todo recto - straight ahead enfrente - opposite a la izquierda - on the left a la derecha - on the right Est cerca - It's nearby Est lejos - It's far away un billete para... - a ticket to... de ida - one way de ida y vuelta - return Soy principiante. - Im a beginner. Tengo un nivel...medio/avanzado. - I'm intermediate/advanced.

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Common phrases (English Spanish)

Can you help me? - Me puede ayudar?; Me ayuda por favor? Do you speak English? - Hablas ingls? Do you understand English? - Entiende el ingls? Good afternoon - Buenas tardes Good-bye. - Adis. Good evening - Buenas noches Good morning - Buenos dias Good night - Buenas noches Happy birthday! - Feliz cumpleaos! Happy New Year! - Feliz Ao Nuevo! Hello - hola! Help me please. - Aydeme por favor. How? - Cmo? How are you? - Cmo ests? How do you say...? - Cmo se dice...? How much does it cost? - Cunto es? How old are you? - Cuntos aos tienes? I am... - Estoy... I am called...(My name is...) - Me llamo... I am from... - Soy de... I am fine. - Estoy bien. I am happy. - Estoy alegre. I am hungry. - Tengo hambre. I am lost. - Estoy perdido. I am sad. - Estoy triste. I am sick. - Estoy enfermo. I don't know. - No lo s. I don't like it. - No me gusta. I don't speak Spanish. - No hablo espaol. I don't understand. No entiendo. - No comprendo. I have... - Tengo... I like it. - Me gusta. I love you. - Te amo. I need a doctor. - Necesito un mdico. I would like... - Me gustaria... maybe - quiz My name is... - Me llamo... Nice to meet you. - Encantado de conocerle. Mucho gusto. no - no please - por favor Pleased to meet you. - Encantado de conocerle. Please help me. - Aydeme, por favor. Please repeat that. - Podria repetir, por favor? See you later. - Hasta luego. Thank you. - Gracias. what - qu

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What is your name? - Cmo te llamas? What time is it? - Que hora es? ?? when - cundo where - dnde which - cul Where are you from? - De dnde eres? Where is the bathroom? - Donde esta el bao? ?? who - quin ?? why - por qu yes - si You're welcome. - De nada.

Conversation practice
Who's there? - Quin es? What is your name? - Cmo te llamas? What is your mother's name? - Cmo se llama tu madre? What is your father's name? - Cmo se llama tu padre? How do you spell your name? - Cmo se escribe tu nombre? How are you? - Cmo est? Where are you from? - De dnde viene? Where do you live? - Dnde vives? Where were you born? - Dnde naci usted? How old are you? - Cuntos aos tienes? Do you have brothers or sisters? - Tienes t hermanos o hermanas? Do you have any pets (animals) at home? - Tiene usted mascotas en casa? How many people are in your family? - Cuntas personas hay en tu familia? What is your telephone number? - Cul es su nmero de telfono? What time is it? - Qu hora es? What day is it today? - Qu da es hoy? What day was yesterday? - Qu da fue ayer? What day is tomorrow? - Qu da es maana? What is the date? - Cul es la fecha de hoy?

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When do you eat lunch? - A qu hora comes t el almuerzo? What's the weather like? - Qu tiempo hace? How many are there? - Cunto hay? How much is that? - Cunto cuesta eso? or Cunto es? What color is this? - Qu color es? What is your favorite color? - Cul es tu color favorito? What is this? - Qu es esto? Do you have any questions? - Tiene algunas preguntas? Do you understand? - Entiende? or Comprende? Can you repeat that, please? - Me lo repite, por favor? Do you speak English? - Hablas ingls? Where is it? - Dnde est? Where are you going? - Adnde va usted? Why is that? - Y eso por qu? Why not? - Por qu no? Whose is that? - De quin es eso? What would you like? - Qu desea? Can you help me please? - Puede usted ayudarme, por favor? Where is the bathroom? - Dnde esta el bao?

Greetings
Hola - Hello, hi Hola, al, jal, bueno, al, diga - Hello (on the telephone). - varies with location. Adis - Goodbye (An informal alternative in some areas is chau from Italian). Cmo ests? Cmo est? - How are you? Muy bien, gracias - Very well, thank you Buenos das - Good day, good morning (sometimes a shortened form, buen da, is used.) Buenas tardes - Good afternoon (also used in the early evening) Buenas noches - Good night (can be used as a greeting as well as a farewell).

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Cmo te va? Cmo le va? Qu tal? Qu hay? - How's it going? What's happening? Qu pasa? - What's happening? Qu hubo? Qu onda? - How is it going? What's happening? (common in Mexico). Cmo te llamas? Cmo se llama usted? - What's your name? Me llamo - My name is ... Mucho gusto. Encantado. - It's a pleasure to meet you. Bienvenido, bienvenida, bienvenidos, bienvenidas Welcome (Note the difference in number and gender. Bienvenido would be used with a man, bienvenida with a woman, bienvenidas with a group of all females, and bienvenidos with males or a mixed group).

Numbers
There are two kinds of numbers: cardinal and ordinal. Cardinal numbers are the numbers used for counting:

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

cero uno/a dos tres cuatro cinco seis siete ocho nueve

10 diez 11 once 12 doce 13 trece 14 catorce 15 quince 16 diecisis 17 diecisiete 18 dieciocho 19 diecinueve 20 veinte 21 veintiuno/a 22 veintids 30 treinta 31 treinta y uno/a

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40 cuarenta 50 cincuenta 60 sesenta 70 setenta 80 ochenta 90 noventa 100 cien(to) 101 ciento uno 200 doscientos/as 300 trescientos/as 400 cuatrocientos/as 500 quinientos/as 600 seiscientos/as 700 setecientos/as 800 ochocientos/as 900 novecientos/as 1.000 mil 1.500 mil quinientos 2.000 dos mil 1.000.000 un milln Uno in compound numbers loses the -o before masculine nouns, whether singular or plural: treinta y un das (thirty-one days). Dates (months and years) are cardinal numbers in Spanish, except for the first of the month: El 9 (nueve) de marzo de 1995 (mil novecientos noventa y cinco) (the ninth of October, 1995); BUT Hoy es el primero de octubre (Today is October first). Note that Spanish reverses the English usage of commas and periods in numbers: 1.250 kilmetros = 1,250 kilometers; 1,25 litros = 1.25 liters.

Ordinal Numbers
primer(o)/a - first segundo/a - second tercer(o)/a - third cuarto/a - fourth quinto/a - fifth sexto/a - sixth sptimo/a - seventh octavo/a - eighth noveno/a - ninth dcimo/a - tenth

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After ten, cardinal numbers are generally used to indicate the ordinals: Alfonso Trece (Alfonso the Thirteenth); el siglo veinte (the twentieth century).

Vocabulary (grouped by topics)

Days of the week

Sunday - domingo Monday - lunes Tuesday - martes Wednesday miercoles Thursday - jueves Friday - viernes Saturday - sabado

Months of the year

January - enero February febrero March - marzo April - abril May - mayo June - junio July - julio August - agosto September - septiembre October - octubre November - noviembre December - diciembre

Shapes - Las Formas

arch - el arco block - el cubo circle - el crculo cone - el cono crescent - creciente cube - el cubo cylinder - el cilindro diamond - rombo ellipse - la elipse

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hemisphere - el hemisferio hexagon - el hexgono octagon - el octgono orb - el orbe oval - el valo pentagon - el pentgono polygons - polgonos pyramid - la pirmide . point - el punto rectangle - el rectngulo semicircle - semicirculo shapes - las formas sphere - esfera spiral - el espiral square - el cuadrado star - la estrella trapezoid - trapezoide triangle - el tringulo wedge - la cua zigzag - el zigzag

Adjectives
afraid - asustado alike - parecido/parecida all - todo angry - enojado asleep - dormido beautiful - bella (female), bello (male) big - grande black - negro blue - azul bright - luminoso brown - marrn clean - limpio closed - cerrado cute - linda (female), lindo (male) dirty - sucio early - temprano empty - vaco/vaca every - cada fast - rpido fat - gordo/gorda frightened - asustado full - lleno/llena gray - gris green - verde happy - contenta/contento healthy - saludable hot - caliente hungry - hambriento large - grande last - ltimo/ltima late - tarde

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left - izquierda loud - fuerte little - pequeita/pequeito lost - perdido less - menos mad - enojado many - muchos more - ms narrow - estrecho, angosto open - abierto orange - anaranjado outdoors - al aire libre over - sobre pink - rosa, rosado purple - morado quiet - callado/callada red - rojo sad - triste scared - asustado, temeroso slow - lenta/lento small - pequea/pequeo sick - enferma/enfermo short - baja/bajo tall - alta/alto thin - delgado ugly - feo unhappy - infeliz upside down - a revs violet - violeta white - blanco wide - ancho yellow - amarillo young - joven

Verbs
to be afraid - tener miedo break - romper burn - quemarse clap - aplaudir cry - llorar dance - bailar draw - dibujar drink - beber, tomar eat - comer erase - borrar exercise - ejercicio to fish - pescar fly - volar give - dar hear - or jog - trotar juggle - hacer juegos malabares jump - saltar

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kneel - arrodillarse knit - tejer laugh - rer leak - tener goteras learn - aprender to love - amar (to send by) mail - enviar par correo paint - pintar play - jugar pull - tirar push - empujar rake - rastrillar read - leer receive - recibir run - correr scare - susto scream - gritar see - ver sew - coser sing - cantar sit - sentarse sleep - dormir smile - la sonrisa speak - hablar staple - sujetar con grapa stop - parar talk - hablar teach - ensear thank - agradecer, dar las gracias think - pensar throw - tirar, aventar, echar tickle - hacer cosquillas understand - comprender walk - caminar, andar wave - saludar a alguien con la mano weep - llorar wiggle - contonear, menear (make a) wish - pedir un deseo work - trabajar write - escribir yell - gritar

Prepositions
above - arriba de, sobre around - alrededor de behind - detrs de between - entre in - en in front of - delante de inside - dentro

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on top of - encima de over - sobre under - debajo de

Animals
alligator - el caimn animals - los animales ant - la hormiga antelope - el antlope antler - el asta ape - el mono aquarium - el acuario barn - el establo bat - el murcilago beak - el pico bear - el oso beaver - el castor bee - la abeja beetle - el escarabajo bird - el pjaro blackbird - el mirlo bluebird - azulejo buffalo - el bfalo bug - bicho bunny - el conejito butterfly - la mariposa bull - el toro cage - la jaula camel - el camello canary - el canario cat - el gato caterpillar - la oruga chick - el pollito chicken - el pollo chimpanzee - el chimpanc chipmunk - la ardilla listada cicada - la cigarra claw - la zarpa, la garra cobweb - la telaraa cocoon - el capullo coral - coralino cow - la vaca coyote - el coyote crab - el cangrejo crane - la grulla crocodile - el cocodrilo crow - el cuervo deer - el venado dinosaur - el dinosaurio dog - el perro

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doghouse - perrera dolphin - el delfn donkey - el burro dove - la paloma dragon - el dragn dragonfly - la liblula duck - el pato duckling - el patito eagle - el guila earthworm - lombriz de tierra eel - la anguila egg - el huevo elephant - el elefante elk - alce farm - la granja/la finca feather - la pluma fin - la aleta fish - el pez, el pescado fish bowl - la pecera to fish - pescar fishing rod - caa de pescar flamingo - el flamenco fly - la mosca fox - el zorro frog - la rana gazelle - la gacela giraffe - la jirafa goat - la cabra goose - el ganso gorilla - el gorila grasshopper - el saltamontes hamster - la marmota, la rata del trigo hedgehog - el erizo hen - la gallina hippopotamus - el hipoptamo hive - la colmena hog - el cerdo honeycomb - el panal de miel horn - el cuerno hornet - avispn horse - el caballo horseshoe - la herradura hummingbird - el colibr hyena - la hiena hoof - el casco insect - el insecto jaguar - el jaguar jay - el arrendajo jellyfish - la medusa kangaroo - el canguro kitten - el gatito koala - el koala ladybug - la mariquita lamb - el cordero lion - el len lizard - la lagartija

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llama - la llama lobster - la langosta macaw - el guacamayo mammal - el mamfero mammoth - el mamut marsupial - el marsupial mermaid - la sirena monkey - el mono monster - el monstruo moose - el alce mosquito - el mosquito, el zancudo moth - la polilla/la mariposa nocturna mouse el ratn muskrat el ratn almizclero mutt - el bobo nandu - and nest - el nido net - la red newt - el tritn octopus - el pulpo orangutan - el orangutn ostrich - el avestruz otter - la nutria owl - el bho, la lechuza parrot - el loro, el papagayo peacock - el pavo real penguin - el pingino pet - el animal domstico pig - el cerdo pigeon la paloma/pichn pupa - la crislida puppy - el cachorro quail - la codorniz quetzal - el quetzal rabbit - el conejo raccoon - el mapache rat - la rata reindeer - el reno rhinoceros - el rinoceronte roach - la cucaracha roadrunner - el correcamino robin - el petirrojo rooster - el gallo scorpion - el alacrn sea gull - la gaviota seahorse - caballito de mar seal - la foca shark - el tiburn sheep - la oveja, carnero shell - concha shrimp - el camaron skeleton - el esqueleto skull - el crneo snail - el caracol snake - la culebra/la serpiente spider - la araa

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squid - el calamar sponge - la esponja squirrel - la ardilla stable - el establo stingray - raya swan - el cisne tadpole - el renacuajo tail - la cola tern - golondrina tiger - el tigre toad - el sapo toucan - el toucan trunk - la trompa turtle - la tortuga unicorn - el unicornio vulture - el buitre walrus - el walrus wasp - la avispa weasel - comadreja web - telaraa, tela de araa whale - la ballena wolf - el lobo woodpecker - el pjaro carpintero worm - el gusano yak - yac zebra - la cebra zoo - el parque zoolgico zoologist - zologo

Family - Familia
father - pap mother - mam father - el padre mother - la madre fathers or parents - los padres son - hijo daughter - hija sons, sons and daughters, or children - los hijos brother - hermano sister - hermana brothers, or brothers and sisters - los hermanos godfather - padrino godmother - madrina husband - esposo wife - esposa

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Relationships

Estoy enamorado/estoy enamorada - I am in love Tengo novio - I have a boyfriend, sweetheart Tengo novia - I have a girlfriend, sweetheart Te mando una carta - I send a card to you Le mando una carta - I send a card to her/him Querido Juan - Dear John Querida Mara - Dear Mary Por qu no me escribes? - Why don't you write to me? Te echo de menos - I miss you Me echas de menos? - Do you miss me? Ests enfadada? - Are you angry? Te quiero. Te amo - I love you Me quieres? Me amas? - Do you love me? Estoy celoso - I am jealous Te adoro apasionadamente - I adore you passionately Te quiero con toda mi alma - I love you with all my soul Quireme o me muero! - Love me or I shall die! Eres mi hroe/herona - You are my hero/heroine Con cario - With affection Cariosamente - Affectionately Con amor - With love Besos - Kisses Abrazos - Hugs

Personality
ambitious - ambicioso annoying - pesado argumentative, quarrelsome - discutidor bad-tempered - malhumorado big-headed - credo, engredo bitchy - de mala leche, venenoso; brave - valiente cantankerous - cascarrabias carefree - despreocupado careless - descuidado, poco cuidadoso cautious - prudente, cauteloso, cauto; charming - encantador cheerful - alegre, jovial; conceited, full of oneself - presumido conservative - conservador conventional - convencional cowardly - cobarde crazy, nuts - loco, chiflado

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cruel - cruel dull, boring - soso, aburrido flirtatious - coqueta friendly - amigable, simptico, agradable generous - generoso hard-working - trabajador honest - honesto kind - amable laid-back - tranquilo, relajado lazy - perezoso, vago loyal - fiel mean - tacao modest - modesto moody - de humor cambiante naive - ingenuo, inocentn naughty - (children) malo, travieso (nios) narrow-minded - de mentalidad cerrada, intolerante open-minded - de actitud abierta, sin prejuicios pious - piadoso polite - corts, educado proud - orgulloso reliable - fiable, confiable: es una persona en la que se puede confiar self-confident: to be self-confident seguro de s mismo: tener confianza en s mismo selfish - egosta sensible - sensato, prudente; sensitive - sensible shy, introverted - tmido, vergonzoso - introvertido strict - estricto, severo, riguroso stubborn - terco, testarudo, tozudo sympathetic (understanding) - comprensivo talkative - conversador, hablador trustworthy - digno de confianza two-faced, false - falso weird - raro, extrao

Colours
amarillo - yellow anaranjado - orange azul - blue blanco - white dorado - golden gris - gray marrn - brown

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negro - black prpura - purple rojo - red rosado - pink verde - green beige, beis - beige cereza - cherry-colored chocolate - chocolate-colored esmerelda - emerald grana - dark red humo - smoky lila - lilac malva - mauve mostaza - mustard-colored naranja - orange oro - gold paja - straw-colored rosa - pink turquesa - turquoise violeta violet

What color is it? - Que color es este? What is your favorite colour? - Cul es tu color favorito?

Note that the form changes depending on the number and gender of what's being described: Tengo un coche amarillo. (I have one yellow car.) Tiene dos coches amarillos. (He has two yellow cars.) Tienes una flor amarilla. (You have a yellow flower.) Tenemos diez flores amarillas. (We have ten yellow flowers.)

Body parts
arm - el brazo

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back - la espalda backbone - la columna vertebral brain - el cerebro, el seso breast, chest - el pecho buttocks - las nalgas calf - la pantorrilla ear - el odo, la oreja elbow - el codo eye - el ojo finger - el dedo foot - el pie hair - el pelo hand - la mano head - la cabeza heart - el corazn hip - la cadera intestine - el intestino knee - la rodilla leg - la pierna liver - el hgado mouth - la boca muscle - el msculo neck - el cuello nose - la nariz penis - el pene shoulder - el hombro skin - la piel stomach (abdomen) - el vientre stomach (internal organ) - el estmago thigh - el muslo throat - la garganta

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toe - el dedo tongue - la lengua tooth - el diente, la muela vagina - la vagina

Physical appearance
He has blue eyes = tiene los ojos azules He is bald = Es calvo face - la cara/el rostro facial features - rasgos she has a thin face - tiene la/una cara delgada an oval face - una cara ovalada round face - una cara redonda clean-shaven - bien afeitado bloated face - una cara hinchada/abotagada/abotargada cherubic face - una cara angelical chubby face - una cara regordete chubby-cheeked - mofletudo chubby/podgy face - una cara rechoncha, regordete, gordinflona he had a weather-beaten face - tena un rostro curtido face lift - un lifting, un estiramiento facial she has freckles - tiene pecas, es pecosa spots/pimples - granos blackheads - espinillas moles - lunares warts - verrugas wrinkles - arugas rosy cheeks - mejillas sonrosadas acne - acne birthmark - un antojo/una mancha de nacimiento double chin - una papada hollow cheeks - las mejillas hundidas dimple - un hoyuelo smooth-cheeked/smooth-faced - lampio deadpan face - una cara de pquer/de palo doleful face - una cara compungida sad face - una cara triste serious face - una cara seria smiling face - una cara sonriente happy face - una cara alegre smooth-cheeked/smooth-faced - lampio go red in the face (with anger/heat) - ponerse colorado/rojo go red/to blush (with embarassment) - sonrojarse/ruborizarse he looks worried parece preocupado frightened asustado surprised sorprendido smile una sonrisa smirk una sonrisita frown el ceo fruncido nose = la nariz

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bulbous nose - una nariz protuberante hooked nose - una nariz aguilea big nose - una nariz grande turned-up/snub nose - una nariz respingona a pointed nose - una nariz puntiaguda a flat nose/a pug nose - una nariz chata a lopsided nose - una nariz ladeada/torcida a hooter/conk (fam) - una napia flare your nostrils/to snort - resoplar/bufar

Weather
When talking about the weather in Spanish use "hace" and "hay"instead of English "to be" It is sunny - Hace sol It is hot - Hace calor It is very windy - Hace / Hay mucho viento

Talking about weather

whats the weather like? - "qu tiempo hace?" or "cmo est el tiempo?" tomorrow will be dry - maana har tiempo seco theres been a change in the weather - ha cambiado el tiempo lets hope the weather holds out - esperemos que no nos falle el tiempo the weather spoiled our plans - el tiempo nos estrope los planes it looks like it's going to rain - parece que va a llover the bad weather is still with us - seguimos con mal tiempo the garden could do with a bit of rain - al jardn le vendra bien que lloviera un poco you get better weather on the south coast - en la costa sur hace mejor tiempo; weather permitting - si hace buen tiempo were hoping for good weather while were on holiday - esperamos tener buen tiempo durante las vacaciones I dont like the look of the weather - no me gusta cmo se est poniendo el tiempo

breeze - una brisa clap of thunder, a thunderclap - un trueno clear sky/day - un cielo/da despejado clear up - despejar climate - el clima cloud - una nube cloudburst - un chaparrn cloudburst - un chaparrn, un aguacero cold front - un frente fro damp - hmedo

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degree - grado depression - una depresin atmosfrica, una borrasca dew - el roco , el sereno downpour - un chaparrn, un turbin drizzle / to drizzle (nm) - llovizna / lloviznar flash of lightning - un relmpago flashes of lightning - un relampagueo flood - una inundacin flood (v) - inundar fog -la niebla force nine gale - vientos de fuerza nueve forked lightning - una culebrina frost - escarcha frost (v) - helar frosty night - una noche de helada gale - un viento fuerte, una vendaval gale-force winds - los vientos de tormenta gust of wind - una racha hail (v) - granizar hailstones - los granizos, las piedras de granizo hailstorm - una granizada haziness - la nebulosidad, lo neblinoso he was struck by lightning - le cay un rayo heat wave - una ola de calor hot - clido humid - hmedo humidity - la humedad hurricane - un huracn instability/changeability - inestabilidad its cloudy - hace nubes or est nublado its drizzling - est lloviznando its foggy - hay niebla its frosty - est helado its hot - hace calor its misty - hay neblina its muggy / clammy / close - est abochornado its raining - est lloviendo its sleeting - cae aguanieve its snowing - est nevado its sunny - hace sol its windy - hace viento, est ventoso It's chilly today - hace fresquito hoy light covering of snow - una fina capa de nieve low/high-pressure - de bajas/altas presiones mist - la neblina rain (v) - llover rain -la lluvia scattered showers - chubascos aislados sea breeze - una brisa marina sea mist - la bruma shower - un chaparrn, un chubasco sleet - aguanieve f. sleet showers - chubascos de aguanieve snow - la nieve snow (v) - nevar snowball - una bola de nieve

32

storm - una tormenta, un temporal stormy day - un da tormentoso streak of lightning - un rayo sun - el sol sunny day - un da soleado sunny spell - un claro sunstroke - insolacin temperature - la temperatura thaw - un deshielo thaw (v) - deshelar thunder - los truenos thundercloud - un nubarrn to become muggy - abochornarse to rain cats and dogs - llover a cntaros to ride out the storm - capear el temporal turbulence - la turbulencia unsettled weather - un tiempo revuelto weather - el tiempo weather forecast - la previsin del tiempo para maana weather vane - una veleta wind - el viento

Grammar
Regular Verbs
In spanish there are three different kinds of regular verbs, these can be characterized by the ending of the infinitive. -ar -er -ir

An infinative is represented in the english language by the word to: to be, to have, to learn, to speak, and to buy. These are all infinitive forms of english verbs. The following table lists the conjugation for these Regular Verbs, with examples for each. llamar yo llamo tu llamas el/ella llama nosotros llamamos vosotros llamis ellos/ellas llaman comer como comes come comemos comis comen abrir abro abres abre abrimos abrs abren

Irregular Verbs
Present Tense ir voy vas hacer hago haces estar estoy ests

yo tu

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el / ella nosotros vosotros ellos / ellas

va vamos vais van

hace est hacemos estamos hacis estis hacen estn

Note: For more info about verbs look under: Tenses

Articles
The definite article (artculo definido) agrees in gender and number with the noun it modifies and has four forms: Masculine Feminine el (singular) la (singular) los (plural) las (plural)

Examples: el ro (the river); los refrescos (the refreshments); la guitarra (the guitar); las faltas (the mistakes). Definite articles are often used in Spanish where English would omit them, for example: 1) with abstract nouns: El amor es una fuerza irresistible (Love is an irresistible force) 2) with nouns used in a general sense: Prefiero los caballos (I prefer horses) 3) with parts of the body and articles of clothing: Tengo el brazo roto (I have a broken arm) 4) with titles, except in direct address: El seor Garca est aqu (Mr. Garcia is here) but Buenos das, seor Garca (Hello, Mr. Garcia) Neuter article (artculo neutro) lo can be used before an adjective (or a past participle used adjectivally) to make it function as a noun: lo humano (that which is human); lo dicho (that which has been said). Note: Do not confuse the neuter article lo with the masculine singular direct object pronoun lo: Lo vi en la calle (I saw it in the street). The indefinite article (artculo indefinido): un for the masculine singular and una for the feminine singular. It agrees with the noun it modifies: un mdico bueno (a good doctor); una lengua bella (a beautiful language). The plural forms unos and unas mean some or a few: Tengo unos libros buenos (I have some good books); Dnos unas naranjas, por favor (Give us some oranges, please). Note:For feminine nouns beginning with a stressed a sound use the masculine definite article in the singular e.g.: El alma es un fin, no un medio (The soul is an end, not a means); but Las almas quieren hacerse inmortales (Souls long to become immortal).

Gender
The nouns in Spanish can have either of 2 genders (gnero): masculine (masculino) or feminine (femenino).

The gender of many nouns can be determined by their meaning or their ending. The gender

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of other nouns must be learned individually. The best way to memorize the gender of words is to memorize the article when learning a new word.

la chica (the girl) feminine el hombre (the man) masculine In general masculine nouns end in -o and feminine nouns end in -a; but watch out for exceptions: el da (the day), la mano (the hand), and masculine nouns ending in -ma (of Greek derivation): el idioma (the language); el poema (the poem); el clima (the climate).

El polica mat a tiros al ladrn (The policeman gunned down the thief); La actriz se vea pobre y sin amigos (The actress found herself poor and friendless). Nouns ending in -ista are masculine, unless referring to a woman: un comunista (a communist); un pianista ( pianist). Nouns ending in -ad, -ud, -in are feminine: la ciudad (the city); la juventud (youth); la direccin (the address).

In Spanish, nouns, pronouns, adjectives and articles are gender-related. Ella compr una casa bonita (She bought a pretty house). Plural nouns of mixed gender take the masculine: Los nios estn enfermos (The children are ill). Knowing the gender of every noun is important not only for the noun itself, but for the spelling and pronunciation of the words it influences in a sentence: adjectives, articles, participles, and pronouns. They agree in the gender and in the number with the noun.

Plurals
The plural of nouns and adjectives is regularly formed by adding -s to words ending in a vowel and -es to words ending in a consonant: Tiene los ojos negros (He has dark eyes); Prefiero las canciones de cuna (I prefer lullabies). Words ending with z change to c in the plural: Encienda la luz (Turn on the light); Desde aqu podemos ver las luces de la ciudad (From here we can see the lights of the city).

Contractions
There are only two contractions (contracciones) in Spanish: al and del. Al = a (to, for, at by) + el (masculine article)

35

Vamos al mercado (Let's go to the store); Al entrar en la clase, la profesora comenz a hablar (Upon entering the classroom, the professor began to speak). Del = de (of, from, with) + el (masculine article): Qu piensas del nuevo profesor? (What do you think of the new teacher?). Note: The preposition a and de does not contract with the personal pronoun l: Se lo doy a l (I give it to him).

Adjectives
An adjective (adjetivo) agrees in gender and number with the noun it describes. Like nouns, adjectives generally end in -o for the masculine (plural -os) and -a for the feminine (plural -as): un libro bueno (a good book); muchos estudiantes (many students); una costumbre francesa (a French custom); otras habitaciones (other rooms). Some adjectives whose masculine singular ends in a consonant form the feminine by adding -a: un muchacho francs (a French boy); una muchacha francesa (a French girl); un baile encantador (a charming dance); una cancin encantadora (a charming song). Other adjectives ending in a consonant have the same form for both masculine and feminine: un hombre joven (a young man), una mujer joven (a young woman); unos bailes populares (some popular dances), unas canciones populares (some popular songs). In Spanish adjectives are used usually after the nouns t(unlike English): un da lluvioso (a rainy day). When used before the noun, such adjectives change meaning, acquiring a less literal sense: Hay que dar limosna a un hombre pobre (One must give alms to a poor man); but El pobre hombre est con un pie en la fosa (The poor guy has one foot in the grave). Adjectives precede the nouns they modify whenever they: 1) express an essential or characteristic quality: la dulce miel (the sweet honey; las verdes hojas (the green leaves); 2) point out, limit or quantify: este hombre (this man); su marido (her husband); menos caliente (less hot); dos lecciones (two lessons).

Adjectives can be used as nouns, in which case they take a definite article: Los ricos tambin tienen sus problemas (Rich people have their problems, too). Adjectives are occasionally used adverbially: Vive feliz en la ciudad (He lives happily in the city).

Adverbs
Many adverbs (adverbios) are formed from adjectives, by adding the suffix -mente to the feminine singular form: Ella es muy rica (She is very rich); Est ricamente vestida (She is richly dressed). In a series of adverbs, only the last one takes the -mente suffix, while the other adverbs

36

have the form of feminine adjectives: Escribe clara, rpida y correctamente (She writes clearly, quickly and correctly).

Comparison
The comparative (comparativo) of an adjective or adverb is formed by preceding it with ms (more) or menos (less): Esta leccin es ms fcil (This lesson is easier); Lo puedo hacer ms fcilmente (I can do it more easily). The superlative (superlativo) of an adjective is formed by adding the definite article to the comparative form: Esta leccin es la ms fcil (This lesson is the easiest one). The superlative of an adverb is expressed by adding the neuter article lo to the comparative form: lo ms fcilmente (the most easily). The superlative of a noun is expressed by mejor (best) and peor (worst) preceded by the appropriate definite article: la mejor respuesta (the best answer). The absolute sperlative (superlativo absoluto) of an adjective indicates a high degree of some quality, rather than a comparison. It is formed by adding the suffix -simo/a to the adjective or adverb: Es una mujer riqusima (She is an extremely wealthy woman); Esta riqusimamente vestida (She is very richly dressed).

Ser and Estar

Ser and estar both mean to be. Ser is used to express what something is, while estar expresses where or how it is: Nosotros ramos buenos amigos (We were good friends); Miguel est en la oficina (Michael is in the office); Pablo est enfermo (Paul is sick). Estar is also used with the present participle to form the progressive tenses, present and past. Examples: Juan est estudiando (John is studying); Ellos estaban bailando el tango (They were dancing the Tango).

T and Usted
T (the plural vosotros/as is used exclusively in Spain) is the second person pronoun (English "you"). It is used for the familiar form of address when speaking to family members, close friends, children and pet animals: Te sientes bien? (Do you feel okay?). The polite form of the second person pronoun is usted (plural ustedes for both masculine and feminine). It derives from the phrase Vuestra Merced (Your Grace), and is therefore abbreviated either Vd. or Ud. (plural Vds. or Uds.). Although it indicates the second person mode of address, usted is conjugated with third person verb forms (English "he/she/it"). This

37

lends a respectful sense of distance to the conversation: Sigue Ud. estudiando el espaol? (Do you continue studying Spanish?).

Prepositions
Prepositions (preposiciones) are the connecting words that show the relationships between words in the sentence. Nouns, pronouns, noun phrases, gerunds or noun clauses can be the complement of the prepositions: Simple prepositions in Spanish include the following: a con contra de desde durante en entre hacia hasta para por sin sobre tras to, at with against of, from from, since during in, on between toward until for, in order to for, by without over after

Vamos a Madrid. We are going to Madrid. Viene con su hermano. - She's coming with her brother. Quiero gasolina sin plomo. - I want unleaded gasoline.

Conjunctions
Conjunctions (conjunciones) join words, phrases and clauses together. The most commonly used conjunction in Spanish is y (and). con su espada y con su pluma (with his sword and his pen)

Other commonly used conjunctions: o ni pero or nor but

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Interjections

An interjection (interjeccin) is a word or expression. Interjections are rarely used in formal or business writing. In print interjection is usually followed by exclamation mark or a coma: Note that in Spanish each interjection uses in front and ! at the end of the word:

ay! -oh!, ouch!

por Dios! -for goodness sakes!

Sentences
A sentence consists of the subject (the topic of the sentence) and the predicate (what is said about the subject). Yo compro suteres en el Rastro. (I buy sweaters in the Rastro.) Yo (I) is the subject of the sentence and compro suteres (buy sweaters) is the predicate. The most common forms of subject are nouns and pronouns Noun phrase and noun clause may be the subject of a sentence: Los nios en la escuela reciclan las latas. (noun phrase) (The children in the school recycle the cans.) Los toros de Pamplona y los muchachos de Pamplona corren rapidamente. (noun clauses) (The bulls of Pamplone and the boys of Pamplona run fast.) The most common form of predicate is one consisting of the verb of action and direct or indirect object:

La nia ve el elefante. (The girl sees the elephant.) Elefante is a direct object of the present tense verb ve.

Possessive Adjectives
The possessive adjectives (adjetivos posesivos) are:

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mi or mo/a - my tu or tuyo/a - your su or suyo/a -his, her, its nuestro/a - our vuestro/a - your su or suyo/a - their Possessive adjectives have a short form when they precede the noun and a longer form when they follow it: mis amigos (my friends); una amiga ma (a female friend of mine). All these forms add -s to form the plural. They agree in gender and number with the noun: mis libros (my books); nuestras cosas (our things).

Note: When referring to clothing, parts of the body, and so on, a definite article is regularly used instead of a possessive adjective: Tiene algo en la mano (He has something in his hand); Pngase Ud. los zapatos (Put on your shoes).

The possessive pronouns (pronombres posesivos) are formed by adding the appropriate definite article to the long form of the possessive adjective:

el mo, la ma, los mos, las mas (mine) el tuyo, la tuya, los tuyos, las tuyas (yours) el suyo, la suya, los suyos, las suyas (his, hers its) el nuestro, la nuestra, etc. (ours) el vuestro, la vuestra, etc. (yours) el suyo, la suya, etc. (theirs)

Possessive pronouns, like possessive adjectives, agree with the thing possessed rather than with the possessor: tus cartas y las mas (your letters and mine); su casa y la nuestra (their house and ours).

Demonstrative Adjectives
The DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVES (adjetivos demostrativos) are:

Masculine Feminine Singular Singular este esta ese esa aquel aquella

Masculine Plural estos esos aquellos

Feminine Plural estas esas aquellas

(this) (that) (that)

Demonstrative adjectives agree in gender and number with the noun they modify: estos libros (these books); esa bicicleta (that bicycle); aquellos edificios (those buildings). Este refers to something near the speaker; ese refers to something at a distance from the

40

speaker but in the vicinity of the person spoken to; aquel refers to something at a distance from both the speaker and the listener. The demonstrative pronouns (pronombres demostrativos) are formed by adding a written accent to the demonstrative adjectives. They agree in gender and number with the nouns the represent: No prefiero esta mesa; quiero aqulla (I don't like this table; I want that one over there). The neuter demonstrative pronouns esto, eso and aquello do not have written accents since there are no neuter demonstrative adjectives with which they might be confused. They always refer to a general idea, a situation, or an indefinite thing, and never have a specific noun antecedent: Qu es esto? (What's this?); La casa es muy pequea, y l no quiere eso (The house is very little, and he doesn't want that).

Pronouns
The personal pronouns (pronombres personales) have different forms depending on whether they are the subject (sujeto), direct object (objeto directo) or indirect object ( objeto indirecto). SUBJECT:

First person: Yo - I nosotros/as - we Second person (familiar) t - you vosotros/as you (plural) Second person (polite) usted - you Udstedes you (plural) Third Person l - he, it ellos - they ella -she ellas they Note: Subject pronouns (with the exception of Ud.) are regularly omitted, since they can be deduced from the conjugated verb forms: Traigo los refrescos (I'm bringing the soft drinks); Tienes razn (You're right). When the subject pronouns are used, it is in order to emphasize or clarify: Yo quiero hacer eso (I want to do that myself); Ella cantaba mientras l tocaba la guitarra (She sang while he played the guitar).

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DIRECT OBJECT:

First person: me (me) nos (us)

Second person (familiar) te (you) os (you) Second person (polite) le, la (you) Third Person lo (him, it) la (her, it) los (them) las (them) los, las (you)

Note: in parts of Spain, le is often used instead of lo for the direct object pronoun meaning him. INDIRECT OBJECT:

First person: me (me) nos (us) Second person (familiar) te (you) os (you) Second person (polite) le (you) les (you) Third Person le (him, her, it) les (them)

Object pronouns (direct and indirect) usually precede the verb, but can be attached to infinitives and present participles, and must be attached to affirmative commands: Lo escribo en espaol (I'm writing it in Spanish); Quiero escribirlo en espaol or Lo quiero escribir en espaol (I want to write it in Spanish); Estoy escribindolo en espaol or Lo estoy escribiendo en espaol (I'm writing it in Spanish); Escrbalo Ud. en ingls (Write it in English). When a verb has two object pronouns, the indirect object is given first. The indirect object pronouns le and les change (for reasons of euphony) to se before lo, la, los and las:

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Deseo drselo a ellos (I want to give it to them); Se lo quiero enviar a ella (I want to send it to her).

Reflexive Pronouns and Verbs

The reflexive pronouns (pronombres reflexivos) are:

First person: me (myself) nos (ourselves)

Second person (familiar) te (yourself) os (yourselves)

Second person (polite) se (yourself) se (yourselves)

Third Person se (him, her, itself) se (themselves)

Reflexive pronouns are always used with reflexive verbs (verbs expressing an action whose subject is also its object, i.e. where the doer acts upon himself). Sometimes the literal meaning of the reflexive pronouns (myself, etc.) can be translated into English, but usually they cannot be translated in isolation from the verb: Me lavo (I wash myself); Me acuesto muy tarde (I go to bed very late); Me quejo del trabajo (I complain about the work); Me acuerdo de eso (I remember that); Ya me voy (I'm going away now). Reflexive pronouns normally precede the conjugated verb, but are attached to the infinitive, the present participle, and affirmative commands: Quiero lavarme (I want to wash up); Estoy lavndome (I am washing myself); Lvense Uds. (Wash yourselves). The reflexive pronouns can also be used in a reciprocal sense, meaning each other: Nos amamos (we love each other); Se escriben todos los das (They write each other every day).

Prepositional Pronouns
The prepositional pronouns are:

First person: m (me) nosotros/as (us)

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Second person (familiar) t (you) vosotros/as (you)

Second person (polite) Ud. (you) Uds.(you)

Third Person l (him, it) ellos (them)

Reflexive s (him/her/it/yourself, themselves/yourselves) Neuter ello Prepositional pronouns are the object of the preposition that they follow: Es demasiado difcil para m (It's too difficult for me); No podemos hacerlo sin ella (We can't do it without her). The neuter pronoun ello is used instead of lo after a preposition, when reference is being made to a general idea that has already been expressed: Tendrs buen xito; no hay ninguna duda de ello (You'll be successful; there's no doubt about it). The prepositional pronouns m, t and s combine with the preposition con (with) to become conmigo, contigo and consigo: Quieres ir conmigo? (Do you want to come with me?); Lo trae consigo (He's bringing it with him).

Relative Pronouns
Relative pronouns (pronombres relativos) introduce a subordinate clause and replace something mentioned earlier in the sentence. They can function as either subject or object pronouns without any change in form. The most common relative pronoun is que: El hombre que est hablando es un amigo mo (The man who is talking is a friend of mine); La leccin que estudias es muy fcil (The lesson that you're studying is quite simple). After a preposition, que is used as the relative pronoun for things, quien or quienes for persons: La habitacin en que vivo es muy cmoda (The room in which I live is very cosy); La mujer de quien hablabas es extranjera (The woman about whom you were speaking is a foreigner). The compound relative pronouns el/la que (plural los/las que) or el/la cual (pl. los/las cuales)

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are used interchangeably after prepositions of more than one syllable, or to avoid confusion and ambiguity: Estos son mis libros, entre los que hay un diccionario de bolsillo (These are my books, among which there is a pocket dictionary); Ayer fu al cine con la madre de Juan, la cual es francesa (Yesterday I went to the cinema with John's mother, who is French). The neuter forms lo que and lo cual are used when the antecedent is a general idea: Siempre dice lo que piensa (He always says what he thinks); Me habl de sus problemas, lo cual no me gust (He spoke to me about his troubles, which didn't please me). The relative pronoun cuyo/a (plural cuyos/as) usually functions as an adjective meaning whose or of which. It can refer to both persons and things, and always agrees in gender and number with the thing possessed rather than with the possessor: Te acuerdas de la nia cuyos padres la abandonaron? (Do you remember the little girl whose parents abandoned her?).

Questions
Interrogatives (interrogativos) ask a question, and are distinguished by their written accents. The most common interrogatives are:

Quin? (Who?) Qu? (What) Cul? (Which?) Cmo? (How?) Cunto?(How much?)

Cuntos? Dnde? Por qu? Para qu? Cundo?

(How many?) (Where?) (Why?) (Why?) (When?)

Qu asks for a definition or description (what?), while cul (plural cules) asks for a choice or distinction (which?): Qu es el alma? (What is the soul?); Cules son tus libros favoritos? (Which are your favorite books?). Used in that way, qu and cul are interrogative pronouns. When an interrogative adjective is required, qu is used for both senses (what? and which?): Qu das vas al hipdromo? (Which days do you go to the racetrack?). Note: Interrogatives are also used in indirect questions, where a question is referred to without being directly asked: No s quin es (I don't know who she is). The direct question was Quin es esa mujer? (Who is that woman?).

Exclamations

Exclamatory words (exclamaciones) also have written accents. The most common one is Qu...! used in front of an adjective, adverb or noun: Qu casa! (What a house!); Qu delicioso! (How delicious!); Qu fcilmente lo haces t! (How easily you do it!). In literary

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usage, Cun...! may replace Qu...!: Cun fcilmente lo haces t! When an adjective follows a noun in this construction, it is preceded by ms (most) or tan (so): Qu casa ms bonita! (What a pretty house!); Qu nios tan alegres! (What happy children!).

Negation
The most common negatives (negativos) are:

no (no, not) nada (nothing) nadie (nobody) ninguno/a (not any)

nunca (never) jams (never) tampoco (neither) ni...ni (neither...nor)

A verb is negated by placing no in front of it: No s (I don't know). When there is an object pronoun in front of the verb, no is placed before the object pronoun: No lo veo (I don't see it). Double negatives are standard in Spanish: No veo a nadie en la calle (I don't see anybody in the street); No tengo ni papel ni pluma (I don't have either paper or pen). Negatives are also used in comparisons: Ella escribe mejor que nadie (She writes better than anybody); Ahora lo necesito ms que nunca (Now I need it more than ever).

Personal A
When the direct object of a verb is a person or a domestic animal, it is preceded by the personal a (la preposicin personal a) which has no English equivalent: Veo a mi amigo (I see my friend); Hay que buscar al perro (We must look for the dog); No invito a nadie (I'm not inviting anyone). The personal a is not used, however, with the verb tener: Tengo un amigo (I have a friend).

Verb Conjugations: Tenses

Spanish verbs belong to one of three conjugations (conjugaciones) which can be distinguished by the endings of the infinitive forms.

First Conjugation Second Conjugation Third Conjugation

-ar: hablar (to talk) -er: comer (to eat) -ir: vivir (to live)

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The form of a verb depends on:

1) its conjugation group 2) its tense (time reference) and mood (intent) 3) the person and number of its subject Spanish has four simple tenses (tiempos simples):

1. Present - presente: hablo (I talk) 2. Future - futuro: hablars (you will talk) 3. Imperfect - pretrito imperfecto: hablaba (she used to talk) 4. Preterite - pretrito indefinido: hablaron (they talked)

There are also four compound tenses (tiempos compuestos):

1. Present perfect - prterito perfecto: hemos comido (we have eaten) 2. Future perfect - futuro perfecto: habris comido (you all will have eaten)

3. Plusperfect or past perfect - pretrito pluscuamperfecto: haban comido (they had eaten) 4.Preterite perfect or past anterior - pretrito anterior: hube comido (I had eaten)

There are four moods (modos) in Spanish: 1. Indicative - indicativo: To express a fact:

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Est en el banco (It's in the bank) 2. Subjanctive - subjuntivo: To express a wish, an emotional attitude, or a doubt: Quiero que Ud. venga (I want you to come) Siento que no venga Ud. (I'm sorry you're not coming) Dudo que venga Ud. (I doubt that you'll come) 3. Conditional - potencial or condicional: expressing the idea of would: Juan no lo hara as (John wouldn't do it that way) 4. Imperative - imperativo: expressing a direct command: Venga Ud. (Come!)

Verb Conjugations: Person and Number

A finite verb agrees in person (persona) and number (nmero) with its subject (the doer of the action), even when the subject is understood without being expressed by a noun or pronoun. There are two numbers: 1. Singular: (Yo) veo a Juan (I see John) (T) debes hacerlo (You must do it) Ud. tiene razn (You're right) (Ella) quiere a su gato (She loves her cat)

2. Plural : (Nosotros) vemos el cielo (We see the sky) (Vosotros) debis trabajar (You all should work) Tienen Uds. dinero? (Do you all have money?) (Ellos) quieren comer (They want to eat)

There are three persons: First person is the speaker, second person is the one spoken to, and third person is the one spoken about. 1. First person (Yo) soy maestro (I'm a teacher) (Nosotros) somos alumnos (We are pupils)

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2. Second person (T) eres guapo (You are good-looking) - singular (Vosotros) sois feos (You all are ugly) - plural Ud. es muy amable (You are very kind) singular, polite form Uds. son muy amables (You all are very kind) plural, polite form NOTE: The usted/ustedes (polite you) form of address is second person but uses third person verb forms, which lends an air of respectful distance on the part of the speaker.

3. Third person (Ella) es trabajadora (She is hard-working) (Ellos) son perezosos (They are lazy)

Present Tense
The present tense (presente) of regular verbs is formed by removing the infinitive ending ( -ar, -er or -ir) and adding personal endings to the verb stem. There is a different set of personal endings for each of the three conjugations: First conjugation (habl-ar) habl-o (I talk) habl-as (you talk) habl-a (she talks) habl-amos (we talk) habl-is (you talk) habl-an (they talk)

Second conjugation (com-er) com-o (I eat) com-es (you eat) com-e (she eats) com-emos (we eat) com-is (you all eat) com-en (they eat)

Third conjugation (viv-ir) viv-o (I live) viv-es (you live) viv-e (she lives) viv-imos (we live) viv-s (you live) viv-en (they live)

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The present tense is commonly used in conversation to refer to actions which will take place in the immediate future: Vengo ms tarde (I'll come later). It is sometimes used in literature to replace the preterite, lending a sense of immediacy to historical narrative: Corts admira la bondad y liberalidad del gran Montezuma (Cortez admired the goodness and generosity of the great Montezuma). This is called the vivid present.

Future Tense
The future tense (futuro) of regular verbs is formed by adding personal endings to the infinitive. The endings are the same for all three conjugations.

hablar- (I will talk) hablar-s(you will talk) hablar- (she will talk hablar-emos hablar-is hablar-n

comer, vivir, etc.

(we will talk) (you all will talk) (they will talk)

In addition to expressing future time, the future tense can express uncertainty or probability in the present: Sern las cinco (It must be about five o'clock).

Imperfect Tense
The imperfect tense (pretrito imperfecto) of regular verbs is formed by removing the infinitive ending (-AR, -ER or -IR) and adding personal endings to the verb stem. There is one set of endings for the first (-AR) conjugation and a second set of endings shared by the second ( -ER) and third (-IR) conjugations.

FIRST CONJUGATION (habl-ar) habl-aba (I was talking) habl-bamos (we were talking) habl-abas (you were talking) habl-abais (you all were talking) habl-aba (she was talking) habl-aban (they were talking) SECOND CONJUGATION (com-er) com-a (I was eating) com-amos (we were eating) com-as (you were eating) com-ais (you all were eating) com-a (she was eating) com-an (they were eating) THIRD CONJUGATION (viv-ir) viv-a (I used to live) viv-amos (we used to live) viv-as (you used to live) viv-ais (you all used to live) viv-a (she used to live) viv-an (they used to live) The imperfect tense is used to describe a situation in the past, or an action which was ongoing or repeated: Eran las once (it was eleven o'clock); Queramos comer bien (We wanted to eat well); Todos los das lleg bamos tarde (We used to arrive late every day).

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Preterite Tense
The Preterite tense (pretrito indefinido) of regular verbs is formed by removing the infinitive ending (-AR, -ER or -IR) and adding personal endings to the verb stem. As with the imperfect tense, there is one set of endings for the first (-AR) conjugation and a second set of endings shared by the second (-ER) and third (-IR) conjugations.

FIRST CONJUGATION (habl-ar) habl- (I talked) habl-amos (we talked) habl-aste (you talked) habl-asteis (you all talked) habl- (she talked) habl-aron (they talked) SECOND CONJUGATION (com-er) com- (I ate) com-imos (we ate) com-iste (you ate) com-isteis (you all ate) com-i (she ate) com-ieron (they ate) THIRD CONJUGATION (viv-ir) viv- (I lived) viv-imos (we lived) viv-iste (you lived) viv-isteis (you all lived) viv-i (she lived) viv-ieron (they lived) The preterite tense narrates an action with a definite beginnning or ending in the past: Comenz a llover (It began to rain); Juan cen conmigo ayer (John ate supper with me yesterday).

The preterite is also used to indicate an event which took place while another action (in the imperfect tense) was ongoing: Dorma cuando llegu (He was sleeping when I arrived).

Perfect Tenses
The COMPOUND TENSES (tiempos compuestos) are formed with the AUXILIARY VERB ( verbo auxiliar) haber and the PAST PARTICIPLE (participio pasivo) of the main verb. The past participle in compound tenses is invariable in form. The PRESENT PERFECT (pretrito perfecto) uses the present tense of the auxiliary verb haber:

he comido (I have eaten) has comido (you have eaten) ha comido (she has eaten) hemos comido (we have eaten) habis comido (you all have eaten) han comido (they have eaten) The FUTURE PERFECT (futuro perfecto) uses the future tense of the auxiliary verb haber:

habr comido (I will have eaten ) habrs comido (you will have eaten) habr comido (she will have eaten)

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habremos comido (we will have eaten) habris comido (you all will have eaten) habrn comido (they will have eaten) The PLUPERFECT or PAST PERFECT (pretrito pluscuamperfecto) uses the imperfect tense of haber:

haba comido (I had eaten) habas comido (you had eaten) haba comido (she had eaten) habamos comido (we had eaten) habais comido (you all had eaten) haban comido (they had eaten) The PRETERITE PERFECT or PAST ANTERIOR (pretrito anterior) uses the preterite tense of haber: hube comido (I had eaten) hubiste comido (you had eaten) hubo comido (she had eaten) hubimos comido (we had eaten) hubisteis comido (you all had eaten) hubieron comido (they had eaten) NOTE: This is strictly a literary tense; in conversation, the preterite or pluperfect is used. The preterite perfect is only found after conjunctions of time, such as cuando (when), despus que (after), apenas (scarcely) or luego que (as soon as): Despus que hube comido, sal (After I had eaten, I went out). The PERFECT INFINITIVE (infinitivo compuesto) is composed of the infinitive of haber and the past participle of the verb: haber comido (to have eaten). The PERFECT PARTICIPLE (gerundio compuesto) is composed of the present participle of haber and the past participle of the verb: habiendo comido (having eaten).

Conditional Mood
The CONDITIONAL MOOD (modo potencial) expresses the idea of would (contingent possibility): Lo hara hoy, pero no tendr tiempo (I would do it today, but I won't have time); Lo habra hecho ayer, pero no tena tiempo (I would have done it yesterday, but I didn't have time); Elena dijo que vendra (Elena said that she would come). It can also be used to express wonderment or doubt in the past, just as the future tense can be used in the present: Qu hora sera cuando desayun ayer? (I wonder what time was it when I ate breakfast yesterday?). The conditional is formed (like the future) by adding a single set of personal endings to the infinitives of all three conjugations. (The endings are identical to those of the imperfect tense of second and third conjugation verbs; the only difference is that those are added to the stem, rather than to the entire infinitive form.)

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hablar-a (I would talk) comera, vivira, etc. hablar-as (you would talk) hablar-a (she would talk) hablar-amos (we would talk) hablar-ais (you all would talk) hablar-an (they would talk) The CONDITIONAL PERFECT (potencial perfecto) is a compound tense using the conditional of the auxiliary verb haber and the past participle of the main verb:

habra comido (I would have eaten) habras comido (you would have eaten) habra comido (she would have eaten) habramos comido (we would have eaten) habrais comido (you would have eaten) habran comido (they would have eaten) NOTE: The conditional is often treated as though it were a tense rather than a mood; strictly speaking, however, the conditional is a mood which has two tenses: a simple tense used when referring to present possibilities, and a compound tense used when referring to possibilities in the past.

Subjunctive Mood
The SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD (modo subjuntivo) is used in independent clauses introduced by que (that) when the main clause expresses a wish, a strong emotional attitude, or an uncertainty: Te ruego que escribas en espaol (I beg you to write in Spanish); Tenan miedo de que ella no volviera (They were afraid that she might not come back); Dudo que sea la verdad (I doubt that it's the truth). The subjunctive is also used for FORMAL COMMANDS, for the negative (only) of INFORMAL COMMANDS, for HORTATORY COMMANDS (English Let's...!) and after IMPERSONAL EXPRESSIONS like es necesario (it is necessary): Tenga Ud. (Here, have this); No hables (Don't talk!); Comamos (Let's eat); Es una lstima que no quiera venir (It's a pity that he doesn't want to come). The PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE is regularly formed by adding one set of personal endings to the stem of -AR verbs and a second set of endings to verbs of the -ER and -IR conjugations:

FIRST CONJUGATION (habl-ar) PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE habl-e (I talk) habl-emos (we talk) habl-es (you talk) habl-is (you talk) habl-e (she talks) habl-en (they talk) SECOND CONJUGATION (com-er) PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE com-a (I eat) com-amos (we eat) com-as (you eat) com-is (you eat) com-a (she eat) com-an (they eat) THIRD CONJUGATION (viv-ir) PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE viv-a (I live) viv-amos (we live) viv-as (you live) viv-is (you live) viv-a (she lives) viv-an (they live) The IMPERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE is formed by adding a set of endings terminating in either -

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RA or -SE (with no difference in usage or meaning) to the verb stem, with one set of endings for first conjugation (-AR) verbs and another set of endings for second (-ER) and third (-IR) conjugation verbs: Esperaba que l llegara/llegase tarde (I was expecting him to arrive late). FIRST CONJUGATION (habl-ar) IMPERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE habl-ara OR habl-ase habl-aras OR habl-ases habl-ara OR habl-ase habl-ramos OR habl-arais OR habl-aranOR habl-asen SECOND CONJUGATION (com-er) (I talked) (you talked) (she talked) habl-semos (we talked) habl-aseis (you all talked) (they talked) IMPERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE

com-iera OR com-iese com-ieras OR com-iera OR com-iese com-iramos OR com-ierais OR com-ieran OR THIRD CONJUGATION (viv-ir)

(I ate) com-ieses (you ate) (she ate) com-isemos (we ate) com-ieseis (you all ate) com-iesen (they ate) IMPERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE

viv-iera OR viv-iese (I lived) viv-ieras OR viv-ieses (you lived) viv-iera OR viv-iese (she lived) viv-iramos OR vivisemos (we lived) viv-ierais OR viv-ieseis (you all lived) viv-ieran OR viv-iesen (they lived) The PERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE is a compound tense formed by the present subjunctive of haber and the past participle of the main verb.

haya comido (I have eaten) hayas comido (you have eaten) haya comido (she has eaten) hayamos comido (we have eaten) hayis comido (you all have eaten) hayan comido (they have eaten) The PLUPERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE is a compound tense formed by the imperfect subjunctive of haber and the past participle of the main verb.

hubiera/hubiese comido (I had eaten) hubieras/hubieses comido (you had eaten) hubiera/hubiese comido (she had have eaten) hubiramos/hubisemos comido (we had eaten) hubierais/hubieseis comido (you had eaten) hubieran/hubiesen comido (they had eaten)

Commands

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Familiar COMMANDS (mandatos), when positive, are expressed by means of the imperative mood. The second person singular (t) forms are identical to the third person singular of the present tense: El nio duerme (The child is sleeping); Duerme t! (Go to sleep!). The second person plural (vosotros) forms are based on the infinitive, with a -d substituted for the final -r: Dormid vosotros! (Go to sleep, all of you!). NEGATIVE familiar commands, both singular and plural, are expressed by the present subjunctive: No duermas t! (Don't go to sleep!). The present subjunctive is used for FORMAL COMMANDS, both positive and negative: Duerma Ud. (Please go to sleep). It is also used for indirect commands (introduced by the conjunction que): Est cansado; que se acueste (He's tired; let him go to bed). For impersonal commands given in a general sense (directions on a bottle or an examination paper, for instance) the impersonal pronoun se is attached to the subjunctive: Agtese antes de usar (Shake before using); Escrbase en espaol (Write in Spanish). Hortatory commands can be expressed either with the subjunctive or with the phrase vamos a and an infinitive: Durmamos (Let's go to sleep); Vamos a dormir (Let's go to sleep). Object pronouns are attached to affirmative commands, but they precede negative and indirect commands: Trigamelo Ud. (Bring it to me); No me lo traiga Ud. (Don't bring it to me); Que lo traiga Juan (Let John bring it).

Passive and Impersonal Constructions

In the PASSIVE VOICE (voz pasiva), the subject is acted upon by an outside agent. When the agent is specified, the passive voice is expressed by: SUBJECT + ser + past participle + por + AGENT

for example: Esta carta fue escrita por un amigo mo (This letter was written by a friend of mine). Since the past participle acts as an adjective, it agrees in gender and number with the subject. If the passive subject is a thing and the agent is not mentioned, then a PASSIVE REFLEXIVE ( pasiva reflexiva) construction is used, with the reflexive pronoun se preceding the verb and the passive subject following it: Aqu se venden cigarrillos (Cigarettes are sold here). Se is also used to form IMPERSONAL CONSTRUCTIONS, with se used as an indefinite subject pronoun similar to the English one or the impersonal you and they. This construction is often difficult-- if not impossible-- to distinguish from the passive reflexive (textbooks differ in their classification of common phrases like Se habla espaol (Spanish is spoken / One speaks Spanish). There are two main criteria to be met: the verb must be in the singular, since se is singular when used as a subject pronoun, and se should be easily translated as one or you: Cmo se va al teatro? (How does one get to the theater?); Cmo se dice eso en espaol? (How do you say that in Spanish?).

Participles and Progressive Tenses

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The PRESENT PARTICIPLE (gerundio) is formed by adding the suffix -ando to the stem of first conjugation (-AR) verbs and -iendo to the stem of second (-ER) and third (-IR) conjugation verbs (or -yendo if the stem ends in a vowel).

habl-ar com-er viv-ir

(to talk) (to eat) (to live)

hablando (talking) comiendo (eating) viviendo (living)

le-er (to read) leyendo (reading) The present participle is used with the verb estar to form the PROGRESSIVE TENSES ( tiempos progresivos), which express an ongoing action: Estoy estudiando espaol (I am studying Spanish); Estabas leyendo el peridico (You were reading the newspaper). The same construction is used with seguir and continuar: Sigue llorando (She keeps on crying); Continuan estudiando (They continue studying). The present participle is also used with the verb ir to express an action which is gradual or incremental: Va mejorando (It is getting better). NOTE: The progressive construction is never used for estar, venir and ir. The PAST PARTICIPLE (participio pasivo) is formed by adding the suffix -ado to the stem of AR verbs, -ido to the stem of -ER and -IR verbs (or -do if the stem ends in a vowel).

cerr-ar (to close) cerrado (closed) perd-er (to lose) perdido (lost) recib-ir (to receive) recibido (received) ca-er (to fall) cado (fallen) When used with the auxiliary verb haber to form compound tenses, the past participle has an invariable ending: Hemos cerrado la tienda (We have closed the store); Habr perdido las llaves (He will have lost the keys); Habas recibido una carta (You had received a letter); Entraron despus de que hubo cado (They entered after she had fallen down). When used adjectivally, however, past participles agree in gender and number with the nouns they modify: La tienda est cerrada (The store is closed); Las llaves estn perdidas (The keys are lost).

Infinitives
The INFINITIVE (infinitivo) is a verb form that is not limited by person or number; to be is an English infinitive. Spanish/English dictionaries always identify a verb by its infinitive. A COMPLEMENTARY INFINITIVE completes the meaning of a preceding conjugated verb: No puedo hablar de eso (I can't talk about that); Quiero comer en un restaurante (I want to eat in a restaurant); Ella piensa vivir con ellos (She intends to live with them). After a preposition, the infinitive form of a verb must always be used: Prefiero leer antes de dormir (I prefer to read before going to sleep). A common temporal expression consists of the contraction al (literally, "at the", but translate

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"upon") together with an infinitive: Al despertar, me di cuenta de lo que haba hecho (Upon awakening, I realized what I had done). Infinitives can be used as VERBAL NOUNS (nombres verbales). When used that way, they are considered to be masculine singular, and may be preceded by the definite article el: El escribir bien es un arte (Writing well is an art); Trabajar es lo que importa (Working is what matters). NOTE: Confusion arises for English-speaking students from the fact that verbal nouns in English have the same form as present participles. In the sentence "Singing is fun", for example, the word "singing" is a verbal noun; but it is a present participle in the sentence "I am singing" (present progressive tense). In Spanish, the first example would use an infinitive (El cantar es agradable), while the second one would use a present participle (Estoy cantando). This confusion is compounded by the fact that English verbal nouns are called gerunds and Spanish present participles are called gerundios. It is advisable, perhaps, to avoid using the terms gerund and gerundio altogether; verbal noun and present participle are unmistakable in their meaning.

Stem-Changing Verbs
Many verbs in Spanish change the spelling of their stems in certain conjugated forms. These verbs can be divided into three major groups:

GROUP 1 Verbs in -AR or -ER that change the stem vowel from E to IE or from O to UE in the indicative and subjunctive moods of the present tense, except in the plurals of the first and second persons ("we" and "you all"). Pensar (to think) INDICATIVE SUBJUNCTIVE pienso piense (I think) piensas pienses (you think) piensa piense (she thinks) pensamos pensemos (we think) pensis pensis (you all think) piensan piensen (they think) Volver (to return) INDICATIVE SUBJUNCTIVE vuelvo vuelva (I return) vuelves vuelvas (you return) vuelve vuelva (she returns) volvemosvolvamos (we return) volvis volvis (you all return) vuelven vuelvan (they return) GROUP 2 Verbs in -IR with the same changes as above, and an additional change of E to I or O to U in

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the third person of the preterite tense, in the first and second person plural forms of the present subjunctive, and in the entire imperfect subjunctive conjugation as well as the present participle.

Sentir, (to feel) Present Indicative: siento, sientes, siente, sentimos, sents, sienten Preterite: sent, sentiste, sinti, sentimos, sentisteis, sintieron Present Subjunctive: sienta, sientas, sienta, sintamos, sintis, sientan Imperfect Subjunctive: sintiera, sintieras, sintiera, sintiramos, sintierais, sintieran Present Participle: sintiendo Dormir, (to sleep) Present Indicative duermo, duermes, duerme, dormimos, dorms, duermen Preterite: dorm, dormiste, durmi, dormimos, dormisteis, durmieron Present Subjunctive: duerma, duermas, duerma durmamos, durmis, duerman Imperfect Subjunctive: durmiera, durmieras, durmiera, durmiramos durmierais, durmieran Present Participle: durmiendo GROUP 3 Verbs in -IR which only change E to I. Pedir (to request)

Present Indicative: pido, pides, pide, pedimos, peds, piden Preterite: ped, pediste, pidi, pedimos, pedisteis, pidieron Present Subjunctive: pida, pidas, pida, pidamos, pidis, pidan Imperfect Subjunctive: pidiera, pidieras, pidiera, pidiramos, pidierais, pidieran Present Participle: pidiendo

Future tense Ir A
The future tense can be expressed by using the construction ir a followed by an infinitive. This construction can also be used with reference to the past, by conjugating ir in the imperfect tense: Voy a cantar (I am going to sing); Iban a bailar (They were about to dance).

False friends
Because some of the words are almost identical in the two languages, its easy to confuse their meanings. It is one of the pitfalls for people learning Spanish. Absoluto & Absolute(ly) Absoluto - absolute, utter, complete. When preceded by en, it means not at all, by no means, no way. Absolute- absoluto. Absolutely - absolutamente, completamente, totalmente.

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Actual & Actual Actual - current or present: El presidente actual vive en Madrid - The current president lives in Madrid. Actualmente - currently, at present, now. Actual - verdadero or efectivo. Actually - realmente, en realidad, en efecto. Aplicar & Apply Aplicar - to apply something, like a theory, paint, or sanctions. Apply - aplicar apply for a job - solicitar or presentar; to apply oneself to - dirigirse a uno; to apply in the sense of be applicable - ser aplicable or interesar. Asistir & Assist Asistir - to attend. Assist - ayudar. Atender & Attend Atender - to attend in Latin America, in Spain - to pay attention to, to heed, care for. Attend - asistir. Billn & Billion Billn - a trillion in US, billion in UK. Billion (amer) - mil millones. (Brit) billn. Bizarro & Bizarre Bizarro - valient, gallant, brave; generous. Bizarre - extrao or raro

Blanco & Blank Blanco white, blank: una pgina blanca - a blank sheet of paper. Blank (adj) en blanco, liso, sin adorno. Campo & Camp Campo means country(side), field, or farm. Camp refers to un campamento. Carpeta & Carpet Carpeta - folder, file, portfolio, briefcase, or table cloth. Carpet - una alfombra, una moqueta. Complexin & Complexion Complexin - constitution, make-up, temperament, physical build. Complexion - la tez, el cutiz, la piel. Compromiso & Compromise Compromiso - obligation, commitment, promise, or agreement. Compromise (n) - una transaccin, una avenencia, unas concesiones recprocas, el trmino medio, la solucin intermedia; (v) - comprometer or transigir.

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Constipacin & Constipation Constipacin, constipado - a cold or catarrh. Constipation - el estreimiento. Contestar & Contest Contestar means to answer or reply. Contest as a verb means impugnar, atacar, disputar, or contender. Corresponder & Correspond Corresponder -to correspond, tally, fit in, match, or belong. Correspond (by mail) - escribirse, estar en correspondencia con. Chocar & Choke Chocar - shock or startle, clink (glasses), shake (hands). Choke - sofocarse or atragantarse. Decepcin/Decepcionar & Deception/Deceive Decepcin - disappointment. Decepcionar - to disappoint. Deception - un engao, un fraude. To deceive - engaar, defraudar.

Delito & Delight Delito - a crime, offence, misdeed. Delight - el placer, el deleite, el encanto, la delicia. To delight - encantar, deleitar. Desgracia & Disgrace Desgracia - misfortune, mishap, accident, setback, bad luck. Disgrace - la deshonra, ignominia. Despertar & Desperate Despertar to wake up Desperate - desesperado. Destituido & Destitute Destituido - devoid of or lacking. Destitute - indigente, desamparado, necesitado, en la miseria. Disco & Disco Disco - disco, disk, discus, traffic-light, or (audio) record. Disco - disco, discoteca, or sala de baile. Disgusto & Disgust Disgusto - annoyance, displeasure, grief, trouble. Disgust - repugnancia , aversin. Educado & Educated

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Educado - well-mannered, polite, cultivated, from the verb educar - to raise, bring up, rear. Educated form of the verb to educate: formar or instruir. Embarazada & Embarrassed Embarazada (adj) pregnant, noun: una embarazada = a pregnant woman, an expectant mother. Embarrassed - avergonzado, molesto, or incmodo. Emocionante & Emotional Emocionante - exciting, thrilling, moving. Emotional - afectivo, emocional, emotivo, sentimental. xito & Exit xito - success: a gran xito - very successful. Exit - una salida.

Fbrica & Fabric Fbrica - factory, plant, or mill. Fabric - el tejido or la tela. Ftbol & Football Ftbol - soccer (in American English). Football - le ftbol americano. Ftil & Futile Ftil - trivial, while Futile - intil, vano, or infructuoso. Insulto & Insult Insulto (Mexico) - indigestion or a stomachache. Insult - insulto. Introducir & Introduce Introducir - introduce a topic. Introduce (a person) - presentar Largo & Large Largo - long, generous, or abundant. Large - grande or importante. Librera & Library Librera - bookstore. Library - una biblioteca. Minorista & Minority

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Minorista (Caribbean and South American) - retail or retail seller. Minority - la minora or, as an adjective, minoritario. Molestar & Molest Molestar - to annoy or bother. Molest - acosar sexualmente. Nombre & Number Nombre - name or noun. Number - un nmero. Once & Once Once - eleven Once - una vez.

Preservativo vs Preservative Preservativo - a condom. Preservative - un conservador. Pretender & Pretend Pretender - claim: Ella pretende ser rica - She claims to be rich. Pretend - fingir or simular. Raro & Rare Raro - rare, but more commonly means odd or strange. Rare - poco comn or excepcional. Real & Real Real - royal. Real - verdadero, autntico, legtimo. Realizar & Realize Realizar - to realize, make real, to attain, or to fulfill. Realize realizar, darse cuenta de, comprender, reconocer. Recordar & Record Recordar - remember, recall, or remind. Record - registrar, inscribir, or grabar. Relativo & Relative Relativo has the same meaning as an adjective, but as a noun it is used only in linguistics. Relative as a noun - pariente or familiar. Revolver & Revolver

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Revolver is a verb: to move around, turn over, revolve, or disturb. Revolver is a noun: un revlver Ropa & Rope Ropa - clothing. Rope - una cuerda or una soga. Salario & Salary Salario - hourly wages, while Salary - fixed earnings per month or year: el sueldo. Sano & Sane Sano - healthy, fit, or intact. Sane - cuerdo, sensato, or de juicio sano. Sensible & Sensible Sensible - sensitive or regrettable. Sensible - juicioso, sensato, or prudente. Sobre - Sober Sobre - envelope or a preposition: on, above, over. Sober - sobrio or sereno. Sopa & Soap Sopa - soup or, informally, a hangover, while Soap - jabn. Soportar & Support Soportar - to bear, carry, support, hold up, or withstand. Support - apoyar, sostener, or mantener. Suceso & Success Suceso - an event, incident, happening, or outcome. Success - un xito or triunfo. Tuna & Tuna Tuna - prickly pear, a student music group, the life of a rogue, and, in Central America, drunkenness. Tuna - el atn. Vaso & Vase Vaso - a glass or tumbler. Vase - un florero or jarrn.

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How to write Spanish characters

How to write the Spanish characters and accents eg, on a non Spanish keyboard? If you didn't buy your computer in a Spanish speaking country then your keyboard won't be set up for Spanish. .

To write a character with alt keys you must have your "num lock" enabled. If you want to write an first we have to know the ASCII code which is alt 164. To write an press and hold the ALT key. While holding down the ALT key, enter the 3-digit decimal code for the extended ASCII character you want to generate (in this case 164) then release the ALT key. You should be able to do this in almost any programme. Here is a list of Spanish characters with their alt numbers. 160 130 161 162 163 144 168 173 166 167 164 165

Note: It is never obligatory to use accents with capital letters.

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hour

Spanish - English Dictionary

Abbreviations used in this dictionary: n - noun, adj - adjective, adv - adverb, v verb, f - feminine, m - masculine, pron pronoun, prep preposition, pl - plural

l litro - liter Lic. licenciado - attorney m metros - m (meters) mm mlimetros - mm (millimeters) m.n. moneda nacional - national currancy (sometimes used to distinguish the national currency from others) N norte - N (north) no., nm. nmero - no (number)

Abreviaturas - Abbreviations a.C. ante de Christo - B.C (before Christ) a. J.C. antes de Jesucristo - B.C. (before Christ), a.m. antes del medioda - a.m.(before noon) apdo. apartado postal P.O. Box Av. avenida Ave. (avenue) Avda. avenida Ave. (avenue) c.c. centmetro cbico - c.c. (cubic centimeters) Ca compaia - Co. (company) cm centmetro - cm. (centimetre) c/u cada uno - per each, apiece, D. don - Sir Da. doa - Madam d.C. despus de Cristo - A.D. (anno domini) d.J.C. despus de Jesucristo - A.D. (anno domini), Dr. doctor - Dr.(m) Dra. doctora - Dr. (f) E este (punto cardinal) - E (east) EE. UU. Estados Unidos - U.S. (United States) esq. esquina - corner etc. etctera - etc. (an so on) FF. AA. fuerzas armadas - armed forces f.c., F.C. ferrocarril - R.R. (railroad) Gob. gobierno - Gov. (government) Gral. general - Gen. (general) h. hora - hour Ing. ingeniero - engineer W.C. water closet - toilet, bathroom kg kilogramos - kg (kilograms) km kilmetros - km (kilometers) km/h kilmetros por hora - kilometers per O oeste - W (west) OEA Organizacin de Estados Americanos OAS (Organization of American States) ONU Organizacin de Naciones Unidas UN (United Nations) OTAN Organizacin del Tratado del Norte NATO (North American Treaty Organization) pg. pgina - page P.D. postdata - P.S. p.ej. por ejemplo - e.g. (for example) p.m. post meridien - p.m. (after noon) Prof profesor, profesora - Professor (m) Profa profesora - Professor (f) pta. peseta - peseta (monetary unit of Spain) q.e.p.d. que en paz descanse - R.I.P. (rest in peace) S sur - S (south) S.A. Sociedad Annima - Inc.(incorporation) S.L. Sociedad Limitada - Ltd. (limited partnership) Sr. seor - Mr. (Mister) Sra. seora - Mrs.(Mistress) Srta. seorita - Miss s.s.s. su seguro servidor - literally: your faithful servant (used as salutation in letters) Kind regards tel. telfono telephone Ud.,Vd. usted - you (singular) Uds.,Vds. ustedes - you (plural) v. vase - go see vol. volumen - vol (volume)

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A
a (prep) - to abajo (adv) - down abeja (nf) - bee abierto (adj) - open abrelatas (nm) - can opener abrigo (nm) - coat abril (nm) - April abuela (nf) - grandmother abuelo (nm) - grandfather acebo (nm) - holly aceite (nm) - oil aceituna (nf) - olive acera (nf) - sidewalk acuario (nm) - aquarium adicin (nf) - addition adis (int) - goodbye adulto (nm, adj) - adult, grown-up aeronave (nf) - airship aeronave cohete (nm) - rocket frica (nf) - Africa agrico (n) - toadstool agosto (nm) - August agradecer (v) - thank agua (nm) - water aguacate (nm) - avocado guila (nm) - eagle aguja (nf) - needle al aire libre - outdoors ala (nm) - wing alacrn (nm) - scorpion alcachofa (nf) - artichoke alcancia (nf) - piggy bank alce (nm) - elk aldea (nf) - village aleta (nf) - fin alern (nm) - aileron alfabeto (nm) - alphabet alfombra (nf) - carpet, rug alga marina (nf) - kelp algas (nf pl) - seaweed algodn (nm) de azcar - cotton candy alicates (nm pl) - pliers almacn (nm) - store almohada (nf) - pillow almuerzo (nm) - lunch alrededor de (adv) - around alta/alto (adj) - tall amanecer (nm) - sunrise amarillo (adj) - yellow mbar (nm) - amber ambulancia (nf) - ambulance Amrica (nm) del Norte - North America Amrica (nm) del Sur - South America

amigo (nm) - friend amigo (nm) por correspondencia - pen pal amigos (nm pl) - friends amor (nm) - love anaranjado (adj) - orange anatoma (nf) - anatomy ancho (adj) - wide ancla (nm) - anchor andar (v) - walk ngel (nm) - angel angosto (adj) - narrow anguila (nf) - eel ngulo (nm) - angle anillo (nm) - ring animal (nm) - animal animal (nm) domstico - pet animales (nm pl) - animals ao (nm) - year anochecer (nm) - evening Antrtico (nm) - Antarctica antifaz (nm) - mask antlope (nm) - antelope apio (nm) - celery aplaudir (v) - clap aprender (v) - learn araa (nf) - spider rbol (nm) - tree arce (nm) - maple archipilago (nm) - archipelago arcilla (nf) - clay arco (nm) - arch arco (nm) - bow arco (nm) iris - rainbow arder (v) - burn ardilla (nf) - squirrel ardilla ( nf) listada - chipmunk arena (nf) - sand arena (nf) movediza - quicksand arete (nm) - earring aritmtica (nf) - arithmetic arquero (nm) - archer armario (nm) - cupboard arpa (nm) - harp arrendajo (n) - jay arriba (adv) - up arriba de (prep) - above arrodillarse (v) - kneel arte (nm) - art artista (nm, f) - artist ascensor (nm) - elevator Asia (nf) - Asia aspiradora (nf) - vacuum cleaner asta (nf) - spear, horn, antler asteroide (nm) - asteroid astronauta (nm, f) - astronaut astronoma (nf) - astronomy

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asustado (adj) - frightened, scared atardecer (nm) - sunset atad (nm) - coffin atleta (nm, f) - athlete tomo (nm) - atom aurora (nf) - aurora Australia (nm) - Australia autobs (nm) - bus automvil (nm) - automobile avenida (nf) - avenue aventar (v) - throw avestruz (nm) - ostrich avin (nm) - aeroplane, plane avin (nm) de reaccin - jet avispa (nf) - wasp Aydeme, por favor. - Please help me. azada (nf), azadn (nm) - hoe azucena (nf) - lily azul (adj) - blue azulejo (nm) - tile, bluebird

B
backgammon (nm) - backgammon baha (nf) - bay baera (nf) - bathtub bailar (v) - dance bailarina (nf), bailarn (nm) - ballerina, dancer baja/bajo (adj) - short bajar (v) - lower, download balanza (nf) - scale balancn (n) - seesaw balde (nm) - bucket, pail ballena (nf) - whale banco (nm) - bench bandera (nf) - flag banjo (nm) - banjo baraja (nf) - cards barbilla (nf) - chin barca (nf) - (small) boat barco (nm) - ship barco (nm) de vela - sailboat barquillo (nm) de helado - ice cream cone barril (nm) - barrel bastn (nm) - cane basurero (nm) - rubbish bin, garbage can bate (nm) - baseball bat batidor (nm) de mano - whisk bal (nm) - trunk beb (nm) - baby

beber (v) - drink bella (adj f), bello (adj m) - beautiful bellota (nf) - acorn berenjena (nf) - eggplant biblioteca (nf) - library bicho (nm) - insect, bug, small creature bicicleta (nf) - bicycle billete (nm) - bill billn (nm) - billion (Brit.), trillion (Amer.) birrete (nm) - mortar board bistec (nm) - steak bizcocho (nm) - cake blanco (adj) - white blanco (nm) - target blusa (nf) - blouse bobo (nm) - mutt boca (nf) - mouth boca (nf) de aqua, boca (nf) de incendio fire hydrant bocadillo (nm) - sandwich bolgrafo (nm) - pen bollo (nm) - roll, bun bolsa (nf) - bag bolsillo (nm) - pocket bolso (nm) - purse bomba (nf) de incendios - fire engine bombero (nm), bombera (nf) - fire fighter bombilla (nf) - bulb, lightbulb bosque (nm) - forest bosque (nm) tropical - rain forest bota (nf) - boot bote (nm) - boat botella (nf) - bottle botn (nm) - button botija (nf), botijo (nm) - jug brazo (nm) - arm brea (nf) - tar brculi (nm) - broccoli brocha (nf) - paintbrush broma (nf) - joke bruja (nf) - witch brjula (nf) - compass buenos dias - good morning buenas noches - good night, good evening buenas tardes - good afternoon bfalo (nm) - buffalo bufanda (nf) - scarf bho (nm) - owl buitre (nm) - vulture burbuja (nf) - bubble burro (nm) - donkey buzn (nm) - mailbox

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C
caballete (nm) - easel caballito (nm) - pony caballito (nm) de mar - seahorse caballo (nm) - horse cabeza (nf) - head cabra (nf) - goat cachorro (nm) - puppy cacto (nm) - cactus cada (adj invar.) - each, every cadera (nf) - hip caf (nm) - coffee caimn (nm) - alligator caja (nf) - box caja (nf) de las herramientas - toolbox caja (nf) de sorpresa - jack-in-the-box calabacin (nm) -zucchini calabaza (nf) - pumpkin calamar (nm) - squid calcetin (nm) - sock calendario (nm) - calendar calidoscopio (nm) - kaleidoscope caliente (adj) - hot callado/callada (adj) - quiet calle (nf) - street callejn (nm), calleja (nf) - alley cama (nf) - bed cmara fotogrfica (nf) - camera camaron (nm) - shrimp camello (nm) - camel caminar - walk camino (nm) - road camin (nm) - truck camin (nm) cisterna - tanker camin (nm) de basura - garbage truck camin (nm) de volteo - dump truck camisa (nf) - shirt camisa (nf) de dormir/ camisn (nm) nightgown, nightshirt campamento (nm) - camp campana (nf) - bell caa (nf) de pescar - fishing rod canario (nm) - canary canasta (nf) - basket canasta (nf) para ropa - laundry basket candado (nm) - padlock cangrejo (nm) - crab canguro (nm) - kangaroo canoa (nf) - canoe cantar (v) - sing cantimplora (nf) - water bottle capullo (nm) - cocoon

capullo (nm) - bud cara (nf) - face caracol (nm) - snail carmbano (nm) - icicle caramelo (nm) - candy, sweet caravana (nf) - (veh.) camper carne (nf) - meat carreta (nf) - cart carrete (nm) - spool carretilla (nf) - wheelbarrow carretn (nm) - wagon carro (nm) - car carta (nf) - letter cartera (nf) - briefcase, wallet casa (nf) - house Casa (nf) Blanca - White House cascada (nf) - waterfall casco (nm) - hoof, helmet, hull casero (nm) - village, hamlet casita (nf) de muecas - dollhouse castillo (nm) - castle castor (nm) - beaver catorce (adj, nm) - fourteen cebolla (nf) - onion cebra (nf) - zebra ceja (nf) - eyebrow clula (nf) - cell centavo (nm) - cent, penny cepillo (nm) - brush cepillo (nm) del pelo, cepillo (nm) de cabeza - hairbrush cepillo (nm) de dientes - toothbrush cerca (nf) - fence cerdo (nm) - pig, hog cerebro (nm) - brain cereza (nf) - cherry cero (nm) - zero cerrado (adj) - closed cerradura (nf) - lock csped (nm) - lawn, grass cesta (nf) - basket cheque (nm) - check cicln (nm)- cyclone cielo (nm) - sky cien (adj) - hundred ciencia (nf) - science cierre (nm) - zipper cigarra (nf) - cicada cilindro (nm) - cylinder cinco (adj) - five cinco centavos - five cents, nickel cincuenta (adj) - fifty cinta (nf) - ribbon cinta (nf) adhesiva - adhesive tape cinta (nf) mtrica - tape measure cintura (nf) - waist

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circo (nm) - circus crculo (nm) - circle ciruela (nf) - plum cisne (nm) - swan ctara (nf) - zither clarinete (nm) - clarinet clavel (nm) - carnation clavo (nm) - nail coche (nm) de bomberos - fire engine cocina (nf) - kitchen cocodrilo (nm) - crocodile codo (nm) - elbow codorniz (nm) - quail cola (nf) - tail colibr (nm) - hummingbird coliflor (nf) - cauliflower colina (nf) - hill collar (nm) - necklace colmena (nf) - hive color (nm) - colour comadreja (nf) - weasel comer (v) - eat cometa (nf) - kite cometa (nm) - comet comida (nf) - meal, food Cmo? - How? Cmo ests? - How are you? Cmo se dice...? - How do you say...? Cmo te llamas? - What is your name? comprender (v) - understand computadora (nf) - computer concha (nf) - shell conejito (nm) - bunny conejo (nm) - rabbit congelador (nm) - freezer cono (nm) - cone constelacin (nf) - constellation contenta/contento (adj) - happy contonear (v) - wiggle contrabajo (nm) - double bass contrafagote (nm) - bassoon contrariar (v) - oppose contrario (adj, nm) - opposite, contrary control (nm) remoto - remote control copo (nm) de nieve - snowflake coral (nm) - coral corazn (nm) - heart corbata (nf) - necktie, tie cordel (nm) - string cordero (nm) - lamb corno (nm) de caza - French horn corno (nm) ingls - English horn corona (nf) - crown correcamino (nm) - roadrunner correo (nm) -mail correr (v) - run

cortadora (nf) de csped - lawn mower cortina (nf) - curtain, drape cosecha (nf) - crop coser (v) - sew cosquillas (nf pl) - ticklishness, hacer cosquillas - tickle coyote (nm) - coyote crneo (nm) - skull crema (nf) - cream crema (nf) dental - toothpaste creencia (nf) - belief creencier (v) - believe, (pensar) think creyn (nm) - crayon crislida (nf) - pupa cristal (nm) - crystal cruce (nm) para peatones, cruce (nm) peatonal - crosswalk cuaderno (nm) - notebook cuadrado (nm) - square cuadro (nm) - picture cul (pron) - which cundo (adv, conj) - when Cundo es? - What time is it? cunto (adv, pron) - how much, how many Cunto? - How much? Cunto es? - How much is it? cuarenta (adj) - forty cuarto (nm) - room cuarto (nm) de bao - bathroom cuarzo (nm) - quartz cuatrillizo (nm) - quadruplet cuatro (adj,nm) - four cubeta (nf) - bucket, pail cubo (nm) - block, cube cubo (nm) de basura - rubbish bin, trash can cucaracha (nf) - cockroach cucharita (nf) - spoon cucharn (nf) - ladle cuchillo (nm) - knife cuello (nm) - neck cuento (nm) - story, tale cuerda (nf) - cord, rope, string; instrumentos de cuerda - string instruments cuerda (nf) para brincar - jump rope cuerno (nm) - horn cuerpo (nm) - body cuervo (nm) - crow cueva (nf) - cave culebra (nf) - snake cumpleaos (nm) - birthday cua (nf) - wedge

CH
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chaleco (nm) - vest champin (nm) - mushroom champ (nm) - shampoo chancla (nf) - flip-flop, thong chaqueta (nf) - jacket charca (nf) - pond chica (nf) - girl chico (nm) - boy chimenea (nf) - chimney chimpanc (nm) - chimpanzee chinche (nm) - thumbtack chocolate (nm) - chocolate chorizo (nm) - sausage, salami choza (nf) - hut chupete (nm) - dummy (Brit.), pacifier (Amer.)

D
dado (nm) - dice dama (nf) - lady; damas (nf pl) - draught (Brit.), checkers (Amer.) dar (v) - give dardo (nm) - dart de (prep) -of, from; De dnde eres? - Where are you from? debajo (adv) - underneath, debajo de - under dedo (nm) - finger dedo (nm) del pie - toe delantal (nm) - apron delante (adv) - in front, delante de - in front of delfn (nm) - dolphin delgado (adj) - thin delta (nf) - delta De nada. - You're welcome. dentro (adv) - inside deporte (nm) - sport derecha (adv) - right, a la derecha - on the right desayuno (nm) - breakfast deseo (nm) - wish, desire desierto (nm) - desert desnudo (adj) - naked destornillador (nm) - screwdriver detrs de (adv) - behind da (nm) - day diamante (nm) - diamond diana (nf) - dartboard, bull's eye dibujar (v) - draw

dibujo (nm) - drawing diciembre (nm) - December diecinueve (adj, nm) - nineteen dieciocho (adj, nm) - eighteen diecisis (adj, nm) - sixteen diecisiete (adj, nm) - seventeen diente (nm) - tooth dieta (nf) - diet diez (adj, nm) - ten dinero (nm) - money dinosaurio (nm) - dinosaur direccin (nf) - address dirigible (nm) - dirigible, blimp dividir (v) - divide divisin (nf) - division doble (adj, nm) - double doce (adj, nm) - twelve docena (nf) - dozen doctor (nm) - doctor dlar (nm) - dollar domingo (nm) - Sunday domin (nm) - dominoes (game) dnde (adv) - where Donde esta el bao? - Where is the bathroom? dormido (adj) - asleep dormir (v) - sleep dormitar (v) - doze dormitorio (nm) - bedroom dos (adj, nm) - two dragn (nm) - dragon durazno (nm) - peach

E
echar (v) - throw edificio (nm) - building ecuador (nm) - equator edredn (nm) - quilt ejercer (v) - exercise, practise ejercicio (nm) - exercise, hacer ejercicio exercise electricidad (nf) - electricity elefante (nm) - elephant elipse (nf) - ellipse embudo (nm) - funnel emparedado (nm) - sandwich empujar (v) - push, press empujatierra (n) - bulldozer en (prep) - in encaje (nm) - lace encantado (adj) - enchanted, bewitched

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Encantado de conocerle. - Pleased to meet you. encima de (adv) - on top of energa (nf) - energy enero (nm) - January enferma/enfermo (adj) - sick enfermero (nm), enfermera (nf) - nurse engrapadora (nf) - stapler enigma (nm) - enigma, riddle enojado (adj) - angry, mad ensalada (nf) - salad ensear (v) - teach entender (v) - understand Entiende el ingls? - Do you understand English? entrada (nf) - entrance entre (prep) - between equipo (nm) - team erizo (nm) - hedgehog escabel (nm) - footstool, stool escalera (nf) - ladder escarabajo (nm) - beetle escayola (nf) - cast escoba (nf) - broom escribir (v) - write escritorio (nm) - desk escuela (nf) - school esfera (nf) - sphere esmeralda (nf) - emerald espada (nf) - sword esptula (nf) - spatula espejo (nm) - mirror espina (nf) dorsal - spine espiral (nm) - spiral esponja (nf) - sponge esposa (nf) - wife esqueleto (nm) - skeleton establo (nm) - stable, barn estacin (nf) - station, season (of the year) estacin (nf) de servicio - service station estado (nm) - state Estados Unidos (nm pl) - United States estante (nm) - shelf estantera (nf) para libros - bookcase estar (v) - be, stay este (adj, nm) - east Estoy.... - I am.. Estoy alegre. - I am happy. Estoy bien. - I am fine. Estoy enfermo. - I am sick. Estoy perdido. - I am lost. Estoy triste. - I am sad. estrecho (adj) - narrow estrecho (nm) - strait estrella (nf) - star etiqueta (nf) - tag, label

Europa (nf) - Europe examen (nm) - exam, quiz

F
fbrica (nf) - factory falda (nf) - skirt familia (nf) - family fantasma (nm) - ghost faro (nm) - lighthouse febrero (nm) - February feliz (adj) - happy, lucky Feliz Ao Nuevo! - Happy New Year! feliz cumpleaos - happy birthday fmur (nm) - femur feo (adj) - ugly fideos (nm pl) - noodles fiesta (nf) - party finca (nf) - farm flamenco (nm) - flamingo flautin (nm) - piccolo flauta (nf) - flute flecha (nf) - arrow flor (nf) - flower foca (nf) - seal fogata (nf) - campfire follaje (nm) - foliage forma (nf) - shape formn (nm) - chisel fsil (nm) - fossil frambuesa (nf) - raspberry franela (nf) - flannel, fregadero (nm) - sink frente (nf) - forehead fresa (nf) - strawberry fro (adj) - cold fruta (nf) - fruit fuego (nm) -fire fuego (nm) fatuo - jack-o'-lantern fuegos (nm pl) artificiales - fireworks fuerte (adj) - loud fuselaje (nm) - fuselage ftbol (nm) - football, soccer

G
gabn (nm) - overcoat gacela (nf) - gazelle gafa (nf) - hook

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gafas (nf pl) glasses, gafas (nf pl) de sol sunglasses galaxia (nf) - galaxy galera (nf) - gallery galera (nf) de arte - art gallery galleta (nf) - cookie gallina (nf) - hen gallo (nm) - rooster gancho (nm) - hook ganso (nm) - goose garra (nf) - claw gatito (nm) - kitten gato (nm) - cat gaviota (nf) - sea gull gema (nf) - gem gemelo (nm) - twin, gemelos (nm pl) - binoculars, Gemelos (nm pl) - Gemini geografia (nf) - geography girasol (nm) - sunflower globo (nm) - globe, balloon golf (nm) - golf, bola (nf) de golf - golfball, palos (nm pl) de golf - golfclubs golfo (nm) - gulf golondrina (nf) - swallow golpar (v) - beat, hit, punch, knock golpe (nm) - blow, punch, stroke goma (nf) - rubber goma (nf) de borrar - eraser gong (nm) - gong gordo/gorda (adj) - fat gorila (nm) - gorilla gorro (nm) - cap gotera (nf) - leak gotero (nm) - eyedropper, dropper gracia (nf) - grace, favour gracias (nf pl) - thank you grande (adj) - big, large granja (nf) - farm grifo (nm) - faucet gris (adj) - gray gritar (v) - scream, yell gra (nf) - tow truck grulla (nf) - crane guacamayo (nf) - macaw guante (nm) - glove guante (nm) de cocina - oven mitt guisante (nm) - pea guitarra (nf) - guitar guitarra (nf) elctrica - electric guitar gusano (nm) - worm

habla (nf) - speech, language; al habla (on the phone) - speaking hablar (v) - speak, talk Hablas ingls? - Do you speak English? hacha (nm) - ax hacinar (v) - stack hada (nf) - fairy, cuento (nm) de hadas fairy tale halo (nm) - halo halterofilia (nf) - weightlifting hamaca (nf) - hammock hambriento (adj) - hungry hamburguesa (nf) - hamburger harina (nf) - flour hasta (prep) - till, until Hasta luego. - See you later. helecho (nm) - fern helado (nm) - ice cream helicptero (nm) - helicopter hemisferio (nm) - hemisphere hemisferio (nm) norte - Northern hemisphere hemisferio (nm) sur - Southern Hemisphere hermana (nf) - sister hermanos (nm) - brother herradura (nf) - horseshoe herramienta (nf) - tool hexgono (nm) - hexagon hiedra (nf) - ivy hielo (nm) - ice hiena (nf) - hyena hierba (nf) - grass hija (nf) - daughter hijo (nm) - son hilo (nm) - yarn, thread hipoptamo (nm) - hippopotamus historia (nf) - story hogar (nm) - home hoguera (nf) - bonfire hoja (nf) - leaf hola (int) - hello hombre (nm) - man hombro (nm) - shoulder hongo (nm) - mushroom hora (nf) - hour hormiga (nf) - ant horno (nm) - oven, stove horno (nm) microondas - microwave oven hoy (adv) - today hoyo (nm) - hole huella (nf) -footprint, (de animal, vehiculo) track, huella (nf) del pie - footprint huella (nf) digital - fingerprint hueso (nm) - bone

72

hueso (nm) de la suerte - wishbone huevo (nm) - egg huevo (nm) frito - fried egg huracn (nm) - hurricane

I
idea (nf) - idea iglesia (nf) - church igl (nf) - igloo igual (adj) - equal ilusin (nf) - illusion imn (nm) - magnet imperdible (nm) - safety pin impermeable (nm) - raincoat infeliz (adj) - unhappy inodoro (nm) - toilet insecto (nm) - insect instrumento (nm) - instrument, tool instrumentos (nm pl) de cuerda - string instruments interseccin (nf) - intersection invernadero (nm) - greenhouse invierno (nm) - winter iris (nm) - (anat.) iris, (arco iris) rainbow isla (nf) - island istmo (nm) - isthmus izquierda (nf) - left, a la izquierda - on the left, to the left izquierdo (adj) - left

joyero (nm) - jeweller, (estuche) jewellery box juanete (nm) - bunion jubilado (adj) - retired jubilarse (v) - retire jubileo (nm) - jubilee judo (nm) - judo juego (nm) - game, hacer juegos malabares - juggle jueves (nm) - Thursday juez (nm) - judge jugador (nm) - player, gambler jugar (v) - to play, gamble, bet juglar (nm) - minstrel jugo (nm) - juice jugo (nm) de naranja - orange juice jugoso (adj) - juicy, (fig.) substantial juguete (nm) - toy juguetear (v) - to play juicio (nm) - judgement, opinion julio (nm) - July jungla (nf) - jungle junio (nm) - June junta (nf) - meeting, board, comittee, (pol.) junta juntar (v) - join, collect junto (adj) - joined, junto a - next to Jpiter (nm) - Jupiter justicia (nf) - justice

K
kapoc (nm) - kapok karate (nm) - karate kazoo (nm) - kazoo kilo (nm) - kilo kilogramo (nm) - kilogram kilometraje (nm) - distance in kms, mileage kilmetro (nm) - kilometre kilovatio (nm) - kilowatt kiosco (nm) - kiosk koala (nm) - koala

J
jabn (nm) - soap jaguar (nm) - jaguar jalea (nf) - jelly jamn (nm) - ham Japn (nm) - Japan jardn (nm) - garden jarra (nf) - jug, pitcher jarrn (nm) - vase, urn jaula (nf) - cage jirafa (nf) - giraffe jitomate (nm) - (Mex.) tomato joven (adj) - young joya (nf) - jewel joyas (nf pl) - jewelry

L
laberinto (nm) - maze labio (nm) - lip

73

lagartija (nf) -(small) lizard lagarto (nm) - lizard lago (nm) -lake laguna (nf) - pond, small lake lmpara (nf) - lamp lana (nf) - yarn langosta (nf) - lobster lpiz (nm) - pencil lata (nf) - can lava (nf) -lava lavabo (nm) - sink, washbasin lavado (nm) - washing, lavado de cerebro brainwashing lavar (v) - to wash lazo (nm) -bow, lasso leche (nf) - milk lechuza (nf) - owl limn (nm) - lemon lechuga (nf) - lettuce leer (v) - read lea (nf) - firewood lengua (nf) - tongue leo (nm) - log lenta/lento (adj) - slow lente (nf) - lens, lentes de contacto - contact lenses lentes (nf pl) - glasses len (nm) - lion letra (nf) - letter leyenda (nf) - legend leyendas (nf pl) folclricas - folk tales lezna (nf) - awl liblula (nf) - dragonfly libro (nm) - book libro (nm) de visitas - guest book lima (nf) - lime, file limonada (nf) - lemonade limpio (adj) - clean linda, lindo (adj) - cute linterna (nf) - flashlight lirio (nm) - iris (flower) lirio (nm) de los valles - lily of the valley liso (adj) - smooth, flat lista (nf) - list llanta (nf) - tire lobo (nm) - wolf locomotora (nm) - engine lombriz (nf) - worm lombriz (nf) de tierra - earthworm loro (nm) - parrot luces (nf pl) - intelligence luminoso (adj) - bright luna (nf) - moon lunes (nm) - Monday lupa (nf) - magnifying glass luz (nf) - light, (electricidad) electricity

LL
llama (nf) - flame, (animal) llama llave (nf) - key, spanner, switch llave (nf) de boca - wrench llenar (v) - fill (up) lleno/llena (adj) - full llevadero (adj) - tolerable llevar (v) - carry, bring, lead llorar (v) - cry lloroso (adj) - tearful llover (v) rain llovizna (nf) - drizzle lluvia (nf) - rain, (fig) shower lluvioso (adj) - rainy

M
macarrn (nm) - macaroon macarrnes (nm pl) - macaroni madera (nf) - wood, (natureza) nature madero (nm) - log, timber madre (nf) - mother maestro (nm), maestra (nf) - teacher magia (nf) - magic maz (nm) - maize, corn maleta (nf) - (suit)case, (auto) boot, trunk (Amer.) maletera (nf) - boot, trunk (Amer.) maletn (nm) - briefcase mam (nf) -mummy, mom mamar (v) - suck mamfero (nm) - mammal mampara (nf) - screen mamut (nm) - mammoth manada (nf) - herd, pack manecilla (nf) - needle, (de reloj) hand manecilla (nf) de la hora - hour hand manejable (adj) - manageable manejar (v) - handle, manage manguera (nf) - hose(pipe) manillar (nm) - handlebar(s) mano (nf) - hand mantequilla (nf) - butter manual (adj, nm) - manual manualidades (nf pl) - crafts manzana (nf) - apple

74

maana (nf) - morning mapa (nm) - map mapache (nm) - raccoon mar (nf, nm) sea maraca (nf) - maraca margarita (nf) - daisy marido (nm) - husband marina (nf) - coast, seascape mariposa (nf) - butterfly mariposa (nf) nocturna - moth mariquita (nf) - ladybug mrmol (nm) - marble marmota (nf) - hamster marrn (adj) - brown marsupial (nm) - marsupial Marte (nm) - Mars martes (nm) - Tuesday martillo (nm) - hammer marzo (nm) - March ms (adv, adj) - more masa (nf) - dough matemticas (nf pl) - mathematics, maths mayo (nm) - May medalla (nf) - medal medianoche (nf) - midnight medioda (nm) - noon medusa (nf) -jellyfish Me gusta. - I like it. Me gustaria... - I would like... mejilla (nf) - cheek Me llamo... - My name is... meln (nm) - melon melocotn (nm) - peach menear (v) - wiggle menos (adv, adj) - less Me puede ayudar? - Can you help me? Me ayuda por favor? - Can you help me? mercado (nm) - market Mercurio (nm) - Mercury mermelada (nf) - jam mes (nm) - month mesa (nf) - table meteoro (nm) - meteor microscopio (nm) - microscope miedo (nm) - fear, tener miedo - to be afraid miel (nf) - honey mircoles (nm) - Wednesday mil (adj, nm) - thousand milln (adj, nm) - million mil millones (adj, nm) - billion mineral (nm) - mineral minivn (nf) - minivan minuto (nm) - minute minutero (nm) - minute hand mirlo (nm) - blackbird mitad (nf) - half

mitn (nm) - mitten mochila (nf) - backpack molino (nm) de viento - windmill momia (nf) - mummy moneda (nf) - coin moneda de 25 centavos - quarter monedero (nm) - purse mono (nm) - ape, monkey monstruo (nm) - monster montaa (nf) - mountain morado (adj) - purple morsa (nf) - walrus mosca (nf) - fly mosquito (nm) - mosquito motocicleta (nf) - motorcycle motor (nm) - motor muchacha (nf) - girl muchacho (nm) - boy Mucho gusto. - Nice to meet you. mucho (adv, adj) - much, many, a lot mueble (adj) - movable mueble (nm) - piece of furniture, muebles (nm pl) - furniture mugre (nm) - dirt mujer (nf) - woman multiplicacin (nf) - multiplication multiplicar (v) - multiply mundo (nm) - world mueca (nf) - doll murcilago (nm) - bat museo (nm) - museum msica (nf) - music msico (nm) - musician

N
naipes (nm pl) - cards naranja (nf) -orange narciso (nm) -daffodil nariz (nf) - nose Necesito un mdico. - I need a doctor. negro (adj) - black nen (nm) - neon Neptuno (nm) - Neptune nevera (nf) - refrigerator nido (nm) - nest nieve (nf) - snow nia (nf) - girl, (female) child nio (nm) - boy, (male) child nio pequeo (nm) - toddler nios (n pl) - children, kids nivel (nm) - level

75

no (int) - no noche (nf) - night noche (nf) pasada - last night No comprendo. - I don't understand. No entiendo. - I don't understand No hablo espaol. - I don't speak Spanish. No lo s. - I don't know. nombre (nm) - name No me gusta. - I don't like it. nomeolvides (n pl) - forget-me-nots nopal (nm) - cactus nordeste (n, adv) - northeast noroeste (n, adv) - northwest norte (n, adv) - north nostros (pron) - we nota (nf) - note noventa (n, adj) - ninety noviembre (nm) - November nube (nf) - cloud nudo (nm) - knot nueve (n, adj) - nine nuez (nf) - nut nmero (nm) - number nutria (nf) - otter

oler (v) - smell olla (nf) - pot Olmpico (n pl) - Olympics once (n adj) - eleven oreja (nf) - ear orejeras (nf pl) - earmuffs oso (nm) - bear orangutn (nm) - orangutan orbe (nm) - orb rbita (nf) - orbit orqudea (nf) - orchid oruga (nf) - caterpillar oso de peluche (nm) - teddy bear otoo (nm) - autumn valo (nm) - oval oveja (nf) - sheep

P
padre (nm) - father pjaro (nm) - bird pjaro carpintero (nm) - woodpecker pala (nf) - shovel palabras (nf) - word palacio (nm) - palace palanca (n) - lever paleta (nf) - palette paleta (nf) - lollipop palma (nf) - palm tree paloma (nf) - dove paloma (nf) - pigeon pan (nm) - bread panadero (nm), panadera (nf) - baker pan de jengibre (nm) - gingerbread panal de miel (nm) - honeycomb pandero (nm) - tambourine panecillo (nm) - bun, roll panquecito (nm) - muffin, cupcake pantalones (nm pl) - pants pantalones de trabajo (nm pl) - overalls pantalones vaqueros (nm pl) - jeans pap (nm) - dad papa (nf) - potato papagayo (nm) - parrot papel (nm) - paper papel de lija (nm) - sandpaper papelera (nf) - wastebasket paquete (nm) - package paraguas (nm) - umbrella paralelo (adj) - parallel parar (v) - stop

ame (nm) - yam and (nm) - nandu

O
oboe (nm) - oboe ocano (nm) - ocean Ocano Antrtico (nm) - Southern Ocean Ocano Artico (nm) - Arctic Ocean Ocano Atlntico (nm) - Atlantic Ocean Ocano Indico (nm) - Indian Ocean Ocano Pacifico (nm) - Pacific Ocean ochenta (n, adj) - eighty ocho (n, adj) - eight octgono (nm) - octagon octubre (nm) - October ocupacin (nf) - job, occupation oeste (n, adv) - west or (v) - hear ojo (nm) - eye okay (int) - ok ola (nf) - wave

76

parecido/parecida (adj) - alike pared (nf) - wall parientes (n) - kin prpado (nm) - eyelid parque zoolgico (nm) - zoo pasta dentfrica (nf) - toothpaste pastel (nm) - cake, pie patin de cuchilla, patin de hielo (nm) - ice skate patinos de ruedas (nm pl) - roller skates patio (nm) - yard patito (nm) - duckling pato (nm) - duck pavo real (nm) - peacock payaso (nm) - clown pecera (nf) - fish bowl peine (nm) - comb peligro (nm) - danger pelo (nm) - hair pelota (nf) - ball pelota de bisbol (nf) - baseball peluca (nf) - wig pennsula (nf) - peninsula pensar (v) - think pentgono (nm) - pentagon pepino (nm) - cucumber pequeita/pequeito (adj) - little percuson (nf) - percussion instruments pescado (nm) - fish pescar (v) - to fish pequea/pequeo (adj) - small pera (nf) - pear percha (nf) - hanger peridico (nm) - newspaper perrera (nf) - doghouse perro (nm) - dog perro caliente (nm) - hot dog persona (nf) - person pestaa (nf) - eyelash petirrojo (nm) - robin pez (nm) - fish piano (nm) - piano pichn (nm) - pigeon pico (nm) - beak piedra (nf) - rock, stone piedrecita (nf) - pebble pierna (nf) - leg pies (nm pl) - feet pijamas (nm pl) - pajamas pila de heno (nf) - haystack pimienta (nm) - pepper pincel (nm) - paintbrush pingino (nm) - penguin pintar (v) - to paint pirmide (nf) - pyramid pirata (nf) - pirate

pitcher (nm) - pitcher pizza (nf) - pizza placa (nf) - license plate plancha (nf) - iron planeta (nm) - planet planetario (nm) - planetarium planta (nf) - plant pltano (nm) - plantain, banana platillos (nm pl) - cymbals plato (nm) - plate, dish playa (nf) - beach pluma (nf) - pen, feather Plutn (nm) - Pluto Podria repetir, por favor? - Please repeat that. polica (nf) - police officer polgono (nm) - polygons polilla (nf) - moth pollito (nm) - chick pollo (nm) - chicken Polo Norte (nm) - North Pole Polo Sur (nm) - South Pole por favor - please por qu - why postre (nm) - dessert prado (nm) - meadow presidente (nm) - president primavera (nf) - spring primero/primera (adj) - first princesa (nf) - princess prncipe (nm) - prince probar (v) - taste prueba (nf) - test pueblo (nm) - town puente (nm) - bridge puerta (nf) - gate, door pulgar (nm) - thumb pulpo (nm) - octopus pulsera (nf) - bracelet . punto (nm) - point punto (nm) - dot pupila (nf) - pupil

Q
quasar (nm) - quasar qu - what Qu color es este? - What colour is it? Qu hora es? - What time is it? quelpo (nm) - kelp queso (nm) - cheese quetzal (nm) - quetzal quin - who

77

quilla (nf) - keel quince (n, adj) - fifteen quintillizo (nm) - quintuplet quiz - maybe

R
radio (nf) - radio radar (nm) - radar radiografa (nf) - x-ray rallador (nm) - grater ramo (nm) - bouquet rana (nf) - frog rpido (adj) - fast raqueta (nf) - racket rascacielos (nm) - skyscraper rascamoo (nm), zinia (nf) - zinnia rastrillar (v) - to rake rastrillo (nm) - rake rata (nf) - rat rata del trigo (nf) - hamster ratn (nm) - mouse, computer mouse ratn almizclero (nm) - muskrat raya (nf) - stingray receta de cocina (nf) - recipe recibir (v) - receive recipiente (nm) - container recipiente de basura (nf) - garbage can rectngulo (nm) - rectangle red (nf) - net refrigerador (nm) - refrigerator regadera (nf) - watering can regaliz (nm) - licorice regalo (nm) - gift, present regla (nf) - ruler rehilandera (nf) - pinwheel reina (nf) - queen rer (v) - laugh relmpago (nm) - lightning reloj (nm) - clock, watch reloj de cuclillo (nm) - cuckoo clock remo (nm) - oar, paddle renacuajo (nm) - tadpole reno (nm) - reindeer repollo (nm) - cabbage restar (v) - subtract resta (nf) - subtraction revs - upside down revista (nf) - magazine rey (nm) - king ro (nm) - river rinoceronte (nm) - rhinoceros

robot (nm) - robot roca (nf) - rock rodilla (nf) - knee rodillo de cocina (nm) - rolling pin rojo (adj) - red rollo de papel (nm) - scroll rombo (nm) - diamond rompecabezas (nm) - puzzle, jigsaw puzzle romper (v) - break rondana (nf) - washer ropa (nf) - clothes ropa sucia (nf) - laundry ropa interior (nf) - underwear rosa, rosado (adj) - pink rosa (nf) - rose rosquilla (nf) - doughnut rub (nm) - ruby rueda (nf) - wheel

S
sbado (nm) - Saturday saco (nm), bolsa (nf) - sack saco de dormir (nm) - sleeping bag sal (nf) - salt sala (nf) - living room salchichn (nm) - salami salida (nf) - exit saltamontes (nm) - grasshopper saltar (v) - jump sandalia (nf) - sandal saludable (adj) - healthy sanda (nf) - watermelon sapo (nm) - toad sartn (nf) - pan, frying pan satlite (nm) - satellite Saturno (nm) - Saturn saxofn (nm) - saxophone segundo (adj) - second segundo (nm) - second segundero (nm) - second hand seis (n, adj) - six sello postal (nm), estampilla (nf), timbre postal (nm) - stamp selva (nf) - jungle semforo (nm) - traffic light semicirculo (nm) - semicircle seal de alto (nf) - stop sign seora (nf) - lady, Mrs sentarse (v) - sit septiembre (nm) - September

78

serpiente (nf) - snake serrucho (nm) - saw servilleta (nf) - napkin sesenta (n, adj) - sixty setenta (n, adj) - seventy si - yes siesta (nf) - nap, siesta siete (n, adj) - seven signo de admiracin (nm) - exclamation point signo de interrogacin (nm) - questions mark silbato (nm) - whistle silla (nf) - chair silla de ruedas (nf) - wheelchair silln (nm) - armchair sirena (nf) - mermaid sobre (prep) - over sobre (nm) - envelope sof (nm) - sofa, couch soga (nf) - rope sol (nm) - sun soldado (nm) - soldier sombrero (nm) - hat sombrilla (nf) - umbrella sonrisa (nf) - smile sopa (nf) - soup Soy de... - I am from... spray (nm) - spray can sucette (nf) - lollipop sucio (adj) - dirty sudeste (adv, n) - southeast sudoeste (adv, n) - southwest suelo (nm) - soil sumar (v) - add sur (adv, n) - south

T
tablilla (nf) - license plate taladro (nm) - drill tallo (nm) - stem taln (nm) - heel talonario de cheques (nm) - checkbook tambor (nm) - drum tapa (nf) - lid tarde (adv) - late tarjeta (nf) - card tarjeta de crdito (nf) - credit card tarjeta del Da de San Valentn (nf) valentine card

tarro (nm) - jar taxi (nm) - taxi, cab taza (nf) - cup taza grande (nf) - mug taza medidora (nf) - measuring cup tazn (nm) - bowl I love you. - Te amo. t (nm) - tea tebeo (nm) - comics techo (nm) - roof teclado (nm) - keyboard t helado (nm) - iced tea tejer (v) - knit tele (nf) - television, TV telfono (nm) - telephone teleraa, tela de araa (nf) - cobweb, web telescopio (nm) - telescope televisin (nf) - television temeroso (adj) - scared tmpano de hielo (nm) - iceberg temprano (adj, adv) - early tenedor (nm) - fork tengo - I have Tengo hambre. - I am hungry. tenis (nm) - tennis termmetro (nm) - thermometer tetera (nf) - kettle, teapot tetrabrik (nm) - carton ta (nf) - aunt tiburn (nm) - shark tiempo (nm) - time tienda de campaa (nf) - tent tiempo (nm) - weather tierra (nf) - land, earth tigre (nm) - tiger tijeras (nf pl) - scissors timbre (nm) - stamp timbal (nm) - kettledrum tina (nf) - vat tinta (nf) - ink tira cmica (nf) - cartoon tirar (v) - pull tirar (v) - throw ttere (nm) - puppet toalla (nf) - towel tobillo (nm) - ankle tobogn (nm) - slide tocador (nm) - dresser tocar (v) - touch todo - all tomar (v) - drink tomate (nm) - tomato tormenta (nf) - storm tornado (nm) - tornado tornillo (nm) - screw toro (nm) - bull

79

toronja (nf) - grapefruit torta de cumpleaos (nf) - birthday cake tortilla de huevos (nf) - omelet tortuga (nf) - turtle tostador (nf) - toaster trabalenguas (nm) - tongue twister toucan (nm) - toucan trabajar (v) - to work tractor (nm) - tractor traje (nm) - costume traje de bao (nm) - bathing suit, swimsuit traje espacial (nm) - spacesuit transbordador espacial (nm) - space shuttle trapeador (nm) - mop trapezoide (nm) - trapezoid trece (n, adj) - thirteen treinta (n, adj) - thirty tren (nm) - train tren de aterrizaje (nm) - landing gear tres (n, adj) - three tringulo (nm) - triangle trincas (nf pl) - triplets triste (adj) - sad tritn (nm) - newt trmbon de varas (nm) - trombone trompa (nf) - trunk trompeta (nf) - trumpet, horn tronco (nm) - trunk tronco de rbol (nm) - log trotar (v) - jog tuba (nf) - tuba tubo (nm) - tube tuerca (nf) - nut tulipn (nm) - tulip

vaca (nf) - cow vaco/vaca (adj) - empty valle (nm) - valley vaso (nm) - glass vecindad (nf) - neighborhood vehculo (nm) - vehicle veinte (n, adj) - twenty vela (nf) - candle vela (nf) - sail venado (nm) - deer ventana (nf) - window ventilador (nm) - fan Venus (nm) - Venus ver (v) - see verano (nm) - summer verde (adj) - green verdura (nf) - vegetables vrtebra (nf) - vertebra vestido (nm) - dress video (nm) - videotape viento-madera (nm) - woodwind viento-metal (nm) - brass instruments viernes (nm) - Friday viola (nf) - viola violeta (adj) - violet violn (nm) - violin violoncelo (nm) - cello vocal (nf) - vowel volar (v) - fly volcn (nm) - volcano vrtice (nm) - vortex

U
ltimo/ltima (adj) - last ua (nf) - fingernail ua (nf) - nail unicornio (nm) - unicorn uniforme (nm) - uniform uno (n, adj) - one Urano (nm) - Uranus utensilios (n pl) - utensils uva (nf) - grape

W
wedge (nm) - wedge wok (nm) - wok

X
xilfono (nm) - xylophone

Y
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y (conj) - and yac (nm) - yak yarda (nf) - yardstick yate (nm) - yacht yogur (nm) - yogurt yema de huevo (nf) - yolk yo (pron) - I yo-y (nm) - yo-yo yunta (nf) - yoke

Z
zanahoria (nf) - carrot zancudo (nm) - mosquito zapatilla (nf) - slipper zapato (nm) - shoe zarpa (nf) - claw zarzamora (nf) - blackberry zepeln (nm) - zeppelin zigzag (nm) - zigzag zona (nf) - zone zoolgico (nm) - zoo zologo (nm) - zoologist zorro (nm) - fox

English - Spanish Dictionary

A
above (adv, prep) - arriba de acorn (n) - la bellota actor (n) - el actor actress (n) - la actriz add (v) - sumar, aadir addition (n) - la adicin address (n) - las seas (pl), la direccin adults (n) - los adultos (pl) advertisement, ad (n) - el anuncio aeroplane (n) - el avin

afraid (adj) ~to be afraid - tener miedo Africa (n) - frica afternoon (n) - la tarde against (prep) - contra age (n) - la edad agency (n) - la agencia aileron (n) - el alern airport (n) - el aeropuerto airmail (n) - por avin aisle (n) - el pasillo alarm clock (n) - el despertador alike (adj) - parecido, parecida all (adj, pron) - todo alley (n) - el callejn, la calleja alligator (n) - el caimn alone (adj) - solo, sola alphabet (n) - el alfabeto amber (n) - el mbar ambulance (n) - la ambulancia among (prep) - entre anatomy (n) - la anatoma anchor (n) - el ancla and (conj) - y angel (n) - el ngel angle (n) - el ngulo angry (n) - enojado animal (n) - el animal animals (n) - los animales (pl) ankle (n) - el tobillo ant (n) - la hormiga Antarctica (n) - Antrtico antelope (n) - el antlope antler (n) - el asta ape (n) - el mono apple (n) - la manzana apricot (n) - el albaricoque April (n) - abril apron (n) - el delantal aquarium (n) - el acuario arch (n) - el arco archer (n) - el arquero archipelago (n) - el archipilago architect (n) - el arquitecto, la arquitecta Arctic Ocean (n) - el Ocano Artico area code (n) - el prefijo arithmetic (n) - la aritmtica arm (n) - el brazo armchair (n) - el silln around (prep) - alrededor de arrow (n) - la flecha art (n) - el arte art gallery (n) - la galeria de arte artichoke (n) - la alcachofa artist (n) - el/la artista Asia (n) - Asia (f) ask (v) - preguntar

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ask the way - preguntar el camino asleep (adj) - dormido asteroid (n) - el asteroide astronaut (n) - el/la astronauta astronomy (n) - la astronoma Atlantic Ocean (n) - Ocano Atlntico (m) athlete (n) - el/la atleta atom (n) - el tomo August (n) - agosto (m) aunt (n) - la ta aurora (n) - la aurora Australia (n) - Australia (f) Austria (n) - Austria (f) automobile (n) - el automvil autumn (n) - el otoo avenue (n) - la avenida avocado (n) - el aguacate awl (n) - la lezna ax (n) - el hacha

B
baby (n) - el beb backgammon (n) - el backgammon backpack (n) - la mochila bag (n) - la bolsa baker (n) - el panadero (m), la panadera (f) ball (n) - la pelota ballerina (n) - la bailarina balloon (n) - el globo banana (n) - el pltano banjo (n) - el banjo barn (n) - el establo barrel (n) - el barril baseball (n) - la pelota de bisbol baseball bat (n) - el bate basket (n) - la cesta, la canasta bassoon (n) - el contrafagote bat (n) - el murcilago bathing suit (n) - el traje de bao bathroom (n) - el cuarto de bao bathtub (n) - la baera bay (n) - la baha beach (n) - la playa beak (n) - el pico bear (n) - el oso beautiful (adj) - bella (f), bello (m) beaver (n) - el castor bed (n) - la cama bee (n) - la abeja beetle (n) - el escarabajo behind (prep) - detrs de bell (n) - la campana bench (n) - el banco

between (prep) - entre bicycle (n) - la bicicleta big (adj) - grande bill (n) - el billete billion (n) - mil millones bird (n) - el pjaro birthday (n) - el cumpleaos birthday cake (n) - la torta de cumpleaos black (adj) - negro blackberry (n) - la zarzamora blackbird (n) - el mirlo blimp (n) - el dirigible block (n) - el cubo blouse (n) - la blusa blue (adj) - azul bluebird (n) - azulejo boat (n) - el bote body (n) - el cuerpo bone (n) - el hueso bonfire (n) - la hoguera book (n) - el libro bookcase (n) - la estantera para libros boom (v) - retumbar, (fig) prosperar boot (n) - la bota borrow (v) - pedir prestado bother (v) - molestar, (worry) preocupar bottle (n) - la botella bottom (n) el fondo, (of hill) el pie, (buttocks) el trasero bouquet (n) - el ramo bow (n) - (knot) el lazo bow (n) - (weapon, mus.) el arco bowels (n) - los intestinos (pl), (fig) las entraas bowl (n) - el tazn box (n) - la caja boy (n) - el chico, el muchacho, (young) el nio bra (n) - el sostn, el sujetador bracelet (n) - la pulsera brake (v) - frenar brake (n) - el freno brain (n) - el cerebro brand (n) la marca brass instruments (n) - el viento-metal breach (n) - la violacin bread (n) - el pan breadcrumbs (n) - las migajas (pl) break (v) - romper, quebrantar breakdown (n) - (tech) la falla, (med) el colapso breakfast (n) - el desayuno bride (n) la novia bridegroom (n) - el novio bridge (n) - el puente brief (adj) - breve

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briefcase (n) - la cartera, el maletn brigade (n) - la brigada bright (adj) - luminoso brilliance (n) - la brillantez, el brillo brilliant (adj) - brilliante broccoli (n) - el brcul, el brculi brochure (n) - el folleto broom (n) - la escoba broth (n) - el caldo brother (n) - el hermano brow (n) - la frente brown (adj) - marrn brush (v) - cepillar brush (n) - el cepillo, (large) la escoba bubble (n) - la burbuja bubble (v) - burbujear bubbly (adj) - burbujeante bucket (n) - el cubo, la cubeta buckle (n) - la hebilla bud (n) - el brote, el capullo budget (n) - el presupuesto buffalo (n) - el bfalo buffoon (n) - el payaso, el bufn bug (n) - el bicho, (germ) el microbio bugle (n) - la corneta build (v) - construir building (n) - el edificio bulb (n) - el bulbo, (elec) la bombilla Bulgaria (n) - Bulgaria (nf) bull (n) - el toro bulldog (n) - el bulldog bulldozer (n) - la oruga, el aplanadora bullet (n) - la bala bun (n) - el bollo, el panecillo bunch (n) - el manojo, (of people) el grupo bunk (n) - la litera bunny (n) - el conejito burglar (n) - el ladrn burn (v) - quemar, arder bury (v) - enterrar bus (n) - el autobs busy (adj) - ocupado, (street) concurrido but (conj) - pero butter (n) - la mantequilla buttercup (n) - el rannculo butterfly (n) - la mariposa buttock (n) - la nalga button (n) - el botn

C
cab (n) - el taxi cabbage (n) - el repollo cactus (n) - el cacto, el nopal

cage (n) - la jaula cake (n) - el bizcocho, el pastel calendar (n) - el calendario camel (n) - el camello camera (n) - la cmara fotogrfica camp (n) - el campamento campfire (n) - la fogata camper (n) - el/la campista, (veh.) la caravana can (n) - la lata canary (n) - canario candle (n) - la vela candy (n) - los caramelos, los dulces (pl) cane (n) - el bastn canoe (n) - la canoa can opener (n) - el abrelatas Can you help me? - Me puede ayudar?, Me ayuda por favor? cap (n) - el gorro car (n) - el carro card (n) - la tarjeta cards (n) - la baraja, los naipes (pl) carnation (n) - el clavel carpet (n) - la alfombra carrot (n) - la zanahoria cart (n) - la carreta carton (n) - el tetrabrik cartoon (n) - la tira cmica cast (n) - la escayola castle (n) - el castillo cat (n) - el gato caterpillar (n) - la oruga cauliflower (n) - la coliflor cave (n) - la cueva celery (n) - el apio cell (n) - clula cello (n) - el violoncelo cent (n) - un centavo chair (n) - la silla change purse (n) - el monedero check (n) - el cheque checkbook (n) - el talonario de cheques checkers (n) - las damas (pl) cheek (n) - la mejilla cheese (n) - el queso cherry (n) - la cereza chick (n) - el pollito chicken (n) - el pollo child (n) - la nia (f), el nio (m) children (n) - los nios (pl) chimney (n) - la chimenea chimpanzee (n) - el chimpanc chin (n) - la barbilla chipmunk (n) - la ardilla listada chisel (n) - el formn chocolate (n) - el chocolate

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church (n) - la iglesia cicada (n) - la cigarra circle (n) - el crculo circus (n) - el circo clap (n) - aplaudir clarinet (n) - el clarinete claw (n) - la zarpa, la garra clay (n) - la arcilla clean (adj) - limpio clock (n) - el reloj closed (adj) - cerrado clothes (n) - la ropa cloud (n) - la nube clown (n) - el payaso coat (n) - el abrigo cobweb (n) - la telaraa cocoon (n) - el capullo coffee (n) - el caf coffin (n) - el atad coin (n) - la moneda cold (adj) - fro colour (n) - el color comb (n) - el peine comet (n) - el cometa comics (n) - el tebeo compass (n) - la brjula computer (n) - la computadora cone (n) - el cono constellation (n) - la constelacin container (n) - el recipiente cookie (n) - la galleta coral (n) - el coral corn (n) - el maz costume (n) - el traje cotton candy (n) - el algodn de azcar couch (n) - el sof cow (n) - la vaca coyote (n) - el coyote crab (n) - el cangrejo crafts (n) - las manualidades (pl) crane (n) - la gra, (bird) la grulla crayon (n) - el creyn cream (n) - la crema credit card (n) - la tarjeta de crdito crescent (n) - el creciente crocodile (n) - el cocodrilo crop (n) - la cosecha crosswalk (n) - el cruce para peatones, el cruce peatonal crow (n) - el cuervo crown (n) - la corona cry (v) - llorar crystal (n) - el cristal cube - el cubo cuckoo (n) - el cuco, el cuclillo cuckoo clock (n) - el reloj de cuclillo

cucumber (n) - el pepino cup (n) - la taza, (prize) la copa cupboard (n) - el armario, la alacena cupcake (n) -los panquecitos (pl) curtains (n) - las cortinas (pl) cute (adj) - linda (f), lindo (m) cyclone (n) - el cicln cylinder (n) - el cilindro cymbals (n) - los platillos (pl)

D
dad (n) - el pap daffodil (n) - el narciso daisy (n) - la margarita dance (v) - bailar dancer (n) - la bailarina (f), el bailarn (m) danger (n) - peligro dartboard (n) - la diana darts (n pl) - los dardos daughter (n) - la hija day (n) - el da December (n) - diciembre deer (n) - el venado desert (n) - el desierto desk (n) - el escritorio dessert (n) - el postre diamond (n) - el diamante diamond (n) - rombo dice (n pl) - los dados diet (n) - dieta dinner (n) - comida dinosaur (n) - el dinosaurio dirt (n)mugre dirty (adj) - sucio dish (n) - el plato divide (v) - dividir division (n) - la divisin doctor (n) - el doctor dog (n) - el perro doghouse (n) - la perrera doll (n) - la mueca dollar (n) - el dlar dollhouse (n) - la casita de muecas dolphin (n) - el delfn dominoes (n) - el domin donkey (n) - el burro door (n) - la puerta dot (n) - el punto double (adj) - doble double bass (n) - el contrabajo

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dough (n) - la masa doughnut (n) - la rosquilla dove (n) - la paloma down (adv) - abajo Do you speak English? - Hablas ingls? Do you understand English? - Entiende el ingls? dozen (n) - la docena dragon (n) - el dragn dragonfly (n) - la liblula drapes (n) - las cortinas draw (v) - dibujar drawing (n) - el dibujo dress (n) - el vestido dresser (n) - el tocador drill (n) - el taladro drink (v) - beber, tomar dropper (n) - el gotero drum (n) - el tambor duck (n) - el pato duckling (n) - el patito dump truck (n) - el camin de volteo

empty (adj) - vaco/vaca energy (n) - la energa engine (n) - el motor engine (n) - el locomotora English horn (n) - el corno ingls entrance (n) - la entrada envelope (n) - el sobre equal (adj) - igual equator (n) - el equador eraser (n) - la goma de borrar Europe (n) - Europa evening (n) - el anochecer every (adj) - cada exam (n) - el examen exclamation point (n) - signo de admiracin exercise (v) - hacer ejercicio exit (n) - la salida eye (n) - el ojo eyebrow (n) - la ceja eyedropper (n) - el gotero eyeglasses (n pl) - los lentes eyelash (n) - la pestaa eyelid (n) - el prpado

E F
each (adj) - cada eagle (n) - el guila ear (n) - la oreja early (adj) - temprano earmuffs (n pl) - las orejeras earring (n) - el arete earth (n) - la Tierra earth (n) - tierra earthworm (n) - lombriz de tierra easel (n) - el caballete east (n, adv) - este eat (v) - comer eel (n) - la anguila egg (n) - el huevo eggplant (n) - la berenjena eight (n, adj) - ocho eighteen (n, adj) - dieciocho eighty (n, adj) - ochenta elbow (n) - el codo electric guitar (n) - la guitarra elctrica electricity (n) - la electricidad elephant (n) - el elefante elevator (n) - el ascensor eleven (n, adj) - once elk (n) - alce ellipse (n) - la elipse emerald (n) - la esmeralda face (n) - la cara factory (n) - la fbrica fall (autumn) (n) - el otoo family (n) - la familia fan (n) - el ventilador farm (n) - la granja/la finca fast (adj) - rpido fat (adj) - gordo/gorda father (n) - el padre faucet (n) - el grifo feather (n) - la pluma February (n) - febrero feet (n) - los pies (pl) femur (n) - el fmur fence (n) - la cerca fern (n) - el helecho fiddle (n) - violn fifteen (n, adj) - quince fifty (n, adj) - cincuenta file (n) - la lima fin (n) - la aleta finger (n) - el dedo fingernail (n) - la ua fire (n) - el fuego fire engine (n) - el coche de bomberos, la

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bomba de incendios fire fighter (n) - el bombero (m), la bombera (f) fire hydrant (n) - la boca de aqua, la boca de incendio fireplace (n) - la chimenea firewood (n) - la lea fireworks (n) - los fuegos artificiales (pl) first (adj) - primero/primera fish (n) - el pez, el pescado fish bowl (n) - la pecera fish (v) - pescar fishing rod (n) - caa de pescar five (n, adj) - cinco flag (n) - la bandera flame (n) - la llama flamingo (n) - el flamenco flashlight (n) - la linterna flip-flop (n) - la chancla flour (n) - la harina flower (n) - la flor flowers (n) - flores (pl) flute (n) - la flauta fly (v) - volar fly (n) - la mosca foliage (n) - el follaje folk tales (n) - leyendas folclricas (pl) food (n) - la comida football (n) - el ftbol footprint (n) - la huella del pie footstool (n) - el escabel forehead (n) - la frente forest (n) - el bosque forget-me-nots (n) - nomeolvides (pl) fork (n) - el tenedor forty (n, adj) - cuarenta fossil (n) - fsil four (n, adj) - cuatro fourteen (n, adj) - catorce fox (n) - el zorro freezer (n) - el congelador French horn (n) - el corno de caza Friday (n) - viernes fried egg (n) - el huevo frito friend (n) - el amigo frightened (adj) - asustado frog (n) - la rana fruit (n) - la fruta frying pan (n) - la sartn full (adj) - lleno/llena funnel (n) - el embudo furniture (n) - los muebles (pl) fuselage (n) - el fuselaje

G
galaxy (n) - la galaxia game (n) - el juego garbage can (n) - la recipiente de basura/el basurero garbage truck (n) - el camin de basura garden (n) - el jardn gate (n) - la puerta gazelle (n) - la gacela gem (n) - la gema geography (n) - geografia ghost (n) - el fantasma gift (n) - el regalo gingerbread (n) - el pan de jengibre giraffe (n) - la jirafa girl (n) - la chica, la muchacha, la nia give (v) - dar glass (n) - el vaso glasses (n pl) - los lentes globe (n) - el globo glove (n) - el guante goat (n) - la cabra golf (n) - el golf golf ball (n) - la bola de golf golf clubs (n) - los palos de golf gong (n) - el gong good afternoon - buenas tardes good-bye - adis good evening - buenas noches good morning - buenos dias good night - buenas noches goose (n) - el ganso gorilla (n) - el gorila grandfather (n) - el abuelo grandmother (n) - la abuela grapefruit (n) - la toronja grapes (n pl) - las uvas grass (n) - la hierba/el csped grasshopper (n) - el saltamontes grater (n) - el rallador gray (adj) - gris green (adj) - verde greenhouse (n) - el invernadero guest book (n) - libro de visitas guitar (n) - la guitarra gulf (n) - el golfo

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hair (n) - el pelo hairbrush (n) - el cepillo del pelo,el cepillo de cabeza half (n) - la mitad Halloween - el da de Halloween ham (n) - el jamn hamburger (n) - la hamburguesa hammer (n) - el martillo hammock (n) - la hamaca hamster (n) - la marmota, la rata del trigo hands (n) - las manos hanger (n) - la percha happy (adj) - contenta/contento happy birthday - feliz cumpleaos Happy New Year! - Feliz Ao Nuevo! harp (n) - el arpa hat (n) - el sombrero haystack (n) - pila de heno head (n) - la cabeza healthy (adj) - saludable hear (v) - or heart (n) - el corazn hedgehog (n) - el erizo heel (n) - el taln helicopter (n) - el helicptero Hello - hola! helmet (n) - el casco Help me please. - Aydeme por favor. hemisphere (n) - el hemisferio hen (n) - la gallina hexagon (n) - el hexgono hill (n) - la colina hippopotamus (n) - el hipoptamo hips (n) - las caderas hive (n) - la colmena hoe (n) - la azada, el azadn hog (n) - el cerdo hole (n) - el hoyo holly (n) - el acebo home (n) - el hogar honey (n) - la miel honeycomb (n) - el panal de miel hoof (n) - el casco hook (n) - el gancho horn (n) - el cuerno horn (n) - la trompeta hornet (n) - avispn horse (n) - el caballo horseshoe (n) - la herradura hose (n) - la manguera hot (adj) - caliente hot dog (n) - el perro caliente hour (n) - la hora hour hand (n) - la manecilla de la hora house (n) - la casa How? - Cmo?

How are you? - Cmo ests? How do you say...? - Cmo se dice...? How much does it cost? - Cunto es? hull (n) - el casco hummingbird (n) - el colibr hundred (n, adj) - cien hungry (adj) - hambriento hurricane (n) - el huracn husband (n) - el marido hut (n) - la choza hydrant (n) - la boca de aqua, la boca de incendio hyena (n) - la hiena

I
I (pron) - yo I am... - Estoy... I am called... - (My name is...) Me llamo... I am from... - Soy de... I am fine. - Estoy bien. I am happy. - Estoy alegre. I am hungry. - Tengo hambre. I am lost. - Estoy perdido. I am sad. - Estoy triste. I am sick. (n) - Estoy enfermo. ice (n) - el hielo iceberg (n) - tmpano de hielo ice cream (n) - el helado ice cream cone (n) - el barquillo de helado iced tea (n) - el t helado ice skate (n) - el patin de cuchilla, el patin de hielo icicle (n) - el carmbano idea (n) - la idea I don't know. - No lo s. I don't like it. - No me gusta. I don't speak Spanish. - No hablo espaol. I don't understand. - No entiendo. No comprendo. igloo (n) - el igl I have - tengo I like it. - Me gusta. illusion (n) - la ilusin I love you. - Te amo. in (prep) - en Indian Ocean (n) - el Ocano Indico I need a doctor. - Necesito un mdico. in front of (prep) - delante de ink (n) - la tinta insect (n) - el insecto

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inside (adv, prep) - dentro intersection (n) - la interseccin iris (n) - el iris iris (n) - el lirio iron (n) - la plancha island (n) - la isla isthmus (n) - el istmo ivy (n) - la hiedra I would like... - Me gustaria...

J
jacket (n) - la chaqueta jack-in-the-box (n) - el payaso sorpresa jack-o'-lantern (n) - calabaza iluminada, fuego fatuo jaguar (n) - el jaguar jam (n) - la mermelada January (n) - enero Japan (n) - Japn jar (n) - el tarro jay (n) - el arrendajo jeans (n) - los pantalones vaqueros jelly (n) - la jalea jellyfish (n) - la medusa jet (n) - el avin de reaccin jewel (n) - la joya jewelry (n) - las joyas jigsaw puzzle (n) - el rompecabezas job (n) - la ocupacin jog (v) - trotar jokes (n pl) - bromas jug (n) - la jarra juggle (v) - hacer juegos malabares juice (n) - el jugo July (n) - julio jump (v) - saltar jump rope (n) - la cuerda para brincar June (n) - junio jungle (n) - la selva/la jungla Jupiter (n) - Jpiter

karate (n) - el karate kazoo (n) - el kazoo keel (n) - la quilla kelp (n) - el quelpo, el alga marina kettle (n) - la tetera kettledrum (n) - el timbal key (n) - la llave keyboard (n) - el teclado kids (n) - los nios kilogram (n) - el kilogramo kin (n) - parientes king (n) - el rey kitchen (n) - la cocina kite (n) - la cometa kitten (n) - el gatito knee (n) - la rodilla kneel (v) - arrodillarse knife (n) -el cuchillo knit (v) - tejer knot (n) - el nudo koala (n) - el koala

L
label (n) - la etiqueta labour (n) - el trabajo lace (n) - el encaje lad (n) - el muchacho ladder (n) -la escalera ladle (n) - la cucharn lady (n) - la seora, (young ~) la seorita ladybug (n) - la mariquita lagoon (n) - la laguna lake (n) - el lago lamb (n) - el cordero lame (adj) - cojo lamp (n) - la lmpara lance (n) - la lanza land (n) - la tierra landing gear (n) - el tren de aterrizaje lap (n) - el regazo large (adj) - grande lash (v) - azotar lasso (n) - el lazo last (adj) - ltimo, ltima last night - la noche pasada latch (n) - el picaporte late (adj, adv) - tarde latine (n) - la letrina laugh (v) - rer launch (v) - lanzar laundry (n) - la ropa sucia

K
kaleidoscope (n) - calidoscopio kangaroo (n) - el canguro kapok (n) - el kapoc, el rbol de kapoc

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laundry basket (n) - la canasta para ropa lava (n) - la lava lavish (v) - prodigar law (n) - la ley lawn (n) - el csped lawn mower (n) - la cortadora de csped lay (v) - poner leaf (n) - la hoja league (n) - la liga leak (n) - la gotera leap (v) - saltar learn (v) - aprender leather (n) - la piel, el cuero leave (v) - dejar, (depart from) marcharse de left (adj) - izquierda left-overs (n) - los restos (pl) leg (n) - la pierna legend (n) - la leyenda lemon (n) - el limn lemonade (n) - la limonada leopard (n) - el leopardo less (adv, prep) - menos lesson (n) - la clase let (v) - dejar, (lease) alquilar letter (n) - la carta, (of the alphabet) la letra letterbox (n) - el buzn letters (n) - las letras (pl) lettuce (n) - la lechuga level (n) - el nivel lever (n) - la palanca liar (n) - el mentiroso library (n) - la biblioteca licence (n) - la licencia, (driving ~) el carn de conducir license plate (n) - la placa, la tablilla lick (v) - lamer licorice (n) - el regaliz lid (n) - la tapa lie (v) - echarse lie (v) - (telling lies) mentir lie (n) - la mentira life (n) - la vida light (n) - la luz lightbulb (n) - la bombilla lighten (v) - (give light to) iluminar, aclarar lighter (n) - el mechero lighthouse (n) - el faro lighting (n) - el alumbrado lightning (n) - el relmpago like (v) - gustarle lily (n) - la azucena limb (n) - el miembro lime (n) - la lima line (n) - la lnea lion (n) - el len lip (n) - el labio

list (n) - la lista little (aj) - pequeita, pequeito live (v) - vivir living room (n) - la sala lizard (n) - la lagartija llama (n) - la llama load (n) - la carga load (v) - cargar lobster (n) - la langosta local (adj) - local lock (n) - la cerradura lock (v) - cerrar con llave loft (n) - el desvn log (n) - el leo, tronco de rbol logo (n) - el logotipo lollipop (n) - la paleta long (adj) - largo loo (n) - (fam) les servicios (pl) look (v) - mirar, (seem) parecer, (search) buscar loud (adj) - fuerte lounge (n) - el saln love (n) - el amor lunatic (n) - el loco lunch (n) - el almuerzo lynx (n) - el lince

M
macaroni (n) - macarrones macaw (n) - el guacamayo mad (adj) - enojado magazine (n) - la revista magic (n) - el magia magnet (n) - el imn magnifying glass (n) - lupa mail (n) - el correo mailbox (n) - el buzn mammal (n) - el mamfero mammoth (n) - el mamut man (n) - el hombre many - muchos map (n) - el mapa maple (n) - el arce maracas (n) - las maracas marble (n) - mrmol market (n) - el mercado March (n) - marzo marsupial (n) - el marsupial Mars (n) - Marte mask (n) - el antifaz

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mathematics (n) - matemtica May (n) - mayo maybe - quiz maze (n) - el laberinto me (pron) - yo meadow (n) - el prado meal (n) - la comida measuring cup (n) - la taza medidora meat (n) - la carne medal (n) - la medalla melon (n) - el meln Mercury (n) - Mercurio mermaid (n) - la sirena meteor (n) - el meteoro microscope (n) - el microscopio microwave oven (n) - el horno microondas midnight (n) - medianoche milk (n) - la leche million (n, adj) - milln mineral (n) - el mineral minivan (n) - la minivn minute (n) - el minuto minute hand (n) - el minutero mirror (n) - el espejo mitten (n) - el mitn mom (n) - mam Monday (n) - lunes money (n) - el dinero monkey (n) - el mono monster (n) - el monstruo month (n) - el mes moon (n) - la luna moose (n) - el alce mop (n) - el trapeador more - ms morning (n) - la maana mortar board (n) - el birrete mosquito (n) - el mosquito, el zancudo moth (n) - la polilla, la mariposa nocturna mother (n) - la madre motorcycle (n) - la motocicleta mountain (n) - la montaa mouse (n) - el ratn mouse (n) - el ratn mouth (n) - la boca muffin (n) - el panquecito mug (n) - la taza grande multiplication (n) - la multiplicacin multiply (v) - multiplicar mummy (n) - la momia museum (n) - el museo mushroom (n) - el hongo, el champin el champin (n) - mushroom muskrat (n) - el ratn almizclero music (n) - la msica musician (n) - el msico

mutt (n) - el bobo My name is... - Me llamo...

N
nail (finger, toe)(n) - la ua nail (n) - el clavo naked (adj) - desnudo name (n) - el nombre nandu (n) - el and nanny (n) - la niera nap (n) - el sueecito, (after lunch) la siesta nap (v) - echarse un sueo napkin (n) - la servilleta narcotic (n, adj) - narctico narrow (adj) - estrecho, angosto nasal (adj) - nasal nation (n) - la nacin national (adj) - nacional native (adj) - nativo neck (n) - el cuello necklace (n) - el collar necktie (n) - la corbata need (v) - necesitar, exigir needle (n) - la aguja neighbour (n) - el vecino neighbourhood (n) - la vecindad neither (adv, pron) - ni, ninguno neon (n) - nen nephew (n) - el sobrino Neptune (n) - Neptuno nerve (n) - el nervio nervous (adj) - nervioso nest (n) - el nido net (n) - la red neutral (adj) - neutral, neutro never (adv) - nunca, jams never again - nunca ms new (adj) - nuevo news (n) - las noticias (pl), (on TV) el telediario newspaper (n) - el peridico newt (n) - el tritn New Year (n) - el ao nuevo New Zealand (n) - Nueva Zelanda nice (adj) - agradable, amable, bonito Nice to meet you. - Encantado de conocerle.Mucho gusto. nickel (n) - cinco centavos night (n) - la noche nightgown (n) - el camisa de dormir, el

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camisn nine (n) - nueve nineteen (n) - diecinueve ninety (n) - noventa no (adv) - no noodles (n) - los fideos noon (n) - mediodia north (n) - norte North America (n) - el Amrica del Norte northeast (n) - nordeste northern hemisphere (n) - el hemisferio norte North Pole (n) - el Polo Norte northwest (n) - noroeste nose (n) - la nariz note (n) - la nota notebook (n) - el cuaderno notes (n) - notas (pl) November (n) - noviembre numbers (n) - los nmeros (pl) nurse (n) - el enfermero (m), la enfermera (f) nut (n) - la nuez nut (technical) (n) - la tuerca

ostrich (n) - el avestruz otter (n) - la nutria outdoors (adv) - al aire libre oval (n) - el valo oven (n) - el horno oven mitt (n) - el guante de cocina over (prep, adv) - sobre overalls (n) - los pantalones de trabajo (pl) overcoat (n) - el abrigo, el gabn owl (n) - el bho, la lechuza

P
Pacific Ocean (n) - el Ocano Pacifico pacifier (n) - el chupete package (n) - el paquete paddle (n) - el remo padlock (n) - el candado pail (n) - el balde, la cubeta paint (v) - pintar paintbrush (n) - la brocha, el pincel pajamas (n) - los pijamas palace (n) - el palacio palette (n) - la paleta palm tree (n) - la palma pan (n) - la sartn pants (n) - los pantalones paper (n) - el papel parallel (n) - paralelo parrot (n) - el loro, el papagayo party (n) - la fiesta peach (n) - el durazno, el melocotn peacock (n) - el pavo real pear (n) - la pera peas (n) - los guisantes pebble (n) - la piedrecita pen (n) - la pluma/el bolgrafo pencil (n) - el lpiz penguin (n) - el pingino peninsula (n) - la pennsula penny (n) - un centavo pen pal (n) - amigo por correspondencia pentagon (n) - el pentgono people (n) - la personas pepper (n) - le pimienta percussion instruments (n) - la percuson pet (n) - el animal domstico piano (n) - el piano piccolo (n) - el flautin picture (n) - el cuadro pie (n) - el pastel pig (n) - el cerdo

O
oar (n) - el remo oboe (n) - el oboe ocean (n) - el ocano occupation (n) - la ocupacin octagon (n) - el octgono October (n) - octubre octopus (n) - el pulpo oil (n) - el aceite ok (int) - okay olive (n) - la aceituna Olympics (n) - Olmpico omelet (n) - la tortilla de huevos on top of (prep) - encima de one (n, adj) - uno one half (n) - la mitad onion (n) - la cebolla open (adj) - abierto opposites (n) - los contrarios (pl) orange (adj) - anaranjado orange (n) - la naranja orange juice (n) - el jugo de naranja orangutan (n) - el orangutn orb (n) - el orbe orbit (n) - la rbita orchid (n) - la orqudea

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piggy bank (n) - la alcancia pigeon (n) - la paloma, pichn pillow (n) - la almohada pin (n) - el alfiler pink (adj) - rosa, rosado pinwheel (n) - la rehilandera pirate (n) - el pirata pitcher (n) - la jarra, pichel pitcher (n) - el pitcher pizza (n) - la pizza plane (n) - el avin planet (n) - el planeta planetarium (n) - el planetario plant (n) - la planta plantain (n) - el pltano plate (n) - el plato play (v) - jugar please - por favor Pleased to meet you. - Encantado de conocerle. Please help me. - Aydeme, por favor. Please repeat that. - Podria repetir, por favor? pliers (n) - los alicates plum (n) - ciruela Pluto (n) - Plutn pocket (n) - el bolsillo . point (n) - el punto police officer (n) - la polica polygons (n) - polgonos pond (n) - la laguna, la charca pot (n) - la olla potato (n) - la papa present (n) - el regalo president (n) - el presidente prince (n) - el prncipe princess (n) - la princesa pull (v) - tirar pumpkin (n) - la calabaza pupa (n) - la crislida pupil (n) - la pupila puppet (n) - el ttere puppy (n) - el cachorro purple (adj) - morado purse (n) - el bolso push (v) - empujar puzzle (n) - el rompecabezas pyramid (n) - la pirmide

quadruplet (n) - el cuatrillizo quail (n) - la codorniz quarter (n) - la moneda de 25 centavos quartz (n) - el cuarzo quasar (n) - el quasar queen (n) - la reina question mark (n) - el signo de interrogacin quetzal (n) - el quetzal quicksand (n) - la arena movediza quiet (adj) - callado/callada quilt (n) - el edredn quintuplet (n) - el quintillizo quiz (n) - el examen

R
rabbit (n) - el conejo raccoon (n) - el mapache racket (n) - la raqueta radar (n) - el radar radio (n) - la radio rain (n) - la lluvia rainbow (n) - el arco iris raincoat (n) - el impermeable rain forest (n) - el bosque tropical rake (n) - el rastrillo rake (v) - rastrillar raspberry (n) - la frambuesa rat (n) - la rata read (v) - leer receive (v) - recibir recipe (n) - receta de cocina rectangle (n) - el rectngulo red (adj) - rojo refrigerator (n) - el refrigerador/la nevera reindeer (n) - el reno remote control (n) - el control remoto rhinoceros (n) - el rinoceronte ribbon (n) - la cinta riddle (n) - enigma right - derecha ring (n) - el anillo river (n) - el ro roach (n) - la cucaracha road (n) - el camino roadrunner (n) - el correcamino robin (n) - el petirrojo robot (n) - el robot rock (n) - la piedra/la roca rocket (n) - aeronave cohete

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roll (n) - el panecillo/bollo roller skates (n) - los patinos de ruedas rolling pin (n) - el rodillo de amasar roof (n) - el techo room (n) - el cuarto rooster (n) - el gallo rope (n) - la soga/la cuerda rose (n) - la rosa ruby (n) - rub rug (n) - la alfombra ruler (n) - la regla run (v) - correr

S
sack (n) - el saco / la bolsa sad (adj) - triste safari (n) - el safari safety pin (n) - el imperdible sail (n) - la vela sailboat (n) - el barco de vela saint (n) - el santo salad (n) - la ensalada salami (n) - el salchichn sale (n) - la venta saliva (n) - la saliva salt (n) - la sal same (adj) - igual, mismo sand (n) - la arena sandals (n) - las sandalias sandcastle (n) - el castillo de arena sandpaper (n) - el papel de lija sandwich (n) - el bocadillo satellite (n) - el satlite Saturday (n) - sbado Saturn (n) - Saturno sauce (n) - la salsa sauna (n) - la sauna sausage (n) - el chorizo save (v) - salvar, ahorrar, evitar saw (n) - el serrucho, sierra saxophone (n) - el saxfono say (v) - decir scale (n) - la balanza scar (n) - la cicatriz scarce (adj) - escaso scare (v) - asustar scared (adj) - asustado, temeroso scarf (n) - la bufanda school (n) - la escuela science (n) - la ciencia

scissors (n) - las tijeras (pl) scorpion (n) - el alacrn scream (v) - gritar screw (n) - el tornillo screwdriver (n) - el destornillador scroll (n) - rollo de papel sea (n) - el mar sea gull (n) - la gaviota seahorse (n) - caballito de mar seal (n) - la foca seashore (n) - la orilla del mar seasons (n) - las estaciones (pl) second (adj) - segundo second (n) - el segundo second hand (n) - el segundero see (v) - ver seesaw (n) - el balancn See you later. - Hasta luego. semicircle (n) - semicirculo September (n) - septiembre seven - siete seventeen - diecisiete seventy - setenta sew (v) - coser shampoo (n) - el champ shapes (n) - las formas (pl) shark (n) - el tiburn sheep (n) - la oveja, el carnero shelf (n) - el estante shell (n) - la concha ship (n) - el barco shirt (n) - la camisa shoe (n) - el zapato short (n) - baja / bajo shoulder (n) - el hombro shovel (n) - la pala shrimp (n) - el camaron sick (adj) - enferma / enfermo sidewalk (n) - la acera sing (v) - cantar sink (bathroom) (n) - el lavabo sink (kitchen) (n) - el fregadero sister (n) - la hermana sit (n) - sentarse six (n, adj) - seis sixteen (n, adj) - diecisis sixty (n, adj) - sesenta skeleton (n) - el esqueleto skirt (n) - la falda skull (n) - el crneo sky (n) - el cielo skyscraper (n) - el rascacielos sleep (v) - dormir sleeping bag (n) - el saco de dormir slide (n) - el tobogn slide (v) - deslizar

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slipper (n) - la zapatilla slow (adj) - lenta / lento small (adj) - pequea / pequeo smell (v) - oler smell (n) - el olor smile (n) - la sonrisa snail (n) - el caracol snake (n) - la culebra / la serpiente snow (n) - la nieve snowflake (n) - el copo de nieve snowman (n)- el mueco de nieve soap (n) - el jabn soccer ball (n)- el ftbol sock (n) - el calcetin sofa (n) - el sof soil (n) - el suelo soldier (n) - el soldado son (n) - el hijo soul (n) - la alma sound (n) - el sonido, el ruido sound (v) - sonar soup (n) - la sopa sour (adj) - agrio source (n) - la fuente south (n) - el sur south (adv) - hacia el sur South America - el Amrica del Sur southeast (n) - el sudeste Southern Hemisphere (n) - el hemisferio sur Southern Ocean (n) - el Ocano Antrtico South Pole (n) - el Polo Sur southwest (n) - el sudeste soya bean (n) - la soja spa (n) - el balneario space (n) - el espacio space shuttle (n) - el transbordador espacial spacesuit (n) - el traje espacial spade (n) - la pala spaghetti (n) - espaguetis (pl) Spain (n) - Espaa Spanish (n, adj) - espaol spanner (n) - la llave spatula (n) - la esptula speak (v) - hablar spear (n) - la lanza special (adj) - especial speed (n) - la velocidad spell (magic) (n) - el hechizo spell (v) - escribir sphere (n) - la esfera spine (n) - la espina dorsal spider (n) - la araa spiral (n) - el espiral sponge (n) - la esponja

spool (n) - el carrete spoon (n) - la cucharita sports (n) - los deportes (pl) spray can (n) - el spray spring (n) - la primavera square (n) - el cuadrado squid (n) - el calamar squirrel (n) - la ardilla stable (n) - el establo stamp (n) - el timbre postal, el sello postal, la estampilla stapler (n) - la engrapadora star (n) - la estrella steak (n) - el bistec stem (n) - el tallo stingray (n) - raya stone (n) - la piedra stool (n) - el escabel stop (v) - parar stop sign (n) - la seal de alto store (n) - la tienda, el almacn storm (n) - la tormenta story (n) - la historia stove (n) - el horno strait (n) - el estrecho strawberry (n) - la fresa street (n) - la calle string (n) - el cordel string instruments (n) - instrumentos de cuerda (pl) subtract (v) - restar subtraction (n) - la resta suitcase (n) - la maleta summer (n) - el verano sun (n) - el sol Sunday (n) - domingo sunflower (n) - el girasol sunglasses (n) - las gafas de sol (pl) sunrise (n) - el amanecer sunset (n) - el atardecer swan (n) - el cisne swimsuit (n) - el traje de bao sword (n) - la espada

T
table (n) - la mesa tadpole (n) - el renacuajo tag (n) - la etiqueta tail (n) - la cola tale (n) - cuento talk (v) - hablar

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tall (adj) - alta, alto tambourine (n) - el pandero tanker (n) - camin cisterna tape (n) - la cinta tape measure (n) - la cinta mtrica tar (n) - la brea target (n) - el blanco taste (v) - probar taxi (n) - el taxi tea (n) - el t teach (v) - ensear teacher (n) - el maestro, la maestra team (n) - el equipo teapot (n) - tetera teddy bear (n) - oso de peluche tee (n) - el tee telephone (n) - el telfono telescope (n) - el telescopio television (n) - la tele, la televisin ten (n, adj) - diez tennis (n) - el tenis tennis racket (n) - la raqueta tent (n) - la tienda de campaa tern (n) - golondrina test (n) - la prueba thank (v) - agradecer, dar las gracias thank you - gracias thermometer (n) - el termmetro thin (adj) - delgado think (v) - pensar thirteen (n, adj) - trece thirty (n, adj) - treinta thousand (n, adj) - mil thread (n) - el hilo three (n, adj) - tres throw (v) - tirar, aventar, echar thumb (n) - el pulgar thumbtack (n) - la chinche Thursday (n) - jueves tickle (v) - hacer cosquillas tie (n) - la corbata tiger (n) - el tigre time (n) - el tiempo tire (n) - la llanta toad (n) - el sapo toadstool (n) - agrico toaster (n) - la tostador today (adv) - hoy toddler (n) - el nio pequeo toes (n) - los dedos de los pies toilet (n) - el inodoro tomato (n) - el tomate, el jitomate tongue (n) - la lengua tongue twister (n) - trabalenguas toolbox (n) - la caja de las herramientas tools (n) - las herramientas

tooth (n) - el diente toothbrush (n) - el cepillo de dientes toothpaste (n) - la pasta dentfrica, la crema dental tornado (n) - el tornado toucan (n) - el toucan touch (v) - tocar towel (n) - la toalla town (n) - el pueblo tow truck (n) - la gra toys (n) - los juguetes tractor (n) - el tractor traffic light (n) - el semforo train (n) - el tren trapezoid (n) - trapezoide trash can (n) - el cubo de basura, el basurero tree (n) - el rbol triangle (n) - el tringulo trillion (n) - billn triplets (n) - las trillizos trombone (n) - el trmbon de varas truck (n) - el camin trumpet (n) - la trompeta trunk (n) - la trompa trunk (n) - el bal trunk (n) - la maletera trunk (n) - el tronco tuba (n) - la tuba tube (n) - el tubo Tuesday (n) - martes tulip (n) - el tulipn turtle (n) - la tortuga TV (n) - la tele, la televisin twelve (n, adj) - doce twenty (n, adj) - veinte twins (n) - los gemelos two (n, adj) - dos

U
ugly (adj) - feo umbrella (n) - la sombrilla/el paraguas uncle (n) - el to under (prep) - debajo de undershirt (n) - la franela understand (v) - comprender underwear (n) - la ropa interior unhappy (adj) - infeliz unicorn (n) - el unicornio uniform (n) - el uniforme

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United States (n) - Estados Unidos up (adv) - arriba upside down - a revs Uranus (n) - Urano urn (n) - el jarrn us (pron) - nos utensils (n) - los utensilios

V
vacuum cleaner (n) - la aspiradora valentine card (n) - tarjeta del Da de San Valentn valley (n) - el valle van (n) - la minivn vase (n) - el jarrn, el florero vat (n) - la tina vegetables (n) - la verdura vehicle (n) - el vehculo Venus (n) - Venus vertebra (n) - la vrtebra vest (n) - el chaleco videotape (n) - la videocinta village (n) - el pueblo, la aldea vine (n) - la via viola (n) - la viola violet (adj) - violeta violin (n) - el violn volcano (n) - el volcn vortex (n) - el vrtice vote (v) - voto vowel (n) - la vocal vulture (n) - el buitre

W
wagon (n) - el carretn waist (n) - la cintura walk (v) - caminar, andar wall (n) - la pared wallet (n) - la cartera walnut (n) - nuez walrus (n) - la morsa washer (n) - la rondana wasp (n) - la avispa wastebasket (n) - la papelera watch (n) - el reloj water (n) - el agua

water bottle (n) - la cantimplora waterfall (n) - la cascada watering can (n) - la regadera watermelon (n) - la sanda wave (n) - la ola wave (v) - saludar a alguien con la mano we (pron) - nostros weasel (n) - comadreja weather (n) - el tiempo web (n) - telaraa, tela de araa wedge (n) - la cua wedge (n) - el wedge Wednesday (n) - mircoles weep (v) - llorar west (n, adv) - oeste whale (n) - la ballena what - qu What color is it? - Qu color es este? What is your favorite color? - Cul es tu color favorito? What is your name? - Cmo te llamas? What hour is it? - Qu hora es? What time is it? - Cundo es? wheel (n) - la rueda wheelbarrow (n) - la carretilla wheelchair (n) - la silla de ruedas when - cundo where - dnde Where are you from? - De dnde eres? Where is the bathroom? - Donde esta el bao? ?? which - cul whisk (n) - el batidor de mano whistle (n) - el silbato white (adj) - blanco White House (n) - la Casa Blanca who - quin why - por qu wide (adj) - ancho wife (n) - la esposa wig (n) - la peluca wiggle (v) - contonear, menear windmill (n) - el molino de viento window (n) - la ventana wing (n) - el ala winter (n) - el invierno wish (n) - el deseo wishbone (n) - el hueso de la suerte, la espoleta witch (n) - bruja wok (n) - el wok wolf (n) - el lobo woman (n) - la mujer wood (n) - la madera woodpecker (n) - el pjaro carpintero woodwinds (n pl) - el viento-madera

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word (n) - la palabra world (n) - el mundo work (v) - trabajar worm (n) - el gusano wrench (n) - la llave de boca write (v) - escribir

Food Glossary Spanish English A

aceite - oil aceite de oliva - olive oil aceituna - olive adj nutritivo - nourishing agridulce - sweet and sour agrio - sour agrio/cido - bitter agua de coco - coconut milk aguacate palta (S.Am) - avocado ajo - garlic albahaca - basil albahaca - sweet basil albardilla - batter albndiga - meatball alcachofa - artichoke alcaparras - capers alioli - garlic mayonnaise almejas - clams almendras - almonds almbar - syrup alubias - pulses alubias negras - black beans alubias rojas - kidney beans anchoa - anchovy aadir - add apagar - turn off apio - celery aplanar - roll out aplastar/aplanar - flatten arndano (rojo y agrio) -cranberry arenque - herring arenque ahumado - kipper arroz -rice asado/asar -roast aspic, galantina -aspic atar -tie atn -tuna azafrn - saffron azucar -sugar azcar blanca de granulado muy fino -caster sugar azcar glace -icing sugar

X
x-ray (n) - radiografa xylophone (n) - el xilfono

Y
yacht (n) - el yate yak (n) - el yac yam (n) - el ame yard (n) - el patio yardstick (n) - la yarda yarn (n) - la lana/el hilo year (n) - el ao yell (v) - gritar yellow (adj) - amarillo yes - si yogurt (n) - el yogur yoke (n) - la yunta yolk (n) - la yema de huevo young (adj) - joven You're welcome. - De nada.

Z
zebra (n) - la cebra zeppelin (n) - el zepeln zero (adj, n) - cero (nm) zigzag (adj) - el zigzag zinnia (n) - rascamoo, la zinia zipper (n) - el cierre zither (n) - la ctara zone (n) - la zona zoo (n) - el parque zoolgico zoologist (n) - el zologo zucchini (n) - el calabacin

B
bacon - beicn bacalao -cod

97

bacalao salado -salt cod barbacoa / parrillada -barbeque barra -loaf batir -whisk batido (de leche) - milkshakebechamel -bechamel sauce beicn -bacon bellota -acorn berenjena -aubergine berenjena -eggplant berro -watercress besugo -sea bream bistec -steak bocadillo-sandwich (with Spanish bread) boquernes - fresh anchovies in vinegar (a popular tapa) boniato , batata , camote (Andes, Mx) sweet potato borde -edge borraja -borage brcoli, brcol-broccoli brotes de soja -bean sprouts (soyabean) budn, pudn, pudding; (postre) -pudding

C
calabacn -courgette calabacn,calabacita, zapallito-zucchini calabaza -marrow calabaza (peru) zapallo-pumpkin calamar -squid caldo-broth caldo -stock calentar -heat calentar -warm canela - cinnamon canelones -canneloni cangrejo S.Amer (m) jaiba -crab capa -layer caraco - snail caramelo duro hecho con azcar y mantequilla -butterscotch carne -flesh carne -meat carne de salchicha-sausage meat carne picada -mince cscara -rind cscaras -shells castao -chestnut cazo -pan cazo -saucepan cazn -dogfish cebolla -onion cebolleta -shallot

cebolleta, cebolln, cebolla de verdeo, chalote, chalota -scallion (young onion) cepillar -brush cerdo -pork cerdo picado -mince pork championes -mushrooms chcharo (Mxican)-pea chive (hierba) -chive (herb) chocolate -chocolate chorizo - Spanish chorizo sausage chorrear un poco -trickle chorrito -dash cilantro, culantro-coriander ciruela -plum ciruela (seca)-prune clara de huevo -egg white clavo (de olor) -clove cocer al horno -bake cocinar -cook cocinar a fuego lento-simmer coco -coconut cocoa (en polvo) -cocoa powder codorniz -quail cogollo -heart (of cabbage, lettuce) col -cabbage colar-strain coles de Bruselas -brussel sprouts coliflor -cauliflower colorante alimenticio -food coloring combinar -combine comida-food comida basura, porqueras -junk food comilona -a nosh up comino -cumin comiso - packed lunch completamente -thoroughly condimento -seasoning conejo -rabbit congelado -frozen congrio -conger eel conservante-preservative conservar-preserve consistencia -consistency coac-brandy copos de avena -oats copos de maz tostados-cornflakes corazones de alcachofas -hearts of artichoke cordero-lamb cortado en cuatro -quartered cortar -trim cortar en cuadritos -diced cortar en lonchas finas -thinly slice cosa para pelar patatas -potato peeler costillas -ribs costillas -spare ribs crema pastelero -confectioner's custard

98

crepe -pancake crudo -raw crujiente, crocante-crispy cuajar -curdle cuajo -rennet cubrir -cover cuchara (grande o de servir) -tablespoon cuchara de medir-measuring spoon cucharada -spoon cucharita, cucharilla -teaspoon cucharones -ladles cuenco -bowls cuscurro -crouton

D
dar la vuelta -turn de grano grueso -coarse de horno -ovenproof dehuesado -boned dejar en adobo, marinar -marinade, marinate derretido-melted derretir -melt desayuno (n), v. desayunar-breakfast descansar -rest despensa -larder dientes de ajo -cloves of garlic dividir en dos -halve doblar -fold donut, rosquilla-doughnut dorado -golden dorar -v. brown dulce -sweet dulce de membrillo-quince cheese/jelly

enfriar -chill engrasado -greased engrasar -oil entero -whole escaldar-scald escalfado -poached escurrir -drain espaguetis -spaghetti esprrago -asparagus espesar -thicken espeso -stiff espesura, grueso -thickness espinacas -spinach espuma -foam espumadera -slotted spoon estofado-casserole estofado -stew estofado de liebre -jugged hare exprimir -squeeze

F
fcula -potato starch filetes -fillets formas -shapes frer -fry fresa -strawberry frigorfico -fridge frijol -lima bean frijoles refritos -refried beans frotar -rub fruta-fruit fuego fuerte -high heat

E
empanada, empanadilla -pasty en lata -tinned en trozos -sliced en trozos menudos -finely chopped en vez de -instead of encender-light enchilada (Mexican tortilla with a meat or cheese filling, served with a tomato and chili sauce) endibias -endives endivia, (in coffee) achicoria -chicory endulzante-sweetener endulzar, azucarar -sweeten eneldo - dill

G
galleta -cookie galleta salada (generalmente en forma de 8) pretzel gambas -prawns gancho de carnicero -meathook garbanzos -chick peas gazpacho - Cold tomato soup See recipe gelatina -gelatine gelatina -jelly goloso -Sweet toothed granos de pimienta-peppercorns grasa -grease gratinar -grill grisn, coln-bread stick

99

grueso, espeso -thick guarnicin -garnish guayaba -guava guisantes -peas

K
kilo - un kilo

H
habas -broad beans habas/habichuelas/alubias/frijol-beans habas con jamn - see recipe habichuelas (Mx) ejote -green beans hacer pur -mash harina -flour harina de maz -cornflour helado -ice cream hervir -boil hierba - herb hierba doncella - myrtle (AmE), periwinkle (BrE) hierbabuena - mint hierbaluisa - lemon verbena higado -liver higo - fig higo chumbo - prickly pear hinojo -fennel hoja -leaf hoja del cuchillo -blade of a knife hojaldre -puff pastry hojas -leaves horno -oven hueco-dent hueso/espina -bone hueva -roe huevera -eggcup huevo-egg huevo duro-hard boiled egg

L
lado -side lata -can lata -tin laurel -bayleaf lavar -wash lean - meat magro, sin grasa leche - milk leche cuajada -junket lechoso - milky (con mucha leche) lechuga -lettuce lechn (cochinillo) suckling pig lentamente -gradually lentejas -lentils levadura (en polvo) -baking powder liebre -hare lima -lime limn -lemon limpiar con agua -rinse limpiar con un pao -wipe lista de la compra -shopping list

M
machacar-grind maduro -ripe magdalena -cupcake magro - lean (meat) mahonesa - mayonnaise maz tierno, elote (Mx), choclo (AmS), jojoto (Ven)-sweetcorn manteca, grasa de cerdo-lard mantequilla -butter manzana -apple mariscos -seafood mariscos-shellfish masa -dough masa horneada a base de leche, huevos y harina que se sirve tradicionalmente con el rosbif -Yorkshire pudding mayonesa-mayonnaise mejillones -mussels melaza -molasses melocotn, durazno (AmL) -peach meln (de pulpa verdosa muy dulce) honeydew melon

I
ingredientes -ingredients

J
jabal -wild boar jamn -ham jamn York -cooked ham jarra graduada-measuring jug jerez -sherry jugo/zumo -juice jugoso -juicy juliana -julienne

100

membrillo-quince menta -mint merluza -hake mezclar -mix miel -honey migas de pan/pan rallado-breadcrumbs molido, pulverizado -ground mollejas, lechecillas -sweetbreads mollete - muffin mora - blackberry morcilla - black pudding morcn - blood sausage mortero -mortar mostaza -mustard muslo de pollo -drumstick (chicken) mustard - mostaza

N
naranja -orange nata -cream nata agria -sour cream nata montada -whipped cream nectarina -nectarine no engordante-non fattening nueces (de california) -walnuts nuez de mantequilla -knob of butter nuez moscada -nutmeg

O
onza (28,35 gramos) -ounce organo -oregano

P
palitos de queso -cheese straws pan-bread pan zimo, pan sin levadura-unleavened (bread) pan de molde -sliced bread pan duro -stale bread pan integral -brown bread panera (para guardar el pan) -breadbin papel de cocina -kitchen tissue pasa (de uva)-raisin pasta -pasta pastel -cake patata frita -chip patatas -potatoes patatas a lo pobre - fried potatoes with green peppers see recipe

patatas fritas -crisps patatas fritas-french fries pato -duck pechuga de pollo -chicken breast pedazo grande -wedge pelado -peeled pelado -skinned pelar -peel pepinillo -gherkins pepino-cucumber pepitas (trocitos) de pollo -chicken nuggets perdiz -partridge perejil -parsley perro or perrito caliente, pancho-hot dog pescado -fish picante -spicy picar -chop piel/pelar -skin pimentn -paprika pimienta -pepper pimienta cayena -cayenne pepper pimiento rojo -red pepper pimiento verde -green pepper pia -pineapple piones -pine kernels pizca -pinch pizza -pizza pltano -banana plato -dish plato principal, segundo plato -main course pochar -fry ... until soft pollo -chicken poner -arrange poner trocitos encima -dot with postre-dessert productos alimenticios, comestibles foodstuffs puerros -leeks punto de ebullicin -boiling point punto de fusin -melting point puado -handful pur -pure

Q
queso con membrillo cheese with quince jelly queso de Burgos soft white cheese queso de bola Dutch cheese queso de oveja sheep's cheese queso del pais local cheese queso gallego creamy cheese queso cheese quisquillas shrimps

101

R
Ribeiro Galician white wine Rioja good wine from Logroo ragout de ternera veal ragout rape a la americana white fish with brandy and herbs rape a la cazuela stewed white fish rape a la plancha grilled white fish raviolis ravioli raya skate redondo al horno roast fillet of beef remolacha beetroot repollo cabbage repostera de la casa cakes baked on the premises requeson cream cheese/cottage cheese revuelto de ajos tiernos scrambled egg with spring garlic revuelto de angulas scrambled egg with baby eels revuelto de gambas scrambled egg with prawns revuelto de sesos scrambled egg with brains revuelto de trigueros scrambled egg with asparagus revuelto mixto scrambled eggs with mixed vegetables riones al jerez kidneys with sherry riones kidneys rodaballo turbot romero rosemary ron rum roscas sweet pastries rbanos radish

salsa para acompaar los diferentes bocaditos que se sirven con el aperitivo, en una fiesta etc -dip salsa trtara -tartar sauce saltear -saut sandwichera -sandwich toaster sardinas -sardines sartn -frying pan sazonar -season with salt secar -dry sellar-seal semillas -seeds sidra -cider sofrer - to saut, fry lightly sofrito - lightly fried solomillo-sirloin steak solomillo -tenderloin steak suero (de la leche) -buttermilk sumergir-dip

T
tabla de cortar el pan -breadboard tallarines -noodles tallo -stalk tamale (ground maize and sometimes meat or a sweet filling wrapped in a banana or maize leaf)-tamal tamizar -sieve tapadera -lid tarta de queso-cheesecake taza para medir -measuring cup ternera picada -minced beef ternera (de animal muy joven y de carne plida) -veal ternera, carne de vaca, res-beef tibio -tepid tierno -tender tiritas -strips tocino-pork fat tocino entreverado -streaky bacon tofu, queso de soja -tofu tomates -tomatoes tomillo -thyme torrija, torreja, tostada que se vende en paquetes, biscote -french toast tortilla de patatas - Spanish omelette tortilla - (mexican) unleaved bread used to put food in tostado -toasted transferir -transfer triturar -liquidise trucha -trout

S
sabor -taste sacar con cuchara -spoon sal -salt salado-salted salchicha -sausage salchicha envuelta en hojaldre -sausage roll salmn -salmon salmonete -red mullet salmpimentar -season with salt and pepper salpicar -sprinkle salsa -sauce salsa de soja -soy sauce salsa hecha a base de miga de pan y leche bread sauce

102

U
untar -smear untar con mantequilla-butter (v)

B
bacon - beicn bake - cocer al horno baking powder - levadura (en polvo) banana - pltano barbeque - barbacoa / parrillada basil - albahaca bass (sea bass) lubina; (stone bass) cherna basting - rociando batter - albardilla bayleaf - laurel beans - habas/habichuelas/alubias/frijol bean sprouts (soyabean) - brotes de soja bechamel sauce - bechamel beef - ternera, carne de vaca, res beetroot - remolacha (Mx) betabel (Chi) betarraga bitter - agrio/cido black beans - alubias negras blackberry - mora blade of a knife - hoja del cuchillo blanch - escaldar blancmange - crema de maizena boil - hervir boiling point - punto de ebullicin bone - hueso/espina boned - dehuesado borage - borraja bowl - cuenco brandy - coac bread - pan breadbin - panera (para guardar el pan) breadboard - tabla de cortar el pan breadcrumbs - migas de pan/pan rallado bread sauce - salsa hecha a base de miga de pan y leche bread stick - grisn, coln breakfast - n. desayuno, v. desayunar breast - (of chicken) pechuga broad beans - habas broccoli - brcoli, brcol broth - caldo brown - dorar brown bread - pan integral brush - v. cepillar n.cepillo brussel sprouts - coles de Bruselas butter - mantequilla butter - untar con mantequilla buttermilk - suero (de la leche) butterscotch - caramelo duro hecho con azcar y mantequilla

V
vaciar -empty vapor -steamer verter -pour vinagre -vinegar vodka -vodka volver -return

W
whisky whisky

Y
yema de huevo -egg yolk yemas -yolks

Z
zanahoria -carrot

Food Glossary English Spanish

A
achieved - logrado acorn - bellota add - aadir almonds -almendras anchovy - anchoa apple - manzana arrange - poner artichoke -alcachofa asparagus - esprrago aspic - aspic, galantina aubergine - berenjena avocado - aguacate palta (S.Am)

103

C
cabbage - col cake - pastel can - lata canneloni - canelones capers - alcaparras carrot - zanahoria carve (meat) - cortar/ trinchar la carne casserole - estofado caster sugar - azcar blanca de granulado muy fino catering - (to do the) encargarse del servicio de comida y bebida cauliflower - coliflor cayenne pepper - pimienta cayena celery - apio cheese - queso cheesecake - tarta de queso cheese straws - palitos de queso chestnut - castao chicken - pollo chicken breast - pechuga de pollo chicken nuggets - pepitas (trocitos) de pollo chicory - endivia, (in coffee) achicoria chick peas - garbanzos chill - enfriar chip - patata frita chive (herb) - chive (hierba) chocolate - chocolate chop - (cut up) picar chop - chuleta, costilla cider - sidra cinnamon - canela clams - almejas clove - clavo (de olor) cloves of garlic - dientes de ajo coat - rebozar coarse - de grano grueso cochinillo - suckling pig cocoa powder - cocoa (en polvo) coconut - coco coconut milk - agua de coco cod - bacalao combine - combinar confectioner's custard - crema pastelero conger eel - congrio consistency -consistencia cook - cocinar cooked ham - jamn York cookie - galleta coriander - cilantro, culantro cornflakes - copos de maz tostados cottage cheese - requesn

cottage pie - pastel de carne cubierta con pur de patatas cornflour - harina de maz courgette - calabacn cover - cubrir crackling - (crisp pork rind) piel crujiente y tostada del cerdo asado crab - cangrejo - S.Amer (m) jaiba cranberry - arndano (rojo y agrio) crayfish - (mar) langosta (pequea), cigala (Ro) cangrejo de ro cream - nata cream - (single cream) crema lquida, nata lquida cream - (double cream) nata para montar cream - (whipped cream) nata montada crisps - patatas fritas crispy - crujiente, crocante crouton - cuscurro cucumber - pepino cupcake - magdalena curdle - cuajar cumin - comino

D
dash - chorrito dent - hueco dessert - postre diced - cortar en cuadritos diet - (special food) rgimen, dieta diet - to be/go on a diet -estar/ponerse a rgimen dietician, dietitian - dietista, experto en diettica digestive biscuit - galleta integral dill - eneldo dining hall - refectorio dining room - comedor dining-room table - mesa de comedor dinnertime - hora de cenar,comer,almorzar dip - sumergir dip - salsa para acompaar los diferentes bocaditos que se sirven con el aperitivo, en una fiesta etc dish - plato dogfish - cazn dot with - poner trocitos encima dough - masa doughnut - donut, rosquilla drain - escurrir dress - (salad) aliar dressed crab - cangrejo preparado dressing - (noun) alio drumstick (chicken) - muslo de pollo

104

dry - secar duck - pato

E
edge - borde egg - huevo eggcup - huevera eggnog - ponche de huevo, flip, rompn, rompope eggplant - berenjena egg timer - reloj de arena (de tres minutos) egg white - clara de huevo egg yolk - yema de huevo empty - vaciar enchilada - enchilada endives - endibias

F
fennel - hinojo fillets - filetes filling - relleno finely - en trozos menudos fish - pescado flatten - aplastar/aplanar flesh - carne flour - harina foam - espuma food - comida food coloring - colorante alimenticio foodstuffs - productos alimenticios, comestibles fold - doblar fold sth INTO sth - incorporar algo A algo fork - (noun) tenedor freeze - congelar freezer - congelador french fries - patatas fritas french toast - torrija, torreja, biscote fridge - frigorfico frozen - congelado fruit - fruta fry - frer fry ... until soft - pochar frying pan - sartn

gelatine - gelatina get rid of - quitar gherkins - pepinillo ginger - jengibre glaze - n. glaseado v. glasear golden - dorado goose - ganso gooseberry - grosella espinosa, uva espina goosefish (angler fish) - rape goulash - estofado al estilo hngaro gourmet - gourmet, gastrnomo gradually - lentamente Granary bread / flour - con granos de trigo malteado granulated sugar - azcar granulada, grape - uva grapefruit - pomelo grated - rallado gravy - salsa (hecha con el jugo de la carne) gravy boat - salsera grease - grasa greased - engrasado grease - (with butter) enmantequillar, untar con mantequilla grease - (with oil) aceitar greaseproof paper - papel encerado or parafinado, greaseproof paper - papel manteca (RPl), papel mantequilla gray mullet - lisa, mjol greedy - (for food, drink) glotn, angurriento greengage - ciruela claudia greengrocer - verdulero green pepper - pimiento verde green beans - habichuelas (Mx) ejote griddle - plancha gridiron - parrilla ground - molido, pulverizado grill - gratinar grill - asar a la parrilla or a las brasas grind - machacar gristle - cartlago groundnut - cacahuete (Mx) cacahuate gruel - gachas guava - guayaba

H
haddock - abadejo hake - merluza halve - dividir en dos, partir por la mitad ham - jamn handful - puado hang - (game) manir hard-boiled egg - huevo duro

G
garlic - ajo garnish - guarnicin

105

hare - liebre heart (of cabbage, lettuce) - cogollo hearts of artichoke - corazones de alcachofas heat - calentar herb -hierba herb garden - herbario herring - arenque high heat - fuego fuerte honey - miel honeydew melon - meln (de pulpa verdosa muy dulce) hot dog - perro or perrito caliente, pancho

kumquat - naranjita china, kumquat, quinoto

L
ladles - cucharones lamb - cordero lard - manteca, grasa de cerdo larder - despensa layer - capa layer - poner en capas leaf - hoja leaves - hojas leeks - puerros lemon - limn lentils - lentejas lettuce - lechuga lid - tapadera light - encender lima bean - frijol lime - lima liquidise - triturar liver - higado loaf - barra

I
ice cream - helado icing sugar - azcar glace ingredients - ingredientes instead of - en vez de

J
jam - mermelada jam jar - tarro para mermelada jelly - (as dessert) gelatina jelly - (clear jam) jalea jelly - (savory) gelatina, aspic jugged hare - estofado de liebre juice - jugo/zumo juicy - jugoso junket - leche cuajada junk food - comida basura, porqueras julienne - juliana

M
marrow - calabaza main course - plato principal, segundo plato marinade, marinate - dejar en adobo, marinar mash - hacer pur mature - (cheese, wine, whisky) aejo mayonnaise - mayonesa mead - hidromiel, aguamiel measuring cup - taza para medir measuring jug - jarra graduada measuring spoon - cuchara de medir meat - carne meatball - albndiga meathook - gancho de carnicero medium-sized - de tamao mediano melt - derretir melted - derretido melting point - punto de fusin milk - la leche milk shake - batido, (de leche) milky - lechoso coffee / tea con mucha leche mince - carne picada minced beef - ternera picada mince pork - cerdo picado mint - menta mix - mezclar mixer - (food mixer) - batidora

K
kidney beans - alubias rojas kidney - rion kipper - arenque kitchen - cocina kitchen foil - papel de aluminio kitchen sink - fregadero kitchenware - artculos de cocina kitchen tissue - papel de cocina kiwi - un kiwi knife - cuchillo knife grinder - afilador knob of butter - nuez de mantequilla knucklebone - (of pork) hueso de codillo knucklebone - (of veal) hueso de caa

106

mixing bowl - bol, tazn molasses - melazaf monkfish - rape mortar - mortero muffin - (US) mollete (bollo dulce hecho con huevos) (UK) bollo de pan que suele servirse tostado mulberry - mora (de morera) mushrooms- championes mussels - mejillones mustard - mostaza

N
nectarine - nectarina noodles - tallarines non-fattening - no engordante a nosh up - comilona nourishing - adj nutritivo nutmeg - nuez moscada

O
oats - copos de avena offal - despojos, asaduras, achuras, oil - aceite oil - engrasar omelette - (only eggs) = tortilla francesa omelette - (with potatoes) = tortilla onion - cebolla olive - aceituna olive oil - aceite de oliva orange - naranja oregano - organo oven - horno ovenproof - de horno ounce - onza (28,35 gramos) oxtail - rabo de buey oyster - ostra, ostin

pea - guisante, chcharo (Mxican) peach - melocotn, durazno (AmL) peanut - cacahuete, man peanut butter - mantequilla de cacahuete pearl barley - cebada perlada pecan - (nut) pacana, nuez (Mx) peel - pelar peeled - pelado pepper - pimienta peppercorns - granos de pimienta pie - empanada, pastel, (hojaldre relleno de carne, verduras o fruta) pinch - pizca pine kernels - piones pizza - pizza pineapple - pia plum - ciruela poached - escalfado poppyseed - semilla de amapola pork - cerdo pork fat - tocino potato peeler - cosa para pelar patatas potato starch - fcula potatoes - patatas pour - verter prawns - gambas preservative - conservante preserve - conservar preserve (jam, jelly) confitura, mermelada preserve (fruit in syrup) (BrE) conserva pretzel - galleta salada (generalmente en forma de 8) prune - ciruela (seca) pudding - budn, pudn, pudding; (postre) puff pastry - hojaldre pulses - alubias pumpkin - calabaza (peru) zapallo pure - pur

Q
quail - codorniz quartered - cortado en cuatro quince - membrillo quince cheese/jelly - dulce de membrillo

P
pan - cazo pancake - crepe paprika - pimentn parsley - perejil partridge - perdiz pasta - pasta pasty - empanada, empanadilla pt, pate - pat

R
rabbit - conejo radish - rbano raisin - pasa (de uva) rare - (meat) poco hecho

107

raw - crudo recipe - receta recipe book - recetario red pepper - pimiento rojo red mullet - salmonete reduce - reducir refried beans - frijoles refritos remove - quitar rennet - cuajo rennin - rennina rest - descansar return - volver rhubarb - ruibarbo ribs - costillas rice - arroz rind - cscara rinse - limpiar con agua ripe - maduro roast - asado/asar roast beef - rosbi roe - hueva roll - rollito roll out - aplanar rosemary - romero rub - frotar

S
saffron - azafrn sage - salvia salmon - salmn salt cod - bacalao salado salt - sal salted - salado sandwich (with Spanish bread) - bocadillo sandwich toaster - sandwichera sardines - sardinas sauce - salsa saucepan - cazo sausage - salchicha sausage meat - carne de salchicha sausage roll - salchicha envuelta en hojaldre saut - saltear scald - escaldar scallion (young onion) - cebolleta, cebolln, cebolla de verdeo, chalote, chalota scrambled egg - huevos revueltos sea bream - besugo seal - sellar seafood - mariscos seasoning - condimento season with salt - sazonar

season with salt and pepper - salmpimentar seeds - semillas self-raising - harina con levadura (Esp), leudante (RPl) sieve - tamizar shallot - cebolleta shapes - formas shellfish - mariscos shells - cscaras sherry - jerez shopping list - lista de la compra shoulder - (cut of meat) paletilla, paleta shrimp - (large) langostino, camarn shrimp - (medium) camarn, gamba, langostino shrimp - (small) camarn, quisquilla side - lado silver foil - papel de aluminio sieve - tamiz, cedazo, cernidor simmer - cocinar a fuego lento sirloin steak - solomillo skim - desnatar skimmed milk - leche desnatada skin - n. piel / v. pelar skinned - pelado sliced - en trozos sliced bread - pan de molde slotted spoon - espumadera smear - untar smoked - ahumado snack - un tentempi, un refrigerio snack - (to have a snack) comer algo ligero snail - caracol soak - remojar soft drink - refresco (bebida no alcohlica) sour - agrio sour cream - nata agria soy sauce - salsa de soja spaghetti - espaguetis spare ribs - costillas spicy - picante spinach - espinacas spoon - cucharada spoon - sacar con cuchara sprig - ramita sprinkle - salpicar squeeze - exprimir squid - calamar stale bread - pan duro stalk - tallo steak - bistec steamer - vapor stew - estofado stiff - espeso stir-fry - frer stock - caldo

108

strain - colar strainer - colador strawberry - fresa streaky bacon - tocino entreverado strips - tiritas stuff - rellenar stuffing - relleno suckling pig - lechn (cochinillo) sugar - azucar sultana - pasa sultana sweet - dulce sweet and sour - agridulce sweet basil - albahaca sweetbreads -mollejas, lechecillas sweetcorn - maz tierno, elote (Mx), choclo (AmS), jojoto (Ven) sweeten - endulzar, azucarar sweetener - endulzante sweet potato - boniato , batata , camote (Andes, Mx) sweet-toothed - goloso syrup - (sugar solution) almbar

trout - trucha tuna - atn turkey - pavo, guajalote(Mx) turn - dar la vuelta turn off - apagar unleavened (bread)- pan zimo, pan sin levadura

V
vanilla essence - esencia de vainilla vinegar - vinagre veal - ternera (de animal muy joven y de carne plida) venison - (carne de) venado vodka - vodka

W
walnuts - nueces (de california) warm - calentar wash - lavar watercress - berro wedge - pedazo grande whipped cream - nata montada whisk - batir whole - entero wild boar - jabal wipe - limpiar con un pao

T
tablespoon - cuchara (grande o de servir) tangerine - mandarina, tangerina tamal - tamale (ground maize and sometimes meat or a sweet filling wrapped in a banana or maize leaf) tartar sauce - salsa trtara taste - sabor teaspoon - cucharita, cucharilla tender - tierno tenderloin steak- solomillo tepid - tibio thick - grueso, espeso thicken - espesar thickness - espesura, grueso thinly slice - cortar en lonchas finas thoroughly - completamente thyme - tomillo tie - atar tin - lata tinned - en lata toasted - tostado tofu - tofu, queso de soja tomatoes - tomates topping - lo que se pone encima de una base toss - (salad) mezlar (pancake) dar la vuelta transfer - transferir transparent trickle - chorrear un poco trim - cortar tripe - mondongo, callos, pancita, guatitas

Y
yolks - yemas Yorkshire pudding - masa horneada a base de leche, huevos y harina que se sirve tradicionalmente con el rosbif

Z
zest - cscara, peladura zucchini - calabacn,calabacita, zapallito

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